Business Negotiation商务英语谈判重点
重点：
1)What is Negotiation?
“Negotiation”means “doing business”or a discussion aimed at reaching an agreement.
Four main phases of negotiation:
①The preparing phase （预备阶段）
②The debating phase （争论阶段）
③The proposal phase （建议阶段）
④The bargaining phase（讨价还价阶段）
或者是Pre-Negotiation
Face-to-Face Negotiation ( At the Negotiation P.1-3 )
Post-Negotiation
2)What is business negotiation?
Business Negotiation is a kind of discussion aimed at reaching a business agreement or a business contract.
Four stages in business negotiation
①non-task sounding （开局前的试探）
②task-related exchange of information （交换与谈判目标有关的信息）
③persuasion （说服）
④concessions and agreements （让步与同意）
3）Some Issues that Chinese Corporations and Negotiators Need to Address
①Chinese businessmen tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the direct manner of American businessmen.
②The decision-making process of Chinese companies is generally both slow and time-consuming. On the other hand, American companies usually operate with quick decision made by the top management.
Different Business Communication Styles between China and the USA
①Manner: Direct Manner / Indirect Manner
②Decision-Making: Quick, Top-Down / Slow, Tine-Consuming
③Work Ethic: Individual Oriented / Social Pressure
Value Results more than its Process / Community Belonging, Priority to Planning
④Merits: Efficiency / Encourage Cooperation
Competition in Workers / more Humane
⑤Demerits: Frustrating Workers / Lack of Efficiency and Competition
4）China’s Foreign Trade Policy
The principle of China’s foreign trade is “equality, mutual benefit and exchanging what one has for what one needs”.（平等互利，互通有无）
5）An Introduction to the Five Links of International Business Negotiation
①Enquiry （询盘）
②Offer （发盘）
③Counter-Offer （还盘）
④Acceptance （接受）
⑤Conclusion of a Contract（缔结合同）
Of course, it is not necessary to have all the five links taken for every transaction. Sometimes, only offer and acceptance will do. It is stipulated in the laws of some countries that only offer
and acceptance are the two required factors, failure of which will make no contract.
6）Brief Introduction to Incoterms?2010
Incoterms are used in international import/export contract to show the responsibility of the buyers and the sellers. They define who is responsible for “freight”or “carriage”
(transportation) , insurance against risks, “duty”(tariff) and “clearance”(import and export documentation).
The word “INCOTERMS”is short for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms, and most frequently used in international sales transactions.
The latest version is INCOTERMS ? 2010, which already became effective on Jan. 1st 2011.
Previous versions, including INCOTERMS 2000, are now outdated
The ? sign means a registered trade mark, it became a necessary part of Incoterms ?2010 7）International Tender or Bid 国际性招投标
Concepts Related Tender or Bid on p.147
Tender 投标(British English)
Bid 投标(American English)
submit a tender / bid（submission of tender / bid）投标
Tenderer or bidder 投标者
Winning bidder / successful tenderer 中标者
To invite tender / bid 招标
Invitation for (to) tender / Bids 招标
Tenderee / the bid inviting party 招标人/ 招标方
Generally speaking, people often using tendering / bidding to refer to invite tender / bid and tender / bid.
Tendering / Bidding 招投标
International tendering / international bidding 国际招投标
Submission of Tender (投标)
Tenders’/ Bidders’behaviors to deliver their bid / tenders forms to the tenderee according to the conditions of the Tender notice within the specified period of time.
投标人根据招标公告或招标单规定的条件，在指定的时间内向招标人递盘的行为。
Legally, the tender / bid is an offer, which is equivalent to the offer in international trade
negotiation.
在法律上投标属于要约，相当于国际贸易谈判中的发盘。
General Procedures of Bidding 招标基本程序
Preparation of Bidding Documents
编制招标文件或标书
Publicizing the Invitation for Bids
发布招标邀请书
Preparation of Bids
编制投标书
Submission of Bids
递送投标书
Opening and Evaluation of Bids
开标与评标
Award
决标
8）Definition of International Investment 国际投资的定义
The international investment is a form of the cross-border flows of International Monetary Capital and International Industrial Capital. It is a kind of economic activities to invest the monetary capital from a country or region to another country or region in order to realize the value increment.
国际投资是国际货币资本及国际产业资本跨国流动的一种形式，是将资本从一个国家或地区投向另一国家或地区以实现价值增值的经济活动。
国际投资可以看成一般投资在国际上的扩展。它既具有一般投资的特征，又有其国际性的特殊性。
International Direct Investment and International Indirect Investment 按照投资主体是否拥有对海外企业的实际经营管理权，分为:
1) International Direct Investment (国际直接投资)
国际直接投资，又称为对外直接投资（FDI）、境外直接投资、外国直接投资或海外直接投资，指投资者到国外直接开办工矿企业或经营其他企业，即将其资本直接投放到生产经营中以获取长期利益的经济活动，其特征在于:投资者能够对企业的经营管理拥有有效的控制。
国际直接投资包括绿地投资、购买国外企业的股票并达到控股水平、利用以前国际直接投资的利润在海外再投资三种形式。
2) International Indirect Investment (国际间接投资)
国际间接投资主要是指国际证券投资以及以提供国际中长期信贷、经济开发援助等形式的资本外投活动，是一种仅以获取资本增值或实施对外援助与开发为目的的跨国投资。包括国际证券投资和国际信贷投资两种形式。
二者的本质区别：进行国际直接投资的核心目标是获得到对投资企业的直接控制权，而进行国际间接投资的主要目的在于获取投资收入或资本利润。
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Definition of Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is direct investment by a company in production located in another country either by buying a company in the country or by expanding operations of an existing business in the country.
从一国角度出发，国际直接投资也被称为对外直接投资或外商直接投资(FDI)。
根据国际货币基金组织(IMF)所下的定义:
对外直接投资是指“在投资者所属经济体（国家）以外的经济体所经营的企业中拥有持续利益的一种投资，其目的在于对该企业的经营管理具有有效的发言权”。
商务英语谈判案例分析[1]1
商务英语谈判课后作业 ——案例分析
商务英语谈判案例分析 Example: Dan smith was a bissiness who works on gymnasium equipment，and it was the first meeting between Robert Liu and him.In just a few minutes of the conversation, Robert Liu felt that this big fellow with a straightforward appearance kept a mind of a cunning rabbit .Known that the guy was skilled in this way ,he took great care in the negotiation. In the first round ,their covercition was as follows: D: I'd like to get the ball rolling by talking about prices. R: Shoot.,I'd be happy to answer any questions you may have. D: Y our products are very good. But I'm a little worried about the prices you're asking. R: Y ou think we about be asking for more?(laughs) D: (chuckles) That's not exactly what I had in mind. I know your research costs are high, but what I'd like is a 25% discount. R: That seems to be a little high, Mr. Smith. I don't know how we can make a profit with those numbers. D: Please, Robert, call me Dan. (pause) Well, if we promise future business――volume sales――that will slash your costs for making the Exec-U-ciser, right? R: Y es, but it's hard to see how you can place such large orders. How could you turn over so many? (pause) We'd need a guarantee of future business, not just a promise. D: We said we wanted 1000 pieces over a six-month period. What if we place orders for twelve months, with a guarantee? R: If you can guarantee that on paper, I think we can discuss this further.But even with volume sales, our coats for the Exec-U-Ciser won't go down much. D: Just what are you proposing? R: We could take a cut on the price. But 25% would slash our profit margin .We suggest a compromise――10%. D: That's a big change from 25! 10 is beyond my negotiating limit. (pause) Any other ideas? R: I don't think I can change it right now. Why don't we talk again tomorrow? D: Sure. I must talk to my office anyway. I hope we can find some common ground on this. NEXT DAY D: Robert, I've been instructed to reject the numbers you proposed; but we can try to come up with some thing else.
商务英语谈判技巧
Business Negotiation Skills in English （商务英语谈判技巧） Phases of Negotiation According to Robert Maddux, author of Successful Negotiation, negotiation is the process we use to satisfy our needs when someone else controls what we want. In business negotiations, the two parties endeavor to obtain their business goals through bargaining with their counterparts. Business negotiations are conducted in the following four phases: the preparation phase, opening phase, bargaining phase and closing phase. Preparation phase 1.Choosing your team The negotiation team should include members in the following areas: Commercial: responsible for the negotiation on price, delivery terms, and commercial policy of risk taking. Technical: responsible for specifications, programs, and methods of work. Financial: terms of payment, credit insurance and financial guarantees. Legal: contract documents, terms and conditions of contract, insurance and legal interpretation. Interpreter: familiar with the foreign language needed as well as the negotiation-related knowledge, and having certain communication skills. The most important role in the team is the chief negotiator (CN), who is supposed to possess the following qualities: sociability, shrewdness, adaptability, patience, endurance. Other than that, extensive knowledge, clear oral expression as well as strong leadership are also important for a CN. 2. Gathering and analyzing information Valuable information covers the areas in political, legal as well as business system, market research, financial policies, infrastructure and logistics. The knowledge on the counterpart is also necessary. With the information at hand, it is time do a feasibility study to adjust our goals to be achieved. 3. The negotiation plan The plan defines the negotiating objectives, sets the minimum acceptable level for each term, and states the time control, initial strategy, the tactics and others including the location, personnel and facilities needed. A well-designed plan allows more flexibility in different situations and guides the negotiators through the negotiation process without getting off track. The opening phase It is common that the seller submits proposals. Then the buyer confronts with three options: outright acceptance, outright rejection, and qualified rejection,
商务英语谈判价格包装等谈判案例
A:为出口公司B:为国外进口公司 场景一：价格谈判 A和B开门走进办公室…… A: please take your seat,--- B:Thank you. A:After anttending our new product launch meeting,you must have a detail idea about our products,---.Now please let me know what kinds of flowers you are interested. (A递给B 一个产品目录册，B迅速地翻阅并作出标记) B:Yes,your flowers are pretty beautiful and leave me a deep impression. (A接过B递回的册子，翻阅) B:And I’d like to get the ball rolling by talking about the price.what prices will you offer for these I’ve marked? A:---,before we quote price please tell me how many flowers you are going to buy. B:for No.10 we’d like to phurchase 1500 units,No.20,1000 units and 1000 units for No.30. A:The usual price for No10 is 25 USD,for No20,35,and No30,50USD.they are all on the trade term of CIF Sydney. B:I t hink it’s unacceptable for us,you know the market has shrinked a lot during the economic ressesion period. A:we understand it,but you know these flowers are good for value.And they are newly cultivated after we tried a lot for genetic transplant.I believe you know the cost we spent. B:yes, I know that,---,it’s because of that ,I hope we can cooperate to open the market.If the price is reasonable, the large volume sales will be easy to reach,and that can remedy your large cost,right? A: (考虑片刻)Considering it’s the first time we do business and long-term cooperation in future, we can cut 1 USD for the price which we usual don’t do . B:1 USD? It makes no difference.we need more.and to be frank,we want the price to be 20,25 and 40 USD for each kind. A:No,no,no,I think you are kidding….---,that’s a big cut ,and it will make us have no returns. B:(表情严肃，犹豫片刻)Then how about 22,30 and 45 USD. A:That’s still leave us a little of margin,but increase 500 hundreds units for each kind,we can make it. B:That’s hard for us,yo u know it is a large size,and we can’t keep them for a long time. A:The season of large demand for flowers is coming,we guarantee the delivery within 1 month, that can be helpful for your quick sale. B:The delivery should be within 1 month, otherwise I cannot place the order. Now let’s reach some middle ground,you allow a 20% discount,I increase the order quantity by 500 hundreds units at that new price. A:20% discount? The policy regulates the maxium discount is within 15% in our company. And if you want to get the discount,the units you ordered have to overpass 2000 for each item. B:2000 units?we can’t take that many.Though you can’t offer us 15% discount,10% is ok.I hope you can accept it.--- A:---,we can grant 8% at most,that’s the best we can do.A nd
(整理)商务英语谈判对话900句.
英语谈判对话900句，商务洽谈英语对话，签订外贸合同英语对话 --- Such data is confidential. 这样的资料为机密资料。 --- I am not sure such data does exist. 我不确定是否有这样的资料存在。 --- It would depend on what is on the list. 这要看列表内容。 --- We need them urgently. 我们急需这些资料。 --- All right. I will send the information on a piecemeal basis as we acquire it. 好。我们收齐之后会立即寄给你。 --- I'd like to introduce you to our company. Is there anything in particular you'd lik e to know? 我将向你介绍我们的公司，你有什么特别想知道的吗？ --- I'd like to know some information about the current investment environment in y our country? 我想了解一下贵国的投资环境。 --- I'd like to know something about your foreign trade policy. 我非常想了解有关贵国对外贸易的政策。 --- It is said that a new policy is being put into practice in your foreign trade. 据说你们正在实施一种新的对外贸易政策。 --- Our foreign trade policy has always been based on equality and mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods. 我们的对外贸易政策一向是以平等互利、互通有无为基础的。 --- We have adopted much more flexible methods in our dealings.
商务英语谈判对话
商务英语谈判经典句 1 If you take quality into consideration, you will find our price reasonable. 如果您把质量考虑进去的话，您会发现我方价格是合理的。 2 We guarantee quality products which can stand fierce competition. 我们保证提供能经得起激烈竞争的高质量产品。 3 I still have some questions concerning our contract. 就合同方面我还有些问题要问。 4 We are always willing to cooperate with you and if necessary make some concessions. 我们总是愿意合作的，如果需要还可以做些让步。 5 If you have any comment about these clauses, do not hesitate to make. 对这些条款有何意见，请尽管提，不必客气。 6 Do you think there is something wrong with the contract? 你认为合同有问题吗？ 7 We'd like you to consider our request once again. 我们希望贵方再次考虑我们的要求。 8 We'd like to clear up some points connected with the technical part of the contract. 我们希望搞清楚有关合同中技术方面的几个问题。 9 The negotiations on the rights and obligations of the parties under contract turned out to be very successful. 就合同保方的权利和义务方面的谈判非常成功。 10 We can't agree with the alterations and amendments to the contract. 我们无法同意对合同工的变动和修改。 11 We hope that the next negotiation will be the last one before signing the contract. 我们希望下一交谈判将是签订合同前的最后一轮谈判。 12 We don't have any different opinions about the contractual obligations of both parties. 就合同双方要承担的义务方面，我们没有什幺意见。 13 That's international practice. We can't break it.
商务英语谈判复习题第一套.doc
《商务英语谈判》复习题（第一套） I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. （10X2.5 分=25 分） 1? Our products are well known for their fine quality. 2.How would you pack the goods we are going to order? 3.We are in a position to offer tea from stock. 4.The offer is subject to our final confirmation . 5.If you make a further reduction of 3%, your price will be more competitive. 6.We shall make shipment within the time the contract stipulates. 7.What kind of terms of payment should you usually adopt? 8.Our commodity has always come to the international standard. 9.The packing must be strong enough to withstand rough handling. 10.What coverage will you take out for our goods? IL Translate the following sentences into English. （10X2.5 分=25 分） 1. 如果有任何纠纷，我们希望通过友好协商来解决。 2 ?请尽快开立有关信用证。 3. 开箱时我们就发现货物少了10台。 4. 包装直接关系到产品的销售。 5. 与新客户做生意我们通常要求用信用证支付，这是我们的惯例。 6. 货物将在收到信用证30内发运。 7. 如果用即期信用证付款的话，我们可以减价2%o &我们很高兴接受你方报盘。 9. 我们已经同意了所有的条款. 10. 额外的保费由你方承担。 III. Role-play （50%）
商务英语谈判案例集分析
史蒂夫的销售报价策略 姜德才环境与测绘学院 07103077（一）案情： 史蒂夫是爱姆垂旅店董事会成员，但是旅店的地理位置是在不理想，董事会曾委派一个小组委员会，调查了将爱姆垂旅店从萨默维尔迁到一个安静的、半居住性的社区的可能性。但从财务上看，搬迁是不可行的，因而搬迁的想法就被打消了。几个月以后，一位名叫威尔逊的先生先找爱姆垂旅店的经理——彼得斯夫人。威尔逊表示他的公司愿意买下爱姆垂旅店。 董事会委派史蒂夫去办理这项有希望的交易。史蒂夫根据对威尔逊的商业往来所作的一些调查，认为他是一位有信誉的合法商人。史蒂夫意识到，威尔逊想买爱姆垂旅店，可能是想在这里建造公寓。威尔逊希望马上讨论价格问题，而是蒂夫则需要两个星期来做这些谈判准备工作。 史蒂夫初步确定旅馆的开盘价格 在接下来的12天里，史蒂夫做了几件事。首先，他想要确定爱姆垂旅店的保留价格或等够轻易成交的价格。史蒂夫得知，位于梅德福和位于奥尔斯顿的两个地点是可以用一个合适的价格买到的。他得知：梅德福德那块房地产可以175000美元的价格买下来，奥尔斯顿的那块可以235000美元的价格买下来。 史蒂夫断定，爱姆垂旅店搬迁到梅德福至少需要220000美元，而搬迁奥尔斯顿则至少需要275000美元。奥尔斯顿的那个地点（需275000美元）比梅德福的那个地点（220000美元）好得多，而后者又比现在爱姆垂的这个好。所以史蒂夫决定，他得保留价格是220000美元。史蒂夫下一步又调查，如果在市场上公开销售，爱姆垂旅店可能大约仅值125000美元。 史蒂夫和他的朋友了解到售价的高低很大程度上要取决于这些开发商的意图。史蒂夫断定，威尔逊的保留价格是275000-475000美元。 史蒂夫对报价策略的选择 史蒂夫应采取什么样的开局策略？谁应当首先报价呢？如果威尔逊坚持让史蒂夫首先报价，史蒂夫应该怎们办？如果威尔逊开价X千美元，史蒂夫应该怎样还价？有没有任何明显的全套应该避免？ 史蒂夫决定试着让威尔逊首先报价，如果不成功，或一开始就被迫首先报价，他就使用大概的价格750000美元。史蒂夫曾想过一开始就报出400000美元的价格，并在一段时间里坚持不变。但是经商量后他们认为只有40%的概率，这个价格会低于威尔逊的保留价。如果威尔逊首先报价，史蒂夫将不让他有时间仔细考虑他的报价，而将迅速作出反应，立即给出一个还价，比如说750000美元，让对方在心理上觉得他的报价太低了。 史蒂夫的朋友告诉他，一旦两个报价都拿到了桌面上，那么自然可以预料到，最终的合同价格就在这两个报价之间。假如威尔逊的报价是200000美元，史蒂夫的还价是400000美元，则最终价格一般为300000美元。作为先开价者，史蒂夫认为最后能买到350000美元就很不错了，而且他当然记得自己的保留价格只是220000美元。 第一轮的较量 当第一轮谈判结束后，史蒂夫认为他简直经历了一场灾难，而且接下来，他甚至不敢断定会有第二轮谈判。谈判一开始，双方说了几句幽默的笑话和几句客套话。接着威尔逊就说：“请告诉我，你们能够接受的最低条件是什么。好让我看看是否能再做点什么。”史蒂夫已料到了这样的开场白，没有直接回答，他问道：“为什么不告诉我们，你愿意出的最高价格，
商务英语写作实训心得体会3篇
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商务英语谈判案例分析
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日方：当然，我们对贵国实际情况考虑不够…… 中方：不，在设计时就应该考虑到中国的实际情况，因为这批车是专门为中国生产的。 （分析：中方步步紧逼，日方步步为营，谈判气氛渐趋紧张。中日双方在谈判开始不久，就在如何认定货车质量问题上陷入僵局） 日方：货车质量的问题不至于到如此严重的程度吧？这对我们公司来说，是从未发生过的，也是不可理解的。（分析：日方坚持说中方有意夸大货车的质量问题） 中方：这里有商检、公证机关的公证结论，还有商检拍摄的录像。如果…（分析：中方觉得该是举证的时候） 日方：不！不！对商检公证机关的结论，我们是相信的，我们是说贵国是否能够作出适当让步。否则，我们无法向公司交待。（分析：日方在中方所提质量问题攻势下，及时调整了谈判方案，采用以柔克刚的手法，向对方踢皮球，但不管怎么说，日方在质量问题上设下的防线已被攻克了。这就为中方进一步提出索赔价格要求打开了缺口。随后，对FP——148货车损坏归属问题上取得了一致的意见。日方一位部长不得不承认，这属于设计和制作上的质量问题所致）
国际商务英语谈判答案(全)
国际商务英语谈判答案(全)
Keys to the exercises Chapter 1 Fundamentals of International Business Negotiation Communication Exercises 1. Change the sentences from negative to positive. 1) I want a job. 2) I work hard. 3) My job is terrific. 4) This office is great. 5) My co-workers are super. 6) The Personnel Director is nice. 7) My health is good. 8) My attitude is positive. 9) I make a good impression. 10) I understand. 2. Change or add to these sentences so that they do not just state what you want, but invite your negotiating partner’s opinion. a) Could we finish at five---if that’s all right with you? b) I hope you don’t mind if Miss Li sits in during the negotiation? c) Perhaps we could take a break now. Is that OK? d) Could we look at these three areas this morning? e) I would like to go through the written offer clause by clause, if that’s OK? f) Do you mind if I answer your questions at the end? 3. What is meant by “negotiation”? How would you define “negotiation”? A nego tiation is a meeting in which both parties need each other’s agreement to reach a specific objective. It is the mechanism by which people trade things of value in a civilized manner. Negotiation depends on communication. It occurs between individuals acting either for themselves or as representatives of organized groups. Negotiations are very much part of working and home life. Negotiations could be either internal or external, long or short, formal or informal. The goal of negotiation is not to win but to succeed. The mechanism of successful negotiation is collaboration. In negotiations, both parties should know ----why they negotiate ----who they negotiate with ----what they negotiate about ----where they negotiate ----when they negotiate ----how they negotiate
商务英语谈判对话
A为仪器设备公司代表，B为买方。 询价，报价，还价, 签合同 B: after attending your new product lunch meeting, I am very interested in your product, can I make a inquiry for your equipment and instrument A：here is our latest catalogue and price list, you can choose any one of it B: I would like to buy optical instrument, and all the prices are on the FOB price, could you quote us CIF Chongqing. A ：that can easily be done ,I’ll work It out for you. Here your are. B :1 million $,your price is unworkable ,there is no chance of doing busi ness between us if you don’t adjust your price. A :actually ,this price leave us little profit ,and our product have the best quality and powerful function, if you consider these advantage of our product, you will be see our price is highly competitive. B :I can’t deny these advantage ,unless you can make some sort of concession, otherwise I think we have to call it a day. A:what do you have in mind ? B:could you consider reducing your price to 3%? A: our maximum is only 1%,we can’t go any further. I afraid. B:well, we accept the price .but on condition ：delivery must be made within 30 days ,ok? A: sounds good, if you don’t h ave any question, We`ve brought the draft of our contract. Please have a look.
商务英语谈判情景对话
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