旧词新意

let
let在教材中的意思为“允许,让”,作动词用。

这是我们最熟悉的意思,当然let还有其它的意思。

Let Line AB be equal to Line CD. (let在此句中作动词,let sth. be equal意思为“假设某物等于”。

)
Mr. White let his old apartment to a friend last Tuesday. (let在此句中作动词,意思为“出租”。

)
light
This is a room with good light. (light用作名词,意思为“光,光线”,是教材中的第一种用法。

) It is so light that I can carry it easily. (light用作形容词,意思为“轻的”,是教材中的第二种用法。

)
light除了以上的常见用法外,还有下列几种用法。

May I borrow your light? (light用作名词,意思为“火柴,打火机”。

)
Since you’re not well, you’d better do some light housework. (li ght用作形容词,意思为“轻松的,使人不疲劳的”。

)
My brother bought a bottle of light beer in the shop. (light用作形容词,意思为“低度酒的”。

) Wait a moment. I’ll light a candle. (light用作动词,意思为“点燃”。

)
mean
mean在教材中的意思为“意思是”,作动词用。

这是我们大家都熟悉的意思,除此之外mean 还有其它的意思。

Mary has always been mean with money. (mean在此句中作形容词,意思为“吝啬的,小气的”。

)
Today the mean temperature is 10℃in Shanghai. (mean在此句中作形容词,仅用于名词前,意思为“平均的”。

)
miss
We’ll miss you very much if you move. 此句中miss用作及物动词,意为“想念,怀念,思念”,这是miss的常用法。

miss还有其它用法。

如:
①After several misses he finally managed to hit the target. (miss用作名词,意为“失误,失败,击不中,回避”。

)
②The offer of a year aboard with all expenses paid seemed too good to miss. (too good to miss意为“很吸引人或很有利而无法拒绝或放弃”。

)
③Bob will find out your secret —he doesn’t miss a trick!(not miss a trick意为“非常机警或警觉”。

)
mind
Would you mind helping me? 此句中mind用作动词,意为“介意,注意”,这是mind的常用法之一。

He has a mind for science. 此句中mind用作名词,意为“头脑,思维”,这是mind的常用法之二。

mind除了以上用法外,还有其它用法。

如:
①Y ou must be out of your mind if you think I’m going to lend you $50! (be out of one’s mind意为“发狂,发疯,精神不正常”。

)
②Keep your mind on the job! (keep one’s mind on sth.意为“继续专心于某事物,不因某事物分散注意力”。

)
③Her way of speaking put me in mind of her mother. (put sb. in mind of sb. / sth.意为“使某
人想到或想起某人/ 某事物”。

)
④—Who’s that letter from?
—Never you mind. (never you mind意为“不关你的事”。

)
minute
They only took fifteen minutes to finish that job. 此句中minute用作名词,意为“分钟;片刻;一会儿”。

minute还有其它用法,如:
①Y our suggestion will be minuted. (minute用作动词,意为“将某事载入备忘录或会议记录”。

)
②Her clothes are always right up to the minute. (up to the minute意为“最新的;时髦的”。

)
③The detective studied the fingerprints in the minutest detail. (minute用作形容词,读作/mai’nju:t/,意为“极详细的;准确的”。

)
move
She was too tired to move any further. 此句中move用作动词,意为“移动;搬动;迁移;运行”。

move还有其它用法,如:
①He sat in the corner, watching my every move. (move用作名词,意为“地点或位置的变动”。

)
②It’s getting dark, we’d better make a move. (make a move意为“出发;起程;动身”。

)
③The price of eggs moved ahead today.(move ahead 意为“有进展;上涨”。

)
present
There were 300 people present at the wedding party.
We presented our English teacher with beautiful flowers.
The cinema will present Perhaps Love on Saturday.
Y ou must present yourself well at an interview.
present 在教材中的意思为“礼物”和“现在,目前”,作名词用。

上面句子中的四个present,第一个作形容词用,意思为“出席”;其余的三个都作动词用,意思分别为“给”、“上演,演出”和“展示”。

第一句可译为“有三百人出席了婚礼”;第二句可译为“我们把漂亮的花送给了英语老师”;第三句可译为“星期六这个电影院将上演《如果?爱》”;第四句可译为“面试的时候你必须很好地展示自己”。

pick
Only the best players were picked to play in this match. 此句中pick用作及物动词,意为“挑选,选择”,这是pick是常用法。

pick还有其它用法。

如:
①She felt that her parents were picking on her. (pick on sb.意为“挑剔、批评或责怪”。

)
②She picked out a pink dress for her daughter. (pick out意为“挑选出”。

)
pay
Her parents paid for her to go to America. 此句中pay用作动词,意为“付钱,支付”,这是pay 的常用法之一。

What’s the pay like in your job? 此句中pay用作名词,意为“工资,薪水”,这是pay的常用法之二。

除了以上用法外, pay还有其它用法。

如:
①It doesn’t pay to get angry. (pay用作动词,意为“有利,值得”。

)
②John has paid off all his debts. (pay off意为“付清,偿清”。

)
③I had to pay out $200 to get my car repaired! (pay out 意为“付出巨款”。

)
pull
Pull your chair near the table. 此句中pull用作及物动词,意为“拉,拖”,这是pull的常用法。

pull还有其它用法。

如:
①The tides(潮汐) depend on the pull of the moon. (pull用作名词,意为“拉力,引力,磁力”。

)
②He was pulled up by the boss. (pull sb. up意为“纠正某人,训斥某人”。

)
question n.& v
There is no question about his success.
此句中的question是不可数名词,意为“怀疑,疑问”,这是其最常见的用法。

另外它还有其它的用法,如:
①I’d like to question you on your views about the housing problem. (此句中的question作及物动词,意为“问(某人)问题”。

)
②His success is out of question.(out of question意为“没问题,办得到的”。

)
③Watching the football match here seems to be out of the question.(out of the question意为“不可能的,办不到的”。

)
raise
1、The workers are struggling for raising salaries.
My uncle was raised in the USA.
raise在教材中的意思为“筹集”,作动词用。

上面句子中的两个raise还作动词用,但是意思发生了变化,分别为“提高”和“抚养,养育”。

第一句可译为“工人们一直在争取提高薪水”;第二句可译为“我叔叔是在美国长大的”。

2、Please raise your hand if you agree with me.此句中raise用作动词,意为“举起,使升高”。

这是raise的常用法。

raise还有其它用法。

如:
①They are raising funds for charity.(raise用作及物动词,意为“筹集,募捐”。

)
②Lucy raised her eyebrows in surprise. (raise one’s eyebrows意为“扬起眉毛”,表示不赞同或惊讶。

)
room
It is important to give children room to think for themselves. She roomed with Mary in college for two years.
room在教材中作可数名词用时,意思为“房间”;作不可数名词用时,意思为“空间”。

上面两个句子中,第一个room作不可数名词用,意思为“机会”;第二个room作动词用,意思为“租房,合住”。

rush
The children rushed out of school. 此句中rush用作不及物动词,意为“冲,奔跑,闯”,这是rush的常用法。

rush还有其它用法。

如:
①Don’t rush me —this needs thinking about. (rush用作及物动词,意为“使某人仓促行事”。

)
②I had to do my homework in a rush because I was late. (in a rush意为“赶快”。

)
rich
Do you like rich foods?
Her new coat is in rich red.
rich在教材中的意思为“富有的;富饶的”,作形容词用。

上面句子中的两个rich也作形容词用,但是意思分别为“油腻的”和“(颜色)浓艳的”。

第一句可译为“你喜欢吃油腻的食物吗?”;第二句可译为“她的新大衣是艳红色。

”。

run
My brother has no idea how to run a business.
I’m afraid the color will run if I wash your new skirt.
The discussion between the teachers and the students has run for two hours.
He has run short of money.
run在教材中的意思为“跑;奔跑”,作动词用。

上面句子中的四个run都用作动词,但是意思发生了变化,分别为“管理;经营”、“掉色,退色”、“持续”和“变得”。

support
We strongly support the peace process. 此句中support用作及物动词,意为“支持”,这是support的常用法。

support 还有其它用法。

如:
①We couldn’t win the match without their support. (support用作名词,意为“帮助,支持”。

)
②The results support our original theory. (support用作及物动词,意为“证实”。

)
shut
He shut himself in the door to do his homework. 此句中shut用作及物动词,意为“关上,关闭”,这是shut的常用法。

shut还有其它用法。

如:
①Tell her to shut up. (shut up意为“不再谈话,闭嘴”。

)
②He tried to shut out the view. (shut sb./sth. out意为“将某人/某物关在外面,遮住”。

) sound
When they were talking in the room, the bell sounded.
When I saw the smoke, I tried to sound the alarm.
My father is a person of sound judgment.
The baby is sound asleep now.
sound在教材中的第一个意思为“听起来”,作动词用;第二个意思为“声音”,作名词用。

在上面的四个句子中,前两个sound作动词用,意思分别为“(使)发出声音,响”和“鸣警报”;第三个sound作形容词用,意思为“明智的”;第四个sound作副词用,意思为“酣,沉”。

start
We won’t finish the job today, but we have made a start. 此句中的start用作名词,意为“开头,开端,起始”,这是start的常用法之一。

It started to rain. 此句中的start用作动词,意为“开始”,这是start的常用法之二。

除了以上用法外,start还有其它用法。

如:
①The news gave me quite a start.(start用作名词,意为“吃惊,惊起”。

)
②Isn’t it time we start back? It’s getting dark. (start back意为“动身返回”。

)
③What time do you start for work? (start for... 意为“动身去”。

)
④I told him the whole story, from start to finish. (from start to finish意为“自始至终,从头到尾”。

)
subject
Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers.
The football match may be put off subject to the weather.
Peter always subjects his wife to his will.
subject在教材中的意思为“学科;科目”,作可数名词用。

上面句子中的三个subject,前两个作形容词用,意思分别为“易遭受……的”和“取决于”;第三个作动词用,意思为“使顺从”。

第一句可译为“吸烟的人比不吸烟的人容易犯心脏病。

”;第二句可译为“受天气的影响,足球比赛可能会推迟。

”;第三句可译为“彼得总是让妻子顺从他的意愿。

”。

season
There are four seasons in a year. 此句中season用作名词,意为“季节,时节;旺季”。

season 还有其它用法,如:
①Season the chicken with pepper. (season用作动词,意为“给……调味,加味于”。

)
②Strawberries are cheaper when they’re in season. (in season意为“上市;当令;在旺季”。

) stand
She was too weak to stand. (stand用作动词,意思为“站立;站着”,是教材中的第一种用法。

)
I can’t stand him interrupting all the time. (stand用作动词,意思为“忍受”,是教材中的第二种用法。

)
除了上面的常见用法外,stand还有下列几种用法。

Our school stands between the bookshop and the hospital. (stand用作动词,意思为“位于某处”。

)
The building stands about 40 meters high. (stand用作动词,意思为“高度为,高达”。

)
There are 400 seats in the west stand. (stand用作名词,意思为“看台,观礼座”。

)
He bought some bananas at the fruit stand. (stand用作名词,意思为“货摊,货架”。

)
stay
I’ll stay here till you come back.
此句中的stay是不及物动词,意为“停留,呆”,这是其最常见的用法。

stay除了此用法外,还有其它用法,如:
①I made some friends during my stay in Beijing. (stay用作名词,意为“逗留,停留”。

)
②I don’t like you staying out so late. (stay out意为“不回家,呆在户外”。

)
③I stayed up very late last night. (stay up意为“不睡觉,熬夜”。

)
④Y ou stay out of it. It’s none of your business. (s tay out of sth. 意为“不参与某事,不插手某事”。

)
trouble
We are having trouble with our new car. 此句中trouble用作不可数名词,意为“麻烦,烦恼,困难”,这是trouble的常用法。

trouble还有其它用法。

如:
①I am sorry to trouble you. (trouble用作及物动词,意为“麻烦,打扰”。

)
②He took a lot of trouble over this design. (trouble用作名词,意为“工夫,力气”。

)
train
train在教材中用作名词,意思为“火车,列车”。

train除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。

I’ve trained my dog to fetch my slippers. (train用作动词,意思为“培养,训练”。

)
His telephone call interrupted my train of thought. (train of thought是固定短语,意思为“思路,思绪”。

)
He trained his camera on the birds. (train sth. on / at sth. / sb. 意思为“用……对准或瞄准某事物或某人”。

)
vegetable
The terrible accident turned him into a vegetable.
Since losing his job my brother has felt like a vegetable.
vegetable在教材中的意思为“蔬菜”和“植物”,作名词用。

上面两个句子中的vegetable还是名词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“植物人”和“生活单调乏味的人”。

term
Tom’s father was made Mayor for a term of four years.
People between 13 and 19 are termed teenagers.
term在教材中的意思为“学期”和“术语”,作名词用。

上面句子中的两个term,第一个还作名词用,意思为“任期”;第二个作动词用,意思为“把……称为/叫做”。

第一句可译为“汤姆的父亲被选为市长,任期四年”;第二句可译为“十三岁至十九岁之间的人被叫做青少年”。

well
well在教材中有三种用法:用作副词时意思为“好,对,满意地”;用作感叹词时意思为“喔,噢,唔”;用作名词时意思为“井,水井”。

well除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。

The boy is well able to look after himself. (well用作副词,意思为“完全地,彻底地,全部地”。

)
Her family is very well off. (well off是固定短语,意思为“有钱,富裕”。

)
Tears were welling up in her eyes. (well用作动词,意思为“流出,涌出”。

)
warm
The weather is a bit warmer today. (warm用作形容词,意思为“温暖的,暖和的”,是教材中的用法。

)
除了上面的用法外,warm还有下列几种用法。

My mother is a very warm person. (warm用作形容词,意思为“热心的,友好的”。

)
I warmed myself at the fire. (warm用作动词,意思为“使温暖,使暖和”。

)
Please warm up the milk. (warm用作动词,意思为“使变热,热一热”。

)
win
Y ou are sure to win.
此句中win是不及物动词,意为“赢,胜,获胜”,是其常用法之一。

win 除了此用法外,还有其它用法。

如:
①She’s had two wins in four races.(win用作名词,意为“胜利,赢”。

)
②Win or lose, it should be a very good match. (win or lose意为“无论胜负,不管输赢,无论成败”。

)
③We are facing with a lot of problems but we’ll win through in the end. (win through意为“摆脱困境,终获成功”。

)
waste
I’m not going to waste any more words on the subject. 此句中waste用作及物动词,意为“浪费,滥用”,这是waste的常用法。

waste还有其它用法。

如:
①It’s a waste of time doing that. (waste用作名词,意为“浪费,滥用”。

)
②That was an area of waste ground in the past. (waste用作形容词,意为“无人烟的,未开垦的”。

)
③They won’t listen, so don’t waste your breath telling them. (waste one’s breath意为“白费唇舌”。

)
walk
I walked to school this morning because my bike was broken. (walk用作动词,意思为“步行”,是教材中的第一种用法。

)
The Browns enjoy walking by the lake after supper. (walk用作动词,意思为“散步”,是教材
中的第二种用法。

)
walk除了以上的常见用法外,还有下列几种用法。

My grandfather always walks his dog in the morning. (walk用作动词,意思为“牵着动物走,溜”。

)
My boyfriend walked me home last evening. (walk用作动词,意思为“陪伴……走,护送……走”。

)
My father has friends from all walks of life. (walk用作名词,a walk of life为固定短语,意思为“行业,阶层”。

)
full
The theater is full, I’m afraid you’ll have to wait for the next show. 此句中full用作形容词,意为“满的,充满的”,这是full的常用法。

full还有其它用法。

如:
①Jack hit him full in the face. (full用作副词,意为“直接地,精确地”。

)
②Use your abilities to the full. (to the full 意为“充分地,彻底地”。

)
③He told me the story in full. (in full意为“全部地,全文地”。

)
deal
Teachers should deal fairly with their pupils. 此句中deal用作不及物动词,常和with连用,意为“对待”,这是deal的常用法。

deal还有其它用法。

如:
①She spent a good deal of money on new clothes. (a good deal of意为“很多,大量”。

)
②We tried to make sure everyone got a fair deal. (a fair deal意为“公平的待遇”。

)
③My bank deals in stocks and shares now. (deal in意为“经营”。

)
④The teacher dealt out the test papers to the students. (deal out意为“分发”。

)
drive
Can you drive a car? (drive用作动词,意思为“开车,驾驶”,是教材中的第一种用法。

)
Let’s go for a drive in the country. (drive用作名词,意思为“驱车旅行”,是教材中的第二种用法。

)
除了以上用法外, drive还有其它用法。

The workers carried on a drive for greater efficiency last month. (drive用作名词,意思为“运动”。

)
There are three buses parked on the drive. (drive用作名词,意思为“车道”。

)
Poverty drove the little boy to steal. (drive用作动词,意思为“迫使某人做出极端的事情”。

) I’m sure that I’ve driven my opinion home.(drive sth. home意思为“把……讲透彻,使充分理解”。

)
Please drive the dog away. (drive sb./sth. away意思为“把……赶跑”。

)
dream
dream在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“做梦,梦到”;用作名词时意思为“梦想,幻想”。

dream除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。

Her new dress is an absolute dream. (dream用作名词,意思为“美丽或美好的人或事物”。

) My aunt’s wedding ceremony went like a dream. (go like a dream是固定短语,意思为“非常顺利,完美”。

)
When I was young I dreamed of becoming a surgeon. (dream 用作动词,意思为“渴望,迫切希望”。

)
clean
We must keep our hands clean. 此句中的clean用作形容词,意为“干净的,清洁的”,这是clean的常用法之一。

She is cleaning the blackboard. 此句中的clean用作动词,意为“弄干净,清洁”,这是clean的常用法之二。

除了以上用法外,clean还有其它用法。

如:
①I clean forgot about it. (clean用作副词,意为“彻底地,完全地,全部地”。

)
②The car needs a good clean. (clean用作名词,意为“清洁过程,清扫”。

)
③The government should come clean about its plans. (come clean意为“说出真相,全盘招供”。

)
④We clean the machine down at the end of each day. (clean sth down 意为“擦洗干净”。

)
⑤The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates. (clean up意为“清理掉,收拾干净”。

)
cost
The ticket cost me ten dollars.此句中cost用作及物动词,意为“花费”,这是cost的常用法之一。

The cost of living is much higher now than it was two years ago. 此句中cost用作名词,意为“价格,成本,费用”,这是它的常用法之二。

cost除了以上用法外,还有其它用法。

如:
①Has this project been costed? (cost用作及物动词,意为“估价,估计成本”。

)
②I must get the book at all costs. (at all costs意为“无论如何,不惜任何代价”。

)
③She saved him from drowning, but at the cost of her own life. (at the cost of sth.意为“以牺牲某事物为代价”。

)
cause
She’s always causing trouble. 此句中cause用作及物动词,意为“使发生,引起”,这是cause 的常用法。

cause还有其它用法。

如:
①Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. (cause用作可数名词,意为“原因,理由”。

)
②People fought for the cause of freedom and peace. (cause用作名词,意为“事业,目标”。

) blind
She is blind in the left eye. 此句中blind用作形容词,意为“瞎的,盲人的”,这是blind的常用法。

blind还有其它用法。

如:
①The blinds were drawn to protect the new furniture from the sun. (blind用作名词,意为“窗帘,遮光物”。

)
②The soldier was blinded in the explosion. (blind用作动词,意为“使失明”。

)
③This is a blind letter. (blind letter意为“因地址写得不清而无法投寄的信件”。

)
④He turned a blind eye to her mistakes. (turn a blind eye to意为“对……熟视无睹”。

)
⑤He’s blind as a bat without his glasses. (blind as a bat意为“完全看不见东西的”。

) land
The pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow. 此句中的land用作及物动词,意为“使着陆”,这是land的常用法之一。

The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea. 此句中的land用作名词,意为“陆地,大地”,这是land的常用法之二。

除了以上用法外,land还有其它用法。

如:
①Many farmers are leaving the land to work in industry. (the land意为“农村,农业”。

)
②The car will land you there in twenty minutes.(land用作动词,意为“使到达,把……送到某地”。

)
③He’s really landed himself in it this time. (land sb. / oneself in sth. 意为“使某人陷入困
境”。

)
④He wants to see how the land lies before taking any action.( how the land lies意为“事态,形势,概况”。

)
low
The sun is low in the sky. 此句中low用作形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,这是low的常用法。

low还有其它用法。

如:
①She’s been feeling rather low since her illness. (low用作形容词,意为“消沉的”。

)
②The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high. (low用作副词,意为“低价地,廉价地”。

)
③The gas is running low. (run low意为“几乎耗尽”。

)
lead
lead在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“引导,引诱”;用作形容词时意思为“领导的,领先的,带领的”。

除了教材中的用法外,lead还有以下几种用法。

Which road leads to the mountain? (lead用作动词,意思为“通向,通往”。

)
My grandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside. (lead用作动词,意思为“过某种生活”。

)
Not having a balanced diet can lead to health problems. (lead用作动词,意思为“导致”。

) Her brother took the lead in the high jump. (lead用作名词,意思为“领先地位”。

)
In this new film, she is the lead. (lead用作名词,意思为“主角”。

)
know
I’ve known David for 20 years.
I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.
The old man has known both poverty and wealth.
know在教材中的意思为“知道,了解”,作动词用。

在上面的三个句子中, know都作动词用,第一个know的意思为“认识”;第二个know的意思为“区分”;第三个know的意思为“亲身经历”。

join v.& n.
What club do you want to join?
此句中的join是及物动词,意为“加入,参加”,这是其最常见的用法。

另外它还有其它用法,如:
①The two rivers join at the bridge.(此句中的join是不及物动词,意为“会合,联合,相遇”。

)
②The two pieces were stuck together so well that we could hardly see the join.(此句中的join是名词,意为“连接处,接缝”。

)
interest
The money I borrowed from him was repaid with interest.
What he did was just to protect his own interests.
interest在教材中的意思为“兴趣”和“使感兴趣”,分别作名词和动词用。

上面句子中的两个interest都作名词用。

作“利息”讲时,为不可数名词;作“利益,好处”讲时,多用复数形式。

第一句可译为“我向他借的那笔钱是带息偿还的。

”;第二句可译为“他所做的一切仅仅是为了保护他自己的利益。

”
home
A lot of new homes are being built in the center of the town.
The home team took the lead after 25 minutes.
It’s time for hom e news.
home在教材中的第一个意思为“家”,作名词和副词用;第二个意思为“在家里做的”,作形容词用。

在上面的三个句子中,第一个home作名词用,意思为“住宅,房子”;其余的两个作形容词用,意思分别为“主场的”和“国内的”。

fail
If you don’t work hard, you may fail. 此句中fail意为“失败;不及格,没有通过考试”。

fail 还有其它用法。

如:
①He never fails to write to his mother every week.
(fail意为“忘记、忽视或未能做某事”。

)
②She has been failing in health.
(fail in意为“(健康状况)衰退”。

)
③His friends failed him when he most needed them.
(fail意为“使失望, 辜负”。

)
④I had three passes and one fail.
(fail用作名词,意为“考试不及格”。

)
⑤I’ll be there at two o’clock w ithout fail.
(without fail意为“肯定,一定,必定”。

)
fall
The leaves fall in autumn. 此句中fall用作动词,意为“落下,下降”,这是其常用法。

fall还有其它用法。

如:
①I had a fall and broke my arm. (fall用作名词,意为“跌落,掉下,降落”。

)
②Our holiday plans fell through because of bad weather. (fall through 意为“落空,未能实现,成为泡影”。

)
③My car is falling apart. (fall apart意为“破裂,破碎,散架”。

)
④We fell about (laughing) when we heard the joke. (fall about意为“无法控制地大笑”。

)
⑤Sam, please fall back on old friends in time of need. (fall back on意为“求助于,退到”。

) hold
The plane holds about 200 passengers.
Who holds the world record for the high jump?
hold在教材中的意思为“举行;召集;主持”,作动词用。

上面两个句子中的hold还是动词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“容纳”和“保持”。

film
大家都很熟悉film作名词时有“电影”的意思,除此之外film还有其它的意思。

I put a new roll of film in my camera. (film在此句中作名词,意思为“胶卷,胶片”。

)
It took them nearly a year to film this TV series. (film在此句中作动词,意思为“拍摄”。

)。