专业英语考试资料

第一章

1.decision-making

2.value judgement

3.natural science

4.living standard

5.The “Great Depression”of the 1930s resulted in social instability in many

countries.

6.construct socialism with Chinese characteristics

7.We may compare the unemployment rate and the stability of prices of two

countries.

8.All entrepreneurs go after maximum profits and minimum costs.

9.It is the duty of every citizen to pay personal income tax.

第二章

1.market forces

2.impose taxes

3.cover the expenses

4.make a profit

5.If the economy is purely competitive,the price mechanism will operate freely.

6.The typical demand curve slopes down from left to right.

7.A compromise between how much and at what price the seller decides to sell and the consumers’ plans to buy must be reached.

8.If you show the demand and supply curves on same graph,the intersection of the two is the equilibrium point.

第三章

1.taxation policy

2.capitalist economy

3.consumer demand

4.free market economy

5.life necessities

6.production costs

7.purchasing power

8.consumer-protection laws

9.A rise in price could result in a gain in revenue before it results in a loss.

10.What really matters to the firms and businesses is not only total sales in terms of quantity sold but the profit that is made.

第四章

1.profit-maximizing firm

2.hire workers

3.cover costs

4.reallocate resources

5.The goal of firm is to maximize profit,which equals total revenue minus total cost.

6.Economic profit is important for decision-making purposes because it includes implicit costs and accounting profit does not.

7.A firm’s total costs can be divided between fixed costs and variable costs,and fixed

cost is the cost of inputs that do not change as the firm changes output in the short run .

8.Marginal cost is the amount by which total cost rises if output increases by 1 unit.

第五章

1.The monopolist sells a unique product,and extremely high barriers to entry protect it from competition.

2.The demand and marginal revenue curves of the monopolist are downward sloping.

3.Long-run ecomonic profit for a monopolist exceeds the zero ecomonic profit in the long run for a perfectly competitive firm.

4.The purpose behind granting patents and copyrights is to encourage innovation and new products by guaranteeing exclusive rights to profit from new ideas for a limited period..

5.A monopolist is characterized by inefficiency because resources are underallocated to the production of its product.

6.Monopoly harms consumers on two fronts. The monopolist charges a higher price and produces a lower output than would result under a perfectly competitive market structure.

7.Policymakers can respond to the ineffciency of monopoly behavior in four ways.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f112580096.html,ernment can turn the monopolist into a government-run enterprise.

第六章

1.The existing economic system should be reformed completely.

2.China’s eco nomy expanded at a slightly faster pace in the second quarter than in the previous quarter.

3.T oday,OPEC’s membership consists of 12 countries that coontrol approximately 80 percent of the world’s oil reserves.

4.The price of oil has dramatically increased to $80 per barrel this year from $40 per barrel three years ago.

5.In the era of economic globalization,the mutual economic interdependence among all the countries has been increasingly strengthened.

6.Under monopolistic competition and oligopoly,firms may compete using nonprice competition,rather than price competition.

7.Cartel is a kind of formal agreement among firms to set prices and output quotas.

8.In the long run,an oligopolistic firm can earn a higher economic profit because it is more difficult for its competitors to enter the industry.

第七章

1.GDP is the value,measured at market prices,of the output of final goods and services within the country.

2.GNP is the value of output produced by domestically owned factors of production within a given period

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f112580096.html,pared with GNP,GDP is easier to measure,since data on net foreign earnings are poor,and GDP is a better measure of the job-creating potential of the economy than is GNP.

4.NDP is equal to GDP minus the capical consumption allowance,a measure of depreciation.

5.Nominal GDP measures the value of output in a given period in current dollars while real GDP is the value of the economy’s output measured in the prices of some base year,or in constant dollars.

6.Real GDP comparisons provide a better measure of the changes in the physical output in the economy than nominal GDP comparisons.

第十章

1.Some people like to keep money for its own sake,but usually we look on it as a means of satisfying our needs and wants.

2.Paper money when handled frequently becomes torn and dirty,but it is periodically recalled and replaced.

3.Money in coin or paper form comes in a number of denominations of varying value,and can be used to buy large expensive items as easily as small ones costing only a few cents.

4.Many people put money into banks for safety rather than keeping it in hand.

5.The cheque itself is not money and is worthless if there is no deposit from which payments can be made to honor the cheque.

6.The writing class was conducted on a twice-a-week basis.

7.The employees are subject to the rules and regulations of the company.

8.We make allowances for his rudeness,for he has never been taught good manners.

第十一章

1.Foreign exchange rates are determined by the interaction between the demand for

a certain currency and the available supply.

2.Foreign exchange rates are the prices at which different national currencies are

traded for one another in the foreign exchange market.

3.Exchange rates are important because they affect the relative price of domestic

and foreign goods.

4.The foreign exchange market is a worldwide network of financial institutions that

facilitates international business transactions by trading foreign exchange.

5.The foreign exchange markets not only link foreign currency flows around the

world,they also tie together short-term capital markets in different countries.

6.Transactions conducted in the foreign exchange market determine the rates at

which currencies are exchanged for one another,which,in turn,determine the cost of purchasing foreign goods and financial assets.

第十二章

1.Foreign direct investment and portfolio investment

2.Unilateral transfer or unrequited transfer

3.Credit items and debit items

4.Capital flow and capital stock

5. A current account deficit is balanced by a capital account surplus,i.e.,by capital

inflows,and a current account surplus by capital outflow.

6.Since the balance of payments is based on a double entry bookkeeping system,in

theory,the sum of credit and debit is zero.but in practice,it is not the case,because of errors and omissions.

7.The balance of trade is the most important section in the current account and the

entire balance of payments accounts.

8.The balance of trade refers to the net balance of exports and imports of

merchandise.if exports exceed imports,the balance of trade is in surplus:if imports exceed exports,it is in deficit.

第十三章

1.O ne of the targets for china’s macro-economy is to keep the sustained,stable and

healthy development of its national economy.

2.The two major tools of stabilization policy are fiscal policy and monetary policy.

3.Expansionary macroeconomic policies are normally taken when an economy is in

recession.

4.The increases in government expenditures can help to stimulate the economic

growth and reduce the unemployment rate.

5.By altering its holding of government securities,the central bank can change the

reserves of the commercial banks and ultimately determines the total supply of money.

6.In open economies with fixed exchange rates,monetary policies must be closely

aligned with those in other countries.

7.Tight money will reduce investment and other interest-senstive items of spending

like consumer durables or net exports.

8.T he people’s bank of china may control china’s overheating economic growth

through open-market operations.