暨南大学项目管理-chapter 4 define the project

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Project Management Trade-offs
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FIGURE 4.1
Trade-offs among time , cost, and performance
•One of the primary jobs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs among time, cost, and performance. •To do so, project manager must define and understand the nature of the priorities of the project.
• Causes of Project Trade-offs • Shifts in the relative importance of criterions related to cost, time, and performance parameters • Budget–Cost • Schedule–Time • Performance–Scope
6. Reviews with customer (internal and external )
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Project Scope: Terms and Definitions
• Scope Statements • Also called statements of work (SOW)
• Project Charter • Can contain an expanded version of scope statement • A document authorizing the project manager to initiate and lead the project.
Once the outline and its detail are defined, an integrated information system can be developed to schedule work and allocate budgets.
2019/12/11
Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University
管理学院 School of Management
佟瑞 Edward Tong， MPM，MBA
2019/12/11
Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University
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CHAPTER FOUR
Defining the Project
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Project Scope Checklist
1. Project objective ( what, when, and how much ?)
2. Deliverables ( the expected outputs over life of the project,)
Scope definition should be as brief as possible but complete, one or two pages are O.K.!
I have a dream !
2019/12/11
Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University
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What is Work breakdown structhe project.
The early stages of developing the outline serve to ensure that all tasks are identified and that participants of the project have a understanding of what is to be done.
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What is work breakdown structure ?
•Once the scope and deliverables have been identified. The work of the project can be successively subdivided into smaller and smaller work elements. •The outcome of this hierarchical process is called the work breakdown structure (WBS) •WBS is a map of the project.
2019/12/11
Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University
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Project Priority Matrix
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FIGURE 4.2
Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure
• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) • An hierarchical outline (map) that identifies the products and work elements involved in a project. • Defines the relationship of the final deliverable (the project) to its subdeliverables, and in turn, their relationships to work packages. • Best suited for design and build projects that have tangible outcomes rather than process-oriented projects.
3. Milestones( natural, important control points in the project. Easy to recognize)
4. Technical requirements( ensure proper performance)
5. Limits and exclusions( limits of scope)
2019/12/11
Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University
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Hierarchical Breakdown of the WBS
* This breakdown groups work packages by type of work within a deliverable and allows assignment of responsibility to an organizational unit. This extra step facilitates a system for monitoring project progress (discussed in Chapter 13).
• Scope Creep • The tendency for the project scope to expand over time due to changing requirements, specifications, and priorities.
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Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities
• Managing the Priorities of Project Trade-offs • Constrain: a parameter is a fixed requirement. • Enhance: optimizing a criterion over others. • Accept: reducing (or not meeting) a criterion requirement.
• Purpose of the Scope Statement • To clearly define the deliverable(s) for the end user. • To focus the project on successful completion of its goals. • To be used by the project owner and participants as a planning tool and for measuring project success.
We can control only what we have planned.
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Step 1: Defining the Project Scope
• Project Scope • A definition of the end result or mission of the project—a product or service for the client/customer—in specific, tangible, and measurable terms.
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Work Breakdown Structure
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FIGURE 4.4
Work Packages, each work package is a control point.
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Defining the Project
Step 1: Defining the Project Scope Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Step 4: Integrating the WBS with the Organization Step 5: Coding the WBS for the Information System