2011年中石油职称英语考试英语真题及答案
2011年中石油职称英语考试真题
2011年中石油职称英语水平考试试卷试卷类型：17答卷注意事项1.各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型（本页右上角）是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响考试成绩。
2.本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为9：00—11:00。
试卷一为客观选择题，在标准答题卡上用2B铅笔将所选答案划出。
试卷二为翻译题，将译文写在答案纸上，填上单位、姓名、准考证号、考场号、考点，以备核对总分。
3.试卷一为标准化考试，所有答案必须在标准化答题卡上划出，若答在试卷上不予评分，后果自负。
4.在填写标准化答题卡时应注意：1）在填写“姓名、单位、准考证号”等栏目时，应用钢笔或圆珠笔。
在填涂准考准考证号时，一律用2B铅笔划横线。
注意准考证号不要漏涂或涂错，否则客观题部分将无成绩，责任由考生自负。
2）试卷一答题时一律用2B铅笔，若用钢笔或圆珠笔答题均无效，请按答题卡上“正确填涂”的示范划横线，横线长度和宽度以方框为准，若划“√、○、/、\”等符号均为无效。
3）答题卡四角应保持平整，不应折角或皱卷，以免影响阅卷机工作。
4）如需更换答题卡时，应先用橡皮擦干净后，在划线答题。
5.试卷一为翻译试题，请根据参加考试的级别选择一段翻译，一律用钢笔和圆珠笔答在答题纸上。
字迹应尽量工整，用字规范，以免影响阅卷。
6.考场内考生只允许带2B铅笔、橡皮、尺子、钢笔或圆珠笔，其他词典、书本、资料和电子词典、BP机、手机、掌上电脑等工具一律不准带入场内。
7.遵守考场纪律，不得交头接耳、左顾右盼、抄带纸条等作弊行为，一经发现，立即清除出场，并由人事部门严肃处理。
I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. We go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimeswe_______ a movie.A. take inB. keep downC. take overD. take after2. The modern 7-inch long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in_______.A. gapB. intervalC. lengthD. distance3. A university is an educational institution which awards degrees and_______ research.A. carries outB. carries offC. carries aboutD. carries for4. The captain of the ship _______ the passengers that there was no danger.A. confinedB. insistedC. ensuredD. assured5. The speaker is the person who _______ a speech transaction.A. initialB. initiatesC. initiativesD. initiation6. Never one to _______ second best, John tried his best to solve the problem.A. admitB. acceptC. convinceD. receive7. The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being _______ continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.A. rehearsedB. revisedC. renewedD. retiled8. The suppliers undoubtedly will get rich at the_______ of the customers.A. expanseB. spendC. warrantD. expense9. When all the present oilfields are_______, its is possible that the North Pole may become the scene of oil activity.A. exhibitedB. exhaustedC. exploitedD. exposed10. The man _______ that most poets and scientists are male.A. deal withB. point outC. hold upD. hand on11.Whereas outside the USA, Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age can drink it on any_______ without embarrassment.A. choiceB. occasionC. occupationD. occurrence12. The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for noextra_______.A. expandB. offerC. priceD. charge13. A professional degree will_______ an average annual income of about twice that of college graduates.A. feel likeB. result inC. hold onD. keep to14. That caves of Altamira, which were_______ in northern Spain, contain interesting paintings by early cave dwellers.A. foundB. inventedC. discoveredD. created15. A green building is _______ to have reduced its environmental impact by 60% compared with an equivalent conventional building.A. establishedB. estimatedC. computedD. counter16. If you do not know the subject, you will not understand what is said or written, even if English is your mother_______.A. speakingB. languageC. sayingD. tongue17. You will find the figure of a conqueror or a general on all the highest _______ in the great cities of the world.A. pillowsB. pillarsC. columnsD. plugs18. Personal worth and self-esteem is the basis of a good_______ health.A. physicalB. mentalC. practicalD. natural19. If you suspect that the illness might be serious you shouldnot_______ going to the doctor.A. put offB. hold backC. put asideD. hold up20. You'll have to buy some new shoes as these are_______.A. used upB. wasted awayC. broken downD. worn outⅡ. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. I could see from his face that he_______ bad news.A. had receivedB. receivesC. receivedD. has received22. The peasants _______ their land.A. deprivedB. were deprivedC. deprived ofD. were deprived of23. He failed his exam, _______ proved that he wasn't working hard enough.A. whatB. whichC. thisD. of which24. So frightened _______ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was25. An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately _______ from Marathon to Athens.A. the distanceB. distanceC. the distance isD. is the distance26. All flights _______ because of the heavy storm, we decided to take the train.A. having canceledB. being canceledC. having been canceledD. canceled27. He preferred not to_______ with that group.A. identifyingB. identify himselfC. identifyD. being identified himself28. He speaks English, but not _______ his sister does.A. as good asB. as well likeC. so well asD. like well as29. My grandma noticed that the girl _______ a short-sleeved dress, so she gave the girl a new sweater.A. was wornB. was wearingC. wearsD. wearing30. Though_______ in New York, Peter had always preferred to record the plain facts of small town life.A. raisedB. was raisedC. raisingD. raises31. She walked softly_______ make any noise.A. as toB. not toC. not so as toD. so as not to32. It's no use_______ me. I don't know more than you do.A. in askingB. askingC. for me to askD. you ask33. We've bought a new house. We'll move in soon and we need to buy _______ furniture.A. some otherB. anotherC. otherD. others34. Please have your doctor _______ that prescription.A. signedB. to signC. signingD. sign35. A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn _______ act as they do.A. what to cause themB. what cause to themC. what causes them toD. causes them to what36. "Has he come back? .... Yes, he _______ back for three days.A. has comeB. had comeC. isD. has been37. Ecology, _______ the relationships between organisms and their environments, is also important in petroleum geology.A. the study ofB. it studyC. that studyD. studying38. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed flat, the earth _______ covered by water.A. would beB. would have beenC. would had beenD. would been39. Those _______ have six or more close friends are likely to describe themselves as "very happy".A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. they40. Some habits of_______ are incompatible with good health.A. my husbandB. my husbands'C. my husband'sD. my husbandsIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:The Antarctica treaty applies to all areas (the high seas excepted) below latitude 60 degrees south. This line, running around the globe some 2,000 miles from the South Pole itself, just misses the lower tip of South America, and is well below the Cape of Good Hope and New Zealand. There are a number of small islands between this line and the Antarctic continent, but the waters here are known to mariners as "the screaming Sixties" because there is so little obstruction to the world-circling winds.In contrast, in the northern hemisphere, the lands lying above the sixtieth parallel of latitude include much of Scandinavia, Siberia and Alaska, all of Greenland and Iceland, with a total population of several million. Great mountains help subdue the winds; a spur of the Gulf Stream and part of the Japan Current temper the frigid airs of this polar region. This, and the presence of the Arctic Ocean in the center of the great land mass, give the area a markedly different conformation and climate from that around the opposite pole.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps, yet soundings show that in some places the rock floor is below sea level. Actually, the ice accumulation is less than it was perhaps 1,000 years ago. Its seaward flow is not sovoluminous as it once was, and as a result there are patches of bare rock here and there along the coast and inland. They were scoured clear of soil ages ago, but one may sometimes find moss or lichens growing, though virtually no flowering plants.41. Unlike the North Pole, the South Pole is_______.A. not fixed in one positionB. the same as the South Magnetic PoleC. on land covered with iceD. on water42. The large area in the southern hemisphere is taken up by_______ .A. the major part of South AmericaB. oceansC. AustraliaD. Africa43. The makers of the Antarctic Treaty clearly wanted to _______.A. prevent the Russians from settling in AntarcticaB. prevent possession or control by any nationC. conserve its natural resourcesD. insure the safety of the natives of Antarctica44. Land animals on the Antarctic continent_______.A. are insects onlyB. are relics of the prehistoric pastC. are fur-bearing animals and cold-bloodedD. exist only in the fossil stateQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.) The majority of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved their point and say, "Give up smoking. If you don't smoke--don't start!" Some doctors and researchworkers--though their small number is decreased even further--are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They considerthe increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the human environment—atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substance in processed food, or chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. Apart from the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, small particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease, a narrowing of the small vessels in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to the amputation of limbs. While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a muchgreater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not decreased by the latter forms, and current research shows a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only reduce, not eliminate the hazards.45. What can we mainly get from the passage?A. Smoking is harmful to health.B. Women smokers are healthier than men smokers.C. The increased diseases have something to do with pollution.D. Smoking cigarettes is more harmful than smoking pipes.46. Cigarette smoking is believed by doctors to _______.A. reduce nervous stressB. causes lung and throat cancerC. make life shorter but excitingD. broaden the blood vessels47. Women smokers have a lower death rate than men smokers because_______.A. women smoke light cigarettesB. women smoke less cigarettesC. women's bodies can prevent nicotineD. women don't breathe in the smoke so deeply48. What is Beurger's disease?A. It is a kind of lung cancer.B. It happens in the hands and feet.C. It happens in the heart while smokingD. It is a kind of throat disease.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:From National to InternationalDo you have what it takes?It's our job to help you make that leap.The world is waiting. Are you ready?Is your small business ready to make that next step and expand abroad? A recent survey estimates that up to 40% of all small businesses are intending to do just that. Is your business making up this 40%? Making that move and expanding into the international market requires a different approach from the one you're used to. On a national level, it is often enough to sell the right products at the right price. Failure to adopt a different sales approach on the international market can often lead to failure as international customers expect different things. This is where we come in. The right knowledge and the right preparation can make all thedifference on the international level.The main aspects of the program we offer are:1. How can weaknesses be identified and reduced?2. How are cultural differences handled in the business world?3. In-depth knowledge of district law, how does it help?4. How can we target the right kind of international customers and how can we finance this bigger, more complicated international operation?5. What can be done to create a foolproof business plan?Cost of the course:$2,000 per person. If 4 or more people apply from the same company, then discounts can be arranged. Course times can be changed to accommodate your employees' schedule. This course is fully accredited by some top level colleges and universities.49. Who will most likely benefit from this course?A. Anybody not interested in business administrationB. A small international business managerC. An individual running a small companyD. Any owner of an international business hoping to go domestic50. Why is there a danger of an international business failure?A. The price of shipping is too high.B. It takes too long to deliver products.C. International customers do not speak the same language.D. The business owner cannot understand the local market.51. What is NOT listed in the advertised program?A. How to pay the international workforceB. The best way to study international lawC. Cultural diversities that must be known exactlyD. What we should learn from our deficiencies52. What is the main advantage of participating in this study program?A. International travelB. Fixed schedule for the employeesC. The availability of discounts of 20%D. Credits that can be transferred to university coursesQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:With the widespread and still growing use of personal computers, typing has become an indispensable part of our ordinary lives. As a result, many users now find they can't write even familiar words though they can type them quickly and correctly on a computer keyboard. To make matters worse, some people even forget how to write at all. Currently, 90 percent of students in America, a nationwhich has completely adapted to everyday use of computers and the Internet, are unable to write properly and clearly because they have been typing onto keyboards since early childhood. Many younger teachers also have trouble writing clearly on blackboard. A university student never imagined that he would lose the chance to get his first job because of his handwriting problem. Another student, for fear that she wouldn't be able to write well when doing the test papers for the university entrance examination, quit using a computer for two months before the exam."It is not surprising," an expert of psychological medicine said. "The occurrence can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, it's the result of social developments and the work needs of constant computer use. Secondly, it relates to introverted (内向的) personal character and lack of self-control abilities especially for those students who indulge in playing computer games."Experts also think that many activities on computers make people's thoughts simplified, which also affects their lives in other aspects, such as how they communicate with others and the way they think.Writing can strengthen human body's functions in psychology and physiology, which cannot be substituted by typing into acomputer. Relevant research indicates that inscribing or drawing something on paper can leave a deep impression in the language processing areas of the central nervous system in the brain. This process does not occur when typing on a computer.Experts' tips are arranging work time well and paying particular attention to not working in front of the screen for long periods of time and trying to read books and writing down something, such as keeping a diary or making notes with a pen regularly--it's a good way to strengthen the formation of words in one's memory. 53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage as a negative result of _______.a user's constant work at a computer?A. Harm for his physical conditions.B. Unsatisfactory personality.C. Problems in his communication with others.D. Deteriorated memory.54. According to the experts, _______.A. the user's problem in handwriting is helplessB. writing with a pen is also necessary besides typingC. computer users need more communication with othersD. there should be more healthful computer games available55. The word "tips" in the last paragraph means _______.A. warningsB. predictionsC. suggestionsD. analysis56. The title of this passage might be_______.A. Harms of Typing at the ComputerB. Keep Away From Your ComputerC. The Advantages of HandwritingD. Pick Up Your Pencils and WriteQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald started a driven-in restaurant in San Bemardino, California. They carefully chose a busy comer for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue restaurant, then another driven-in, but in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this minimal selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to that routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-servicerestaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches. Today McDonald's is literally a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.57. This passage is mainly about _______.A. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldB. how the brothers developed the routine for the preparation of their foodC. Ray Kroc's business abilitiesD. the development of fast-food services58. We can conclude from this passage that_______.A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became weakly because they sold their idea to KrocB. Ray Kroc was a good businessmanC. the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inD. seventy years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants59. The passage suggests that _______.A. creativity is an important element of successB. Ray Kroc spent long hours working in the first McDonald'sC. the McDonalds sold only fresh homegrown vegetablesD. California is the best place to go into business60. As used in Para.3, the word "franchise" means_______.A. to copyB. to grant a special rightC. to depriveD. to follow the exampleSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.About nine men in every hundred 61 from color blindness in some way; women are luckier—only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman. There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases, a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot 62 the difference between blue and green. In 63 cases, an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green--a 64 world indeed. Sometimes color blindness can be dangerous. For example, when in the forest 65 soldiers use 66 to signal to 67 . A green light may mean" 68 "and a 69 light may mean "Danger, keep back." You can seen what will 70 if somebody thinks that is green.61. A. fall ill B. suffer C. get D. lose62. A. tell B. say C. tall D. speak63. A. little B. less C. rare D. few64. A. beautiful B. ugly C. usual D. strange65. A. at the night B. at night C. at afternoon D. in the morning66. A. fire B. lights C. smoke D. flags67. A. another B. the other C. the enemy D. each other68. A. Advance B. Hazard C. On board D. Come back69. A. bright B. weak C. red D. deep green70. A. find B. cause C. happen D. disappearIV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级71.Earthquakes are the most terrible of all natural disasters. Asia has a history of huge earthquakes within its borders.What causes these earthquakes? To answer this question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. The earth's crust is composed of many different layers of rocks. These layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. On the contrary, areas of the earth's crust are irregular and weak.As a result of the great stress that is put on these parts of the crust, the rock beds fold down towards the earth's core, which results in unstable spots along the earth's crust. This instability results in breaks along the crust. When a break occurs, or when two different sides of the crust rub against each other, the result is an earthquake. Geologists would like to be able to predict earthquakes accurately by using laser beams, gravity-measuring devices and some otherdevices. Should predictions of a quake in the future be accurate, many people may be able to save both their lives and their property. B级。
中石油2011年职称英语1 至10课完形填空练习
通用英语水平考试1 至10课选词完形填空练习（ A ）2010--03--21hamburger; neither apple 1 pine in pineapple. English muffins weren’t invented in England nor were French fries invented in France. Sweetmeats are candies 2 sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we find 3 quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig. And 4 is it that writers write but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, why isn’t the plural of booth beeth? If you have one goose, two geese, why not one moose, two meese? 5 why do we have one index, two indices? Doesn’t it seem crazy that you can make amends but not make one amend, or that you can comb through the annals of history but not a single annal? If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of all but one of them, 6 do you call it? If teachers taught, why didn’t preachers praught? If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat? Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. In what other language do people 7 at a play and play at a recital; ship by truck and send 8 by ship; have noses that run and feet that smell; park on driveways and drive on parkways? How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and wise guy are opposites, and quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the 9 be hot as hell one day and cold as hell another? You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in 10 you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm clock goes 11 by going on. English was invented by people, 12 by computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human 13 . That is why, 14 the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind 15 my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I end it. ( B )I learned in Kindergarten most of what I really need to know 1live and what to do and how to be. Wisdom was not at the top 2 the graduate mountain, but in the sandpile at nursery school. These are the things I learned: Share everything. Play fair. Don’t hit people. Put things back 3 they found them. Clean up your own mess. Don’t take things 4 aren’t yours. Say you are sorry 5 you hurt somebody. Wash your hands 6 you eat. Warm cookies and cold milk are good 7 you. Live a balanced life. Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work 8 day some. Take a nap every afternoon. When you go out 9 the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and stick together. Be aware 10 wonder. Remember the little seed in the plasticcup? The roots go down and the plant goes 11 and nobody really knows how or why, but we are all like that. Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and 12 the little seed in the plastic cup – they all die. So do we. And then remember the book about Dick and Jane and the first word 13 you learned, the biggest word of all: Look. Everything you need to know is in 14 somewhere. The Golden Rule and love and basic sanitation. Ecology and politics and sane living. Think of what a better world it would be 15 we all –the whole world –had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon and then lay down 16 our blankets for a nap. Or if we had a basic policy in our nations to always put things 17 where we found them and cleaned up our own messes. And it is still true, no matter how old you are, when you go out 18 the world, it is better to hold hands and stick together. ( C )Mobile office has become a solution that provides users 1 convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime 2 the support of mobile interconnection platform (MIP) and its applications systems. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people 3 do their work anywhere anytime, can send and receive data via terminals 4 as mobile phone, and palm computer, and PDA, and can 5 the Internet. Integrating the Internet and mobile interconnections network, and providing powerful applications support capacity 6 wireless interconnection, mobile interconnection platform (MIP) is an important network support technology 7 accomplish mobile office. By the way, MIP is the abbreviation of Mobile Interconnection Platform, WAP is the abbreviation 8 Wireless Access Pact, and PDA is 9 abbreviation of Personal Digital Assistant. Mobile office has provided people 10 convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it 11 has some unsatisfactory 12 such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical 13 , people can certainly overcome all kinds of 14 . Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely 15 communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and 16 enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.( D )No matter 1 you're going or 2These tips will help you make the 3 of any urban adventure. Before you arrive, read a city guidebook. Some are even specially designed 4 a 24-hour visit! If you don't want to buy one, just look 5 the guidebooks in a store. They can give you hints 6 how to plan your trip. Search the Internet. Websites 7 as and Economist. com provide information on cities 8 the world.Blogs can also be a good source 9 information. They give you a chance to learn 10 others' travel experiences. Some companies, 11 National Geographic, offer audio walking tours, 12 can be downloaded from the Internet. Once you arrive, these free podcasts will turn your MP3 player 13 a tour guide! They will help you explore the city 14 foot. Doing research 15 you arrive will help you experience the city's claim 16 fame. Whether it's a landmark, a shopping area, or a river --- you should see it. When you arrive, if possible, pick up a free city map at the airport, train station or your hotel. Visit the city's tourism office, 17 will provide other valuable information. Sometimes locals post notices there offering tours or other services. Carry the hotel's business card or write down the address and phone number. Take note 19 the neighborhood around your hotel. It will be helpful when you return. For your first adventure, take a city bus that drives in a circle 20 the downtown area. It's a good cheap way to see important landmarks. It will also help you understand the city's layout. While 21 the bus, write down places that interest you so that you can visit them later.( E )anything 1 we desire. We buy lottery tickets, enter contests or 2 hours building a business or playing the stock market. We're sure 3 when we have plenty of money, we will be happy. But will we? While having some money does have an 4 on our level of happiness, having a lot of money docs not. People in the United States 5 income goes from US$20,000 a year to US$50,000 a year are more likely to be happy. But 6 USS50.000, happiness does not increase as salaries go up. Why is that? It's because we are never satisfied. We always think that if we just had a little more money, we'd be happier. But when we get 7 , we're not. The more you make, the more you want. The more you have, the less it brings you joy. We incorrectly assume 8 we'll get more pleasure from more, and we don't. The things 9 money can buy don't make you happy, either. A lot of research suggests that you won't find the good life 10 buying expensive toys. You finally buy that BMW you've always wanted and it soon loses its appeal. Then, instead 11 wondering if a new car is what really makes you happy, you decide that you just need a different new car. It's an endless cycle. To really be happy, you need to understand 12 makes you happy in the first place. One secret of happiness: people. Surveys have found that people need people. Those 13 have five or more close friends are 50 percent more likely to describe themselves as "very happy." Good relationships have a far greater effect 14 happiness than large raises in salary. If you're looking 15 happiness in life, find the right husband or wife rather than trying to double your salary. So please invest your time and energy 16 people. The payoff is much bigger in 17 of happiness!( F )The American concept of love and romance begins 1 dating. Young people date 2 several ways. At first they might have group dates 3 several boys and girls together. Later, they start going 4 single dates --- just one boy and one girl. Sometimes a boy and a girl will go 5 a movie. Maybe they will go to a party 6 a friend's house. Or they might go out to eat. When two couples go out together, it's called double dating. A friend might even arrange a blind date 7 you with someone 8 you don't know. That doesn't mean you keep your eyes closed the whole evening! You just don't know 9 your partner will be until the time of the date. If someone asks you out on any kind 10 date, and you don't want to go, you may politely say, "No, thanks." Americans view dating differently 11 people in other culture. American young people see a date 12 a time just to have fun. They don't always have a romantic interest 13 mind. Someone may go out with one person this week, and another person the next. After a 14 , a boy and a girl may decide 15 they want to go steady. This means that they think of each other 16 boyfriend and girlfriend. It also means that they don't want to date anyone 17 . Romance is beginning to bloom. Romantic love is very much a part of American culture. Movies, TV shows and books in America 18 picture people falling in love at first sight. Americans know 19 no romance is perfect, but still they try to find the 20 person. Actually, love is a part of every culture, not just American culture. People all 21 the world search for happiness in a loving relationship. On the 14 of every February the 22 country breaks out with little red hearts. Maybe love does make the world go around.( G )Although recent years have seen substantial reductions 12 individual motor vehicles, the number3 such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities4 the United States still have levels5 carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone. It is believed that ozone is generated6 photochemical reactions7 hydrocarbons8 vehicle exhaust,9 exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization 10 the only effective way 11 achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions –short of a massive shift 12 from the private automobile –is to replace conventional diesel fuel 13 gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels 14 molecules are smaller and simpler than 15 of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer carbon-carbon bonds. And the hydrocarbons 16 they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series 17 reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and they are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbons 18 the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels 19 have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require 20 vehicles should have a set of heavyfuel tanks, which is a serious liability in 21 of performance and fuel efficiency. And liquefied petroleum gas 22 fundamental limits on supply. ( H )They are the principles 1 which my wife and I have tried to bring 2 family. They are the principles 3 which my father believed and 4 which he governed his life. They are the principles which I learned 5 my mother's knee. They point the way 6 usefulness and happiness 7 life, to courage and peace in death. If they mean to you 8 they mean to me, they may perhaps be helpful also to our sons 9 their guidance and inspiration. Let me state them: I believe in the supreme worth 10 the individual and in his right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. I believe 11 every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity implies 12 obligation; every possession implies a duty. I believe that the law was made 13 man and not man for the law; that government is the servant of the people and not their master. I believe in the dignity of labor, whether 14 head or hand; I believe that the world owes no man a living but I believe that it owes 15 man an opportunity to make a living. I believe that thrift is essential to well-ordered 16 and I believe that economy is a prime requisite of a sound financial structure, 17 in government, business, or personal affairs. I believe that truth 18 justice are fundamental to an enduring social order. ( I )1sometime 2 your life. When it does, you want to be ready. But 3 if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain 4 studying public speaking. Your speech class will give you training 5 researching topics, organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully. The training is invaluable for every type 6 communication. There are many similarities between public speaking 7 daily conversation. The three major goals of speaking --- to inform, to persuade, to entertain --- are also the three major goals 8 everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking 9 it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You 10 your message to your audience. You tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt 11 feedback from your listener. These are 12 the most important skills you will need for public speaking. Of course, public speaking is also different 13 conversation. First, public speaking is more highly structured 14 conversation. It usually imposes strict time limitations 15 the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than 16 ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to speeches loaded 17 slang, jargon, and bad grammar. Third, public speaking demands a different method of delivery. Effective speakers adjust their voices 18 the larger audience and work 19 avoiding distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits. The speechcommunication process 20 a whole includes seven elements --- speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and situation. The speaker is the person who initiates a speech transaction. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent 21 means of a particular channel. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide feedback to the speaker. Interference is anything 22 impedes the communication of a message, and the situation is the time and place 23 which speech communication occurs. The interaction of these seven elements is what determines the outcome 24 any instance of speech communication.( J )What is a gentleman? He is one 1both refined and, as 2 as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles 3 hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him; and he concurs 4 their movements rather than takes the initiative himself. His benefits may be considered as parallel to 5 are called comforts or conveniences in arrangements of a personal nature: like an easy chair or a good fire, which do their part in dispelling cold and fatigue, 6 nature provides both means of rest and animal heat without them. The true gentleman, in 7 manner, carefully avoids whatever may cause a jar or jolt in the minds 8 those with whom he is cast; --- he carefully avoids all clashing of opinion, or collision of feeling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom, or resentment; his great concern being to make every one at their ease and 9 home. He has his eyes 10 all his company: he is tender towards the bashful, gentle towards the distant, and merciful towards the absurd; he can recollect to 11 he is speaking; he guards against unseasonable allusions, or topics which may irritate; he is seldom prominent in conversation, and never wearisome. He makes light of favors 12 he does them and seems to be receiving when he is conferring. He never speaks of himself except 13 compelled, never defends himself by a mere retort, he has no ears 14 slander or gossip, he is scrupulous in imputing motives to those 15 interfere with him, and interprets everything for the best. He is never mean or little in his disputes, never takes unfair advantage, never mistakes personalities or sharp saying 16 arguments, or insinuates evil which he dare not say out. From a long-sighted prudence, he observes the maxim of the ancient sage, 17 we should ever conduct ourselves towards our enemy as if he were one day to be our friend.( K )2. His work this week hasn’t been up to his usual . Dad is a bit disappointed.3. The most job you could do is to become a doctor or a nurse.4. There are more colorful for women to choose from in this shop.5. Yunnan Province is famous for its industry, bringing in much money.6. Snow is in some countries, such as Cuba, Indonesia and Fiji.7. Please look after my house during my from Dushanzi, will you?8. A watchful eye on officials is important as it’s easy to one’s power.9. I’m sorry; I have no method to make to my guests.10. The tooth has been nagging at me for a whole week.11. It struck me that I have an important with my boyfriend this morning.12. Fresh shoots will be on the market this month. They are tasty.13. The slanted做斜面the roof to allow water to run off. So clever!14. His prevent him from holding a job and has to depend on his wife.15. The government will the building of the new roads with the taxes it collects.16. There are just too many things all my attention at once.17. She devoted herself to her research, which earned her a good reputation. 47—60课仿真测试题答案01—20: CDBAD CBABC DCBAB DDDAD21—40: DCBAB CDCBA BCDDC BABCA41—60: DCBAC BDAAB CACCB ABACD61—70: BCDDC CBAAD71题译文：产品促销指的是不同于广告、个人销售和公开宣传的奖励性营销活动。
2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解2
2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析(理工类C级) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．C 【解析】题意：格林在剑桥度过了短暂的时光。
划线词词义是“短暂的”。
A项hard意为困难的；例句：I know this is too hard for you．我知道这对你来说太难了。
B项good意为好的；例句：He is a good mail．他是一个好人。
C项short意为短暂的；例句：Why did you just rest a short time?为什么你只休息了这么短时间? D项long意为长的。
例句：She spent a long time with her parents．她跟她的父母待了很长的时间。
很明显C项正确。
2．B 【解析】题意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。
划线词词义是“承认”。
A项reported意为报道；例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．这次事故据报道有20人死亡。
B项admitted意为承认；例句：Of course，part of the challenge is her admitted difficulty with acting in English．当然，一部分困难是她自己承认的用英语表演的困难。
C项hoped意为希望；例句：Things are not moving as fast as we hoped．事情的进展不像我们希望的那么快。
D项answered意为回答。
例句：The question is simple enough to answer．这个问题很简单，容易回答。
很明显B项正确。
3．C 【解析】题意：我的医生说我应该饮食多样化。
2011职称英语等级考试真题(综合类C级)
2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类C级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有短横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．His shoes were shined to perfection.A．cleared B．polished C．washed D．mended2．She can be relied on in a crisis.A．looked after B．believed in C．turned on D．depended on 3．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A．admitted B．reported C．hoped D．answered4．The test produced disappointing results.A．unsatisfactory B．indirect C．similar D．positive5．My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A．change B．prepare C．cook D．choose6．Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.A．hard B．good C．short D．long7．The book took ten years of thorough research.A．basic B．careful C．social D．major8．The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A．effort B．problem C．influence D．concern 9．Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.A．Certainly B．Luckily C．Naturally D．Finally10．The love of money is the root of all evil.A．result B．end C．cause D．force11．We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A．offered B．investigated C．included D．accepted12．His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A．idea B．energy C．aim D．order13．A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.A．suggested B．tested C．used D．announced 14．They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A．reduced B．turned C．moved D．reformed 15．Things have changed a lot since I was a child.A．gradually B．suddenly C．frequently D．greatly第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011中石油职称英语考试及答案
2011年中石油职称英语考试英语真题及答案（试卷类型：17）I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. We go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we __ a movie.(28)A. take inB. keep downC. take overD. take after2. The modern 7-inch long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in__(44)A. gapB. intervalC. lengthD. distance3. A university is an educational institution which awards degrees and __ research.A. carries outB. carries offC. carries aboutD. carries for4. The captain of the ship __ the passengers that there was no danger.A. confinedB. insistedC. ensuredD. assured5. The speaker is the person who __ a speech transaction.(9)A. initialB. initiatesC. initiativesD. initiation6. Never one to __ second best, John tried his best to solve the problem.A. admitB. acceptC. convinceD. receive7. The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being __ continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.(55)A. rehearsedB. revisedC. renewedD. retiled8. The suppliers undoubtedly will get rich at the ___ of the customers.(45)A. expanseB. spendC. warrantD. expense9. When all the present oilfields are__ , its is possible that the North Pole may become the scene of oil activity.(46)A. exhibitedB. exhaustedC. exploitedD. exposed10. The man __ that most poets and scientists are male.A. deal withB. point outC. hold upD. hand on11.Whereas outside the USA, Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age can drink it on any__ without embarrassment.(17)A. choiceB. occasionC. occupationD. occurrence12. The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra__(17)A. expandB. offerC. priceD. charge13. A professional degree will __ an average annual income of about twice that of college graduates.A. feel likeB. result inC. hold onD. keep to14. That caves of Altamira, which were __ in northern Spain, contain interesting paintings by early cave dwellers.A. foundB. inventedC. discoveredD. created15. A green building is __ to have reduced its environmental impact by 60% compared with an equivalent conventional building.(60)A. establishedB. estimatedC. computedD. counter16. If you do not know the subject, you will not understand what is said or written, even if English isyour mother __A. speakingB. languageC. sayingD. tongue17. You will find the figure of a conqueror or a general on all the highest __ in the great cities of the world.(29)A. pillowsB. pillarsC. columnsD. plugs18. Personal worth and self-esteem is the basis of a good __ health.(33)A. physicalB. mentalC. practicalD. natural19. If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not __ going to the doctor.A. put offB. hold backC. put asideD. hold up20. You'll have to buy some new shoes as these are __A. used upB. wasted awayC. broken downD. worn outII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. I could see from his face that he__ bad news.A. had receivedB. receivesC. receivedD. has received22. The peasants __ their land.A. deprivedB. were deprivedC. deprived ofD. were deprived of23. He failed his exam, __ proved that he wasn't working hard enough.A. whatB. whichC. thisD. of which24. So frightened __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was25. An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately__ from Marathon to Athens.A. the distanceB. distanceC. the distance isD. is the distance26. All flights __ because of the heavy storm, we decided to take the train.A. having canceledB. being canceledC. having been canceledD. canceled27. He preferred not to__ with that group.A. identifyingB. identify himselfC. identifyD. being identified himself28. He speaks English, but not __ his sister does.A. as good asB. as well likeC. so well asD. like well as29. My grandma noticed that the girl __ a short-sleeved dress, so she gave the girl a new sweater.A. was wornB. was wearingC. wearsD. wearing30. Though in New York, Peter had always preferred to record the plain facts of small town life.A. raisedB. was raisedC. raisingD. raises31. She walked softly __ make any noise.A. as toB. not toC. not so as toD. so as not to32. It's no use__ me. I don't know more than you do.A. in askingB. askingC. for me to askD. you ask33. We've bought a new house. We'll move in soon and we need to buy __ furniture.A. some otherB. anotherC. otherD. others34. Please have your doctor __ that prescription.A. signedB. to signC. signingD. sign35. A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn __ act as they do.A. what to cause themB. what cause to themC. what causes them toD. causes them to what36. "Has he come back? .... Yes, he __ back for three days.A. has comeB. had comeC. isD. has been37. Ecology, __ the relationships between organisms and their environments, isalso important in petroleum geology.A. the study ofB. it studyC. that studyD. studying38. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed flat, the earth __ covered by water.A. would beB. would have beenC. would had beenD. would been39. Those __ have six or more close friends are likely to describe themselves as "very happy".A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. they40. Some habits of__ are incompatible with good health.A. my husbandB. my husbands'C. my husband'sD. my husbandsand use. The Antarctica treaty applies to all areas (the high seasexcepted) below latitude 60 degrees south. This line, running around the globe some2,000 miles from the South Pole itself, just misses the lower tip of South A merica,and is well below the Cape of Good Hope and New Zea land. There are a number ofsmall islands between this line and the Antarctic continent, but the waters here areknown to mariners as "the screaming Sixties" because there is so little obstruction tothe world-circling winds.In contrast, in the northern hemisphere, the lands lying above the sixtiethparallel of latitude include much of Scandinavia, Siberia and Alaska, all ofGreenland and Iceland, with a total population of several million. Great mountainshelp subdue the winds; a spur of the Gulf Stream and part of the Japan Currenttemper the frigid airs of this polar region. This, and the presence of the Arctic Oceanin the center of the great land mass, give the area a markedly different conformationand climate from that around the opposite pole.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice.In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps, yetsoundings show that in some places the rock floor is below sea level.Actually, the ice accumulation is less than it was perhaps 1,000 years ago. Itsseaward flow is not so voluminous as it once was, and as a result there are patches ofbare rock here and there along the coast and inland. They were scoured clear of soilages ago, but one may sometimes find moss or lichens growing, though virtually no flowering plants.41. Unlike the North Pole, the South Pole isA. not fixed in one positionB. the same as the South Magnetic PoleC. on land covered with iceD. on water42. The large area in the southern hemisphere is taken up byA. the major part of South AmericaB. oceansC. AustraliaD. Africa43. The makers of the Antarctic Treaty clearly wanted toA. prevent the Russians from settling in AntarcticaB. prevent possession or control by any nationC. conserve its natural resourcesD. insure the safety of the natives of Antarctica44. Land animals on the Antarctic continentA. are insects onlyB. are relics of the prehistoric pastC. are fur-bearing animals and cold-bloodedD. exist only in the fossil stateQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (1970 figures).This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of A merican men s moke compared with 34% of A merican women.Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat. Male cigarette s mokers have a higher death rate from heart disease thannon-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.) The majority of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved their point and say, "Give up smoking. If you don't smoke--don't start!"Some doctors and research workers--though their small number is decreasedeven further--are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the human environment--atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substance in processed food, or chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to bestati stically irrelevant.Apart from the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, s mall particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease, a narrowing of the small vessels in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to the amputation of limbs.While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not decreased by the latter forms, and current research shows a causal relationship between all forms of s moking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make s moking to some extent safer, but they can only reduce, not eliminate the hazards.45. What can we mainly get from the passage?A. Smoking is harmful to health.B. Women s mokers are healthier than men s mokers.C. The increased diseases have something to do with pollution.D. Smoking cigarettes is more harmful than smoking pipes.46. Cigarette smoking is believed by doctors to __A. reduce nervous stressB. causes lung and throat cancerC. make life shorter but excitingD. broaden the blood vessels47. Women smokers have a lower death rate than men s mokers because __A. women smoke light cigarettesB. women s moke less cigarettesC. women's bodies can prevent nicotineD. women don't breathe in the smoke so deeply48. What is Beurger's disease?A. It is a kind of lung cancer.B. It happens in the hands and feet.C. It happens in the heart while s mokingD. It is a kind of throat disease.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:From National to InternationalDo you have what it takes?It's our job to help you make that leap.The world is waiting. A re you ready?Is your small business ready to make that ne xt step and expand abroad? A recent survey estimates that up to 40% of all small businesses are intending to do just that. Is your business making up this 40%? Making that move and expanding into the international market requires a different approach fi.om the one you're used to. On anational level, it is often enough to sell the right products at the right price. Failure to adopt a different sales approach on the international market can often lead to failure as international customers expect different things. This is where we come in. The right knowledge and the right preparation can make all the difference on the international level.The main aspects of the program we offer are:1. How can weaknesses be identified and reduced?2. How are cultural differences handled in the business world?3. In-depth knowledge of district law, how does it help?4. How can we target the right kind of international customers and how can we finance this bigger, more complicated international operation?5. What can be done to create a foolproof business plan?Cost of the course:$2,000 per person. If 4 or more people apply from the same company, then discounts can be arranged. Course times can be changed to accommodate your employees' schedule. This course is fully accredited by some top level colleges and universities.49. Who will most likely benefit from this course?A. Anybody not interested in business administrationB. A small international business managerC. An individual running a small companyD. Any owner of an international business hoping to go domestic50. Why is there a danger of an international business failure?A. The price of shipping is too high.B. It takes too long to deliver products.C. International customers do not speak the same language.D. The business owner cannot understand the local market.51. What is NOT listed in the advertised program?A. How to pay the international workforceB. The best way to study international lawC. Cultural diversities that must be known exactlyD. What we should learn from our deficiencies52. What is the main advantage of participating in this study program?A. International travelB. Fixed schedule for the employeesC. The availability of discounts of 20%D. Credits that can be transferred to university coursesQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:With the widespread and still growing use of personal computers, typing has become an indispensable part of our ordinary lives. As a result, many users now find they can't write even familiar words though they can type them quickly and correctly on a computer keyboard. To make matters worse, some people even forget how to write at all. Currently, 90 percent of students in America, a nation which has completely adapted to everyday use of computers and the Internet, are unable towrite properly and clearly because they have been typing onto keyboards since early childhood. Many younger teachers also have trouble writing clearly on blackboard.A university student never imagined that he would lose the chance to get his first job because of his handwriting problem. Another student, for fear that she wouldn't be able to write well when doing the test papers for the university entrance examination, quit using a computer for two months before the exam."It is not surprising," an expert of psychological medicine said. "The occurrence can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, it's the result of social developments and the work needs of constant computer use. Secondly, it relates to introverted (~ Ih] ~) personal character and lack of self-control abilities especially for those students who indulge in playing computer games."Experts also think that many activities on computers make people's thoughts simplified, which also affects their lives in other aspects, such as how they communicate with others and the way they think.Writing can strengthen human body's functions in psychology and physiology, which cannot be substituted by typing into a computer. Relevant research indicates that inscribing or drawing something on paper can leave a deep impression in the language processing areas of the central nervous system in the brain. This process does not occur when typing on a computer.Experts' tips are arranging work time well and paying particular attention to not working in front of the screen for long periods of time and trying to read books and writing down something, such as keeping a diary or making notes with a pen regularly--it's a good way to strengthen the formation of words in one's memory.53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage as a negative result ofa user's constant work at a computer?A. Harm for his physical conditions.B. Unsatisfactory personality.C. Problems in his communication with others.D. Deteriorated memory.54. According to the experts, __A. the user's problem in handwriting is helplessB. writing with a pen is also necessary besides typingC. computer users need more communication with othersD. there should be more healthful computer games available55. The word "tips" in the last paragraph means __A. warningsB. predictionsC. suggestionsD. analysis56. The title of this passage might be ....A. Harms of Typing at the ComputerB. Keep Away FromYour ComputerC. The Advantages of HandwritingD. Pick Up Your Pencils and WriteQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald started a driven-in restaurant in San Bemardino, California. They carefully chose a busy comer for their location.They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue restaurant, then another driven-in, but in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this minimal selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they ins isted on their cooks' sticking to that routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he wasselling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches. TodayMcDonald's is literally a household name. Its names for its sandwicheshave come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern A merican business history.57. This passage is mainly about __A. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldB. how the brothers developed the routine for the preparation of their foodC. Ray Kroc's business abilitiesD. the development of fast-food services58. We can conclude from this passage that __A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became weakhy because they sold their ideato KrocB. Ray Kroc was a good businessmanC. the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularityof their drive-inD. seventy years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants59. The passage suggests that __A. creativity is an important element of successB. Ray Kroc spent long hours working in the first McDonald'sC. the McDonalds sold only fresh homegrown vegetablesD. California is the best place to go into business60. As used in Para.3, the word "franchise" meansA. to copyB. to grant a special rightC. to depriveD. to follow the exampleSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there arefour choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.About nine men in every hundred 61 from color blindness in some way;women are luckier--only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman.There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases, a man may not beable to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot 62 the difference between blue and green. In 63cases, an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green--a 64 worldindeed.Sometimes color blindness can be dangerous. For example, when in the forest65 soldiers use 66 to signal to 67. A green light may mean" 68 "and a 69light may mean "Danger, keep back." You can seen what will 70 if somebodythinks that is green.61. A. fall ill B. suffer C. get D. lose62. A. tell B. say C. tall D. speak63. A. little B. less C. rare D. few64. A. beautiful B. ugly C. usual D. strange65. A. at the night B. at night C. at afternoon D. in the morning66. A. fire B. lights C. s moke D. flags67. A. another B. the other C. the enemy D. each other68. A. Advance B. Hazard C. On board D. Come back69. A. bright B. weak C. red D. deep green70. A. find B. cause C. happen D. disappearIV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.71.（第34 课：地震时刻）Earthquakes are the most terrible of all natural disasters. Asia has a history ofhuge earthquakes within its borders.What causes these earthquakes? To answer this question we must firstunderstand some things about the earth itself. The earth's crust is composed of many different layers of rocks. These layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. On the contrary, areas of the earth's crust are irregular and weak. As a result of the great stress that is put on these parts of the crust, the rock beds fold down towards the earth's core, which results in unstable spots along the earth's crust. This instability results in breaks along the crust. When a break occurs, or when two different sides of the crust rub against each other, the result is an earthquake. Geologists would like to be able to predict earthquakes accurately by usinglaser beams, gravity-measuring devices and some other devices. Should predictionsof a quake in the future be accurate, many people may be able to save both theirlives and their property.。
2011年职称英语(综合类)C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年职称英语（综合类）C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．His shoes were shined to perfection.A．clearedB．polishedC．washedD．mended正确答案：B解析：本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不明显。
查词典，找到shine的引申意思“擦亮”，选项里只有polish有擦亮鞋的意思，所以确定答案不难。
本题是送分题。
2．She can be relied on in a crisis.A．looked afterB．believed inC．turned onD．depended on正确答案：D解析：本题有一定难度，B的干扰性最大，但在确定词的精确意义后，可以发现，relied on和depended on都是”可以依靠的”意思，所以D是最佳答案。
3．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A．admittedB．reportedC．hopedD．answered正确答案：A解析：本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不大，是送分题，可以确认，confessed 和admitted都是“承认”的意思，所以最佳答案是A。
4．The test produced disappointing results.A．unsatisfactoryB．indirectC．similarD．positive正确答案：A解析：本题难度不大，也是送分题，可以确认disappointing和unsatisfactory 都是“失望的，让人不满意的”意思，所以最佳答案是A。
5．My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A．changeB．prepareC．cookD．choose正确答案：A解析：本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不大，是送分题，可以确认vary和change 都是“变化”的意思，答案是A。
中石油2011年职称英语21至30课完形填空仿真测试题
通用英语水平考试21至30课选词完形填空题命题：张福华2010年3月20日( A )She chattered little girl talk 1other things. When I left for home, Wendy said it had been a happy day. Feeling surprisingly better, I smiled 2 her and agreed. Three weeks later, I rushed to my beach in a state 3 near panic. I was 4 no mood to even greet Wendy. I thought I saw her mother 5 the porch and felt like demanding she keep her child at home. “Look, if you don't mind,” I said crossly when Wendy caught 6 with me, “I'd rather be alone today.” She seems unusually pale and 7 of breath. “Why?” she asked. I turned 8 her and shouted, “Because my mother died!” --- and thought, my God, why was I saying this to a little child? “Oh,” she said quietly, “then this is a bad day.”“Yes, and yesterday and the day before and --- oh, go 9 !”“Did it hurt?”“Did what hurt?” I was exasperated 10 her, with myself. “When she died?”“Of course it hurt!” I snapped, misunderstanding, wrapped up in myself. I strode 11 . A month or so after that, when I next went to the beach, she wasn't there. Feeling guilty, ashamed and admitting to myself that I missed her, I went up to the cottage 12 my walk and knocked at the door. A drawn looking young woman with honey-colored hair opened the door. “Hello,” I said. “I'm Ruth Peterson.I missed your little girl today and wondered 13 sh e was.”“Oh yes, Mrs. Peterson, please come in. Wendy talked 14 you so much. I'm afraid I allowed her to bother you. If she was a nuisance, please, accept my apologies.”“Not at all --- she's a delightful child,” I said, suddenly realizing that I meant it. “Where is she?”“Wendy died 15 week, Mrs. Peterson. She had leukemia. Maybe she didn't tell you.” Struck dumb, I groped for a chair. My breath caught. “She loved this beach; so 16 she asked to come, we couldn't say no. She seemed so much better here and had a lot of 17 she called happy days. But the last few weeks, she declined rapidly...” her voice faltered, “She left something 18 you ... if only I can find it. Could you wait a moment 19 I look?” I nodded stupidly, my mind racing for something, anything, to say to this lovely young woman. She handed me a smeared envelope, with MRS. P printed in bold, childish letters. Inside was a drawing in bright crayon hues --- a yellow beach, a blue sea, and a brown bird. Underneath was carefully printed: A SANDPIPER TO BRING YOU JOY. Tears welled 20 in my eyes, and a heart that had almost forgotten to love opened wide. I took Wendy's mother 21 my arms. “I'm so sorry, I'm sorry, I'm so sorry,” I muttered over and over, and we wept together. The precious little picture is framed now and hangs in my study. Six words -- one 22 each year of her life -- that speak to me of harmony, courage, undemanding love. A gift from a child 23 sea-blue eyes and hair the color sand -- who taught me the gift of love.( B )Petroleum refining is the separation of petroleum 1treating of these fractions to make them 2 petroleum products. Most petroleum products, including kerosenes, fuel oils, lubricating oils, and waxes, are fractions of petroleum 3 have been treated to remove undesirable components. Other products, for example, gasolines, aromatic solvents, and even some asphalts, are totally or partly synthetic 4 that they have compositions that are impossible to achieve by direct separation of these materials 5 crude petroleum. They result from chemical processes that change the molecular nature 6 selected portions of crude petroleum; 7 other words, they are the products of refining or they are refined products. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps 8 which the original crude material is eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities and, perhaps more important, in the amounts dictated 9 the market. In fact, a refinery is essentially a group of manufacturing plants that vary in number 10 the variety of products produced; refinery processes must be selected and products must be manufactured to give a balanced operation: 11 is, crude oil must be converted into products according 12 the rate of sale of each. For example, the manufacture of products from the lower boiling portion of petroleum automatically produces a certain amount of higher boiling components. If the latter cannot be sold as heavy fuel oil, they accumulate 13 refinery storage facilities are full. To prevent the occurrence of 14 a situation, the refinery must be flexible and able to change operations 15 needed. This usually means more processes --- a cracking process to change an excess of heavy fuel oil into more gasoline with coke as the residual product 16 a vacuum distillation process to separate the heavy oil into lubricating oil stocks and asphalt --- to accommodate the ever-changing demands of the market. In addition, a complete refining installation must include the following: all necessary non-processing facilities; adequate tankage 17 storing crude oil, intermediates, and finished products; a dependable source 18 electrical power, material-handling equipment; workshops and supplies for maintaining a continuous 24 hours a day, 7 days a week operation; waste 19 and water-treating equipment; and product-blending facilities.( C )China. Fluency can be simply defined 1 "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about 2 one is saying"; speaking accurately means "speaking without errors 3 grammar and vocabulary". The problem is 4 many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. And, 5 they slow down, there may be fewer errors but it can sound unnatural. People who tend to focus 6 accuracy may find that they worry too much about making mistakes. This can make them nervous or embarrassed about speaking English 7 public. As a result, their spoken English might not improve. On the other hand, there are those 8 really like to talk and are willing to trytheir language out even if they make mistakes. This willingness to take risks helps them speak more fluidly. But, if they make a lot of mistakes, they may find it difficult to get their ideas 9 . In one word, speaking a language well needs both fluency and accuracy. When you speak English, find the mistakes you make most often. One mistake Chinese often make is omitting the "s" 10 the third person singular verb. Or you may speak too slowly as if you were searching 11 the right word and correct grammar. The next time you use English, try to work 12 those problems you have identified. If it's fluency, try to focus on it. If you have a problem 13 the third person singular, try to concentrate on when you make such errors. Don't spend time thinking 14 other mistakes. By choosing an area to work on, you can isolate problems and help yourself overcome them. If you go to an English comer or an English club, try to change the types of activities 15 you take part in so that you practice both fluency and accuracy. Public speaking allows you to slow down and be sure you have time to concentrate 16 the language. Meanwhile, discussions are good practice for fluency, especially if you don't stop each time a mistake is made. Some Chinese think that speaking fast is the same 17 speaking fluently. In fact, speaking fluently involves not only speed. It also involves stress, pronunciation and intonation. If you make a mistake in these, speaking fast will only make 18 worse. Don't sacrifice understanding for speed. Take a tape recorder and record a conversation with a friend or a speech or monologue. When you have finished, listen 19 yourself. Make it a regular practice. The more you record yourself, 2 0 more confident and natural sounding you will become.( D )Spacecraft from the United States and from Russia have been 1men have walked 2 its surface. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become available 3 recent years. Yet 4 all we know about the moon, there is even more that we don't know. Were scientists right about what the moon would be 5 ? Many were, of course, 6 many were mistaken. One said there was no lava 7 the moon. Another said that the moon material would explode 8 soon as an astronaut's boot touched it. One said 9 there would certainly be water on the moon. Many felt that there was a chance that the astronauts could bring 10 to earth some strange infection. These ideas are now known to be incorrect, and there is no doubt that we are still wrong 11 many other things, also. What is the moon made 12 ? Definitely not green cheese. It has the same chemical elements as 13 the earth and the rest of the solar system but in very different amounts --- more of some, less of others. Carbon, 14 is a very important part of living things on the earth, is 15 on the moon. ( E )Books are to mankind 1of our race, the discoveries we 2 made, the accumulated knowledge andexperience of ages; they picture 3 us the marvels and beauties of nature, help us in our difficulties, comfort us in sorrow and in suffering, change hours of weariness into moments of delight, store our minds 4 ideas, fill them with good and happy thoughts, and lift us out 5 and above ourselves. There is an oriental story of two men: one was a king, 6 every night dreamt he was a beggar; the other was a beggar, who every night dreamt he was a prince and lived 7 a palace. I am not sure that the king had very much the best of it. Imagination is sometimes 8 vivid than reality. But, however this may be, when we read, if we wish it, we may not only be kings and live in palaces, but, what is 9 better, we may transport ourselves to the mountains or the seashore, and visit the 10 beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience or expense. Many of those who have had all 11 this world can give, have yet told us they owed 12 of their purest happiness to books. Ascham tells a touching story of his last visit 13 Lady Jane Grey. He found her sitting in an oriel window reading Plato's beautiful account of the death of Socrates. Her father and mother were hunting in the park, the hounds were in full cry and their voices came in 14 the open window. He expressed his surprise that she had not joined them. But, said she, “I wist that all their pleasure in the park is 15 a shadow t o the pleasure I find in Plato.” Macaulay had wealth and fame, rank and power, and yet he tells us in his biography that he owed the happiest hours of his life 16 books. In a charming letter to a little girl, he says, "Thank you for your very pretty letter, I am always glad to make my little girl happy, and nothing pleases me so much as to see that she likes books, 17 when she is as old as I am, she will find they are better than all the tarts and cakes, toys and plays, and sights in the world. If any one would make me the greatest king, 18 palaces and gardens and fine dinners, and wines and coaches, and beautiful clothes, and hundreds of servants, 19 condition that I should not read books, I would not be a king; I would rather be a poor man in a garret with plenty of books 20 a king who did not love reading. "( F )We talk about energy 1so on. If asked to define it, however, we'd probably respond 2 something like "Well, it's --- uh --- well, you know --- electricity." It’s true; electricity is one 3 of energy. However, energy comes 4 many forms. You cannot see or smell or taste energy, 5 it's always there, 6 one of the most fascinating things about it is its ability to change from one form to another --- like magic. This principle of change is 7 keeps everything --- and everyone --- going in this world of ours. When a fuel unites 8 oxygen, we say the fuel burns; what is really happening is that chemical energy, such as fuel and oxygen, 9 changing to heat energy. When the fuel or food we eat unites with the oxygen 10 we breathe, we then have heat energy to run our bodies. When you pop a frozen waffle 11 the toaster, electrical energy turns into heat energy. In the internal-combustion engine of a car, an electric spark explodes gasses in the cylinder; the 12 energy moves the pistons,becoming mechanical energy to move the car. In a steam engine, the chemical energy 13 fuel is changed to heat energy; the heated water, now steam, forces the pistons to move. In a steam turbine, the steam pushes against blades. In 14 cases, mechanical energy results. This changing from one 15 of energy to another can continue almost indefinitely. If, 16 instance, the steam engine or turbine is connected to a generator, the mechanical energy can become 17 energy, which can become heat energy (for the electric stove), mechanical energy (for the washer), etc. Thus, energy readily changes back and forth 18 one form to another. What starts out as one form 19 energy may be a totally different form when it reaches its final use.( G )The playing cards 1 we use today are much like those used 2years. The most interesting things are the suits and face cards. A "suit" of a playing card is not a thing to be worn. It means Hearts, Spades, Diamonds or Clubs. The figures are placed on each card 3 the number or value of the card. The face cards are the Jacks, Queens, Kings, and, 4 course, the Jokers. What do you think the suits stand 5 ? Let's take the Hearts first. When you say that an athlete has a lot of heart, what do you mean? You mean that he is brave. So, you see, the King of Hearts is a "brave king". Look 6 the design of the Spade on a card. The word "spade" comes 7 the Italian word which means “sword”. With a little imagination, you can see the handle and the blade. Of course, the blade has been made much shorter 8 the card. The diamonds and Club designs also have interesting stories. The Diamond design is one 9 you probably know already. It stands for the expensive gems that you and I have seen 10 jewelry stores. At first it stood for the rich traders 11 found and sold such gems. The Club looks a little 12 a three-leaf clover design. Its shape came from a French design with three leaves. It has the lowest rank of the suits. Now you see 13 some suits of playing cards have more value or power than others. The face cards are usually powerful 14 any card game. The King is one of the strongest. There are four different Kings, and each one stands 15 a real person. The King of Hearts first meant Charlemagne. He lived 16 800 years after the birth of Christ. He was one of the most powerful kings in Europe 17 Julius Caesar of Rome. Julius Caesar, by the way, is the King of Diamonds. We must go further back in history to find 18 the names of the two other kings. The young Alexander the Great of Macedonia is the King of Clubs and King David is the King of Spades. David is the person 19 killed the giant Goliath. When someone talks 20 a David and Goliath, he means that a smaller, or weaker, person is trying to fight a very 21 and strong enemy. David beat Goliath and became a king. He probably 22 thought that he would have a place in playing cards. The playing cards are 23 popular with people today. ( H )She was surprised and suspicious 1 I called and suggested the two of us go out 2 dinner and a movie. "What's wrong?" she asked. My mother thinks anything out 3 the ordinary signals bad news. "I thought it would be nice to spend some time 4 you," I said. "Just the two of us." “I'd 5 that a lot." she replied. Mom and I go out 6 dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we take 7 a movie, but mostly we talk. I tell her about my trials 8 work and brag about the kids and Peggy. Mom fills me in 9 family gossip and tells me about her past. Now I know 10 it was like for her to work in a factory during World War II. I know how she met my father there, and 11 they nurtured a trolley-car courtship 12 those difficult times. I can't get enough 13 these stories. They are important 14 me, a part of my history. We also talk 15 the future. Because of health problems, my mother worries about the days 16 . "I have so much living to do," she told me once. "I need to be there 17 my grandchildren grow up. I don't want to miss any 18 it." I understood 19 she was saying. From caregiver to cared-for, from cared-for to caregiver, our relationship had come full circle. "Then it's time for you to relax and let me 20 the favor," I said. ( I )Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought 1of settling their disputes other than 2 seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side 3 has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been 4 the right. For that is 5 going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has 6 the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions 7 people were killed or mutilated. And 8 today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets, 9 is to say, while we have got to the 10 of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life, 11 some nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave 12 savages. But we must not expect 13 much. After 14 , the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, 15 a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the 16 of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years 17 the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them 18 . Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth 19 one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilization for between seven or eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn 20 . But there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, 21 about 100,000 years. Thus mankind is only at thebeginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. Generally speaking, the past 22 man has been a beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is 23 they will sometime have done something else. It’s high time now for mankind to say good-bye to war and fighting, because war and fighting are the games of beasts, not 24 civilized peoples should do.( J )1industrialized, metropolitan Atlantic seaboard 2 the rich flat farms of the central plains, 3 the Rocky Mountains to the fertile west coast, then halfway across the Pacific 4 the balmy island-state of Hawaii. The American scene awes the viewer 5 both its variety and size. The continental United States (not counting outlying Alaska and Hawaii) measures, 4,500 kilometers from its Atlantic to Pacific coasts, 2,575 kilometers from Canada to Mexico. The entire nation of all 50 states covers an area 6 9 million square kilometers and has a population of 220 million people. America has long been known 7 a "melting pot," for it is a nation of immigrants from all over the world. The first to arrive --- from Siberia, more than 10,000 years 8 , it is believed that --- were the American Indians. Today they number nearly 850,000; half live on land set aside 9 them in 31 states; the rest have "melted" 10 with the rest of America's nearly 220 million population. Europe, the major source of immigration, began sending colonists to America in the early 17th century. Tens of millions flooded to America's shores from Europe between 1880 11 the First World War. The next largest group of Americans trace their ancestry to Africa, black people now constitute 12 11 percent of the population. The melting pot has also absorbed nearly 600,000 Japanese, half a million Chinese and 340,000 Filipinos. Many live in Hawaii, more than two-thirds of whose people boast 13 Asian or Polynesian heritage. Once a nation of farmers, the United States has become increasingly urban 14 the turn of the last century. Today three 15 of four Americans live in towns, cities 16 suburbs. Two-thirds of 17 families live in separate households, and 65 percent own their homes. Americans are always 18 the move. Each year, one 19 every five Americans leaves home and job to find new ones somewhere else. The population is shifting ever westward. California recently passed New York 20 the most populous state, although New York City (population: 8 million) and Chicago (3 million) are still larger 21 California's largest city, Los Angeles. The nation's capital, Washington D.C., is ninth in size, with a population of over 700,000. Laid out 22 French architect Pierre L'Enfant in the late 18th century, it was the world's first city especially planned 23 a center of government.。
2011年中石油集团公司职称英语1-60练习题整理
1 English Is a Crazy Language词汇1. We take English for ___.（C）A. groundB. greatC. grantedD. grant2. My alarm clock __B__ at 6 every morning.A. goes onB. goes offC. gets upD. gets out3. English was invented by people，and it A the creativity of the human race.A .reflects B. result C. refine D. renew4. When I D my watch，I start it.A. look upB. take upC. break upD. wind up语法5. English muffins weren’t invented in England _D____ French fries in France.A. whileB. notC. eitherD. nor6. If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of __C___of them, what do you call it?A. one but allB. all only oneC. all but oneD. all besides one7. We find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor B ．A. it is a pigB. is it a pigC. is a pigD. a pig it is8. Why A that writers write but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce and hammers don’t ham?A. is itB. it isC. isD. it was2All I Learned in Kindergarten词汇1.When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and __A___ together.A. stickB. stuckC. strikeD. struck2. Think of what a better world it would be if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon and then ___A___ with our blankets for a nap.A. lay downB. laid downC. lain downD. lied down3. B what a better world it would be if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets for a nap.A. Think overB. Think ofC. Think outD. Think if语法1. Put things back __C__ you found them.A. whatB. whileC. whereD. which2. Goldfish and hamsters all die. __D___.A. So do usB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we3. Think of what a better world __B___ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD. it going to be4. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _D___ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. be betterD. is better5. A how old you are，when you go out into the world，it is better to hold hands and stick together.A. No matterB. Even ifC. As ifD. In spite of6. Most of B I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten .A. thatB. whatC. thoseD. When3. On Mobile Office词汇1. Mobile office is the A product of economic, scientific, and social progress.A. mutualB. practicalC. multipleD. mobile2. Mobile office has become a B that provides users with convenient, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office facultyA. salutationB. solutionC. solvationD. solutide3. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people can do their work via _B__ such as mobile phone and palm computer.A. termsB. terminalsC. criminalD. termination4. Mobile office will B your dream of completely free communication.A. riseB. realizeC. raiseD. reality语法1. Integrating Internet and mobile communications network, and C powerful applications support capacity for wireless interconnection, mobile interconnection platform is an important network support technology to accomplish mobile office.A. provideB. providedC. providingD. to provide2. Mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility C .A. has realizedB. realizeC. has been realizedD. have been realized4. How to Explore a City词汇1. These tips will help you make the __C___ of any urban adventure.A. moreB. muchC. mostD. mostly2. These tips will help you B the most of any urban adventure.A. takeB. makeC. restD. like3. If you don't want to buy a city guidebook, just C the guidebooks in a store.A. look atB. look intoC. look throughD. look for4. Blogs give you a chance to D others' travel experiences.A. learn behindB. learn withC. learn atD. learn from5. If possible, D a free city map at the airport, train station or your hotel.A. take upB. catch upC. look upD. pick up6. Visit the city's tourism office, which will A other valuable information.A. provideB. produceC. proofD. profound7. Visit the city’s tourism office, which will provide other __A__ information.A. valuableB. valueC. valuation D valueless语法1. Some city guidebooks are specially designed for a D visit.A.24 hoursB.24 hourC.24-hoursD. 24-hour2. B your first adventure, take a city bus that drives in a circle through the downtown area.A. AsB. ForC. InD. With3. Some of the best things that a city has to offer can be found __C___ mistake.A. becauseB. inC. byD. on5. Can Money Buy Happiness?词汇1.People in the United States whose income goes from US$20,000 a year to US$50,000 a year aremore D to be happy.A. likefulB. likewiseC. livelyD. likely2.Good relationships have a far greater C on happiness than large raises in salary.A. businessB. conditionC. effectD. affect3. Good relationships have a far greater effect on happiness than large __D__ in salary.A. riseB. ariseC. arouseD. raises4. Invest your time and energy in people. The payoff is much bigger C happinessA. in the long termB. on terms ofC. in terms ofD. in general terms5. B your time and energy in people. The payoff is much bigger in terms of happinessA. investigateB. investC. inventD. invert答案：DCDCB语法1. The more money you have, the A it brings you joyA. lessB. mostC. muchD. mostly2. If you’re looking for happiness in life, find the right husband or wife __B___ trying to doubleyour salary.A. better thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. and6 How Americans View Love词汇1. You might call Valentine's Day an B celebration of love.A. anniversaryB. annualC. usualD. common2. Americans know no romance is perfect, but still try to find the C person.A. ideaB. idealisticC. IdealD. ideaed3 Americans A dating differently from people in other culture.A. viewB. lookC. regardD. see语法1. __C__ people give cards, flowers and candy to their sweethearts.A. Love-strikeB. Love-stickC. Love-struckD. love-stuck7 Carbon-based Alternative词汇1. The combustion of larger molecules D a more complex series of reactions.A. containsB. impliesC. includesD. involves2. Recent years have seen __A___reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles.A. substantialB. substanceC. submitD. subjective3. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to __B___ uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.A. leaseB. releaseC. pleaseD. relief4. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle ___B___is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. permissionsB. emissionsC. omissionsD. missions5. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements would still C to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.A. relationB. oweC. contributeD. attachment语法5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about__A___ methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC. as twice more expensive asD. as twice expensive as1. Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles___C__ .A. have been steadily increasingB. has steadily increasedC. has been steadily increasingD. has been steadily increased10. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, D is one of its attractive features.A. the low cost of whatB. the low cost of themC. the low cost of thoseD. the low cost of which8 Our Family Creed词汇2. These are the principles on which my wife and I have tried to __D___our family.A. bring downB. bring onC. bring inD. bring up9 The Art of Public Speaking词汇1. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you _B__ a wide range of skills.A. applyB. employC. developD. multiply2. Listeners __B_ negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar.A. actB. reactC. interactD. transact3. Public speaking demands a different method of __B_.A. deliverB. deliveryC. delicateD. delete4. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent _D__ a particular channel.A. by all meansB. by no meansC. by any meansD. by means of5. One of the major C of students in any speech class is stage fright.A. conclusionsB. concertsC.concernsD. concentrations10 A Gentleman词汇1. The Victorian gentleman must have been really something to __B__ if the article is true.A. holdB. beholdC. beheldD. behave2. For any woman who has dreamed of "Knight in shining armor", the perfect man, or just a man who would __D__ the TV remote control, you have found him here.A. give offB. give inC. give outD. give up3. For those women who are married, take heart and remember, your husband may not resemble the"Victorian Gentleman", but you love him__D__.A. in a wayB. somewayC. by the wayD. anyway4. A gentleman never B himself except when compelled.A. speaks outB. speaks ofC. speaks forD. speaks at语法1. We should ever conduct ourselves towards our enemy as if he _C___ one day to be our friend.A. isB. wasC. wereD. be11 Smoking and Cancer词汇1. This is roughly the __C___ of 4195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more.A equalB equalityC equivalentD equator2. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases may also, __A__, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food.A by coincidenceB in coincidenceC with coincidenceD of coincidence3. Current research indicates a __B__ relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat.A casualB causalC causeD course4. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, is associated with shortened life _D___.A. expectationB. expectantC. expectancyD. prospect5. Smokers who __D__ cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food.A. improveB. processC. evolveD. develop语法6. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke __C___ 34% of American women.A comparing withB comparing toC compared withD compare to12.Taking Chances, Making Chances词汇1. I __C__ onions and potatoes in my sister’s boarding h ouse.A. paleB. parkC. peelD. peep2. As she sat down to peel onions, she __A___ the brick floor.A. gazed atB. good atC. looked outD. looked through3. She spent every __B__ moment learning more about bricks.A. otherB. spareC. spanD. special4. She soon quit her kitchen job to __D__ writing.A. take inB. take outC. take offD. take up5. __B__ her protests about being a poor writer, he made her promise to complete the assignment.A. ByB. AgainstC. WhileD. Except语法1．Lecture Hobbs sometimes tells about a woman who _B___ in London over a century ago.A. livesB. livedC. had livedD. has lived2.If __C__ no chance, can you make one?A. givingB. to giveC. givenD. you are giving答案：BC13 The Province of Alberta词汇1. Although Alberta has a population of only 3.26 million, it _C__ 4th in population among Canadian provinces.A. rangesB. reachesC. ranksD. rates2. The province was __D__ Princess Louis Caroline Alberta, a daughter of Queen Victoria of England.A. named asB. named forC. named toD. named after3. The major language spoken in the province is English, __A__ a few bilingual towns north of Edmonton.A. with the exception ofB. above allC. in allD. in accordance with4. At present many more Albertans are farmers, who __D___ millions of tons of wheat, oats and barley.A. riseB. ariseC. arouseD. raise5. __B__ its rich deposit in oil, petroleum industry has become one of the most important industries of the province, with many oil fields and refineries.A. In spite ofB. Owing toC. In contrast withD. In addition6. The climate in Alberta is __D__, particularly in summer, when the average temperature is about60 degrees Fahrenheit.A. pleasedB. pleasingC. pleadingD. pleasant7. Many tourists are attracted to the first rate skiing ground at the__A___ of Banff and Jasper.A. resortsB. resourcesC. scenesD. restores14 A World without Oil词汇1. If you are comfortably cool in a tropical climate, your air conditioning unit may C oil-fed generators.A.depend withB. depend atC. depend onD. depend by2. In the kitchen and the bathroom you will probably see some plastic D such as tiles and working surfaces.A.goodsB. thingsC. articlesD. fittings语法5. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world __A___ out of oil?A.ranB. runC. has runD. had run6. ____ how your life would change if the world _D__ out of oil?A Did you ever stopped to think, ranB Have you ever stopped to think, has runC Do you ever stopped thinking, runsD Have you ever stopped to think, ran4. Recently protein feeds for animals __B___by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock.A. has been developedB. have been developedC. has developedD. have developed15 How Animals Hear词汇Birds are even more__C___,because we do not even see an outer ear.A. myselfB.mysteryC. mysteriousD.mutualHunters know that birds are attracted by __D___calls.A.artB.articleC.artisticD.artificialNature has__D__some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures.A.set downB.set aboutC.set asideD. set up5.A certain kind of tadpole can tell the __A__ of the water.A. depthB.deepC.deeplyD.deem:3. Animals such as dogs and cats also have _C__ outer ears.A. considerableB. consistentC. conspicuousD. constructive4. Hunters know that birds are attracted by _D__ calls.A. artisticB. assumingC. assemblyD. artificial5. You should be as quite as possible if you don’t want to go home __C_.A. emptily-handedB. empty-handC. empty-handedD. emptily-hand6. Scientists must __C____ much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A. exposeB. expectC. exploreD. exhale12. Scientists must explore much _A__ for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A. furtherB. featherC. fartherD. father语法Few of us probably ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing _A__a middle and inner ear beneath those pointed tips.A. asB.thatC.whichD.where7. The inner ear _B__ delicate membranes.A. composes ofB. is composed ofC. is composing ofD. composes8. What message is carried by a macula _C__ how it is effected.A. depend onB. depending onC. depends onD. depended on16. The Germanic Languages词汇1. Within this group of over 500,000,000 speakers is English, foremost A its geographic spread and number of second-language users.A. in terms ofB. in spite ofC. in case ofD. such as2. English and German speakers B the majorities in several of the world's most economically developed countries.A. congratulateB. compromiseC. constituteD. conclude3. Though these languages cannot be easily understood among their different speakers, the similarities in vocabulary are B .A. sameB. strikingC. similarD. indifferent4. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages D a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology.A. account atB. account inC. account ofD. account for5. Hardly an aspect of modern life does not B from the contributions made by those using these languages.A. learnB. benefitC. computeD. result6. The Scandinavian languages of Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish__D__the North Germanic grouping.A. compressB. compromiseC. computeD. comprise7. Being able to communicate with others in this far-reaching linguistic group will offer the user__D__ benefits.A.measureB.measurementC.measurableD. immeasurable8. More than one-third of the world's economic production __A__in these countries.A.originatesB.originC.originalD.orientation答案：ACBDB DDA语法1. More than B of the world's economic production originates in these countries.A. one thirdB. one-thirdC. one-thirdsD. one-three2. The same is true for_D___who want to learn Dutch or Danish from an English or German background.A. thatB.theseC.thatD. those答案：BD17 How Americans Eat and Drink词汇1. Cola drinks B caffeine from the kola nut.A. includeB. containC. concludeD. obtain2. The American A for speed has now hit the food business.A. passionB. successC. fashionD. succession3. Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating __B__refreshing.A.as long asB. as well asC.as good asD.as soon as4. Many restaurants, __C__ the great chain restaurant company, Macdonald’s, specialize in fast food”.A. as well asB. in allC. in particularD. on average5. One of the pleasantest things about waiters and waitresses is that they refill your coffee cup several times for no__C__ charge!A. excessiveB. surplusC. extraD. else答案：BABCC语法1. People who prefer __D___ at a table in the restaurant also ______ their food in cardboard or plastic containers, and the knives, forks and spoons are plastic, too.A. eating, receivingB. to eat, to receiveC. eating, receiveD. to eat, receive2. There __C__ supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s, and they have now spread through a large part of the world.A. wereB. will have beenC. have beenD. has been答案：DC18 The Delights of South Island词汇1. Among these four islands, there can be no doubt that South Island is the most spectacularly __D__of them all.A. senseB. sceneC. scienceD. scenic2. The islands of England and Ireland D the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.A. competeB. completeC. compareD. comprise3. North Island in New Zealand sports a balmy climate and the beaches to _D__it.A. make fun ofB. make sureC. make senseD. make use of4. With almost no heavy industry on South Island, the air, water, and land are all __C__ of pollution.A. heavyB. freedomC. freeD. lots5. Its temperate__A___sees little snow except in the highlands and mountainous areas.A. climateB. weatherC. placeD. scene答案：DDDCA语法1. One of the odder coincidences of physical geography is the fact __C___ there are two double islands.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where2. __A___ the beauty of these three islands, what makes South Island so special?A. GivenB. GivingC. ThoughD. However3. Some of the world's best mountain scenery is available within the B long chain of the Southern Alps.A. 500-kilometersB.500-kilometerC. 500-kilometers’D. 500 kilometer答案：CAB19Net to Newspaper: Drop Dead词汇1. No matter what is introduced into the media ecosystem, newspapers C .A. liveB. aliveC. surviveD. drop2. Newspaper execs are groping for some killer app, but nothing has yet D .A. taken upB. taken offC. taken onD. taken hold3. The new and troubling reality for newspapers is that even if they __C__as purveyors of information to appreciative audiences,they still face tough business terrain.A. excessB. exceedC. excelD. excellent4.Given the Internet's vast, almost infinite expanse, __C__will never drive ad pricing online.A. scarceB. scarC. scarcityD. scarcely5. The New York Times will __C__ Web users to read its columnists' prose later this year.A. changeB. chartC. chargeD. charm答案：CDCCC语法1. B the Internet's vast expanse, scarcity will never drive ad pricing online.A. GivingB. GivenC. To giveD. To be given2. Ads are following the eyeballs to_B____ they make transactional decisions.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when答案：BB21 A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy词汇1. I was___C____; my life seemed completely out of balanceA. depressionB. depressC. depressedD. depressing2. The tinkling laughter ____C___ again.A. broke upB. break downC. burst forthD. burst into答案：CC语法1. I thought I saw her mother on the porch and felt like D she keep her child at home.A. being demandedB. to demandC. demandD. demanding答案：D22 An Introduction to Distillation词汇1. Petroleum refining is the___C__ of petroleum into fractions and the subsequent treating of these fractions to make them into petroleum products.A operationB introductionC separationD separable2. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is eventually __D__ into salable products.A. conservedB. reservedC. conceivedD. converted3. Petroleum products D chemical processes that change the molecular nature of selected portions of crude petroleum.A. result ofB. result atC. result inD. result from4. Distillation has B a major refinery process.A. beenB.remainedC. keptD. lasted5. It is thought that vacuum or steam distillation will A a better quality product.A. yieldB. commitC. concludeD. complete6. A refinery is essentially a group of manufacturing plants that __D___ in number with the ______ of products produced.A vary, variousB variety, varyC invariable, variableD vary, variety答案：CDDBA D语法1. Most petroleum products are fractions of petroleum that__B__to remove undesirable components.A has been treatedB have been treatedC be treatedD treated2. Other products are totally or partly synthetic __B__they have compositions that are impossible to achieve by direct separation of these materials from crude petroleum.A. so thatB. in thatC. in factD. in terms of3. Refinery processes must be selected and products D to give a balanced operation.A. to manufactureB. manufacturingC. manufactureD. manufactured4. It is possible to obtain products A from gaseous materials taken off the top of the distillation column to a heavy residue or “bottom”.A. rangingB. rangeC. to rangeD. being ranged答案：BBDA23Hints to Improve Spoken English词汇1. There are those who really like to talk and are willing to try their language out __D__ they make mistakes.A. as far asB. as long asC. as ifD. even if2. The ___C_ about which is more important in the English language has lasted for a long time.A. disputeB. quarrelC. debateD. difference3. Speaking fluently A not only speed.A. involvesB. quarrelsC. concludesD. indicates4. If they make a lot of mistakes, they may find it difficult to get their ideas __C___.A. upB. outC. acrossD. down5. One mistake Chinese often make is __A___the “s” from the third person singular verbs.A. omittingB. vomitingC. committingD. permitting答案：DCACA24 The Moon---Riddle from the Past词汇1. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become __C _in recent years.A. accountableB. considerableC. availableD. possible2. Like the earth，the moon is in__B _, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below.A. liarsB. layersC. lavaD. lead3. It has the same chemical elements as have the earth and the __C__ of the solar system but in very different amounts.A. remainsB. leftoversC. restD. remainder4. The surface itself A from heat of 23F to cold of minus 290F, depending upon where the sun is.A. rangesB. restsC. meltsD. varies5. The moon was born someplace else in the solar system and then __C_ by the ear th’s gravity.A. captainedB. capitalizedC. capturedD. capped答案：CBCAC语法1. The moon’s crust is almost B than the earth's crust.A. thicker four timesB. four times thickerC. four times thickD. four time thicker2. So far, none of these theories B to be either right or wrong.A. have been provedB. is provedC. has been provedD. has proved答案：BC25 The Delight of Books词汇1. Precious and priceless are the blessings which the books __B__ around our daily paths.A. scareB. scatterC. sprayD. sacred2. Many of those who have had all that this world can give, have yet told us they B much of their purest happiness to books.A. ownedB. relatedC. stickD. owed3. Without __B__ from our firesides we may roam to the most remote regions of the earth.A. stirredB. stirringC. staringD. stared答案：BDB语法1. If any one would make me __C__the greatest king with palaces and gardens, ____ condition thatI should not read books, I __ _ not be the king.A. /, in, wouldB. to be, on, shouldC. /, on , wouldD. be, by, will2. If any one D make me the greatest king that ever lived on condition that I not read books, I not be a king.A. should, should, shouldB. should, should, wouldC. /, should , wouldD. would, should, would3. I am always glad to make my little girl happy, and nothing pleases me so much as A that she likes books.A. to seeB. seeingC. seeD. saw4. Books are to mankind __D__ memory is to the individual.A. whenB. howC. whichD. what答案：CDAD26 The Magic of Energy词汇1. In simplest __D__, mechanical energy is the energy of a moving object.A. regardsB. meansC. waysD. terms2. Various fuels such as coal, gas, oil and food _D___ heat when they burn.A. give upB. give awayC. give overD. give off3. Nuclear fuels such as plutonium and uranium B heat energy when fission occurs.A. give upB. give offC. give overD. give away答案：DDB语法1. Energy readily changes __C__ from one form to another.A. inside and outB. up and downC. back and forthD. from first to last2. This principle of change is what keeps everything_B___ in this world of ours.A. to goB. goingC. goneD. to be gone3. Without the sun there __A__ no life.A. would beB. isC. areD. will be答案：CBA28 That "Other Woman" in My Life词汇1. I’ve discovered the secret of keeping love and intimacy C in my relationship with my wife.A. livelyB. liveC. aliveD. living2. My mother clutched my arm, half out of D and half to help her negotiate the restaurant steps.A. appreciationB. orderC. questionD.affection3. Sometimes my mother and I B a movie, but mostly we talk.A. take onB. take inC. take upD. take off答案：CDB29 Civilization and History词汇1. Most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and C them as conquerors.A. ruled onB. ruled aboveC. ruled overD. ruled with2. People fight to B quarrels.A. disputeB. settleC. addD. solve3. Civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of A their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side.A. settlingB. takingC. solvingD. adding。
【VIP专享】2011年职称英语真题与答案讲解
综合类(A 级)第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor 2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly 3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting 4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle 5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received 6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand 7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy 8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting 9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children. 10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid 11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand 12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing 13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged 14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp 15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
【VIP专享】2011年中石油集团公司职称英语1-60练习题整理
2 All I Learned in Kindergarten 词汇
1. When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and __A___ together.
D. gets out
3. English was invented by people，and it A the creativity of the human race.
A .reflects B. result C. refine 4. When I D my watch，I start it.
D. a pig it is
8. Why A that writers write but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce and hammers
don’t ham?
A. is it B. it is
C. is
D. it was
6.培养学生观察、思考、对比及分析综合的能力。过程与方法1.通过观察蚯蚓教的学实难验点，线培形养动观物察和能环力节和动实物验的能主力要；特2.征通。过教对学观方察法到与的教现学象手分段析观与察讨法论、，实对验线法形、动分物组和讨环论节法动教特学征准的备概多括媒，体继课续件培、养活分蚯析蚓、、归硬纳纸、板综、合平的面思玻维璃能、力镊。子情、感烧态杯度、价水值教观1.和通过学理解的蛔1.虫过1观适、察于3程.观六 阅蛔寄内列察、 读虫生出蚯让 材标容生3根.常蚓学 料本教活 2据 了见身生 ：，师的、问 解的体巩总 鸟看活形用 作题 蛔线的固结 类雌动态手 业自 虫形练本 与雄学、三4摸 ：学 对动状习节 人蛔生结、、一 收后 人物和同课 类虫活构请一蚯摸 集回 体并颜步重 关的动、学、蚓蚯 鸟答 的归色学点 系形教生生让在蚓 类问 危纳。习并 从状学理列学平的题 害线蚯四线归 人、意特出四面体 生以形蚓、形纳 类大图点常、五观玻表 存及动的鸟请动本 文小引以见3引、察璃， 现预物身类学物节 明有言及的、导巩蚯上是 状防的体之生和课 历什根蚯环怎学固蚓和干 ，感主是所列环学 史么据蚓节二样生练引牛燥 鸟染要否以举节到 揭不上适动、区回习导皮还 类的特分分蚯动的 晓同节于物让分答。学纸是 减方征节布蚓物一 起，课穴并?学蚯课生上湿 少法。广的教些 ，体所居归4在生蚓前回运润 的；.泛益鸟色学生纳4靠物完的问答动的 原.蛔，处目类和习活环近在成前题蚯的？ 因了虫以。标生 就体的节身其实端并蚓快触 及解寄上知物 同表内特动体结验和总利的慢摸 我蚯生适识学 人有容点物前构并后结用生一蚯 国蚓在于与的 类什，的端中思端线问活样蚓的人? 飞技基 有么引进主的的考形题环吗十生体能本 着特出行要几变以动1境？节 大活，的.方 密征本“特节化下物让并为近 珍习会形理法 切。课生征有以问的2小学什腹 稀性引态解。 的.课物。什游题主结生出么面 鸟和起结蛔关观题体么戏：要利明蚯？处 类适哪构虫系察：的特的特用确蚓， 等于些特适。蛔章形殊形征板，这是 资穴疾点于可虫我态结式。书生种光 料居病寄是的们结构，五小物典滑 ，生？重生鸟内学构5，学、结的型还 以活.要生类部习与其习巩鸟结是 爱的如原活生结了功颜消固类构线粗 鸟形何因的存构腔能色化练适特形糙 护态预之结的，肠相是系习于点动？ 鸟、防一构现你动适否统。飞都物为结蛔。和状认物应与的行是。主构虫课生却为和”其结的与题、病本理不蛔扁的他构8特环以生？8特乐虫形观部特征境小理三页观的动点位点梳相组等、这；，哪物教相，2理适为方引.鸟些，育同师知应单面导鸟掌类结了；？生2识位的学你握日构解.互。办特生认线益特了通动手征观识形减点它过，抄；察吗动少是们理5生报.蛔？物，与的解参一了虫它和有寄主蛔与份解结们环些生要虫其。蚯构都节已生特对中爱蚓。会动经活征人培鸟与飞物灭相。类养护人吗的绝适这造兴鸟类？主或应节成趣的为要濒课的情关什特临？就危感系么征灭来害教；？；绝学，育，习使。我比学们它生可们理以更解做高养些等成什的良么两好。类卫动生物习。惯根的据重学要生意回义答；3的.情通况过，了给解出蚯课蚓课与题人。类回的答关：系线，形进动行物生和命环科节学动价环值节观动的物教一育、。根教据学蛔重虫点1病.引蛔出虫蛔适虫于这寄种生典生型活的线结形构动和物生。理二特、点设；2置.问蚯题蚓让的学生生活思习考性预和习适。于穴居生活的形态、结构、生理等方面的特征；3.线形动物和环节动物的主要特征。
2011年职称英语考试题及答案
2011年全国职称英语理工类（A级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad.A.tolerateB.generateC.reduceD.mensure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A.equalB.immediateC.moderateD.great3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A.brightB.unclearC.generalD.bad4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A.pictureB.dangerC.evidenceD.case6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failureD.confusion7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.loveB.surpriseC.angerD.doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A.energeticB.freeC.physicalD.regular9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.long10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A.attractB.spendC.encourageD.require11.He demolished my argument in minutes.A.supportedB.disprovedC.disputedD.accepted12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellC.breakbine13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.politeualC.badD.similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.A.hardworkingB.socialC.basicD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous （与地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun.Light during daytime and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana，"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go."he says.Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says.A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says.According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable ws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out."To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says.16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2011职称英语考试真题及答案理工类A
2011职称英语考试真题及答案理工类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1—1 5题,每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A。
suddenlyB. generallyC. slightlyD。
greatly2。
Anderson left the table,remarking that he had some work to do。
A. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD。
knowing3。
I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A。
instructingB。
pushing。
C。
notifyingD。
inviting4. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A。
maintainedB. recommendedC。
consideredD. acknowledged5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A。
causedB。
ignoredC。
organizedD。
received6。
A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children。
A。
reportedB。
praisedC。
provedD. caught7. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A。
2011年职称英语真题
1)Ford Abandons Electric Vehicls-----what:C/give;according to Tim:B/not;which auto:A/Toyota;according to the:C/more;which of the：D/allow 2)Electric Backpack----backpacks:C/hand;what is the:A/produces;the word:D/length;according to:B/put;what is:B/Enjoying3)Light Night,Dark Stars-----when:C/clear;which of the following statements is:D/Stargazing;does the :A/dark;how:B/mihgt;which of the following is:C/invisible4)Motoring Technology-----what are researchers:C/focus;according to:B/make;which of:D/Windscreens;what is Not:C/jammed;what is true:A/It 5)Late-nightDrinking----theauthormention:C/coffee;which:C/halves;what does paragraph 3:A/effects;what does the exepriment:D/Caffeine;the author of:B/we6)Hair Detectives---what does the writer:B/kind;James R:C/tap;which of the following statements:A/was;what does the last:C/Types;which of the following is closest:A/Human7)Sugar Power for Cell Phones---according to the first:C/suitable;what trouble:A/enzymes;according to paragraph5:C/glucose;what is exciting:B/good;accoring to the last:D/It8)Eiffel Is an Eyeful----why:B/nationalities;whatseems:A/prefer;which statement:C/climbed;what did:B/Conducting;which of:C/imagine9)Egypt Felled by famine-----why:D/even;which of the following factors:A/Change;which of the following statement:D/and;according:A/im..drought;the word:B/damaging10)Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers---why do:B/begin;what are:B/Vegetation;which of:C/Females;how did:D/will;according:A/Adult11)The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself----The domain:B/Network;the.firm:B/US;Global:B/registrar;How can:A/pay;what is:B/registration12)Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass----which of:B/temperature;according to:B/Parts;king’s:A/was;Governor:C/encourage;which statement:D/Florida 13)Invisibility Ring----Harry Potter is:C/try;what is true:B/longer;what is Not:B/bounce;what does the :A/disk;Harry Potter’s invisibility:C/microwaves14)Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers----which of the following statements is:C/licked;what has:B/breathalyzer;what is:A/monitors;According to:D/aims;which of the following is:B/car15)Winged Robot Learns to Fly---which of the following is Not:C/programmed;how did:B/twitched;which of the following is nearest:A/could;what neasured:B/movement;what does:D/All16)Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth----according to the passage,Mount :B/1991;accoring to the passage,the study:D/predicting;why is this:A/has;the drilling site:C/about;the title:A/drill 17)A Sunshade for the Plane t----according to:C/despite;scientists:C/think;what does:A/effective;what is Stephen:C/decrease;what is Not:D/decreases18)Thirst for Oil----“…we will:D/decreasing;which of:C/most;which country:A/The;what do:B/ energy;what is Not:D/sea19)Prolonging Human Life----the writer:C/decrease;it can:B/infants;according to:A/Many;in paragraph3:D/take;which of:D/Critical20)Explorer of the Extreme Deep----what is:C/submersible;which of:A/can;”…a world:C/ocean;in what aspects….Alvin similar:D/shape;in what aspects ….Alvin different:D/Both21)Plant Gas----what was:C/in;To test:B/with;which statement:D/higher;which of:D/Microbes;what is:C/Less22)Snowflakes----what does professor:A/No;what do:D/six-sided;what are:A/Humidity;It can be:A/admires;libbrecht is:C/snowflakes23)Powering a City?It’s a Breeze---what are:B/Wooden;which:B/high-tech;the smallest:C/carried;Netherlands:D/small;according to :D/Both24)Underground Coal Fires——a Looming Catastrophe-----according to the first:C/poisonous;according to the third:A/Coal;what did:D/Coal;which of:B/detected;according to the fifth:D/Cutting25)Eat to Live----according to the passage:D/We;why does:B/illustrate;what can:D/are;according to the author:A/The;according to the last:C/dieting26)Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently----what is the research:B/difference;which of:D/Only;how did:A/studied;what is the most:B/stalling;in the comparison:D/in27)Driven to Distraction----which statement is true:C/is not;whatdo:D/All;what are the:C/do;the sixth:D/want;what kind:B/Men 28)Sleep Lets Brain File Memories:which of the :A/arrange;what isthe result of:C/together;what is the relation:D/The;in what way:B/more..poorer;according to the last:D/glucose29)Food Fright----paragraphs1,2&3:A/bring;why is the case:C/also;what happens:B/have;which of the:D/The;what is the writer’s:A/We 30)Digital Realm----the techniques of;B/are..in;according to :A/can;what’s the best:A/motivates;what can:D/All;which of the:C/In 31)Hurricane Katrina----what is the eye:C/calm;which of the following is Not;A/tropical;which of the following is the best:C/supply;what does the:B/Low;what is Not true:D/humanitarian32)Mind-reading Machine----what is responsible:C/Neurons;which of the following statements: D/how;”Highlighting the..:A/marking;what did :B Two /;which of the following can be:B/Your33)Smart Window---which:A/can;when:D/Both;what are:C/color;Tomake:B/Tungsten;what will:C/may34)Don’t Count on Dung---the wor “threatened”:A/endangered;whydo:B/count;piles of dung:C/decay;when researchers:D/so;all of the :A/trunks35)Putting Plants to Work---what does the writer:C/using;why do some:B/green;according to the fifth:B/no;researchers have:D/cheap;what is Not ture:C/cheap;36)Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning----what does:D/Landslides;which of the following statenents is true:D/All;why do researchers:C/cause;which of the following statemtents is Not true:A/filled;according to the context:B/Evidences37)“Don’t Drink Alone”Gets New Meaning----researchers have:A/outside;which of the :C/20;approximately: A/3;which cnacer:B/Laryngeal;according to :D/reduces38)Sauna----ceremonial bathing:C/has;what is understood:B/with;according to the third:D/curing;according to the fourth:A/pores;who are:D/All 39)Clone Farm----which statement:C/Cloned;which institution:A/US;in the third:D/grow;which of the:C/has;the technology:A/farmers 40)Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific----the haze of:D/desert;one of the:D/their;what did:C/collected;according to :A/research;which of the:C/main完形填空：一）Captain cook Arrow Legend:finally;who;no;exhithtion;does;discovering;now;when;fight;until ;likely;refuse;buried;statement;sure二）Avalanche and its Safety:among;that;likely;is;risk;gather;flow;between;flat;use;process;conditions;reduce;attention;missing三）One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live:In;imagine;go;afew;And;for;found;way;keep;case;deal;Simple;under;mean;is四）Animal’s “Sixth Sense”:However;disasters;missed;even;sense;waves;reserve;apparent;spec ialist;specific;assessnent;phenomenon;certainly;some;as五）Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind:With;runby;blind;Thealarms;sound;bell;heard;that;smoke-filled;took;without;processes;source;based on;or;developed六）Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely:Off;are;should;in;a;If;being;that;life;by;teach;allow;havehelped;put;customer七）An Intelligent Car:These;on;traffic;automatic;other;path;instructions;quickly;send ing;completes;at least;Besides;rate;warn;limited八）A Biological Clock:Plants;insects;affect;because of;days;flight;prevented from;but;parts;seems;cells;awaken;how;it;such九）Wonder Webs:tongh;silk;weave;it;reuses;material;length;close;wonder;supply;work;first;milk;any;as fast as十）Less Is More:for;although;up;thought;no;it;Only;affected;behind;where;energy ;for;also;at;need十一）China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival:will offer;funding;become;by;ago;located;with;is due to;consist of;cost;called;officials;the satellite;location;let十二）Taking a Nap During the Dayenough;continuing;likely;for;atleast;health;idea;leave;mistakes;also;sleepy;all;until;should;difficult。
中石油2011年职称英语11 至20课完形填空练习
通用英语水平考试11 至20课选词完形填空练习( A ) 张福华2010—03—214,195 cigarettes a year 1 every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated 2 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine 3 smoking is a health hazard. The trend 4 the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies 5 show, beyond all reasonable doubt, 6 tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, is associated 7 shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed 8 most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and it is believed to be related 9 cancer of the bladder and the oral cavity. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate 10 heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected 11 they do not breathe in the smoke 12 deeply. The majority of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say, "Give 13 smoking. If you don't smoke --- don't start!" Apart 14 the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at 15 smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash, 16 other solids. There is also nicotine, 17 is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components 18 deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point 19 concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins 20 this point.( B )1saved what little money she could working 2 a scullery maid and used it one evening to hear a great speaker 3 her day. His speech moved her deeply and she waited to visit with him afterward. After some conversation, the speaker persuaded her 4 write him a letter about the brick. The next day, as she sat down to peel onions, she gazed 5 the brick floor. That evening she pulled one brick loose, took it to a brick factory and asked the owner to explain to her 6 bricks were made. Still not satisfied, she went to a library and found a book 7 bricks. She learned 8 120 different kinds of brick and file were being produced in England at the time. She discovered how clay beds, 9 existed for millions of years, were formed. Her research captivated her imagination and she spent every spare moment learning more. She returned to the library night 10 night and this woman, who never had a chance, gradually began to climb the steps of knowledge. After months of study, she set 11 to write her letter as promised. She sent a36-page document 12 the brick in her kitchen and, to her surprise, she received a letter back. Enclosed was payment 13 her research. He had published her letter! And along with the money came a new assignment --- this time he asked her to write about 14 she found underneath the brick. For the first time in her life she could hardly wait to get back to the kitchen! She pulled 15 the brick and there was an ant. She held it in her hand and examined it. That evening, she hurried back to the library to study ants. She learned 16 there were hundreds of different kinds of ants. Some were so small that they could stand on the head of a pin;17 others were so large that one could feel the weight of them in one's hand. She started her own ant colony and examined ants underneath a lens. Several months 18 she wrote her findings in a 350-page "letter." It, too, was eventually published. She soon quit her kitchen job to take 19 writing. Before she died, she had traveled to the lands of her dreams and had experienced more than she ever imagined possible! This is the woman 20 had never had a chance. Some people wait for opportunity to come knocking. Here is a person who sought it out, proving again that we can be more than victims 21 mere circumstance. If given a chance, will you take it? If given no chance, can you make one?( C )Alberta is located 1 the western part of Canada and is the westernmost 2Prairie Provinces. To its west is British Columbia while 3 its east is Saskatchewan. Its south borders 4 the U.S. state of Montana while its north borders on the Northwest Territories. Alberta is a most popular place 5 people to go to on their vacations because 6 its beautiful scenery. The Canadian Rockies running through it have earned 7 it the proud name of "Fifty Switzerland in One." With an area of approximately 255,000 square miles, equivalent to 661,000 square kilometers, it is the fourth largest province 8 Canada. Although it has a population of only 3.26 million, 9 one fifth of the population of Shanghai, it ranks also the 4th in population among Canadian provinces. The people of Alberta originally came 10 many different countries. More than half of the Albertans came from Britain. Others came from Austria, Russia and the Scandinavian countries. As only a small number were French Canadians, 11 migrated to Alberta from the eastern part of Canada, the major language spoken in the province is English, with the exception of a few bilingual towns north of Edmonton. Although there are only a limited number of Indians living on reservations now, two hundred years ago they were the only inhabitants in 12 is now called Alberta. The first settlers of Alberta were cattle ranchers. Even now, raising cattle is still one of the leading branches of economy. But 13 present many more Albertans are farmers, who raise millions of tons of wheat, oats and barley, they also plant sugar beets and potatoes in the southern part of the province. In the northern part, 14 the Indians who lived there before them, the hunters trap 15 fur-bearing animals as squirrels, beavers and foxes. Alberta is also rich 16 forest resources, coal and oil. It is one of the main timber producing provinces in Canada. Owing 17 its rich deposit inoil, petroleum industry has become one of the most important industries of the province, 18 many oil fields and refineries. Alberta also produces more coal than any other province. The climate in Alberta is pleasant, particularly in summer, 19 the average temperature is about 60 degrees Fahrenheit. In winter, it is 20 colder and in the north, the temperature can drop to 20 degrees below zero. Although the best season 21 traveling is the summer months of June, July and August, many tourists are attracted 22 the first rate skiing ground at the resorts of Banff and Jasper.( D )1next century. But long before then the world will have to decide 2 its priorities. Can we afford to use so much of our limited petroleum supplies 3 private motoring? Should airlines compete on similar routes allowing planes to fly long distances 4 empty passenger seats? What alternative energy resources can be developed? When you are faced 5 a need, you will discover some way of fulfilling it. Scientists are proposing some fascinating solutions. There is one suggestion 6 the wheeled traffic and the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could generate energy. One company has presented an idea 7 which metal strips inserted in pavements and roads operate fly wheels 8 means of a piston action using hydraulic fluid. They say 9 the human and wheeled traffic in a busy city center could provide enough energy to light the streets of an entire town or power the heating system for a hospital or school. Some people are developing sophisticated versions of the windmill. Engines can run on alcohol, 10 surplus sugar cane could be used to produce energy. An air ship powered by energy from the sun has been suggested. Such "sun ship" would have a large enough surface area to carry the enormous number of solar cells necessary to move any appreciable load. Such "sun ship" might travel at 11 one hundred kilometers an hour. In such circumstances, of course, the tropical parts 12 the world would have a head start in the race to find new energy sources.( E )Animals such 1probably ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing 2 a middle and inner ear beneath those pointed tips. Yet, we know very well 3 these animals hear. Birds are even more mysterious, because here we do not 4 see an outer ear. The same is true 5 still a larger degree of such animals as frogs and fishes, although in the frog we can 6 least see an eardrum. The inner ear is composed 7 delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. Each of these collections of cells can carry a message 8 the brain. What message is carried by a macula depends 9 how it is affected. The message 10 is carried is not, however, always connected with the hearingsense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can tell the depth of the water which it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced 11 its own lungs. In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed 12 an organ which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti" 13 its discoverer. If you have 14 seen a snail shell, you know how a cochlea looks. When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled 15 , they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something 16 the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes 17 going through, while the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass. All this is 18 produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness 19 a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is caused to move. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals 20 the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet. We do know, however, that nature has set 21 some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures.( F )Most people have heard of the Tower of Babel story 1this story, long ago all people spoke the same language. Later, however, they were punished 2 speaking a great number of different tongues. Today, there are literally thousands 3 different languages, defined 4 mutually unintelligible tongues, around the world, though many are related 5 one another. Indeed, the two largest language families, the Indo-European, the language family 6 the largest number of speakers, and Sino-Tibetan, containing the Chinese languages, Thai, Vietnamese, and Tibetan, include hundreds of languages with 7 half the world's population. Because there are so many languages 8 the above two super-categories of language families, linguists have 9 divided these linguistically rich and geographically diverse families 10 sub-groups, one of which, the Germanic language group, has the second largest number of speakers (Chinese being first). Within this group of over 500,000,000 speakers is the world's foremost international language, English, foremost in 11 of its geographic spread and number of second-language users. German, spoken by just 12 100 million people, is one of the world's ten-largest languages in terms of population. As English and German speakers constitute the majorities in several of the world's most economically, militarily, and technologically 13 countries, it is important to be familiar 14 this particular language grouping. Linguists further divide the Germanic languages 15 three groups, two extant and one extinct. East Germanic languages are no longer spoken; Gothic is an example 16 this small and historic grouping. Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Flemish, and German 17 the more important languages within the West Germanic grouping. The Scandinavian languages 18 Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish comprise the North Germanic grouping. Though these languages cannot be easily understood 19 theirdifferent speakers, the similarities 20 vocabulary are striking.( G )In most cities, large and small, you can eat Mexican 1small towns have a coffee shop serving simple meals, drinks 2 all kinds --- and excellent, freshly-made coffee. You sit 3 the counter, or are served at a table. Service 4 restaurants and coffee shops is efficient and friendly. Waiters and waitresses often introduce themselves: "Hi! I am Don. What can I get you folks?" This friendliness 5 natural and not entirely influenced by the hope of a high tip. In any case, people usually tip 15% of the check. One of the pleasantest things about waiters and waitresses is that they refill your coffee cup several times 6 no extra charge! Many American families pride themselves 7 their cooking, and have deep freezers, 8 they store food that they grow in their gardens or buy in the supermarket. Supermarkets 9 large self-service stores selling every kind of food --- fresh, canned or frozen. So, 10 the fast-food restaurants, their produce is less expensive and easier to market. There have been supermarkets in the USA 11 the 1930s, and they have now spread 12 a large part of the world. Perhaps diversity of food was one of the reasons of immigrants in great numbers 13 many other countries 14 America in the past. And diversity of food comes from variety of population make-up. It may be 15 the case today. ( H )One of the odder coincidences of physical geography is the fact 1double islands, roughly the same size, positioned 2 each other's antipodes. The islands of England and Ireland in the Northern Hemisphere and the islands of North Island and South Island in the Southern Hemisphere are just 3 a coincidence. The first two islands comprise the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, and the second two islands comprise New Zealand. Among these four islands, there can be no doubt 4 South Island is the least polluted and most spectacularly scenic of them all. The island of England, politically constituting England, Scotland, and Wales of the United Kingdom, is dotted 5 country villages set alongside rivers and lakes. There are not very tall but nonetheless rugged mountains in the north, and endless miles 6 rocky coastline that seem mystical. Ireland, too, is a paradise of greenery, with far fewer people than populous England and 7 more quaint villages scattered among its low-lying hills and forever green fields. North Island in New Zealand sports a balmy climate and the beaches to make use 8 it; one beach alone is more than 150 kilometers long, and with relatively few people 9 its shores, one can pretend one is at the very end of the earth. V olcanoes, large lakes, and quickly flowing rivers traverse the land. For those 10 like mountains, South Island is sure to please. Mt. Cook at 3,764 meters is its highest peak, with 16 others above 3,000 meters. Naturally, many local and foreign mountain climbers come here 11 the challenge of these Southern Alps. In addition, there is an extensive glaciersystem, endless forests, and innumerable lakes throughout this highland area. Some of the world's best mountain scenery is available 12 the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps. Perhaps you prefer the sea? South Island is not only an island, but many tiny islets can be found 13 its coastline. Great deep-sea fishing, scuba diving, and snorkeling can be had, 14 the waters here are cooler than those of North Island. As fewer people live on South Island than on North Island, those 15 crave solitude and pristine beaches will be amazed at their luck here. With almost no heavy industry 16 South Island, the air, water, and land are all free of pollution. The local seafood is therefore clean, plentiful, and never-ending. Do healthful climates interest you? South Island is the place to be. Its temperate climate sees little snow 17 in the highlands and mountainous areas. Like Ireland and England, there are no extremes 18 temperature, either. Summers are warm, not hot, and winters are brisk 19 than freezing. The fresh air is sometimes humid 20 the abundant rainfall of this area. Every season invites the nature lover to get out and be active 21 the countryside. South Island is the world's best-kept secret. If Nature's paradise sounds alluring, make a point of visiting South Island. ( I )Companies 1into low-cost and free classifieds online. But holding share via ultra-low prices means, in bottom-line terms, 2 you lose for winning, substituting lower-margin for higher-margin business. Knight Ridder exec Schneider disputes the lower-margin claim, pointing to successes 3 online and offline classified packages. But that doesn't convince. Given the Internet's vast, almost infinite, expanse, scarcity will never drive ad pricing online. There's just 4 much inventory out there. No medium disappears quickly, and it will be a while 5 rusting newspaper boxes creak vacantly 6 the breeze. Newspaper companies now 6 digital deals. Recently, Gannett 8 online ad tech provider PointRoU, and E.W. Scripps snagged comparison shopping service Shopzilla. Diversifying 9 snapping up Web outfits --- and 10 lies an unpleasant reminder. Newspapers are cockroaches. But the Net's starting to 11 Black Flag. And the Internet seams to be deciding the fate 12 the media.( J )The ad 1or your money back." I'm familiar 2 computer programs that correct spelling 3 the use of built-in dictionaries. But the ad for this program said that it would correct "stylistic errors". Style. That's a big part 4 what writing is about. So I stopped 5 the computer store to give it a test run. I wanted to see what the program would say 6 one of my favorite pieces of writing. I typed it into the computer. Then the computer printed 7 a critique. Here it is: (1). Long sentences can be difficult to read and understand. Consider revising 8 thatno 9 than one complete thought is expressed in each sentence. Passive voice: "are created." Consider 10 active. Usually a paragraph should have more than one sentence. (2). Passive voice: "are engaged." Consider using active. See "Help" key 11 more information. (3). Passive voice: "are met." Consider using active. (4). Delete doubled word “that”. (5). Use "But" sparingly to start a sentence.(6). An adjective "long" is usually not followed 12 a verb "remember." You may need to use an adverbial 13 of "long" or a comma before "remember." (7). This word “rather” usually adds little and should be omitted. (8). "That" is almost always preferred in this situation. If you 14 mean "which", then it usually needs to be preceded by a comma, See "Help" key for more information. (9). This word “rather” usually adds 15 and should be omitted. (10). Usually "these" should be followed by a plural noun. That's something. As often 16 I've read this speech, getting a lump 17 my throat every time, I've never detected one stylistic problem, much less 13. It shows how little I know! But I suppose 18 we really shouldn't expect anything better 19 someone who grew up in a log cabin, hoofed toa one-room Schoolhouse and never made it to college. We might remember, though,20 Abe Lincoln was at a stylistic disadvantage when he wrote his Gettysburg Address. The poor guy didn't have a "Help" key to push.( K )1. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least importance are skills.2. There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up.3. I've got one more page to write; I've finished.4. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly .5. It’s hard for him playing against me. I’ve got nothing to play for, but for him, heneeds to win . 跟我比赛他很辛苦。
职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案解析WORD版
2011年职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案解析第1部分: 词汇选项(第1～15题, 每题1分, 共15分)下面共有15个句子, 每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线, 请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.Fo.som.obscur.reason.th.simpl.gam.i.becomin.ver.popular.A.unclea.B.obviou.C.majo.D.minor答案: .unclear--.obscure2.Th.se.turtle’.natura.habi.a.ha.bee.considerabl.reduced..greatl..suddenl..generall..slightly答案选择A(greatly..considerably3..go..not.fro.Moir.urgin.m.t.ge.i.touch..instructin..notifyin..pushin..inviting答案: .(push)-.urge4.I.i.possibl.t.approac.th.proble.i..differen.way..rais..pos..experienc..handle答案: .handle—approach5.Th.decisio.t.invad.provoke.storm.o.protest。
anize..cause..received答案: .cause.----provoke:6.Jan.sai.tha.sh.couldn’.tolerat.th.lon.hours.s..stand答案: .stand.tolerate7.A.80,Pec.wa.stil.vigorou.an.livin.i.Paris..energeti.Bhapp..alon..busy答案: .energetic---vigorous8.Foreste.stare.a.hi.car, tremblin.wit.rage..shakin..turnin..jumpin.Dshouting答案: .shak..tremble9..youn.ma.i.bein.haile..her.tonigh.afte.rescuin.tw.children..reporte..prove.Cpraise..caught答案: Cpraise.---hail:10..wante.t.as.he.ou.bu.wa.scare.tha.sh.migh.refuse..anxiou..sur..sa..afraid答案..afraid---.scared11.A.tha.time.w.di.no.full.gras.th.significanc.o.wha.ha.happened..giv..attac..los..understand答案..understand--.grasp12.Anderso.lef.th.table, remarkin.tha.h.ha.som.wor.t.d...doubtin..sayin..thinkin..knowing答案: .saying--.remarking13.H.asserte.tha.nuclea.powe.wa..saf.an.non-pollutin.energ.source..maintaine..recommende..considere..acknowledged答案: .(maintain..assert14.Th.stud.als.note..stead.declin.i.th.numbe.o.colleg.student.takin.scienc.courses..relativ..genera..continuou..sharp答案: .(continuous..steady15.Sh.alway.find.faul.wit.everything,.criticize..simplifie..evaluate..examines答案: .criticizes--.find.faul.with第2部分: 阅读判断(第16～22题, 每题1分, 共7分)阅读下面这篇短文, 短文后列出了7个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2011 年职称英语等级考试真题(综合类A 级)[共15页]
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2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1. For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor2. The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A. greatlyB. suddenlyC. generallyD. slightly3. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A. instructingB. notifyingC. pushingD. inviting4. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A. raiseB. poseC. experienceD. handle5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A. ignoredB. organizedC. causedD. received6. Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A. spendB. takeC. lastD. stand7. At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A. energeticB. happyC. aloneD. busy8. Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A. shakingB. turningC. jumpingD. shouting9. A young man is being hailed as hero tonight after rescuing two children.A. reportedB. provedC. praisedD. caught10. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A. anxiousB. sureC. sadD. afraid11. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A. giveB. attachC. loseD. understand12. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A. doubtingB. sayingC. thinkingD. knowing13. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A. maintainedB. recommendedC. consideredD. acknowledged14. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relativeB. generalC. continuousD. sharp15. She always finds fault with everything，A. criticizesB. simplifiesC. evaluatesD. examines- 148 -2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类A级）第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析
2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析(理工类A级)第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分。
共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．D【解析】题意：海龟的自然栖息地大大地减少了。
划线词词义是“相当大的”。
A项suddenly意为突然地；例句：Suddenly he began to shriek loudly．突然他开始大声尖叫起来。
B项generally意为一般地；例句：Generally speaking，women live longer than men．一般而言，女人的寿命比男人长。
C项slightly意为轻微地。
例句：He is slightly drunk．他有些醉了。
D项greatly意为大大地；例句：His writing has improved greatly in this semester．这学期他的写作有了很大进步。
很明显D项正确。
2。
C【解析】题意：安德森离开了桌子，同时说他有些工作要去做。
划线词词义是“说，讲”。
A项doubting意为怀疑；例句：I doubt the truth of it。
我怀疑此事的真实性。
B项thinking意为想；例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity．独立思考是绝对必要的。
C项saying意为说；例句：Be quiet，I‟ve something to say to you．安静，我有话要对你们讲。
D项knowing意为知道。
例句：There‟s no knowing what they will do．没法知道他们会做些什么。
很明显C项是正确选项。
3．B【解析】题意：我从莫伊拉那里得到一张便条，催促我尽快联系。
划线词词义是“催促”。
A项instructing意为教导，指示；例句：His uncle instructed him in French．他的叔叔教他法语。
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1. We go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we ~ a movie.
A. take in B. keep down C. take over D. take after
A. expand B. offer C. price D. charge
13. A professional degree will __ an average annual income of about twice that of
college graduates.
A. feel like B. result in C. hold on D. keep to
17. You will find the figure of a conqueror or a general on all the highest __ in the
great cities of the world.
A. pillows B. pillars C. columns D. plugs
A. carries out B. carries off C. carries about D. carries for
4. The captain of the ship ~ the passengers that there was no danger.
A. confined B. insisted C. ensured D. assured
14. That caves of Altamira, which were __ in northern Spain, contain interesting
paintings by early cave dwellers.
A. found B. invented C. discovered D. created
33. We've bought a new house. We'll move in soon and we need to buy __
furniture.
A. some other B. another C. other D. others
34. Please have your doctor __ that prescription.
A. signed B. to sign C. signing D. sign
35. A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn __ act as
A. what B. which C. this D. of which
24. So frightened __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.
A. was the girl B. the girl was
C. such a girl was D. that the girl was
USA anybody of any age can drink it on any without embarrassment.
A. choice B. occasion C. occupation D. occurrence
12. The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra
25. An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately_ from
Marathon to Athens.
A. the distance B. distance
C. the distance is D. is the distance
27. He preferred not to with that group.
A. identifying B. identify himself
C. identify D. being identified himself
28. He speaks English, but not __ his sister does.
22. The peasants __ their land.
A. deprived B. were deprived
C. deprived of D. were deprived of
23. He failed his exam, __ proved that he wasn't working hard enough.
5. The speaker is the person who ~ a speech transaction.
A. initial B. initiates C. initiatives D. initiation
6. Never one to ~ second best, John tried his best to solve the problem.
9. When all the present oilfields are , its is possible that the North Pole may
become the scene of oil activity.
A. exhibited B. exhausted C. exploited D. exposed
18. Personal worth and self-esteem is the basis of a good __ health.
A. physical B. mental C. practical D. natural
19. If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not __ going to the
A. admit B. accept C. convince D. receive
7. The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being ~ continuously; even as we speak
submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.
2011中石油职称英语考试及答案--17
I. Vocabulary
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes
doctor.
A. put off B. hold back C. put aside D. hold up
20. You'll have to buy some new shoes as these are __
A. used up B. wasted away C. broken down D. worn out
A. rehearsed B. revised C. renewed D. retiled
8. The suppliers undoubtedly will get rich at the ___ of the customers.
A. expanse B. spend C. warrant D. expense
10. The man ~ that most poets and scientists are male.
A. deal with B. point out C. hold up D. hand on
11. Whereas outside the USA, Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the
15. A green building is __ to have reduced its environmental impact by 60%
compared with an equivalent conventional building.
A. established B. estimated C. computed D. counted
the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
21. I could see from his face that he bad news.
A. had received B. receives C. received D. has received
II. Grammatical Structure
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes
A. was worn B. was wearing C. wears D. wearing
30. Though in New York, Peter had always preferred to record the plain facts