Partial Inversion部分倒装句
考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之倒装句
考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。
倒装有两种。
将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装(complete inversion)。
如Thenbegan a bitter war between the two countries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装(partial inversion)。
如At no time was the entranceleft unguarded.入口无时无人把守。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。
前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误，后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
例1Among the advantages that future biochips,or“living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for theparallel processing of information, making them faster than today?s semiconductor devices.分析：这是一个倒装句。
主语是以that引导的三个并列句：they are smaller, theydo:heat和theyallow:information,谓语动词是are, among:chips是表语。
that future:chips是advantages的定语从句。
英语语法 倒装句有哪些常见的类型
英语语法倒装句有哪些常见的类型倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊结构，它改变了正常的语序，将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前。
倒装句在英语中有多种常见的类型，下面将详细介绍每一种类型，并给出相应的例句。
1. 完全倒装句（Full Inversion）：完全倒装句是最常见的倒装句类型之一，它将谓语动词完全颠倒放在主语之前。
完全倒装句通常在以下情况下使用：-当以副词或短语开头时，如：never, rarely, seldom, little, not only, only, hardly, scarcely等。
例句：- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset before.- Rarely does he go out on weekends.-当以地点状语开头时，如：here, there, in, out等。
例句：- Here comes the bus.- Out rushed the children to play in the snow.-当以表示方向的副词或短语开头时，如：up, down, in, out, off等。
例句：- Down fell the rain from the dark clouds.- Off went the alarm, waking everyone up.-当以表示方式的副词或短语开头时，如：in this way, in that case, in no time等。
例句：- In this way can we solve the problem effectively.- In no time did he finish the exam.-当以否定词开头时，如：not, never, seldom, rarely等。
例句：- Not a single word did he say.- Seldom have I heard such beautiful music.2. 部分倒装句（Partial Inversion）：部分倒装句是倒装句的另一种类型，它将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，而谓语动词保持不变。
倒装语序
句子倒装英语句子语序通常有两种语序，一种是自然语序，另一种是倒装语序。
倒装也是语言中的一种强调手段，通常是为了突出语义或语法的需要而将正常语序中本应较晚出现的成分移至句首。
倒装有两种：“全部倒装”(Full Inversion) 和“局部倒装”(Partial Inversion)1、全部倒装(Full Inversion)1)、全部倒装指整个谓语出现在主语之前。
Eg: In side the parcel was a letter.Here is your car.In front of me stood a boy.2)、当一些如there, here, in, out, up, down, away等表示方位的副词、表示地点的介词短语以及如now, first, then等表示顺序的副词置于句首时，句子的主谓须倒装，此时的谓语动词常为be, stand, lie等表示位置的静态动词或为go, fall, roll等表示位置转移的动作词。
有时这类句子的主语相对较长，且常带有修饰语。
Eg: Here are some picture-books.There stands a big oak tree at the entrance of the village.Down came the bird.The door opened and in rushed a group of children, crying and laughing.3)、在系表结构中，当形容词、副词、介词短语以及用作表语的动词不定式置于句首时，句子的主谓须倒装。
此时的谓语动词常为be。
在这类倒装句中，主语一般长于其他成分，有时主语的结构较为复杂。
Eg: Equally inexplicable was his behavior towards his son.Die is the last thing I shall do, doctor.[注]上句中，作表语的动词不定式(to) die置于句首。
Partial Inversion(部分倒装)
常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的4个特殊句型 (1) Not only…but (also)…并列两个分句时，前句 Not only did I make a promise, but (also) I kept it. Not only does he like English, but (also) he learns it well.
否定或半否定意义的副词或介词短语：
(1) 否定意义系列：no, nowhere, not, never (2) 否定意义短语“绝不”系列：by no means, at no time, on no condition, in no way，on no account， under no circumstances, (3)半否定意义系列：little, few，seldom, rarely（几 乎不）, hardly, scarcely(几乎不）
Only Tom ____ the secret, but he wouldn’t tell us.
A. did he know B did know
C knew D does he know
only + 主语 放句首时，不倒装。
2.否定或半否定意义的副词或介词短语放句首
主句部分倒装
(1)I have never been to America before.
Never have I read such a book.
部分倒装句的结构和构成:
1.He seldom goes out for dinner.
Seldom does he go out for dinner. 2. I will lend money to him in no circumstances . In no circumstances will I lend money to him.
倒装(英语语法)
B 1.Only in this way ____ progress in your English. A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to make
2. ____ can you expect to get C a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
A 2. Next door to ours ____, who is no less than 90. A. lives a senior(年龄大的) man B. that lives a senior man C. does a senior man live D. where lives a senior man
C 1.____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
(5) 在as/though引起的让步状 语从句中，可以把从句中的表 语、状语或动词原型提到句首， 但是主语和谓语的位置不变。 如果表语中含有不定冠词，则 要省略不定冠词。
4. Not only ____ polluted but ____ C crowded. A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; were the streets C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were
特殊结构的用法总结与归纳倒装句省略句被动语态等特殊句型解析
特殊结构的用法总结与归纳倒装句省略句被动语态等特殊句型解析特殊结构是指在英语语法中，具有一定特殊用法或形式的句子结构。
这些特殊结构包括倒装句、省略句和被动语态等。
本文将对这些特殊句型进行总结与归纳，并解析其具体用法。
1. 倒装句（Inversion Sentences）倒装句是指将主语和谓语的语序颠倒的句型。
主要分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。
1.1 完全倒装（Full Inversion）完全倒装句的结构是将助动词、情态动词或者be动词放在句首，其后紧跟主语，再接上谓语动词。
例：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.Not only does she play the violin, but she also sings beautifully.1.2 部分倒装（Partial Inversion）部分倒装句通常在以下情况下使用：1）当表示否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时；2）当表示“只有”之类的副词或短语放在句首时；3）当表示“地方状语+副词”或“副词+副词”时。
例：Under no circumstances can you leave the classroom.Only in this way can we solve the problem.Upstairs in his room sat the boy.2. 省略句（Elliptical Sentences）省略句是指在句子中省略了某些成分，但读者或听者通过上下文仍能理解被省略的内容。
省略句可以简化表达，增强语言流畅性。
2.1 主语的省略当前后两个句子的主语一致时，可以省略第二个句子中的主语。
例：Mary is playing basketball. John is playing basketball too.→ Mary is playing basketball. So is John.2.2 谓语的省略在某些情况下，如果主语都一样，谓语动词可以省略。
英语倒装句的分类(根据不同角度)
一、根据倒装的形式来划分从倒装的形式来看，倒装可分为“完全倒装”（Complete Inversion）和“部分倒装”（Partial Inversion）。
完全倒装指的是将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。
如：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
（副词away置于句首引出的完全倒装）Back came the answer like lightning. 很迅速地就有答案了。
（副词back置于句首引出的完全倒装）By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。
（地点状语by the door 置于句首引出的完全倒装）部分倒装指的是只将助动词(包括情态助动词)移至主语之前构成的倒装。
如：In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。
（表否定意义的介词短语in no case置于句首引出的倒装）Can you put the children to bed? 你可以照顾孩子上床睡觉吗?（一般疑问句构成的倒装）Poor as he is, he is generous. 虽然他贫穷，但是他却慷慨。
（as引导让步状语从句构成的倒装）Where is the concert taking place? 音乐会在哪里举行?（特殊疑问句构成的倒装）Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here. 万一有人找我，让他在这里等我。
（虚拟条件句省略连词if后引出的倒装）二、根据倒装的使用目的来划分根据使用目的来分，倒装可分为“语法倒装”（Grammatical Inversion）和“修辞倒装”（Rhetorical Inversion）。
语法倒装就是指由于语法结构或表达习惯的需要而导致的倒装，这种倒装是强制性的，即非倒装不可，否则就会出现语法错误或语义的变化。
如：May I borrow your umbrella? 我可以借用您的雨伞吗?（一般疑问句构成的倒装）Don’t you speak to me like that!你别这样跟我讲话!（带主语的否定祈使句构成的倒装）Here comes Uncle Charlie. 查利叔叔来了。
倒装(Inversion)
(4) Neither…， nor…表示“…不…，…也 不…”
Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.
Neither is he foolish, nor is he lazy. (由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以前后 均需倒装)
(5) Not only…， but also…表示“不仅… 而且…” Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. Not only did he hear it, but he saw it as well.
B (3) Only _____can answer the question.
A. can he
B. he can
only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装 Only he can answer the question.
2. 否定副词 never, nor, not, little, hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely及表示否定意义的介词短语 at no time, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等至于句首时。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. Not a single mistake did he make.
Much as he likes the bike, he does not want to buy it. 注意：如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语， 省去冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.
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Partial Inversion部分倒装句November 1stLearning Aims:①Students will get a general concept of partial inversion.②Students learn to know when we can use partial inversion and try to make sentences with them.Step 1 Lead in- What is partial inversion?Task 1: 观察下列两组句子:1) She was moved at the news. (陈述句)→ Was she moved at the news? (部分倒装句)2)We shall never forget the exciting moment.→ Never shall we forget the exciting moment.3) He works so hard that he has made great progress in English.→So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English.总结:部分倒装是把谓语的一部分, 如______ ________ ________放到主语前。
小试牛刀观察下列句子，判断哪些句子是部分倒装句（write T / F）1. Do you want to have a second try? ( )2. May you live a happy life! ( )3. With your help, we solved the problem quickly. ( )4. So heavy is this bag that I can’t carry it.( )5. Not until you come back will we begin our party. ( )Step 2 Project Work- When do we use partial inversion?Task2：Reviewing the old①Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.②Only if you ask many questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.③Only then did he know the truth.④Only in this way can we improve our English.⑤Only when he returned home did we find out the truth.回顾总结:only +______,______,_______后的句子要进行部分倒装.练一练:完成句子1)只有在那时我才认识到健康的重要性。
______ then ______ I ________ the importance of my health.2)只有在1945年战争结束后他才得以回去工作。
______when the war was over in 1945 _____ he ____ ____get back to work.Step3 Project Work- When do we use partial inversion?Task 3：Presenting the new①Not a word did I say to him. ②Never have I found him so happy.③Little does he care about what I said.④Hardly could she believe her own eyes.⑤Seldom do I go to bed before 10 o’clock.⑥ Not until she saw the present did she feel delighted.⑦ By no means will his parents approve of his decision to go abroad.观察归纳:当表示_______(肯/否定) 意义的词或词组置于句首时要用部分倒装.同类的词/词组还有: few, not, no ；neither/nor, rarely(很少), scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, in no way（决不）, in no case （决不）;at no time（决不）等[高考链接]. (2010高考英语四川卷,9)We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______ about how they work．A．we think B．think weC．we do think D．do we think练一练:1) Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _____ his head.A. that he turnedB. did he turnC. he didn’t turnD. he had turned2) —Have you ever seen anything like that before? —No, _____ anything like that before.A. I never have seenB. never I have seenC. never have I seenD. I have seen3) Not a single mistake ____ in the dictation yesterday.A. did he makeB. made by himC. he madeD. he had madeTask 4: 观察下列句子:①I have never been abroad. Neither /Nor has he.②He went to college last year. So did I .☆③ He is the strongest boy in our class. So he is.观察归纳:So + 助/be/情态动词+主语表示表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）意思是__________ . Neither\ Nor +助/be/情态动词+主语表示前面所说的否定的情况也适用于另一人（或物）意思是_____________.★注:So + 主语+助/be/情态动词表示同意和肯定前面的看法，意思是______________巩固练习(完成句子)1)他不会跳舞,我也不会。
He can’t dance. _______________.2)今天很热,的确如此! It’s hot today. ______________.3) 我姐姐喜欢旅游, 我也一样. My sister likes traveling. _____________Task5: 观察下列句子:①Not only do I know her, but (also) I am her friend.②Neither have I seen him recently, nor have I heard from him.③ So proud was he that he never listened to any advice.→ So+ 形容词+ 其他that… ：如此…以至于…④Such a good boy is he that we all like him.→ Such +(（a/an）+形容词）+名词+其他+that…：如此…以至于…观察归纳：以上结构的句子，遵循“前倒后不倒”的表达：____________________;“前倒后也倒”的表达：____________________巩固练习(把下列句子改为倒装句)1）she is not only good at languages, but also at history._____ _____ ____ she good at languages, but also at history.2）He walked so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.____ ______ _____ he walk _____I couldn’t catch up with him.Task 6: 观察下列句子:①No sooner had he sat down than he heard someone knocking at the door.②Hardly had Father heard what I said when he burst into anger.③Scarcely had Tom arrived in China when he visited the Great Wall.观察归纳：在no sooner..than…;hardly/scarcely….when…（“一…就…” ）结构中，通常no sooner, hardly和scarcely 后的主句遵循“_________”（部分倒装/完全倒装;其后时态用___________；从句不倒装，从句时态用__________。
练一练:1. No sooner ____to the cinema ____the film began.A. had he got ,thanB. he had got, whenC. did he get ,thanD. had he got ,when2. _____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang.A. He hardly had; thenB. Hardly had he; whenC. He had not; thenD. Not had he; whenStep 4 SummaryStep 5 Consolidation in Class1）根据中文意思完成句子①Mary 不仅是个美丽而且又善良的女孩。
_____ _____ ____ _____a beautiful girl ____ ____ a kindhearted girl.②她很少坐公交车上学。