建环专业英语翻译

Southwest university of science and technology 专业英语翻译

学院名称：西南科技大学

专业名称：建筑环境与能源应用工程

学生姓名：

学号：

指导教师：

2015年 12 月

论文要求：

The final assignment:

To translate part of Introduction of an English academic article related to our mayor(refrigeration，heat and mass transfer, fluid dynamic, ventilation, new energy, etc.).

Requirements：

1.The translation partshould be No less than 300 English words.

2. The article should be published in the journals of the periodicals databases of ScienceDirect.

(https://www.360docs.net/doc/fc11989004.html,/science/journals).

3. The publish year of the article should be no earlier than 2010.

4. The article of each student should be different.

5. The final assignment includes: the cover page, the first page ofsource article, the translation part and its corresponding Chinese version.

打分标准：

理解准确,30%

语句通顺,30%

用词规范专业，40%。

Simulation of electricity generation by marine current turbines at Istanbul Bosphorus Strait

?Hasan Yazicioglu a,

?K.M. Murat Tunc b,

?Muammer Ozbek b, , ,

?Tolga Kara b

?a Technical University of Denmark, Department of Wind Energy, Denmark ?b Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Turkey

Received 9 July 2015, Revised 29 October 2015, Accepted 17 November

2015, Available online 24 December 2015

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.038

Highlights

?Simulations are performed for a 10MW marine turbine cluster located in Bosphorus.

?360 different simulations are performed for 15 different virtual sea states.

?8 different configurations are analyzed to find the optimum spacing between turbines.

?Annual energy yield and cluster efficiency are calculated for each simulation.

Abstract

In this work, several simulations and analyses are carried out to investigate the feasibility of generating electricity from underwater sea currents at Istanbul Bosphorus Strait. Bosphorus is a natural canal which forms a border between Europe and Asia by connecting Black Sea and Marmara Sea. The differences in elevation and salinity ratios between these two seas cause strong marine currents. Depending on the morphology of the canal the speed of the flow varies and at some specific locations the energy intensity reaches to sufficient levels where electricity generation by marine current turbines becomes economically feasible.

In this study, several simulations are performed for a 10 MW marine turbine farm/cluster whose location is selected by taking into account several factors such as the canal morphology, current speed and passage of vessels. 360 different simulations are performed for 15 different virtual sea states. Similarly, 8 different configurations are analyzed in order to find the optimum spacing between the turbines. Considering the spatial variations in the current speed within the selected region, the analyses are performed for three different flow speeds corresponding to ±10% change in the average value. For

each simulation the annual energy yield and cluster efficiency are calculated.

Keywords

?Renewable energy;

?Marine current turbine;

?Energy yield simulations;

?Cluster/farm optimization;

?Offshore engineering;

?Dynamic interactions

1. Introduction

The growing world population and rapid industrialization seen in developing countries cause a continuous increase in the global energy demand. Today the major source of energy comes from fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas. However, considering the rate of increase in the consumption, it can easily be realized that these limited sources cannot be a long term solution to satisfy the global energy demand and are definitely bound to run out. Besides, using fossil fuels as

primary source of energy has irreversible negative impacts on the environment which force many countries to seek for alternative environmental friendly renewable energy sources.

Turkey, as a rapidly growing economy with very limited national hydrocarbon resources, is also heavily dependent on fossil fuels (e.g. natural gas) imported for electricity production[1]. However, some recent political instabilities in the supplier countries, the heavy economic burden of importing these resources and the most importantly, the increasing awareness of environmental issues have been encouraging policy makers to increase the use of renewable energy sources. Indeed, very detailed investigations and analyses were performed to determine the wind, solar and geothermal energy capacity of the country [1]. However, the potential of harnessing some other renewable sources, particularly sea current energy has not been fully realized yet.

Compared to the other types of renewable energy such as wind and solar, current energy can still be considered in development phase and is not commercially available in large scales. Existing marine turbine systems are mostly in prototype testing stage. Although initial results are quite

promising [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]and [9

]some further verification for long term performance and durability under severe environmental conditions is still required.

The average current speed needed for most commercial turbines is approximately 4–5 knots (2–2.5 m/s). Areas that typically experience high marine current flows are in narrow straits, between islands and around headlands. Entrances to lochs, bays and large harbors often also have high marine current flows. Generally the resource is largest where the water depth is relatively shallow and a good tidal range exists [10].

The flow in Bosphorus does not originate from tidal currents but the differences in elevation and salinity ratios between two seas and wind and pressure variations [11]. The unique characteristics of the strait enable very high energy intensities to be reached at some locations and sections.

This paper aims at investigating the feasibility of generating electricity from the streams at Bosphorus by using marine current turbines. Extensive simulations and analyses are performed for a 10 MW marine turbine farm (10 – SeaGen 1 MW) where several important design parameters such as the size, orientation, depth and spacing of the turbines are

optimized according to the specific morphology and flow patterns seen at Bosphorus.

翻译

1.引言

发展中国家快速增长的人口和工业化进程造成了全球能源需求的持续增长。今天我们主要的能源来自诸如石油.煤和天然气一样的化石燃料。然而，考虑到消耗率在增加，它可以轻易实现这些有限的资源不能解决的长期问题，以满足全球能源的需要，并且这些有限的资源必然会被用尽。而且，使用化石燃料作为主要的能源会对环境产生不可逆转的消极影响，这就迫使许多国家正在寻找对环境友好的可再生资源。

作为经济快速发展和国家油气资源非常有限的国家，为了发电，土耳其严重依赖于化石燃料(天然气)的进口。然而，最近在一些供应商国家发生政乱，这就让资源的进口加重了土耳其的经济负担。环境危机意识开始鼓舞政策制定者提倡可再生资源的使用。事实上，每个详细的调查和分析都让土耳其决定用风能.太阳能，地热能资源代替化石燃料。然而，利用其他可再生资源的能力，特别是海洋流能至今还没有充分意识到。

相比其他类型的可再生能源，如风能和太阳能，海洋流能仍然还处于发展阶段，还没有大规模的被商业开发。现有的海洋涡轮机系统大多处于雏形测验阶段，初步的结果表明利用海洋涡轮机系统很有希望，但仍需要在严酷的环境条件下做长期性性能和耐久性性能检查。

大多数商业涡轮机所需的平均电流速度大约4—5节（2—2.5m/s）。通常经验高海洋电流流入的领域是在狭窄的海峡、岛屿之间及周边的海角。湖泊、港湾、大港口入口处经常也有高海洋电流流动。通常该资源最大的地方是水深较浅并且存在良好的潮差。

博斯普鲁斯海峡流不是来自潮流而是来自两海高程和盐度比值的差异以及风和气压变化之间的差异。海峡独特的特性使得在一些地方和路段要达到非常高的能量强度。

本文旨在研究博斯普鲁斯海峡流利用海洋电流汽轮机发电的可行性。大量的模拟和分析都执行用于一个10兆瓦船用涡轮机发电场（10 - 的SeaGen1兆瓦），其中几个重要的设计参数，如涡轮机的大小，方向，深度及间距根据出现在博斯普鲁斯海峡的特定形态和流动模式进行优化水轮机。