1991年1月六级真题(改错答案暂缺)
1990年1月大学英语六级考试真题和答案解析
1990年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A1. A) Read four chapters.B) Write an article.C) Speak before the class.D) Preview two chapters.2. A) The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B) The woman is asking for a promotion.C) The woman is applying for a job.D) The woman is being given an examination.3. A) His car was hit by another car.B) He was hurt while playing volleyball.C) He fell down the stairs.D) While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.4. A) Took a photo of him.B) Bought him a picture.C) Held a birthday party.D) Bought him a frame for his picture.5. A) No medicine could solve the woman’s problem.B) The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C) Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D) The woman should choose the right foods.6. A) He meant she should make a phone call if anything went wrong.B) He meant for her just to wait till help came.C) He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D) He promised to give her himself.7. A) No, he missed it.B) No, he didn’t.C) Yes, he did.D) Yes, he probably did.8. A) He has edited three books.B) He has bought the wrong book.C) He has lost half of his money.D) He has found the book that will be used.9. A) At 7:30B) At 8:30C) At 9:00D) At 9:3010. A) Six.B) Seven.C) Eight.D) Nine.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They often take place in her major industries.B) British trade unions are more powerful.C) There are more trade union members in Britain.D) Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12. A) Such strikes are against the British law.B) Such strikes are unpredictable.C) Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D) Such strikes occur frequently these days.13. A) Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B) Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.C) Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D) Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The victory over one’s fellow runners.B) The victory over former winners.C) The victory of will-power over fatigue.D) The victory of one’s physical strength.15. A) The runner who runs to keep fit.B) The runner who breaks the record.C) The runner who does not break the rules.D) The runner who covers the whole distance.16. A) He won the first prize.B) He fell behind the other runners.C) He died because of fatigue.D) He gave up because he was tired.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) 17,000.B) 1,700.C) 24.D) 9,000.18. A) It’s located in a college town.B) It’s composed of a group of old buildings.C) Its classrooms are beautifully designed.D) Its library is often crowed with students.19. A) Teachers are well paid at Deep Springs.B) Students are mainly from New York State.C) The length of schooling is two years.D) Teachers needn’t pay for their rent and meals.20. A) Take a walk in the desert.B) Go to a cinema.C) Watch TV programmes.D) Attend a party.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labour’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken theview that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignment. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working time.21. Though labour worries about the effect of automation, it does not doubt that________.A) automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB) automation will help workers acquire new skillsC) automation will eventually benefit the workers no less that the employersD) automation is a trend which cannot be stopped22. The idea of the “improvement factor” (Line 6, Para. 3) probably implies that________.A) wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB) the benefit of increased production and lower costs should be shared by workersC) supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD) the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum ofinconvenience and distress to workers23. In order to get the full benefits of automation, labour will depend mostly on________.A) additional payment to the permanently dismissed workersB) the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC) shorter working hours and more leisure timeD) a strong drive for planning new installations24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.B) Labour and the effects of automation.C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D) Social benefits of automation.Questions 25 to 30 are based on the following passage.The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citize ns than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now thatclose to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault! Is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if alittle schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.25. According to the passage, the author believes that ________.A) people used to question the value of college educationB) people used to have full confidence in higher educationC) all high school graduates went to collegeD) very few high school graduates chose to go to college26. In the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to ________.A) high school graduates who aren’t suitable for college educationB) college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC) college students who aren’t any better for their higher educationD) high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college27. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because ________.A) young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB) many young people are required to join the armyC) young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD) young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school28. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise fromthe fact that ________.A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB) high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC) too many students have to earn their own livingD) college administrators encourage students to drop out29. In this passage the author argues that ________.A) more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing forhigh school graduatesB) college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC) college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learningpeopleD) intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college30. The “surveys and statistics” mentioned in the last paragraph might have shownthat ________.A) college-educated people are more successful than non-college-educated peopleB) college education was not the first choice of intelligent peopleC) the less schooling a person has the better it is for himD) most people have sweet memories of college lifeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be themechanist’s trade or bookkeeping (簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.31. It is implied that fifty years ago ________.A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as thatof industrial workersD) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that ofindustrial workers32. According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, ________.A) factory labourers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB) there are as many middle-class employees as factory labourersC) employers have attached great importance to factory labourersD) the proportion of factory labourers in the total employee population has decreased33. The word “dubious” (L. 2, Para. 2) most probably means ________.A) valuableB) usefulC) doubtfulD) helpful34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is ________.A) less importance than awareness of being a good employeeB) as important as the ability to deal with public relationsC) more important than employer-employee relationsD) more important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization35. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one ________.A) to be more successful in his careerB) to be more specialized in his fieldC) to solve technical problemsD) to develop his professional skillQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week;a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time isspent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (发生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.36. Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” nota mere academic question?A) Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B) Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C) Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D) Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.37. The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in ________.A) the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automationB) the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts toofrequentlyC) the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD) the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers38. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be________.A) to change shifts at longer intervalsB) to have longer shiftsC) to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD) to create better living conditions for night workers39. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine bymeasuring his body temperature because ________.A) body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB) body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC) the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD) people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently40. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker’s performance.B) The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be thebest solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C) Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to thechanges of routine.D) Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or dayshifts.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it ________ undrinkable bynow.A) becameB) had becomeC) has becomeD) becomes42. Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ________, anyone who doesn’tknow the code will not be able to read it.A) that isB) worse stillC) in shortD) on the other hand43. His long service with the company was ________ with a present.A) admittedB) acknowledgedC) attributedD) accepted44. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soils and the waterof its lakes, rivers and oceans.A) areB) isC) doD) has45. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses________.A) in betweenB) among themC) far apartD) from each other46. The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ________ action.A) acuteB) alertC) profoundD) prompt47. Children and old people do not like having their daily ________ upset.A) habitB) practiceC) routineD) custom48. The criminal always paid ________ cash so the police could not track him down.A) onB) byC) forD) in49. ________ when she started complaining.A) Not until he arrivedB) Hardly had he arrivedC) No sooner had he arrivedD) Scarcely did he arrive50. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.A) thatB) itC) oneD) what51. Professor smith and Professor Brown will ________ in giving the class lectures.A) alterB) changeC) alternateD) differ52. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A) oneB) the oneC) thatD) such53. The manager promised to have my complaint ________.A) looked throughB) looked intoC) looked overD) looked after54. You can’t be ________ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A) veryB) quiteC) tooD) so55. Children are ________ to have some accidents as they grow up.A) obviousB) indispensableC) boundD) doubtless56. We have done things we ought not to have done and ________ undone thingswe ought to have done.A) leavingB) will leaveC) leftD) leave57. The ratio of the work done by the machine ________ the work done on it is calledthe efficiency of the machine.A) againstB) withC) toD) for58. ________ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) In case ofB) In spite ofC) Because ofD) But for59. In your first days at the school you’ll be given a test to help the teachers to________ you to a class at your level.A) locateB) assignC) deliverD) place60. The story that follows ________ two famous characters of the rocky Mountain goldrush days.A) concernsB) statesC) proclaimsD) relates61. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ________before the West was settled.A) couldB) wasC) wouldD) did62. People who refuse to ________ with the law will be punished.A) obeyB) consentC) concealD) comply63. I ________ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.A) ought to have writtenB) must have writtenC) couldn’t have writtenD) needn’t have written64. These excursions will give you an even deeper ________ into our language andculture.A) inquiryB) investigationC) inputD) insight65. There is no electricity again. Has the ________ blown then?A) fuseB) wireD) circuit66. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any onecountry; ________ is this more true than in Europe.A) hardlyB) littleC) seldomD) nowhere67. The mother didn’t know who ________ for the broken glass.A) will blameB) to blameC) blamedD) blames68. Every society has its own peculiar customs and ________ of acting.A) waysB) attitudesC) behaviorD) means69. If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say somethingin the way of ________.A) assuranceB) persuasionC) encouragementD) confirmation70. China started its nuclear power industry only in recent years, and should ________no time in catching up.A) delayC) lagD) lessenPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add aword or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in theblanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct wordin the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) inthe right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word,cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:╱. 1.Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periodstime/times/period╱used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______ Many of the arguments havinga school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3. ______the______Changes in the way people live bring about changes in the jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms (71) and in villages. Cities and states have to provide services city people want, such like more police protection, more hospitals, and more (72) schools. This means that more policemen, more nurses and technicians, and more teachers must be hired. Advances in technology has also (73) changed people’s lives. Dishwashers and washi ng machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. The widespread use of such electrical appliances (74) means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly (75)People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in (76) the wayof life. As income goes down, people may not want more food to (77) eat or more clothes to wear. But they may want more and better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in (78) these services.The government also affects the kind of works people do. The governments (79) of most countries spend huge sums of money for international (80) defense. They hire thousands of engineers, scientists, clerks, typists and secretaries to work on the many different aspects of defence.Part V Writing (30 minutes)OUTLINE:问题：城市交通拥挤解决方案：(solution):1. 建造(lay down)更多道路优点：(1) 降低街道拥挤程度(2) 加速车流(flow of traffic)缺点：占地过多2. 开辟(open up)更多公共汽车线路优点：减少自行车与小汽车缺点：对部分人可能造成不方便结论：两者结合How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic1990年1月六级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IV71. (instead) →(instead) of72. like →as to73. has →have74. the (hand) →/(hand)75. it →them76. (leads) →(leads) to 或leads →causes77. down →up78. Nevertheless →Therefore/So79. works →work/job/jobs80. international →national。
[大学英语六级历年真题]全国六级历年真题
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[大学英语六级历年真题]全国六级历年真题篇一：英语六级CET6历年真题大全37套(附答案)目录I 历年来英语六级真题使用说明 . 壹1990年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (1)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (1)SectionA (1)SectionB (2)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) (4)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes) (10)Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) (15)Part V Writing (30minutes) (16)1990年1月六级参考答案 (17)1990年1月六级听力原文 (19)1990年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (23)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (23)2324Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) (26)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes) (32)Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) (37)Part V Writing (30minutes) (38)1990年6月六级参考答案 (39)1991年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (40)minutes) (40)4041Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) (42)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes) (48)Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) (53)Part V Writing (30minutes) (54)1991年1月六级参考答案 (55)1991年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (56)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (56)SectionA (56)SectionB (57)minutes) (59)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes) (65)Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) (70)Part V Writing (30minutes) (70)目录II1991年6月六级参考答案 (72)1991年6月六级听力原文 (74)1992年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (78)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (78)SectionA (78)SectionB (79)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) (81)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes) (86)Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) (91)Part V Writing (30minutes) (92)1992年1月六级参考答案 (93)1992年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (94)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (94)9495Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................... 97 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 103 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 108 Part V Writing (30 minutes) .. (108)1992年6月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 110 1993年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (111)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (111)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 114 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 119 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 125 Part V Writing (30 minutes) .. (125)1993年1月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 127 1993年1月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 128 1993年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (132)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (132)SectionA (132)Section B .............................................................................................................................133 Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 135 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 140 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 146 Part V Writing (30 minutes) .. (146)1993年6月六级参考答案 (147)目录III 1993年6月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 149 1994年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (153)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (153)SectionA (153)Section B ............................................................................................................................. 154 Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 156 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (35 minutes) ........................................................................... 162 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 167 Part V Writing(30 minutes) (168)1994年1月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 169 1994年1月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 170 1995年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (174)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (174)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 177 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 183 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 188 Part V Writing (30 minutes) .. (189)1995年1月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 190 1995年1月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 192 1995年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (196)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (196)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 199 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 205 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 210 Part V Writing (30 minutes) .. (211)1995年6月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 212 1995年6月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 214 1996年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (218)Part I Listening prehension (20 minutes) (218)SectionA (218)Section B ............................................................................................................................. 219 Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 221 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 228 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 233 Part V Writing (30 minutes) .. (234)目录IV 1996年1月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 235 1996年1月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 237 1996年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (240)Part I Listening prehension (20 minutes) (240)SectionA (240)Section B ............................................................................................................................. 241 Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 243 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 249 Part IV Error Correction (15minutes) ......................................................................................... 255 Part V Writing (30 minutes) .. (255)1996年6月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 257 1996年6月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 259 1997年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (262)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (262)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 265 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) ........................................................................... 271 Part IV Short Answer Questions (15minutes) ............................................................................ 277 Part V Writing (30 minutes) ........................................................................................................ 278 1997年1月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 279 1997年1月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 280 1997年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (284)Part I Listening prehension (20 minutes) (284)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 287 Part III Vocabulary and Structure ................................................................................................ 293 Part IVshort Answer Questions (15minutes) ............................................................................. 299 Part V Writing (30 minutes) ........................................................................................................ 300 1997年6月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 301 1997年6月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 302 1998年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (305)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (305)SectionA (305)Section B ............................................................................................................................. 306 Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 308 Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) ................................................................................................. 314 Part IV Short Answer Questions (15minutes) (320)目录VPart V Writing (30minutes) ........................................................................................................ 321 1998年1月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 322 1998年1月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 324 1998年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (328)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (328)SectionA (328)Section B ............................................................................................................................. 329 Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 331 Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) ................................................................................................. 338 Part IV Short Answer Questions (15minutes) ............................................................................ 343 Part V Writing (30 minutes) ........................................................................................................ 344 1998年6月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 345 1998年6月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 346 1999年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (350)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (350)Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 353 Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) ................................................................................................. 360 Part IV Short Answer Questions (15minutes) ............................................................................ 365 Part V Writing (30 minutes) ........................................................................................................ 366 1999年1月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 367 1999年1月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 368 1999年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (372)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (372)........................................................................................... 373 Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) .. (374)Part III Vocabulary (20minutes) ................................................................................................. 381 Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) ..........................................................................................................386 Part VI Writing (30minutes) ....................................................................................................... 389 1999年6月六级参考答案 ................................................................................................................ 391 1999年6月六级听力原文 ................................................................................................................ 393 2000年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 (395)Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes) (395)SectionA (395)Section B ............................................................................................................................. 396 Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes) ............................................................................. 398 Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) . (404)篇二：2016年12月英语六级(CET6)真题及答案(完整版))2016年12月CET6大学英语六级真题及答案解析【官方完整版】Part I 写作Writing(30 minutes)Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourageinnovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the ing challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参考译文】众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。
1990年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案
1990年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A1. A) Read four chapters.B) Write an article.C) Speak before the class.D) Preview two chapters.2. A) The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B) The woman is asking for a promotion.C) The woman is applying for a job.D) The woman is being given an examination.3. A) His car was hit by another car.B) He was hurt while playing volleyball.C) He fell down the stairs.D) While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.4. A) Took a photo of him.B) Bought him a picture.C) Held a birthday party.D) Bought him a frame for his picture.5. A) No medicine could solve the woman’s problem.B) The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C) Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D) The woman should choose the right foods.6. A) He meant she should make a phone call if anything went wrong.B) He meant for her just to wait till help came.C) He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D) He promised to give her himself.7. A) No, he missed it.B) No, he didn’t.C) Yes, he did.D) Yes, he probably did.8. A) He has edited three books.B) He has bought the wrong book.C) He has lost half of his money.D) He has found the book that will be used.9. A) At 7:30B) At 8:30C) At 9:00D) At 9:3010. A) Six.B) Seven.C) Eight.D) Nine.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They often take place in her major industries.B) British trade unions are more powerful.C) There are more trade union members in Britain.D) Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12. A) Such strikes are against the British law.B) Such strikes are unpredictable.C) Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D) Such strikes occur frequently these days.13. A) Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B) Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.C) Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D) Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The victory over one’s fellow runners.B) The victory over former winners.C) The victory of will-power over fatigue.D) The victory of one’s physical strength.15. A) The runner who runs to keep fit.B) The runner who breaks the record.C) The runner who does not break the rules.D) The runner who covers the whole distance.16. A) He won the first prize.B) He fell behind the other runners.C) He died because of fatigue.D) He gave up because he was tired.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) 17,000.B) 1,700.C) 24.D) 9,000.18. A) It’s located in a college town.B) It’s composed of a group of old buildings.C) Its classrooms are beautifully designed.D) Its library is often crowed with students.19. A) Teachers are well paid at Deep Springs.B) Students are mainly from New York State.C) The length of schooling is two years.D) Teachers needn’t pay for their rent and meals.20. A) Take a walk in the desert.B) Go to a cinema.C) Watch TV programmes.D) Attend a party.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labour’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignment. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working time.21. Though labour worries about the effect of automation, it does not doubt that________.A) automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB) automation will help workers acquire new skillsC) automation will eventually benefit the workers no less that the employersD) automation is a trend which cannot be stopped22. The idea of the “improvement factor” (Line 6, Para. 3) probably implies that________.A) wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB) the benefit of increased production and lower costs should be shared by workersC) supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD) the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum ofinconvenience and distress to workers23. In order to get the full benefits of automation, labour will depend mostly on________.A) additional payment to the permanently dismissed workersB) the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC) shorter working hours and more leisure timeD) a strong drive for planning new installations24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.B) Labour and the effects of automation.C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D) Social benefits of automation.Questions 25 to 30 are based on the following passage.The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more mo ney, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault! Is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have beensuccessful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.25. According to the passage, the author believes that ________.A) people used to question the value of college educationB) people used to have full confidence in higher educationC) all high school graduates went to collegeD) very few high school graduates chose to go to college26. In the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to ________.A) high school graduates who aren’t suitable for college educationB) college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC) college students who aren’t any better for their higher educationD) high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college27. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because ________.A) young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB) many young people are required to join the armyC) young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD) young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduateschool28. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from thefact that ________.A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB) high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC) too many students have to earn their own livingD) college administrators encourage students to drop out29. In this passage the author argues that ________.A) more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing forhigh school graduatesB) college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC) college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learningpeopleD) intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college30. The “surveys and statistics” mentioned in the last paragraph might have shown that________.A) college-educated people are more successful than non-college-educated peopleB) college education was not the first choice of intelligent peopleC) the less schooling a person has the better it is for himD) most people have sweet memories of college lifeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist’s trade or bookkeeping (簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.31. It is implied that fifty years ago ________.A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as thatof industrial workersD) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that ofindustrial workers32. According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, ________.A) factory labourers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB) there are as many middle-class employees as factory labourersC) employers have attached great importance to factory labourersD) the proportion of factory labourers in the total employee population hasdecreased33. The word “dubious” (L. 2, Para. 2) most probably means ________.A) valuableB) usefulC) doubtfulD) helpful34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is ________.A) less importance than awareness of being a good employeeB) as important as the ability to deal with public relationsC) more important than employer-employee relationsD) more important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization35. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one ________.A) to be more successful in his careerB) to be more specialized in his fieldC) to solve technical problemsD) to develop his professional skillQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (发生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, butno abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.36. Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not amere academic question?A) Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B) Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C) Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D) Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.37. The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in ________.A) the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction ofautomationB) the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts toofrequentlyC) the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD) the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers38. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be________.A) to change shifts at longer intervalsB) to have longer shiftsC) to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD) to create better living conditions for night workers39. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine bymeasuring his body temperature because ________.A) body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB) body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC) the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD) people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently40. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker’s performance.B) The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be thebest solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C) Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts tothe changes of routine.D) Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or dayshifts.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it ________ undrinkable bynow.A) becameB) had becomeC) has becomeD) becomes42. Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ________, anyone who doesn’tknow the code will not be able to read it.A) that isB) worse stillC) in shortD) on the other hand43. His long service with the company was ________ with a present.A) admittedB) acknowledgedC) attributedD) accepted44. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soils and the water ofits lakes, rivers and oceans.A) areB) isC) doD) has45. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ________.A) in betweenB) among themC) far apartD) from each other46. The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ________ action.A) acuteB) alertC) profoundD) prompt47. Children and old people do not like having their daily ________ upset.A) habitB) practiceC) routineD) custom48. The criminal always paid ________ cash so the police could not track him down.A) onB) byC) forD) in49. ________ when she started complaining.A) Not until he arrivedB) Hardly had he arrivedC) No sooner had he arrivedD) Scarcely did he arrive50. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.A) thatB) itC) oneD) what51. Professor smith and Professor Brown will ________ in giving the class lectures.A) alterB) changeC) alternateD) differ52. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containingas many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A) oneB) the oneC) thatD) such53. The manager promised to have my complaint ________.A) looked throughB) looked intoC) looked overD) looked after54. You can’t be ________ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A) veryB) quiteC) tooD) so55. Children are ________ to have some accidents as they grow up.A) obviousB) indispensableC) boundD) doubtless56. We have done things we ought not to have done and ________ undone things weought to have done.A) leavingB) will leaveC) leftD) leave57. The ratio of the work done by the machine ________ the work done on it is calledthe efficiency of the machine.A) againstB) withC) toD) for58. ________ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) In case ofB) In spite ofC) Because ofD) But for59. In your first days at the school you’ll be given a test to help the teachers to________ you to a class at your level.A) locateB) assignC) deliverD) place60. The story that follows ________ two famous characters of the rocky Mountain goldrush days.A) concernsB) statesC) proclaimsD) relates61. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ________before the West was settled.A) couldB) wasC) wouldD) did62. People who refuse to ________ with the law will be punished.A) obeyB) consentC) conceal63. I ________ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.A) ought to have writtenB) must have writtenC) couldn’t have writtenD) needn’t have written64. These excursions will give you an even deeper ________ into our language andculture.A) inquiryB) investigationC) inputD) insight65. There is no electricity again. Has the ________ blown then?A) fuseB) wireC) plugD) circuit66. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country;________ is this more true than in Europe.A) hardlyB) littleC) seldomD) nowhere67. The mother didn’t know who ________ for the broken glass.A) will blameB) to blameC) blamedD) blames68. Every society has its own peculiar customs and ________ of acting.A) waysB) attitudesC) behavior69. If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something inthe way of ________.A) assuranceB) persuasionC) encouragementD) confirmation70. China started its nuclear power industry only in recent years, and should ________no time in catching up.A) delayB) loseC) lagD) lessenPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the correctionsin the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write thecorrect word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in theblank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example:╱. 1. time/times/period Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱ used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______ Many of the arguments havinga school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______Changes in the way people live bring about changes in the jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms (71) and in villages. Cities and states have to provide services city people want, such like more police protection, more hospitals, and more (72) schools. This means that more policemen, more nurses and technicians, and more teachers must be hired. Advances in technology has also (73) changed people’s lives. Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. The widespread use of such electrical appliances (74) means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly (75)People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in (76) the way of life. As income goes down, people may not want more food to (77) eat or more clothes to wear. But they may want more and better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in (78) these services.The government also affects the kind of works people do. The governments (79) of most countries spend huge sums of money for international (80) defense. They hire thousands of engineers, scientists, clerks, typists and secretaries to work on the many different aspects of defence.Part V Writing (30 minutes)OUTLINE:问题：城市交通拥挤解决方案：(solution):1. 建造(lay down)更多道路优点：(1) 降低街道拥挤程度(2) 加速车流(flow of traffic)缺点：占地过多2. 开辟(open up)更多公共汽车线路优点：减少自行车与小汽车缺点：对部分人可能造成不方便结论：两者结合How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic1990年1月六级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IV71. (instead) → (instead) of72. like → as to73. has → have74. the (hand) → /(hand)75. it → them76. (leads) → (leads) to 或 leads → causes77. down → up78. Nevertheless → Therefore/So79. works → work/job/jobs80. international → national。
英语六级考试短文改错典型例题解析
☆ 改正将文中错词用斜线(/)划去，在后面横线上填入正确的词，表示替换该错词。
（请注意我们文章里面用的是periods这种横线，考试应该划斜线的）☆ 删去在文中将错词用斜线(/)划去，在后面横线上也划一斜线(/)，表示该错词是多余的。
☆ 增添在文中两词间加“∧”号，表示有遗漏，然后在横线上添入遗漏的词的正确形式。
例 ----Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. timeMany of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. /as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. thel 题型范例与分析大学英语六级改错是六级考试不同于其他英语水平考试的一种特殊形式。
它之所以备受出题者的青睐，是因为它需要考生对英语具备相当高的综合能力。
考生的得分率往往不高。
无论语法、词汇、理解还是惯用法都能成为改错的对象，因此考生要在改错方面取得好成绩必须具备较好的语言基础知识(词汇、短语和语法)和相当的语言综合运用能力(词义、词形、词性、句型、结构、固定短语等)。
为了让考生迅速熟悉六级改错的题型并掌握解改错题的基本方法，这里以一篇六级改错真题和一篇六级改错模拟题为例，详细讨论六级改错的题型特点，并加以归纳、总结，使考生对六级改错有全面的了解，掌握解题思路和技巧，不至于考试时看到一道改错题，觉得无从下手。
ONELiving is risky. Crossing the road, driving a car, flying,swallowing an aspirin tablet or eating a chicken sandwich—theycan all be fatal. Clearly some risks worth taking, especially 71._______when the rewards are high: a man surroundedby flames andsmoke generally considers that jumping out of a second floorwindow is an acceptable risk to save its life. But in medicine a 72._______few procedures, drugs, operations or testsare really a matter of 73._______life and death. There may be sound medicine reasons for ac- 74. _______cepting electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totallydependent in the balance of risks andbenefits for the patients. 75. _______Surgery for cancer may cure or prolong a life, but the re-moval of tonsils(扁桃体)cannot save anythinga sore throat. 76. _______Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after aheart attack, but these same drugs may beboth necessary and 77. _______harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems.Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to 78._______put up with in the name of better health is a high personal mat- 79. _______ter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. 80. _______[注释]71 risks ∧ worth → are本句有一个由“when”引导的时间状语从句。
1月大学英语六级真题及答案
xx年1月大学英语六级真题及答案Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A). ,B). , C). and D). . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a sing line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his suess raising new doubts about the worth of the business world#39;s favorite academic title: the MBA(Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly merce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run panies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last fiveyears or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to getan MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.” The suess of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over theworth of a business degree and whether management skillscan be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize plaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don#39;t understand politics and people, and they aren#39;t able to function as part of a team untiltheir third year. But by then, they#39;re out looking for other jobs.” The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importanceand usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women#39;s movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs saythose with the degrees often know how to analyze systemsbut are not so skillful at motivating people. “Theydon#39;t get a lot of grounding in the people side of thebusiness”, said J ames Shaffer, vice-president andprincipal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. 21.Aording to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?A). Scornful. B). Appreciative. C). Envious. D). Realistic.22.It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by . A). the plaints from various employers B). the suess of many non-MBAs C). the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines D). the poor performance of MBAs at work 23.What is the major weakness of MBA holders aording to the Harvard Business Review? A). They are usually self-centered.B). They are aggressive and greedy. C). They keep plaining about their jobs. D). They are not good at dealing with people. 24.From the passage we know that most MBAs . A).can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly B). quittheir jobs once they are familiar with their workmates C). receive salaries that to not match their professional training D). cherish unrealistic expectations about their future 25.What is the passage mainly about? A). Why thereis an increased enrollment in MBA programs. B). The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools. C). Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree. D). A debate held recently on university campuses. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Whenschool officials in Kalkaska, Michigan,closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying thetown#39;s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的)taxpayers. There is some truth to that;the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkask#39;s educators and the state#39;s largest teachers#39; union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state#39;s share of school funding. It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $ 1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against nextyear#39;s state aid, they refused to trim extracuricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller —perhaps more aeptable—tax increase. In fact,closing earlyis costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including$ 600,00 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $ 250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that willcost the district $ 275,000 more. Other signs suggestschool authorities were at least as eager to makeapolitical statement as to keep schools open The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closing, which attracted 14 local and national televison stations and works. The president of the National Education Association,theMEA#39;s parent organization, flew from Washington, D.C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated. Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership(破产管理) and reopen schools immediately;the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week. 26.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded . A). by both the local and state governments B). exclusively by the local government C). mainly by the state government D). by the National Education Association 27.One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was . A). to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staff B). to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issues C). to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the public D). to pressure Michiganlawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools 28.The author seems to disapprove of . A). the Michigan lawmakers#39; endless debating B). the shutting of schools in Kalkaska C). the involvement of the mass media D). delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29.We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are concerned about . A). a raise in the property-tax rate in Michigan B). reopening the schools there immediately C). the attitude of the MEA#39;s parent organization D). making a political issue of the closing of the schools 30.Aording to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of . A). theplexity of the problem B). the political motives on the part of the educators C). the weak response of the state officials D). the strong protest on the part of the students#39; parents Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. German Chancellor (首相) Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy(遗产) includes many of today#39;s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and aidents as a result of growing industrialization Motivated in part by Christian passion(怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse toundercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world#39;s first workers#39; pensation law in 1884. By 1908,the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers#39; pensation insurance. America#39;s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees hadto prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers#39; pensation law in this country passed in1911,and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War Ⅱ,benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below thepoverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national mission to study the problems of workers#39; pensation. Two years later, the mission issued 19 key remendations, including one thatcalled for increasing pensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states#39; average weekly wages. In fact,the average pensation benefit in America has climbed from55 percent of the states#39; average weekly wages in 1972to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10percent increase in pensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in theworkers#39; pensation system, it#39;s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. 31.The world#39;s first workers#39; pensation law was introduced by Bismarck . A). to make industrial production safer B). to speed up the pace of industrialization C). out of religious and political considerations D). for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement 32.We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe . A). was aompanied by an increased number of workshop aidents B). resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs C). required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace D). met growing resistance from laborers working at machines 33.One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting pensation in the early 19th century was that . A). they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law B). different states in the U.S. had totally different pensation programs C). America#39;s average pensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living. D). they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the aident34.After 1972 workers#39; pensation insurance in the U.S.became more favorable to workers so that . A). the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically B). there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims C). the number of workers suing for damages increased D). more money was allocated to their pensation system 35.The author ends the passage with the implication that . A). pensation benefits in America are soaring to new heights B). the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the pensation system C). people from all walks of life can benefit from the pensation system D). money floating in the pensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economyPassage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Early in the age of affluence(富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ, an American r etailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy … We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.” Americans have responded to Lebow#39;s call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has bee a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world#39;s two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of suess being ever prevalent. Overconsumption by theworld#39;s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth.Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and munity have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things. Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert. If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36.The emergence of the affluent society after World WarⅡ . A). gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers B). gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC). led to the reform of the retailing system D). resulted in the worship of consumerism 37.Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is . A). the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals B). the people#39;s desire for a rise in their living standards C). the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption D). the concept that one#39;s suess is measured by how much they consume 38.Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing? A). Because poverty still exists in an affluent society. B). Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction. C). Because overconsumption won#39;t last long due to unrestricted population growth. D). Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization. 39.Aording to the passage, consumerist culture . A). cannot thrive on a fragile economy B). will not aggravate environmental problems C). cannot satisfy human spiritual needs D). will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries 40.It can be inferred from the passage that . A). human spiritual needs should match material affluence B). there is never an end to satisfyingpeople#39;s material needs C). whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue D). how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A). ,B). , C). and D). . Choose the ONE answer that best pletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41.I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my is perfect. A). outlook B). vision C). horizon D). perspective 42.He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in with the Imperial Museum.A). collection B). connection C). collaboration D).bination 43.In those days, executives expected to spendmost of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for ,to retire at the age of 65. A). integrity B). denial C). inpetence D). deduction 44.Others viewed the finding with , noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown. A). optimism B). passion C). caution D). deliberation 45.The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch. A). expedition B). controversy C). dismay D). disaster 46.When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are to fall. A). timely B). simultaneous C). subject D). liable 47.The music aroused an feeling of homesickness in him. A). intentional B). intermittent C). intense D). intrinsic 48.I bought an alarm clock with a(n) dial, which can be seen clearly inthe dark. A). supersonic B). luminous C). audible D). amplified 49.The results are hardly ; he cannot believethey are aurate. A). credible B). contrary C). critical D). crucial 50.This new laser printer is with all leading software. A). parable B). petitive C). patible D). cooperative 51.The ball two or three times before rolling down the slope. A). swayed B). bounced C). hopped D).darted 52.He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and it in a single nod, a gesture boys used then for O.K. when they were pleased. A). shrugged B). tugged C). jerked D). twisted 53.Many types of rock are from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material. A). flung B). propelled C). ejected D). injected 54.With prices so much, it isdifficult for the school to plan a budget. A). vibrating B). fluctuating C). fluttering D). swinging 55.The person who this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise. A). originated B). speculated C). generated D). manufactured 56. that the demand for power continues torise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources bee inadequate. A). Concerning B). Ascertaining C). Assuming D). Regarding 57.Her jewelryunder the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball. A). glared B). glittered C). blazed D). dazzled 58.Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would . A). deteriorate B). degrade C). descend D). decay59.We find that some birds twice a year between hot and cold countries. A). transfer B). mute C). migrate D). emigrate 60.As visiting scholars, they willingly to the customs of the country they live in. A). submit B). conform C). subject D). mit 61.More than 85 percent of French Canada#39;s population speaks French as mother tongue and to the Roman Catholic faith. A). caters B). adheres C). ascribes D). subscribes 62.The professor found himself constantly the question:“ How could anyone do these things?” A). presiding B). poring C). pondering D). presuming 63.Weeks before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery. A). terminated B). elapsed C). overlapped D). expired 64.In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely. A). relieve B). reconcile C). reclaim D). rectify 65.How much of your country#39;s electrical supply is from water power? A). deduced B). detached C). derived D). declined 66.She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the pany#39;s client data, which she intended to in starting her own business. A). dwell on B).e upon C). base on D). draw upon 67.The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are . A). intricate B). fragile C). subtle D). crisp 68.Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this onlythe crisis. A). aelerates B). prevails C). ascends D). precedes 69.He blew out the candle and his way to the door.A). converged B). groped C). strove D). wrenched 70.Often such arguments have the effect of rather than clarifying the issues involved. A). obscuring B). prejudicing C). tackling D). blockingPart Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A). , B). , C). and D). on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. When women do bee managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are woman more highly motivated and 71 than male managers? Some research 72 the idea that woman bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater 73,an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a 74 to bring emotional factors to bear 75 making workplace decisions. These differences are 76 to carry advantages for panies, 77 they expand the range of techniques that can be used to 78 the pany manage its workforce 79. A study missioned by the International Women#39;s Forum 80 a management style used by some women managers(and also by some men) that 81from the mand? andcontrol style 82 used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women 83 participation, share power and information,84 otherpeople#39;s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these 85 reflect their belief that allowing 86 to contribute and to feel 87 and important is a win-win 88 —good for the employees and the organization.” Thestudy#39;s director 89 that “interactive leadership may emerge 90 the management style of choice for many organizations.” 71.A). confronted B). manded C). confined D). mitted 72.A). supports B). argues C). opposes D). despises 73.A). bination B). cooperativeness C). coherence D). correlation 74.A). willingness B). loyalty C). sensitivity D). virtue 75.A). by B). in C). at D). with 76.A). disclosed B). watched C). revised D). seen 77.A). therefore B). whereas C). because D). noheless 78.A). help B). enable C). support D). direct 79.A). evidently B). precisely C). aggressively D). effectively 80.A). developed B). invented C). discovered D). located 81.A). derives B). differs C). descends D). detaches 82.A). inherently B). traditionally C). conditionally D). oasionally 83.A). encourage B). dismiss C). disapprove D). engage 84.A). enhance B). enlarge C). ignore D). degrade 85. A). themes B). subjects C). researches D). things 86.A). managers B). women C). employees D). males 87.A). faithful B). powerfulC). skillful D). thoughtful 88.A). situation B). status C). circumstance D). position 89.A). predicted B). proclaimed C). defied D). diagnosed 90.A). into B). from C). as D).for试卷二Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a position on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words aording to the outline given below in Chinese: 1.当前社会上存在许多不老实的现象 2.老实利人利己，做人应该老实It Pays to Be Honest参考答案PartⅠ1-10. DBDCB CCADD 11-20. DADAC AABDAPartⅡ21-30. ABDDC ADBDB 31-40. CADCB DDBCDPartⅢ41-50. BCCCD DCBAC 51-60 BCCBA CBACB61-70. BCBAC DBABAPartⅣ。
大学英语六级-91_真题-无答案
大学英语六级-91(总分568,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Writing1. 假如你是李静，你想向校长申请参加西部大开发，你要给校长写一封信，信的内容包括：1．表达自己想要参加西部大开发的愿望；2．简要说明自己的理由。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Using Land WiselyA very important world problem-in fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems which face US al the present time--is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.It is not so much the actual population of the world but its rate of increase which is important, It works out to be about 1.6 per cent per annual net increase. In terms of numbers this means something like forty to flay-five million additional people every year. Canada has a population of twenty million - rather less than six months' climb in world population. Take Australia. There are ten million people in Australia. So, it takes the world less than three months to add to itself a population. Let the US take our own crowd- ed country- England and Wales :forty- five to fifty million people--just about a year's supply.By this time tomorrow, and every day ,there will be added to the earth about 120,000 extra people - just about the population of the city of York.I am not talking about birth rate. This is net increase. To give you some idea of birth rate, look at the second hand of your watch. Every second three babies are born somewhere in the world. Another baby ! Another baby! Another baby! You cannot speak quickly enough to keep pace with the birth rate.This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. By A. D. 2000, unless some- thing desperate happens, there will be as many as 7,000,000,000 people on the surface of this earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime.Why is this enormous increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of what is coming to be called Death Control. You have heard of Birth Control? Death Control is something rather different. Death Control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who, a few years ago, would have died of some of the incredibly serious killing diseases, as they used to be. Squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. Medical examinations at school catch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are at work stamping out malaria and other more deadly diseases. If you areseriously ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modem hospital. Medical care helps to keep people alive longer. We used to think seventy was a good age ; now eighty, ninety, it may be, **ing to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. People are living longer because of this Death Control, and fewer children are dying, so the population of the world is shooting up.Imagine the position if you and I and everyone else living on earth shared the surface between us. How much should we have each? It would be just over twelve acres-the sort of size of a small holding. But not all that is useful land which is going to produce food. We can cut out one - fifth of it ,for example, as being too cold. That is land which is covered with ice and snow--Antarctica and Greenland and the great frozen areas of northern Canada. Then we can cut out another fifth as being too dry--the great deserts of the world like the Sahara and the heart of Australia and other areas where there is no known water supply to feed crops and so to produce food. Then we can cut out another fifth as being too mountainous or with too great an elevation above sea level. Then we can cut out another tenth as land which has insufficient soil , probably just rock at the surface. Now ,out of the twelve acres only about four are left as suitable for producing food. But not all that is used. It includes land with enough soil and enough rainfall or water, and enough heat which, at present, we are not using, such as, for example, the great Amazon forests and the Congo forest and the grasslands of Africa. How much are we actually using? Only a little over one acre is what is required to support one human being on an average at the present time.Now we come to the next point, and that is, the haves and the have-nots amongst the countries of the world. The standard share per person for the world is a little over twelve acres per head; potentially usable, about four acres; and actually used about 1.1 acre. We are very often told in Britain to take the United States as an example of what is done or what might be done. Every little American is born into this world with a heritage of the home country, the continental United States, of just, about the world average-- about twelve acres. We can estimate that probably some six acres of the total of twelve of the American homeland is cultivable in the sense I have just given you. But the amount actually used--what the Americans call "improved land" in crops and pasture on farms--is three and a half acres. So the Americans have over three times the world average of land on which to produce food for themselves. On that land they produce more food than they actually require, so they have a surplus for export.Now suppose we take the United States' great neighbour, Canada, to the north. Every Canadian has 140 acres to roam around in. A lot of it is away in the frozen north, but there is still an enormous area of land in Canada waiting to be settled and developed. The official figure is twenty - two acres. The Canadians use at the moment four acres, and they too have a large food surplus available for export.Now turn to our own country. Including land of all sorts, there is just over one acre per head in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. That is why we have to be so very careful with it. How much do we actually use? Just over half an acre to produce food - that is as farm land. The story is much the same if you separate off Northern Ireland and Scotland and just take England and Wales. In this very crowded country, we have only 0.8 acres per head of land of all sorts to do everything with which we need. That is why we have to think so very carefully of this problem.India, with 2.5 acres per head, has considerably more land than we have in this country. Not all of it is usable for food production. But there is land which could be reclaimed by modern methods, that is being tackled at the present time. The crucial figure is the actual area in agriculturaluse--three - quarters of an acre! The yields from this land are low, methods of production are primitive, and that is why the Indians are so very near the starvation level for almost every year of their lives. But they are not as badly off where land is concerned as Japan.The Japanese figures are the same as our own country in overall land--1. 1 acres per person--but it is a very mountainous country with volcanoes, and so much less is cultivable. Less than a fifth of an acre-- O. 17 of an acre - is under cultivation. You see at once the tremendous land problem which there is in Japan.There is a great variation, of course, in the intensity with which land is used. In the United States they are extravagant in the use of land and take, perhaps, twenty times as much to feed one person as in Japan. You may talk about the Japanese agriculture being twenty times as efficient as the American, but that raises a lot of questions.The intensive cultivation characteristic of Japan uses every little bit of land and only the barren hill- sides are not required. Much of the agriculture is based on rice. The farm workers plant by hand every individual rice plant, and this kind of intensive cultivation enables the Japanese to support seven persons per acre.By contrast, think of the ranch lands in North and South America, with animals ranging over immense tracts of land. A diet of beef and of milk is extravagant of land; in other words, it takes a lot of land for the number of calories produced. In this sense it is less efficient than the Japanese rice - growing agriculture. But not everyone likes eating rice.Where the sea is concerned, we are scarcely, at the present time, out of the old Stone Age. In the Stone Age, the people simply went out, killed wild animals - if they were lucky - and had a good meal ;if they were unlucky they just went hungry. At the present day, we do almost the same thing in the sea, hunting wild fish from boats. In the future, perhaps, we shall cultivate the sea: we shall grow small fish and fish spawn in tanks, take them to the part of the ocean where we want them, let them grow to the right size ,and harvest them. This is not fantasy, because ,at the present time ,fish are being cultivated like that in ponds and tanks in India, and various parts of the Far East so that the people there have a supply of protein. There is a great development possible.A lot of things are going to happen in the next fifty years. It is enormously important to increase the yield of grain plants and a great deal has happened through the work of the geneticists in the last few years. For instance, there has been an enormous world increase in the production of what Americans call corn ( maize to us) due to the development of new strains. Throughout agriculture geneticists are improving plants to get higher yields.1. The problem of population is mainly man - made.2. Two different points are made in the essay about tile efficient use of land , one of them is that some countries use old -fashioned methods of cultivation and therefore get a low yield , the other point is the certain kinds of fond require more land than others.3. It is very important the actual population in the world is on the increase.4. By "Death Control", the author means control of the world's population.5. There will be______ born in a minute in the world.6. We are living on earth shared the surface between us; it would be just over______acres.7. The enormous increase in population is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of what is coming to be called______.8. It works out to be about ______annual net increase .9. Now, for human beings ,eighty, ninety **ing to be recognized as10. Every Canadian uses ______acre(s) at present.Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A【点此下载音频文件】1. A. The best ways to work. B. Human resources. C. Knowledge management. D. Changing the technology.2. A. Achieving much better results. B. Changing the technology they use. C. Making her staff accept knowledge management practices. D. Implementing Knowledge Management strategies herself.3. A. They organized online conferences. B. They organized staff meetings. C. They trained the staff members. D. They invested in new technology.4. A. It brings **munication between offices. B. It improves the office environment. C. It highlights **petitive advantage of **pany. D. It makes enormous financial profits.【点此下载音频文件】5. A. $80. B. $60. C. $90. D. $15.6. A. He loves his present work. B. He is going to open a store. C. He is about to retire. D. He works in a repair shop.7. A. Mary is going to Hawaii.B. Mary has been to many countries. C. Mary likes postcards.D. Mary is traveling on business.8. A. To save the money for a long time. B. To buy a new car. C. To purchase a used car. D. To get a second car.9. A. Delivery service manager and driver. B. Teacher and student. C. Lawyer and client. D. Doctor and patient.10. A. New shopping centers are **mon. B. The shopping center is very old. C. The city needs more shopping centers. D. The old house should be turned into stores.11. A. They are having a party. B. They. are playing the piano. C. Someone else is having a party. D. Someone else is funny.12. A. She was hurt by the man. B. She lost her temper. C. She didn't speak toher husband. D. She missed the dinner party.【点此下载音频文件】13. A. Go to the supermarket to get the ingredients.B. Share with the man how she makes the food.C. Call the supermarket for the recipe.D. Go to the supermarket to buy a pencil and paper. 14. A. It requires constant care.B. It's very old-style.C. It cost the woman 50 dollars to buy.D. It can't tell the correct time.15. A. She is not in the place to judge.B. The man should blame himself.C. The business deserves the man's waiting.D. She is not good at giving advice.16. A. Go to the online store to work for money.B. Go to the bank to cash the check.C. Go to his office to find the check.D. Try to find some cash he has misplaced.17. A. He will be too busy to help the woman.B. He is not sure whether he can help the woman.C. He is supposed to know what he should do.D. He will help the woman.18. A. His watch distracted him during the film.B. He almost missed the film.C. The film failed to meet his expectations.D. The film was too late to be show.19. A. Rachel has some problem with her husband.B. It's hard to know Rachel's real feeling.C. The man has got no chance to talk with Rachel.D. The woman knows what Rachel is thinking about.20. A. He has no time to read the project proposal.B. The girl's proposal was terribly written.C. It's not his responsibility to help the girl.D. Half a month is not enough to write a proposal.Section B【点此下载音频文件】1. A. Its popularity. B. Its philosophy. C. Its perspective. D. Its briskness.2. A. Because they offer original ideas. B. Because they offer the world new philosophies. C. Because they are morally instructive. D. Because they express the ideas in an interesting way.3. A. Introducing readers to unfamiliar situations. B. Reminding readers of the truth. C. Informing people new scientific development. D. Telling people how to serve **munities.Passage One【点此下载音频文件】4. A. Because a headman had no legal authority. B. Because people didn't own land. C. Because there were no strict laws against homicide. D. Because there were limited resources.5. A. A man who had a dispute with the man whose wife was stolen. B. A man who borrowed goods from the man whose wife was stolen. C. A man who wanted to be superior to the man whose wife was stolen. D. A man who was attracted b7 the beauty of a particular woman.6. A. The lack of a real form of government structure. B. The creativeness of Eskimos. C. The excitement of a legal system with strict laws. D. The strong judicial powers of a headman.Passage Two【点此下载音频文件】7. A. His independent abilities. B. **munication skills. C. His working abilities. D. His teamwork skills.8. A. It benefits every group member in terms of cooperation skills. B. It enhances people's abilities to communicate with one another. C. It makes people with different **plement each other. D. It ensures **pletion of different kinds of ideas and tasks.9. A. By supervising and controlling the staff. B. By motivating and supporting the staff. C. By focusing on the goals of the team. D. By ensuring the benefits of the team.Passage Three【点此下载音频文件】10. A. Because men are seldom seen in the forest. B. Because tigers are afraid of something. C. Because men are not edible. D. Because men shout aloud.11. A. The man seems to have no back and from the side can barely be seen. B. The man is smaller than the tiger itself. C. The man smells bad. D. The man looks very much like a deer.12. A. Because men are less likely to be well armed when they bend. B. Because men seem more obedient when they bend. C. Because men more closely resembles a medium-sized deer when they bend. D. Because men are cutting grass when they bend.Section CThere are four main learning styles: imaginative, analytic, common sense and dynamic. None of these four styles will fit a student perfectly. We are all(36) of the four styles, but most of us will have one that feels like our best fit.Imaginative learners are feeling people who get 1 with others and learn best in 2 that allow interpersonal relationships to develop. These 3 and questioning learners learn by listening and sharing ideas. They see the broad 4 or big picture much more easily than small details.Analytic learners learn by watch and listening. They expect a teacher to be 5 information giver, while they sit and carefully assess the value of the information presented. They are the students who learn in the way most teachers have 6 taught, and so they are often considered the best learners.Common sense learners like to play with ideas to see if they are rational and workable. These students want to test theory in the real world, to 7 what has been learned. They love to get the job done. They are hands-on people who, using their ideas, can analyze problems and solve orfix them. 8Dynamic learners 9 . Dynamic learners excel in following hunches and sensing new directions and possibilities. 10 or putting their personal stamp of originality on an idea. 【点此下载音频文件】1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section AMany private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserved to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there is low-quality business. We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist.But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising costs or increasing revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesn't bring in more revenues, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollment, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education.In an imperfect society such as ours. uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society diversity is a positive good. Ardent supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.1. We have no obligation to save some schools because ______.2. Some thriving institutions are also threatened because of ______.3. The phrase "go under" in the third paragraph most probably means ______.4. Because public institutions will be dominant, diversity becomes ______.5. People who are supportive of public higher education realize that ______.Men are notoriously insensitive to the emotional world around them. At least, that is the stereotype peddled by a thousand women's magazines. And a study at the University of Melbourne, in Australia, confirms that men are, in deed ,less sensitive to emotion than women ,with one important and suggestive exception. Men are acutely sensitive to the anger of other men.Mark Williams and Jason Mattingley looked at the way a person's sex affects his or her response to emotionally charged facial expressions. People from all cultures agree on what six basic expressions of emotion look like. Whether the face before you is expressing anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness or surprise seems to be recognised universally--which suggests that the expressions involved are innate, rather than learned.Dr Williams and Dr Mattingley showed the participants in their study photographs of these emotional expressions in mixed sets of either four or eight. They asked the participants to look for a particular sort of expression, and measured the amount of time it took them to find it. The researchers found ,in agreement with previous studies, that both men and women identified angry expressions most quickly. But they also found that anger was more quickly identified on a male face than a female one.Moreover, most participants could find an angry face just ms quickly when it was mixed in a group of eight photographs as when it was part of a group of four. This suggests that something in the brain is attuned (使协调，使一致) to picking out angry expressions, and that it is especially concerned about angry men. Also, this highly tuned ability seems more important to males than females, since the two researchers found that men picked out the angry expressions faster than women did.Dr Williams and Dr Mattingley suspect the reason for this is that being able to spot an angry individual quickly has a survival advantage--and, since anger is more likely to turn into lethal violence in men than in women, the ability to spot angry males quickly is particularly valuable.The ability to spot quickly that a male is in a foul mood would thus have great survival value. It would allow the sharp-witted time to choose appeasement (缓和) ,detente or possibly even pre-emptive (先发制人的) attack. And, if it is right, this study also confirms a lesson learned by generations of bar-mom tough guys and schoolyard bullies: if you want attention, get angry.6. What do most magazines for women assume about men?7. Many studies have found human expressions are8. When asked to look for a certain expression, both sexes9. What would be one possible explanation for men's quicker response to anger?10. Some tough guys and schoolyard bullies learn thatSection BPassage OneWhenever I hear a weather report declaring it's the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I can't take it too seriously, because "ever" really means "as long as the records go back," which isonly as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, though-- not for individual dates, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years **pared with today.And in the ****pilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than **parable period in the last 400 years. That's a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperatures-- a frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (he's the creator of the "hockey stick" graph Al Gore used in "An Inconvenient Truth" to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand years-- that led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 was-- so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that today's temperatures are unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if there's any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC **pared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from "it isn't happening" to "it's happening, but it's natural," to "it's mostly natural"-- and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed, Rep. Sherwood Boehlert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science-- a controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however, is a much less settled question.1. What does this passage mainly deal with?A. The tendency of earth's becoming hotter. B. The assessment of earth's temperature. C. The menace of global warming. D. The measurement of tackling global warming.2. What is "proxy measurement" in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?A. Studying the characteristics of glaciers. B. Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism. C. Taking advantage of previous pictures. D. Using clues left from the past.3. What does the report from NRC indicate?A. The earth will become warmer. B. It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Mann's assertion. C. The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history. D. The proxy measurements are reliable.4. Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?A. The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Mann's claim. B. Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon. C. Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue. D. The argument ends in the defeat ofglobal-warning-doubters.5. What is the author's attitude towards global warming theory?A. Negative. B. Indifferent. C. Favorable. D. Neutral.Passage TwoIt is notorious that facts **patible with opposite **ments, since the same fact will inspire entirely different feelings in different persons, and at different times in the same person; and there is no rationally deducible (可推论的) connection between any outer fact and the sentiments it may happen to provoke. These have their source in another sphere of existence altogether, in the animal and spiritual region of the subject's being. Conceive yourself, if possibly, suddenly stripped of all the emotion with which your world now inspires you, and try to imagine it as it exists, purely by itself, without your favorable or unfavorable, hopeful or **ment. Ft will be almost impossible for you to realize such a condition of negativity and deadness. No one portion of the universe would then have importance beyond another; and the whole collection of its things and series of its events would be without significance, character, expression, or perspective. Whatever of value, interest, or meaning our respective worlds may al3 pear endowed with are thus pure gifts of the spectator's mind. The passion of love is the most familiar and extreme example of this fact. If it comes, it comes; if it does **e, no process of reasoning can force it. Yet it trans forms the value of the creature loved as utterly as the sunrise transforms Mont Blanc from a corpse-like gray to a rosy enchantment; and it sets the whole world to a new tune for the lover and gives a new issue to his life. So with fear, with indignation, jealousy, ambition, worship. If they are there, life changes. And whether they shall be there or not depends almost always upon non-logical, often on organic conditions. And as the excited interest which these passions put into the world is our gift to the world, just so are the passions themselves gifts;—gifts to us, from sources sometimes low and some times high; but almost always non-logical and beyond our control. Gifts, either of the flesh or of the spirit; and the spirit blows where it lists, and the world's materials lend their surface passively to all the gifts alike, as the stage-setting receives indifferently whatever alternating colored lights may be shed upon it from the optical apparatus in the gallery.Meanwhile the practically real world for each one of us, the effective world of the individual, is **pound world, the physical facts and emotional values in **bination. Withdraw or pervert (使错乱) either factor of **plex resultant, and the kind of experience we call pathological ensues. 1. This passage mainly discusses ______.A. the dual nature of the world in which we humans live B. the effect of strong emotions C. emotion and reality D. emotions and passions—gifts of the spectator's mind2. Our feelings about external reality have their origin in ______.A. our heart B. events that affect us personally C. our immediate environment D. our subjective being3. The passion of love is cited by the author to show how ______.A. unable we are to control our emotions B. unreal our practical world is C. familiar passions are to us D. our world can be transformed by our feelings。
[六级真题(含听力)及核心词汇].1991-1995年六级真题.
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六级全真题1990年1月六级试题Section AQuestions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage:Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the "Second Industrial Revolution".Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignment. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the "improvement factor", which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working time.21. Though labour worries about the effect of automation, it does not doubt that ______.(A)automation will eventually prevent unemployment(B)Automation will help workers acquire new skills(C)Automation will eventually benefit the workers no less that the employers(D)Automation is a trend which cannot be stopped22.The idea of the "improvement factor" (Line 6, Para. 3) probably implies that ____.(A)wages should be paid on the basis of length of service(B)the benefit of increased production and lower costs should be shared by workers(C)supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promoted(D)the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers23.In order to get the full benefits of automation, labour will depend mostly on ____.(A)additional payment to the permanently dismissed workers(B)the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivity(C)shorter working hours and more leisure time(D)a strong drive for planning new installations24.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?(A)Advantages and disadvantages of automation.(B)Labour and the effects of automation.(C)Unemployment benefit plans and automation.(D)Social benefits of automation.Questions 25 to 30 are based on the following passage:The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become"better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault! Is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.25.According to the passage, the author believes that ____.(A)people used to question the value of college education(B)people used to have full confidence in higher education(C)all high school graduates went to college(D)very few high school graduates chose to go to college26.In the 2nd paragraph, "those who don't fit the pattern" refers to ____.(A)high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education(B)college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis(C)college students who aren't any better for their higher education(D)high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college27.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because _____.(A)young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college(B)many young people are required to join the army(C)young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education(D)young people don't like the intense competition for admission to graduate school28.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that ____.(A)society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates(B)high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education(C)too many students have to earn their own living(D)college administrators encourage students to drop out29.In this passage the author argues that _____.(A)more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates(B)college education is not enough if one wants to be successful(C)college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people(D)intelligent people may learn quicker if they don't go to college30.The "surveys and statistics " mentioned in the last paragraph might have shown that _____.(A)college-educated people are more successful than non-college-educated people(B)college education was not the first choice of intelligent people(C)the less schooling a person has the better it is for him(D)most people have sweet memories of college lifeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e. , worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist's trade or bookkeeping(簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.31.It is implied that fifty years ago _____.(A)eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories(B)twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees(C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers(D)the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers32.According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, ____.(A)factory labourers will overtake intellectual employees in number(B)there are as many middle-class employees as factory laboures(C)employers have attached great importance to factory laboures(D)the proportion of factory labourers in the total employee population has decreased33.The word "dubious" (L. 2, Para. 2) most probably means _____.(A)valuable(B)useful(C)doubtful(D)helpful34.According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is ____.(A)less importance than awareness of being a good employee(B)as important as the ability to deal with public relations(C)more important than employer-employee relations(D)more important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization35.From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one _____.(A)to be more successful in his career(B)to be more specialized in his field(C)to solve technical problems(D)to develop his professional skillQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (发生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.36.Why is the question of "how easily people can get used to working at night" not a mere academic question?(A)Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.(B)Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.(C)Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.(D)Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.37.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in ______ .(A)the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation(B)the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently(C)the fact that people working at night are often less effective(D)the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers38.The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be _____ .(A)to change shifts at longer intervals(B)to have longer shifts(C)to arrange for some people to work on night shifts only(D)to create better living conditions for night workers39.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because_____ .(A)body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates(B)body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back(C)the temperature reverses when the routine is changed(D)people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently40.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?(A)Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance.(B)The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of theround-the-clock working system.(C)Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.(D)Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.1991年6月六级试题Section AQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humour, at least in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog: you can't win but at least you can keep your honour. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents' control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially parents, into doing things the ways you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.21. The author is primarily addressing ______.(A) parents of teenagers(B) newspaper readers(C) those who give advice to teenagers(D) teenagers22. The first paragraph is mainly about _____.(A)the teenagers' criticism of their parents(B)misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents(C)the dominance of the parents over their children(D)the teenagers' ability to deal with crises23. Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they _____.(A)want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own(B)have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste(C)have no other way to enjoy themselves better(D)want to irritate their parents24. Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they _____.(A)have already been accepted into the adult world(B)feel that they are superior in a small way to the adults(C)are not likely to win over the adults(D)have a desire to be independent25. To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be _____.(A)obedient(B)responsible(C)co-operative(D)independentQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing ( 定量供应) is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain's overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 per cent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 per cent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion programme is not working very well.26. Why is there "wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation in Britain?"(A)The abundant food supply is not expected to last.(B)Britain is importing less food.(C)Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.(D)Britain will cut back on its production of food.27. The main reason for the rise in food prices is that _____.(A)people are buying less food(B)the government is providing less financial support for agriculture(C)domestic food production has decreased(D)imported food is driving prices higher28. Why didn't the government's expansion programme work very well?(A)Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteed.(B)Because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding production.(C)Because the farmers were uncertain about whether foreign markets could be found for their produce.(D)Because the older generation of farmers were strongly against the programmer.29. The decrease in world food price was a result of _____.(A)a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumers(B)a sharp fall in the cost of food production(C)the overproduction of food in the food-importing countries(D)the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries30. What did the future look like for Britain's food production at the time this article was written?(A)The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.(B)An expansion of food production was at hand.(C)British food producers would receive more government financial support.(D)It looks depressing despite government guarantees.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If thethings to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illumination piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.31. According to the author, really good science _____.(A)would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment(B)will produce results which cannot be foreseen(C)will help people to make the right choice in advance(D)will bring about disturbing results32. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century _____.(A)thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science(B)were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research(C)knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature(D)did more harm than good in promoting man's understanding of nature33. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?(A)They invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.(B)They falsely claimed to know all about nature.(C)They did not believe in results from scientific observation.(D)They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.34. What is the author's attitude towards science?(A)He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.(B)He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.(C)He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.(D)He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.35. The author believes that ____.(A)man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up(B)man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect(C)sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them(D)questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in whichthe inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.36. According to the author, the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment _____.(A)is still unknown(B)is usually neglected(C)is being closely studied(D)has been fully recognized37. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to _____.(A)the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhood(B)the location of recreation facilities far from home(C)relatively little attention for recreative possibilities(D)the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhood38. The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green space should be provided _____.(A)in special areas(B)in the suburbs(C)in the neighbourhood of the house(D)in gardens and parks39. According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that ______.(A)more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspect(B)more and more people might have access to them(C)an increasing number of recreative activities might be developed(D)recreative activities might be brought into our homes40. The main idea of this passage is that _____.(A)better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life(B)attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities(C)the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago(D)priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities1993年1月六级试题Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is that everything should be done to。
1991年6级词汇题【答案+解释】
（1991年1月）Part III Vocabulary and Structure(20 minutes)B 41. The oil shortage ________ the prices of chemical fertilizers on theworld market.A) drove oilB) drove upC) drove inD) drove offB 42. There are five ________ mistakes in this picture. Can you find themand win a prize?A) intensive(强烈的)B) deliberate（故意的）C) planned(计划的)D) calculated43. These studies will yield valuable（有价值的） lemons ________.A) in which to save lives and protect propertyB) how to save lives and protect propertyC) in how to save lives and protect propertyD) about those to save lives and protect property44. The school offered flexible courses for farmers, ________ more hours ofstudy when farm work was not heavy.A) withB) withoutC) inD) forA 45. Part of the cost of many articles is taken as tax by the government________ the community.A) in place of (代替)B) on account of（由于…）C) in terms ofD) on behalf of (为了…的利益; 代表…)A 46. Soldiers act in ________ to the orders of their officers.A) obligation 责任，义务B) objection 反对C) obedience 服从顺从D) offence 冒犯，攻击A 47. ________ after the Second World War that test pilots first attemptedto break the “Sound barrier.”A) It was shortlyB) Until shortlyC) Shortly was itD) Shortly世界第二次大战不久后试飞员们第一次尝试打破声障（即超音速飞行）.——强调的对象是时间，其中shortly是副词,只是做一个状语,表示时间之早D 48. ________ in the Atacama Desert.A) It never virtually rainsB) It virtually never rainsC) Never it rains virtuallyD) Never virtually（几乎） it rains英语中表示否定意义的词如never ,seldom .few 等放在句首后面的动词要用倒装形式表示强调.这句话的意思是强调沙漠里不常下雨,所以要用倒装,再如,Seldom have I taken a dinner with girlfriend after I went to work.（正常语序是A，但是需要倒装）C 49. Society now requires the university to be a part of the community.________, students themselves expect to play a role in the affairs of society.A) Hence（因此，所以）B) HoweverC) Moreover （而且，表示递进）D) OtherwiseB 50. Superconductors lose electrical resistance only ________ subjectedto intense cold.A) throughB) whenC) asD) bySuperconuctors lose electircal resistance only when superconductors are subjected to intense cold.超导材料只有在极度寒冷的温度下才能失去电阻.C 51. Those who lie and cheat will never ________ it.A) get on withB) get back toC) get away withD) get off with选C get away withget away with 意思是逃脱处罚整句意思是那些说谎和欺骗的人永远不可能逃脱处罚.C 52. A foreign language like English is difficult to learn, so you________ work too hard.A) shouldB) mustn’tC) can’tD) ought to考查情态动词：can’t/couldn’t….too….,在…也不为过，其他情态动词没有这个用法，句意：向英语这样的外语很难学，所以你再努力也不为过。
1991年大学英语四级试题及参考答案（1月）（3）
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.41. It is not difficult to ______ the idea that machines man communicate information to us.A) admitB) receiveC) acceptD) convince42. I have not the least ______ of hurting your feelings.A) conceptB) intentionC) mindD) purpose43. As the shortage of certain metals approaches, others must be found to take their______A) shareB) placeC) roleD) shape44. The new power station is reported ______ within three years.A) to have completedB) to have been completedC) having Been completedD) to complete45. Mary is in bed with a fever and she can't hope to ________ the cold in a few day.A) get overB) get awayC) get offD) get out46. Although the weather was very had, the buses still ran onA) listB) planC) scheduceD) arrangement47. The situation today is obviously quite different from ______ it was only 50 years ago.A) whatB) whichC) whenD) such48. Soon, Americans hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship ______ U.S.farmers.A) facedB) facesC) facingD) to face49. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they ______ better health.A) could have enjoyedB) have been enjoyingC) had enjoyedD) are enjoying50. It is much easier to talk about social change than to ________A) bring it onB) bring it aboutC) buring it upD) bring it out51. Jane was hit on the head by the robber and was knocked______A) mindlessB) unawareC) brainlessD) unconscious52. He likes doing some reading at home to the cinema.A) than to goB) than goingC) more than goingD) rather than to go53. ______ neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school.A) Accused ofB) Accusing ofC) That he was accused ofD) To be accused of54. I bought a new house last year, but I ______ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) did not sellB) do not sellC) had not soldD) have not sold55. She didn't regret paying 200 dollars for the bookcase. As a matter or a fact, she would galdly have paid ______ for it.A) as much twiceB) much as twiceC) as twice muchD) twice as much56. By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I__________for Shanghai.A) am leavingB) should have leftC) will leaveD) have already left57. It was essential that all the necessary documents ______ to the president's office being the end of this month.A) be handed inB) must be handed inC) shouldD) had been handed in58. The car is quite ______ of petrol.A) economicB) economicalC) savingD) sparing59. The traffic was very heary; otherwise I _______ here 50 minutes sooner.A) would beB) should beC) had beenD) would have been60. ______ his great wealth, he always remained a man of simple tastes.A) Except forB) With regard toC) DespiteD) Although61. The socks were too small and it was only by ______ them that he managed to get them on.A) spreadingB) extendingC) lengtheningD) stretching62. Language can be defined as a tool by which human beings ______ with one another.A) associateB) connectC) communicateD) correspond63. As a small boy, he was slow ______ learning to read and write.A) onB) withC) inD) about64. Tony was_______a mile of the hotel when he ran out of petrol.A) withinB) insideC) aboutD) off65. It has been rather costly to install the machinery, but it will prove to be worth the money ______A) in the long runB) in conclusionC) at long lastD) at the end66. I don't know why he ______ in the middle of a sentence.A) broke offB) broke outC) broke throughD) broke away67. I'm sorry Andy didn't want to go to the conference, ______ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.A) BeingB) Was heC) He had beenD) Had he been68. The minister was the person ______A) whom the state dinner was given in honourB) for whom the state dinner was given honourC) whose honour the state dinner was givenD) in whose honour the state dinner was given69. The young driver looked over the engine carfully lest it ______ on the way.A) goes wrongB) would go wrongC) went wrongD) should go wrong70. John had been working hard and ______A) so his brother hadB) so had his brotherC) so was his brotherD) so his brother did。
1991年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷
1991年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once.After eachquestion there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office” is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) Bill always comes on time.B) Bill will be on time.C) Bill will be late again.D) Bill won’t come.2.A) They don’t know how to spend the money they have.B) They don’t know how to spend the next two weeks.C) They need money badly.D) They only have part-time jobs.3.A) One.B) Two.C) Three.D) Four.4.A) These figures are not correct.B) These figures are correct.C) These figures are probably correct.D) These figures are probably not correct.5.A) In October.B) In April.C) She isn’t certain.D) Between April and October.6.A) Jane speaks three languages.B) Jane speaks four languages.C) Jane speaks English only.D) Jane does not speak English.7.A) The damage to the store.B) The possible harm to the people nearby.C) The punishment given to the crazy man.D) The reason for the crazy action.8.A) She is going to give up biology.B) She spends half of her time on biology.C) To her, biology is difficult, but math is not.D) To her, math is even more difficult than biology.9.A) There was a shower.B) There was a car accident.C) There was a fire.D) There was a heavy snow.10.A) They are very rewarding.B) They are too easy.C) They are inexpensive.D) They are not worth the trouble.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) The speaker’s friend.B) The speaker.C) The friend’s mother.D) The mother’s friend.12.A) They are strangers.B) They are neighbours.C) They are friends.D) They are old schoolmates.13.A) To return the shoes to the store.B) To pay the manager a visit.C) To buy more of the 12-dollar shoes.D) To complain about the price of the shoes.14.A) 12 dollarsB) 20 dollarsC) Less than 12 dollarsD) More than 12 dollarsPassage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.A) Short and cool.B) Long and cool.C) Long and hot.D) Short and hot.16.A) Because the price was too high.B) Because Alaska has an extremely cold winter.C) Because they thought Alaska was a useless land.D) Because the climatic difference there is too great.17.A) No, only a few became rich.B) No, none became rich.C) No, very few people had actually found gold.D) Yes, hundreds of thousands of people became rich.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A) She was driving along a country road.B) She was lying near a lonely road, trembling.C) She was lying in a hospital bed.D) She was telling an astonishing story to a doctor.19.A) She fainted due to the effects of some drug.B) She was stopped by a policeman and treated rudely.C) She was attacked by robbers.D) She was stopped and forced to enter a flying saucer.20.A) The women made up an astonishing story.B) The women had intended to leave her husband without a word.C) The women had been taken over a thousand miles away from her home.D) The women had been dishonest to her husband.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The aim of the teacher is to get his pupils as quickly as possible over the period inwhich each printed symbol is looked at for its shape, and arrive at the stage when the pupil looks at words and phrases, for their meaning, almost without noticing the shapes of the separate letters.When a good reader is at work he does not look at letters, nor even at words, one by one however quickly; he takes in the meaning of two, three, or four words at a time, in a single moment. Watch carefully the eyes of a person who is reading, and it will be seen that they do not travel smoothly along the lines of print, but they move by jumps separated by very short stops. The eyes of a very good reader move quickly, taking long jumps and making very short halts(停顿); the eyes of a poor reader move more slowly, taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt. Sometimes, when he meets a difficulty, he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once.The teacher’s task is therefore clear: it is to train his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one eye-jump’) and to remove the necessity for going backwards to read something a second time.This shows at once that letter-by-letter, or syllable-by-syllable, or word-by-word reading, with the finger pointing to the word, carefully fixing each one in turn, is wrong. It is wrong because such a method ties the pupil’s eyes down to a very short jump, and the aim is to train for the long jump. Moreover, a very short jump is too short to provide any meaning or sense; and it will be found that having struggled with three or four words separately, the pupil has to look at them again, all together and in one group, in order to get the meaning of the whole phrase.21.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the first paragraph?A) Pupils should be trained to reach quickly the stage of reading without having toconcentrate on the separate symbols.B) Pupils should look at each printed symbol for its meaning as well as for itsshape.C) Teachers should help their pupils avoid looking at the shape of the printedsymbols.D) Teachers should tell their pupils the different stages of their study.22.In a single moment, a good reader picks up ________.A) several wordsB) several phrasesC) several sentencesD) several lines23.According to the passage, which of the following is FALSE?A) The eyes of a good reader make short halts and long jumps.B) The eyes of a bad reader take in the meaning of one word at a time.C) The eyes of a bad reader take only short jumps.D) The eyes of a good reader move steadily.24.One may have to read something a second time if ________.A) there is enough timeB) one reads too fastC) the passage is very longD) one reads word by word25.The main idea of the last paragraph is that ________.A) word-by-word reading is highly inefficientB) the pupil’s eyes should focus on groups of syllables instead of single syllablesC) pupils have to move their eyes back and forth when readingD) finger pointing in reading helps the pupil concentrate on meaningPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every Industrialized country in the world.In the United States,where sociologists have studied the effects,some interesting observations have been made.Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people’s lives. It alters peoples’ ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (维持)modern life.Television has become a baby-sitter,an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture, a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate(提高) people into greater understanding, but rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists.The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV. Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs.Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible, to do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.26.According to the author American television is poor in quality because ________.A) advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideasB) it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radioC) the programs have to be developed in the interests of the sponsors for economicreasonsD) it is controlled by radio companies27.The second paragraph is mainly about ________.A) TV as the sustainer of American lifeB) TV as the major transmitter of cultureC) the educational effect of TV on societyD) the strong influence and the poor quality of American TV28.In the author’s view American TV should ________.A) be critical but entertainingB) be creative and educationalC) change with the development of societyD) attract as many viewers as possible29.The author believes that television in the United States has become important tomost people because ________.A) it promotes family unityB) it helps them develop their speaking abilityC) it affects their life in many waysD) it challenges society30.The author’s attitude towards American television is ________.A) criticalB) praisingC) doubtfulD) sympatheticPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.“... We are not about to enter the Information Age but instead are rather well into it.” Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one or more computers for student use.In the fall of1985,a new survey revealed that half of United States secondary schools have fifteen or more computers for student use. And now educational experts, administrators, and even the general public are demanding that all students become “computer literate (慢点…的).” “By the year 2000 knowledge of computers will be necessary in over eighty percent of all occupations. Soon those people not educated in computer use will be compared to those who are print illiterate today.”What is “computer literacy”? The term itself seems to imply soon extent of “knowing” about computers, but knowing what. The current opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are, plus a little of their history and something of how they operate.Therefore, it is vital that educators everywhere take a careful look not only at what is being done, but also at what should be done in the field of computer education. Today most adults are capable of utilising a motor vehicle without the slightest knowledge of how the internal-combustion engine works. We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their histories or to explain how they work. Business people for years have made good use of typewriters and adding machines, yet few have ever known how to repair them. Why, then, attempt to teach computers by teaching how or why they work?Rather, we first must concentrate on teaching the effective use of the computer as the tool is.“Knowing how to use a computer is what’s going to be important, we don’t talk about ‘automobile literacy. ‘ We just get in our cars and drive them.”31.In 1990, the number of jobs having nothing to do with computers in the UnitedStates will be reduced to ________.A) 79 millionB) 30 millionC) 70 millionD) 100 million32.The expression “Print illiterate” (Para. 1, Line 16) refers to ________.A) one who has never learnt printingB) one who is not computer literateC) one who has never learnt to readD) one who is not able to use a typewriter33.The first paragraph is mainly about ________.A) recent predictions of computer-related jobsB) the wide use of computers in schoolsC) the urgency of computer educationD) public interest in computers34.According to the author, the effective way to spread the use of computers is toteach ________.A) what computers areB) how to use computersC) where computers can be usedD) how computers work35.Which of the following statements is FALSE?A) What to teach about computers should be reconsidered.B) Those who are not educated in computer use will find it difficult to get a job.C) Human society has already entered the Information Age.D) Those who want to use computers should know how computers operate.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Editor:While a new school term is about to begin, perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examinations.In July,two writers(Letters to the Editor)praised the cancellation of exams because they believe “tests don’t tell the whole story.”As a teacher who has worked in four countries, I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student, and that a student’s final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the year’s work. Of course there are exceptions, but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a student’s ability.The simple fact is that proper class work, diligent exam studies and good marks are almost certain indicators of a student’s future performance. The opposite, almost certainly, incompetence.There is no acceptable substitute for competition and examination of quality. How can teachers and future officials determine what a student has learned and remembered? Should we simply take the student word for it? Any institution that “liberates” students from fair and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant. And surely the “graduates” of such institutions will lack trustworthiness, not to mention being rejected by foreign universities for graduate or other studies.When all is said and done, I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant comparison with others is at the bottom of most ban-exams (废除考试) talk. Excellenceand quality fear nothing.On the contrary,they seek competition and desire the satisfaction of being the best.36.Which of the following will the author of this passage probably agree with?A) Tests are not effective in measuring the students’ abilities.B) Tests are an effective measure of the students’ abilities.C) Tests can only measure some of the students’ abilities.D) Tests may not be useful for measuring students’ abilities.37.The two writers mentioned in the first paragraph ________.A) opposed judging students by the results of examsB) must have proposed other ways of testing studentsC) regarded exams as a way of punishing studentsD) seem to be worried about the poor marks of their students38.According to the letter, a student’s final mark ________.A) is often encouragingB) often gives a fair picture of the year’s workC) often proves unreliableD) often tells whether he likes the subject of not39.If a student graduated from a university which does not require exams he would________.A) have to continue his studiesB) have a feeling of failureC) be incompetentD) not be admitted by foreign institutions40.According to the letter, those who dislike the idea of examinations are probablyafraid of ________.A) competing with other studentsB) being graded unfairlyC) working too hardD) being dismissed from schoolPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.It is not difficult to________the idea that machines may communicateinformation to us.A) admitB) receiveC) acceptD) convince42.I have not the least ________ of hurting your feelings.A) conceptB) intentionC) mindD) purpose43.As the shortage of certain metals approaches, others must be found to take their________.A) shareB) placeC) roleD) shape44.The new power station is reported ________ within three years.A) to have completedB) to have been completedC) having Been completedD) to complete45.Mary is in bed with a fever and she can’t hope to ________ the cold in a few day.A) get overB) get awayC) get offD) get out46.Although the weather was very had, the buses still ran on ________.A) listB) planC) scheduleD) arrangement47.The situation today is obviously quite different from ________ it was only 50years ago.A) whatB) whichC) whenD) such48.Soon, Americans hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship ________ U.S.farmers.A) facedB) facesC) facingD) to face49.Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they ________ better health.A) could have enjoyedB) have been enjoyingC) had enjoyedD) are enjoying50.It is much easier to talk about social change than to ________.A) bring it onB) bring it aboutC) burning it upD) bring it out51.Jane was hit on the head by the robber and was knocked ________.A) mindlessB) unawareC) brainlessD) unconscious52.He likes doing some reading at home to the cinema.A) than to goB) than goingC) more than goingD) rather than to go53.________neglecting our education,my father sent my brother and me to asummer school.A) Accused ofB) Accusing ofC) That he was accused ofD) To be accused of54.I bought a new house last year, but I ________ my old house yet, so at the momentI have two houses.A) did not sellB) do not sellC) had not soldD) have not sold55.She didn’t regret paying 200 dollars for the bookcase. As a matter or a fact, shewould gladly have paid ________ for it.A) as much twiceB) much as twiceC) as twice muchD) twice as much56.By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I ________ for Shanghai.A) am leavingB) should have leftC) will leaveD) have already left57.It was essential that all the necessary documents ________ to the president’s officebeing the end of this month.A) be handed inB) must be handed inC) shouldD) had been handed in58.The car is quite ________ of petrol.A) economicB) economicalC) savingD) sparing59.The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ________ here 50 minutes sooner.A) would beB) should beC) had beenD) would have been60.________ his great wealth, he always remained a man of simple tastes.A) Except forB) With regard toC) DespiteD) Although61.The socks were too small and it was only by ________ them that he managed toget them on.A) spreadingB) extendingC) lengtheningD) stretchingnguage can be defined as a tool by which human beings ________ with oneanother.A) associateB) connectC) communicateD) correspond63.As a small boy, he was slow ________ learning to read and write.A) onB) withC) inD) about64.Tony was ________ a mile of the hotel when he ran out of petrol.A) withinB) insideC) aboutD) off65.It has been rather costly to install the machinery, but it will prove to be worth themoney ________.A) in the long runB) in conclusionC) at long lastD) at the end66.I don’t know why he ________ in the middle of a sentence.A) broke offB) broke outC) broke throughD) broke away67.I’m sorry Andy didn’t want to go to the conference. ________ willing to go wewould have paid all his expenses.A) BeingB) Was heC) He had beenD) Had he been68.The minister was the person ________.A) whom the state dinner was given in honourB) for whom the state dinner was given honourC) whose honour the state dinner was givenD) in whose honour the state dinner was given69.The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ________ on the way.A) goes wrongB) would go wrongC) went wrongD) should go wrong70.John had been working hard and ________.A) so his brother hadB) so had his brotherC) so was his brotherD) so his brother didPart IV Close (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. Youshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Albert Einstein is said to have been asked by a student, “what finding helped you most when you were __71__ the theory of relativity?” Einstein replied without __72__ moment’s hesitation. “Finding how to __73__ about the problem.”The same __74__ is told about Sir Isaac Newton and __75__ other scientists. We have no proof __76__ any of these well-known conversations __77__ took place, but we are prepared to __78__ that they did, and, if so, that the __79__ was the same one Einstein gave, __80__ this is the “way scientists work __81__ science progresses.”Scientists usually work toward models of the process of structure they are studying. __82__ we have models of the structure __83__ the universe and of the atom, models of the process __84__ which the genetic (遗传的) pattern is passed from one building block of life to __85__ models of the economic system and __86__ on. Some models are mathematical, but a __87__ does not have to have equations (方程) or even diagrams; the __88__ requirement is no doubt that it __89__ an insight (洞察) into the relationships that determine __90__ something works as it does or how it is put together.71.A) designingB) inventingC) revealingD) developing72.A) aB) theC) anD) some73.A) knowB) learnC) thinkD) argue74.A) eventB) newsC) storyD) information75.A) anyB) moreC) fewD) several76.A) thatB) sinceC) whichD) as77.A) naturallyB) actuallyC) eventuallyD) regularly78.A) forgetB) considerC) believeD) realize79.A) questionB) answerC) conversationD) topic80.A) althoughB) becauseC) unlessD) once81.A) whileB) orC) andD) but82.A) OtherwiseB) NeverthelessC) StillD) Thus83.A) ofB) inC) withD) over84.A) forB) byC) onD) to85.A) eitherB) otherC) bothD) another86.A) soB) laterC) furtherD) straight87.A) structureB) patternC) processD) model88.A) urgentB) importantC) originalD) unnecessary89.A) provideB) will provideC) providedD) is provided90.A) whenB) whatC) whyD) whetherPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about “Bicycle – An Important Means of Transport in China”. You shouldbase your composition on the following outline:1.为什么自行车在中国这样普及。
「1月」大学英语六级考试全真试卷+答案与详解
「XX年1月」大学英语六级考试全真试卷+答案与详解详细请参看我们《王迈迈英语四六级历年真题》最新版一书如有转载，！xx 年 1 月 8 日大学英语六级考试 A 卷.wm&menglish. 王迈迈英语教学网Part IListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each Conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example : You will hear:*.wmmenglish. 王迈迈英语教学网You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours. .wm$%menglish. 王迈迈英语教学网D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morningand have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample answer [A] [B] [C] [ D]1. A) Furnished apartments will cost more.B) The apartment can be furnished easily.C) The apartment is just what the man is looking for.D) She can provide the man with the apartment he needs..$wmmenglish. 王迈迈英语教学网2. A) Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.B) He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.C) Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D) He shares the woman's views on social welfare..w#mmenglish. 王迈迈英语教学网3. A) Study in a quiet place.B) Improve her grades gradually.C) Change the conditions of her dorm.D) Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm..wm$%mengl$ish. 王迈迈英语教学网4. A) It has been put off.B) I。
1991六级真题答案解析
1991六级真题答案解析1991年的六级考试是我国高等教育历史上的一个重要节点。
那一年，不仅仅是六级考试，更是我国社会发展的一个重要转折期。
本篇文章将从历史背景、试题解析以及对答案的分析等方面，深入探讨。
一、历史背景首先，我们来了解1991年的历史背景。
这一年，我国正处在改革开放的关键时期，社会经济发展迅猛。
许多领域都经历了巨大的变革，包括教育体制和考试制度。
1991年的六级考试恰逢教育改革的高潮，试题难度和选材方面都有了一些新的变化。
二、试题解析然后，我们来分析1991年六级试题。
根据考试试卷，共分为听力、阅读、写作三个部分。
听力部分主要测试考生的听力理解能力；阅读部分则考察考生的阅读能力和语言运用能力；写作部分则是对考生的写作水平进行综合考察。
对于听力部分，试题主要涉及多个场景和不同语境中的对话和短文，要求考生根据听到的内容进行选择、判断或者填空。
整体难度适中，涵盖了词汇、语法和语音等多个方面的考察。
在阅读部分，试题材料主要分为文章和短文，从不同的主题和领域来选材。
考生需要根据阅读材料进行选择、填空或者判断。
文章内容涵盖了教育、科技、文化等多个领域，对考生的知识广度和理解能力提出了较高的要求。
最后，写作部分要求考生根据所给题目进行作文，主题多样，从社会问题到个人经历都有可能涉及。
这部分要求考生运用英语进行思考和写作，展示他们的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
三、答案分析继续探讨，我们来分析1991年六级试题的答案。
在听力部分，对话和短文的答案主要基于考生对听到内容的理解和推理，一些细节性的问题需要考生仔细辨别信息。
在阅读部分，大多数选择题的答案可以通过理解文章的主旨和关键信息来获得。
填空题则对考生的词汇积累和句子结构的理解提出了一定要求。
判断题则需要考生能够准确把握文章中的信息和观点。
在写作部分，评分主要根据考生的语言表达和逻辑思维能力。
答案的好坏不仅仅取决于是否符合题意，还取决于考生能否组织语言，展示清晰的逻辑关系和连贯的结构。
英语六级翻译-1991年1月
1991年1月阅读一：商业的船只和客船一般都需要为每个人准备一个救生圈，在大多数情况下，需要给孩子准备一定比例的小尺寸的。
根据美国海岸警备队的要求，救生圈必须设计简单、可逆，能够是被迅速调整以使外行人适用，并且它必须这样设计来支持它的使用者在水中保持直立或者稍稍向后的位置。
在水中48小时候救生圈还应为使用者提供足够的浮力，并且经过长时间的存储它的性能还应该是可靠的。
因此他应该使用耐阳光、汽油和其他油类的材料来制作，并且不应该容易着火。
救生圈来支持一个跳入水中或落入水中的人最重要的是它的位置，因为它倾向于把在水中的使用者由面朝下变为直立或者稍稍向后倾的位置，使他的脸离开水面，即使是使用者已经筋疲力尽或者无意识了。
调整身体的方法对外行来说应该是简单、不言而喻的，即使是在由灾难引起的混乱的黑暗情况下。
因此，救生圈应该是可逆的，因此基本不可能设置错误。
渔获量、肩带和纽带应该保持在最低限度。
另外，救生圈必须能对各种各样的体型和尺寸的使用者适用，因为这大大影响着漂浮的位置和自我调整的质量，一个合适的救生圈应该在任何时候都戴着很舒服，不管在水里或不在水里，当船遇到危险时，不会因为太重而在促使使用者将它脱下来，也不会成为阻碍一个想在水中游泳的人的负担。
阅读二：一百年前，经济学家已经假定并科学地“证明”社会法律会产生大量的由穷人和失业人员构成的军队，以保持经济的持续。
今天，几乎没有人敢提这条原则，人们普遍接受，任何人都不应该被富裕的西方工业化国家所排斥，一个保险制度已经出台，来保证在失业、生病和老年的情况下每个人的最低生活费用。
我想进一步说，即使这些情况都不存在，每个人都有权得到维持生活的手段，换句话说，他可以不需要任何理由来索赔这笔最低生活维持费。
但是，我建议这应该限制在一定的时间内，比如说两年，以避免鼓励那些拒绝任何社会责任的不正常态度的出现。
这听起来像个梦幻般的建议，但是我认为，我们的保险制度已经在一百年前被敲响，反对这项计划的主要是如果每个人都有权获得最低限度的支援，人们将不会再工作。
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1991年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. A) Excited. B) Pleased. C) Moved. D) Disappointed.2. A) She hasn’t been well lately.B) She wants a technician to repair it.C) She feels unhappy without the TV set. D) She wants him to fix it at once.3. A) He often complains about his job. B) He is not interested in office work.C) He likes his job very much. D) He does mind all the overtime.4. A) Her mother did her hair. B) She inherited it.C) Her mother designed. D) Her hair is modeled.5. A) Allen does twice as much work as the rest. B) Allen will do the assignment in two hours.C) Allen is very careless with his homework. D) Allen works twice as fast as the rest.6. A) The man is looking for a book. B) The woman is a librarian.C) The book was of little help to the man. D) The book was of great help to the man.7. A) 6. B) 15. C) 14. D) 29.8. A) Maybe the invitation was too late. B) The man’s wife didn’t invite Margaret.C) Margaret promised to come, but later she changed her mind. D) Margaret will come any moment.9. A) To go to bed. B) To check her family expenses.C) To stay upstairs. D) To rest for a while.10. A) John is usually late. B) John will not show up.C) John will be there at eight-thirty. D) John is usually on time.Section BPassage One11. A) Some piano pieces.B) Songs sung by African singers.C) A new kind of music.D) Music from different parts of the world.12. A) Tenderness.B) Happiness.C) Love.D) Sadness.13. A) How much people like sad music.B) Why music is an important form of art.C) How music expresses people’s feelings.D) In what way classic music differs from pop music.Passage Two14. A) The way you pursue it.B) The interest you have.C) The time you can afford.D) The money you spend on it.15. A) Playing tennis.B) Playing cards.C) Collecting coins.D) Collecting stamps.16. A) One can always find time to pursue a hobby.B) A hobby is of particular importance to a political figure.C) The correct choice of a hobby depends on one’s racial position.D) Everyone should learn how to choose a hobby from Winston Churchill.Passage Three17. A) To train students to be successful scholars.B) To teach students to be good citizens.C) To teach students to work hard.D) To train students to be social workers.18. A) To do better in math and science.B) To compete with each other.C) To obey the teacher.D) To help each other.19. A) Relaxing.B) Boring.C) Tense.D) Serious.20. A) Low scores of the students.B) Teachers’ impatience.C) Bad behavior among children.D) Heavy course load.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneMerchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and, in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States Coast Guard requirements, life preservers must be simple in design, reversible, capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.Sufficient buoyancy (浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hour in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions which follow a disaster. Thus, the life preserver should be reversible, so that it is nearly impossible to set it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.21. The passage is mainly about ________.A) the uses of life preserversB) the design of life preserversC) the materials for life preserversD) the buoyancy of life preservers22. According to the passage, a life preserver should be first of all, ________.A) adjustableB) comfortableC) self-evidentD) self-righting23. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to the made ________.A) with as few strings as possibleB) capable of being worn on both sidesC) according to each wearer’s sizeD) comfortable and light to wear24. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, line 6) the author refers to the person ________.A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserverB) who has a little experience in using a life preserverC) who uses a life preserver without permissionD) who becomes nervous before a disaster25. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?A) The waves would move him backwards.B) The water would choke him.C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.Passage TwoA hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist (维持生活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any “reason”. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refused any kind of social obligation.This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless, from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in inter-personal relationships in every sphere of daily life.26. People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to ________.A) the slow development of the economyB) the poor and jobless people’s o wn faultsC) the lack of responsibility on the part of societyD) the large number of people who were not well-educated27. Now it is widely accepted that ________.A) the present system of social insurance should be improvedB) everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any “reason”C) everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the countryD) people have to change their attitude towards the poor28. The writer argues that a system of social insurance should ________.A) provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployedB) encourage people to take on more social obligationsC) guarantee everyone the right to be employedD) provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period29. The word “fallacy” (Para. 2. L. 6) means ________.A) doubtB) factC) strong argumentD) wrong belief30. According to the writer, a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum ________.A) demands too much from societyB) makes freedom of contract impossibleC) helps people take interest in their workD) helps bring about changes in the relationship among peoplePassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The newborn can see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns to dull or bright solid colors and looks longer at stripes and angles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatically to the human face.Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to a human face tha n to any other kind of pattern’? Some scientists think this preference represents a built in advantage for the human species. The object of prime importance to the physically helpless infant is a human being. Babies seem to have a natural tendency to the human face as potentially rewarding. Researchers also point out that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outline, size, or color. Pattern remains stable, while outline changes with point of view; size, with distance from an object; and brightness and color, with lighting.Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have been told. The experts who thought that perception (知觉) had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reasons. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated than they are today. Physical skills were once used to indicate perception of objects-skills like visual tracking and reaching for an object, both of which t he newborn does poorly. Then, too, assumptions that the newborn’s eye and brain were too immature for anything as sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of more “basic” qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was rejected.31. What does a newborn baby like to see most’?A) Bright colors.B) Circular patterns.C) Stripes and angles.D) Various shapes.32. The newborn pays more attention to a human face than any other kind of objects because ________.A) he sees a human face more often than any other kind of patternB) he has an inherent ability to regard a human being as helpfulC) a human face is the most complex pattern he can seeD) a human face is often accompanied by a pleasant voice33. Contrary to what they believe, mothers have been told that newborns ________.A) care little about a human faceB) can’t track their movementsC) can’t see their facesD) can easily perceive brightness34. In earlier researches on the newborn’s perception, scientists ________.A) ignored evidence contrary to their assumptionsB) believed that perception of form comes before perception of color and brightnessC) opposed throwing away effective dataD) proved that physical skills come after visual perception35. The main idea of the passage is that ________.A) research techniques are of vital importance scientific investigationB) the findings of earlier scientific researchers often prove wrongC) newborns can perceive forms from birthD) more often than not the claims of mothers are reliablePassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Albert Einstein recalled his learning problems philosophically: “My intel lectual (智力的) development was slow, as a result of which I began to wonder about space and time only when I had already grown up. Naturally, I could go deeper into the problem than a child.” And so, 11 years after dismissal from school, young Albert Einste in published the theory of relativity that changed our understanding of the universe.No one in this century has been more widely recognized as a genius than Einstein. Yet his problems with early intellectual development and his peculiar gifts cast great doubt on all our conventional ideas about genius, intelligence or “I.Q.” (智商). On the one hand, Einstein showed early defects in abilities that our mental tests value; on the other hand, his special intellectual faculties went far beyond most definitions of intelligence. Moreover, their growth appears peculiarly gradual, contradicting the popular conception of intelligence as something inborn and fixed. His resolute persistence and his skills in playing games with ideas were apparently as decisive to his genius as any cutting edge of intellect (智能).These powerful aspects of intelligence that conventional definitions overlook are getting close attention in a new wave of research. This comes after years of earlier studies which exposed the narrowness of our usual measures of mental ability. Intelligence, it turns out, is multifaceted and marvelous; it includes personal characteristics, creativity skills and intellectual capabilities that show up on no test. What is most exciting is that some of these iii-defined abilities are possessed by many people. Just knowing about such neglected skills will help us discover and develop untapped (未开发的) potential-in ourselves and in our children.36. This passage is about ________.A) the development of Einstein’s intellectB) the wide recognition of Einstein as a geniusC) conventional ideas concerning geniusD) an insight to the complexity of human intelligence37. According to the passage, when Einstein was at school, he ________.A) fell behind other pupilsB) was fond of studying philosophical problemsC) was proud of his own diligenceD) thought more deeply about the problems of space and time than his classmates38. Which of the following led to Einstein’s success?A) His good skills in game-playing.B) His diligence and powerful mind.C) His unusual insight into the conception of intelligence.D) His decisiveness in taking actions.39. “Multifaceted” (Para. 3, Line 6) probably means ________.A) having many aspectsB) having many abilitiesC) having many skillsD) having many uses40. According to the passage which of the following statement s is TRUE’?A) Conventional intelligence tests are not reliable.B) For ordinary people intelligence is something inborn and fixed.C) Einstein was apparently a genius in playing games as well as in scientific research.D) Einstein’s early defects in abili ties contributed to his later mental development.Part III V ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. The oil shortage ________ the prices of chemical fertilizers on the world market.A) drove oil B) drove up C) drove in D) drove off42. There are five ________ mistakes in this picture. Can you find them and win a prize?A) intensive B) deliberate C) planned D) calculated43. These studies will yield valuable lemons ________.A) in which to save lives and protect property B) how to save lives and protect propertyC) in how to save lives and protect property D) about those to save lives and protect property44. The school offered flexible courses for farmers, ________ more hours of study when farm work was not heavy.A) with B) without C) in D) for45. Part of the cost of many articles is taken as tax by the government ________ the community.A) in place of B) on account of C) in terms of D) on behalf of46. Soldiers act in ________ to the orders of their officers.A) obligation B) objection C) obedience D) offence47. ________ after the Second World War that test pilots first attempted to br eak the “Sound barrier.”A) It was shortly B) Until shortly C) Shortly was it D) Shortly48. ________ in the Atacama Desert.A) It never virtually rains B) It virtually never rains C) Never it rains virtually D) Never virtually it rains49. Society now requires the university to be a part of the community. ________, students themselves expect to play a role in the affairs of society.A) Hence B) However C) Moreover D) Otherwise50. Superconductors lose electrical resistance only ________ subjected to intense cold.A) through B) when C) as D) by51. Those who lie and cheat will never ________ it.A) get on with B) get back to C) get away with D) get off with52. A foreign language like English is difficult to learn, so you ________ work too hard.A) should B) mustn’t C) can’t D) ought to53. Cultural life in England takes so many forms that a brief summary can only attempt to ________ its variety.A) suggest B) remind C) consider D) propose54. There are ________ periods in an animal’s life when it is capable of learning a great deal in a very short time.A) urgent B) violent C) serious D) critical55. Do employers in your country ________ workers for in juries suffered at their work?A) conform B) conflict C) compel D) compensate56. Since they betrayed us, they have no hope of convincing ________ their sincerity.A) with B) for C) in D) of57. They assured us that ________ was waiting for they were there to share it.A) what B) whatever C) it D) whoever58. ________ exposure to dirty air can cause people suffer from some diseases.A) Raised B) Prolonged C) Expanded D) Enlarged59. ________ about one of the most rapidly changing countries in a ceaselessly changing world is not all easy.A) Being informed B) To be informing C) Have in formed D) Informed60. Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not ________ contact with the outside world.A) lose B) fall C) miss D) fail61. Visitors to England sometimes find the lack of public activities in the evenings ________.A) depressed B) depression C) depressing D) depressingly62. Julie is one of those women who always ________ the latest fashions.A) look after B) keep up with C) run for D) go in for63. This traditional entertainment for children in America has never, ________ I know, become popular in China.A) as far as B) as much C) to the extent that D) so long as64. Mr. Smith attends to the ________ of important business himself:A) transmission B) transformation C) transaction D) transition65. Besides what you have explained, can you think of ________ reason for their terrible action?A) any B) else C) other D) another66. The chairman threatened ________ if his policies were not adopted.A) to resign B) resigning C) to be resigned D) being resigned67. She was able to give the police a full account of since she had been ________ to it.A) an observer B) an on-looker C) a watcher D) a witness68. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ________.A) obscure B) upsetting C) distant D) inferior69. Although the national government has introduced some new laws on this subject, it is the ________ state governments which are responsible for pollution control.A) precisely B) primarily C) progressively D) preliminarily70. He would ________ it that his son took a livelier interest in politics.A) see into B) see through C) see about D) see toPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱. 1. time/times/periodMany of the arguments having╱ used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______By the time of the Civil War, there were many differences between the North and the South.For instance, the population of the (71) North was far greater than of the South. (72) Twenty-two million people lived in the North; nine million lived in the South. To the nine million people in the South, more than three million were (73) slaves, many of whom would fight for the North.In addition to have more people, the (74) North also possessed most of the factories in the United States. This greatly helped the Southern (75) army, which could count on adequate supplies of (76) guns, ammunition(弹药), and clothing during (77) the Civil War. In the contrast, the South, since it mainly depended on farming, had many factories.The Southern leaders hoped to gain war supplies from European countries. They planned to buy their crops (78) to England and France in return for guns and ammunition to fight the war. (79)Except its industry, the North also had a larger network of railroads to transport supplies. (80) The South, which had few railroads, depended on its waterways to transport men and supplies.Moreover, the North had an establishing army, navy, and government, while the South had to begin organizing its self military force.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Man Is to Survive. You should base your writing on the following outline:1. 人类面临的问题(如能源、疾病、污染、人口等)2. 悲观的看法(如人类将无法生存)3. 人类的智慧和出路Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Be sure to write your composition in readable handwriting.Man Is to Survive1991年1月六级参考答案Part I1.D2.C3.A4.A5.B6.A7.D8.B9.D10.C 11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C 16.B17.A18.C19.B20.CPart II21.D22.A23.A24.D25.C 26.C27.B28.B29.D30.D 31.B32.A33.C34.C35.A 36.D37.B38.C39.A40.APart III41.D42.B43.D44.C45.A 46.A47.C48.D49.D50.A 51.C52.A53.C54.B55.B56.B57.B58.C59.B60.D 61.C62.D63.A64.C65.A 66.B67.A68.A69.B70.DPart IV Error Correction（答案暂缺）范文：Nowadays humanity is faced with a lot of troublesome problems: energy crisis, cancer, pollution, population explosion, tec. They are threatening the survival of humanity. Therefore, some people are pessimistic about the future of humanity.They are pessimistic because they think that limited energy on earth will be exhausted soon; incurable diseases are threatening more people's lives; pollution is worsening the environment; population explosion will make food shortage even more serious.Actually they needn't worry too much about these problems. Scientists will have developed new energy resources by the time oil and coal are used up. Besides, scientists are making a thorough study of genes and they will manage to cure cancer by adjusting the arrangement of genes. They are also making efforts to control pollution and population. Furthermore, all the governments in the world are concerned about these problems and they ahve taken measures to solve these problems.Therefore, we have every reason to be sure that human beings will conquer nature but they will never be conquered.。