汉译英谓语的确定和否定翻译PPT课件

I agree with you on that point.
In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.
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汉语的谓语也是句子中的重要成分，但汉语 的谓语除了用动词充当，还可以用形容词、 名词或其他词语充当。
他买了一本书。 他是江苏人。 小王今年29岁。 南京的秋天很美。 我的老师今天不在学校。
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2 汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来
表达，英译时谓语时态要与原文一致；
新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济 也有了很大发展。
窗户玻璃打破了。
在教室里，有人问了老师许多问题。
今年要多考几个资格证。
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据说，他已经去了日本。
It is said that he has gone to Japan.
4、名词优势造成介词优势
He is at his books. 他在读书。 The machine is in operation. 机器正在运转。
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英汉语言宏观对比
5、用形容词或副词表达动词的意义 You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in
marrying. 你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。 He is out. 他出去了。
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这些时装模特逐渐镇定下来，有了自信。 These fashion models gradually calmed
down, restored self-confidence;
Gradually, these fashion models calmed down and regained self-confidence.
英汉语言宏观对比
静态与动态（ Static vs. Dynamic ）
➢ 英语倾向于多用名词，因而叙述呈静态 ➢ 汉语倾向于多用动词，因而叙述呈动态
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英汉语言宏观对比
➢ 英语的静态倾向表现在： 1、名词化
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
They enjoy traveling by train.
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英汉语言宏观对比
3、汉语动词常常重复或重叠 要吃有吃，要穿有穿。 You will have enough to eat and sufficient to put on. 说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。 Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the
中国经济将融入世界经济大潮。
The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.
The economy of China will converge with that of the world.
中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。
John is at home.
We gave him advice.
We consider that plan wonderful.
He has put the salt on the table.
The children might have been playing in the garden.
The central government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.
The central government has never intervened in
the affairs of the HKSA.R.
胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。
2、用名词表示施事者，以代替动词(大量由动词派生 的名词)
He is a good eater and a good sleeper.
他能吃能睡。
.Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
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英汉语言宏观对比
3、用名词代替形容词，构成标题式短语(名词连用) space shuttle flight test program 航天飞机试飞计划
children had a good time.
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句子翻译之谓语确定 汉语句子中否定表达的翻译
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句子翻译之谓语确定
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▪ 英汉谓语之比较
英语句子谓语只有动词和动词词组才能充当；
She was smiling.
He likes translation.
They have become health-conscious.
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英汉语言宏观对比
➢ 汉语的动态倾向表现在： 1、动词连用(连动式和兼语式句子)
他想办法摆脱了困境。(连动式)
He thought his way out of the dilemma.
我们请她唱歌。(兼语式)
We asked her to sing. 2、动词(词组)可以充当汉语句子的各种成分 他们喜欢乘火车旅行。(连动式词组做宾语)
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我常去北京。
I often go to Beijing.
他常去上海。
He often goes to Shanghai.
他昨天去了常州。
He went to Changzhou yesterday. 从这三个例子看出，汉语的谓语无形态变化，
而英语的谓语有变化。
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▪ 英译时谓语的确定
1 谓语确定应充分、贴切传达愿意；
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在英语句子中，作谓语的动词对句子其他成 分的形式和句子结构有很大影响。谓语受 主语支配，在人称和数上必须和主语一致。
He has put the salt( them) on the table.
汉语句子中主语和谓语只要求在语义上一致， 而无须在形式上对应。汉语句子中谓语不
受主语支配，没有人称、数和时态变化。
这座旅馆能接待300多个旅客。 This hotel can contain/accommodate over
three hundred passengers/guests.
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学校教育不仅要抓智育，更要重视德育。
Schools must provide students not only sound intellectual training, but, more importantly, moral development.