Airline Industry Ratios

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民航概论分析工具

S-C-P
structure: number of buyers and sellers, barriers to entry of new firms, product differentiation, vertical integration, diversification conduct: advertising, research and development, pricing behavior, plant investment, legal tactics, product choice, collusion, merger and contracts performance: price, production efficiency, allocative efficiency, equity, product quality, technical progress, profits
The Four Building Blocks of Organizational DNA
商业模式由四个密切相关的要素构成：客户价值主张，赢利模式，关键资源，关键流程。
商业模式由四个密切相关的要素

客户价值主张是指你能为客户带来什么不能替代的价值, 赢利模式是指你如何从为客户创造价值的过程中获得利润, 关键资源是指企业内部如何汇聚资源来为客户提供价值, 关键流程则是指企业内部制度和文化以实现其客户价值。客户价值主张和盈利模式分别明确了客户价值和公司价值,关键资源和关键流程则描述了如何实现客户价值和公司价值。
掌握波特五力模型的“五力”
掌握波特价值链的五大基础活动与四大支持性活动
Source: /advice/plane-speaking/aviationglossary

产业的单词

togoover复习
test考试
totest考试
totakeanexamination
tositanexamination
todoanexamination
参加考试
convocationnotice考试通知
examiner考试者
boardofexaminers考试团
examinationoral
writtenexamination口试
纺织工业
tradeindustry
商业部门
travelindustry
旅游业
warindustry
军事工业
woodindustry
木材工业
yeastindustry
酵母工业
教育类的单词：
instruction
education教育
culture文化
primaryeducation初等教育
secondaryeducation中等教育
产业的单词：
advertisingindustry广告业
aerospaceindustry航空和航天工业
agriculturalindustry农业生产
aircraftindustry飞机制造工业
airlineindustry航空公司;航线
alcoholicbeverageindustry
酒精饮料工业
副产物加工业
cannedfoodsindustry
罐头食品工业
capital-intensiveindustry
资本密集[集约]工业;资本密集型的工业;耗费资金的工业
carindustry
汽车制造工业
cementindustry
水泥工业

中国民航市场结构

中国民航业市场结构分析：垄断或竞争？Monopoly or Competition:Chinese airline industry market structure范幸丽1龚强2Abstract:Chinese Airline industry is in the process of marketization. After nearly four-year marketization in airline industry, not only the government but also the investors and consumers show great concern for the present market structure of Chinese airline industry. This paper initiates a theoretical model for airline market structure, combining with Chinese airline industry data to study the equilibrium quantity and air fares. Hence we can identify Chinese airline industry market structure by considering the entry barrier and the costs of the airline company. Our analysis shows that the present Chinese airline industry structure is competitive. Consequently, our empirical facts are consistent with our findings.内容摘要：中国民航业正处于迅猛发展时期和市场化改革进一步深化进程中。

英汉翻译重难点之二

英汉翻译重难点之二：词类转译一、转译为动词（一）名词转译为动词Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用来探索宇宙。

1.含有动词意味的名词转译为动词The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing. 看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。

（1）英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词I think my sister is a better singer than I.我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。

二、转译为名词1．名词派生的动词Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。

2.名词转化的动词This machine is designed to burn up if overused.这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。

练习：For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was theirfirst sight of the promising land.数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。

One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living.导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。

The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。

airline 造句

airline 造句Airline travel has become an essential part of our modern lives. Whether we are traveling for business or leisure, airlines play a significant role in connecting us to different parts of the world. From the moment we step foot into the airport to the time we reach our destination, the airline experience shapes our journey. In this article, we will explore various aspects of airline travel, highlighting its impact on our lives.1. The airline industry has revolutionized the way we travel, enabling us to reach far-flung destinations in a matter of hours.2. Airlines invest heavily in technology and innovation to enhance the travel experience for their passengers.3. The safety and security of airline travel are of utmost importance, with rigorous protocols in place to ensure the well-being of passengers.4. The airline crew plays a crucial role in providing excellent customer service and ensuring a comfortable journey for passengers.5. Airlines offer a range of services and amenities onboard, including in-flight entertainment, meals, and Wi-Fi, to make the travel experience more enjoyable.6. Frequent flyer programs and loyalty schemes encourage passengers to choose specific airlines, fostering customer loyalty in ahighly competitive industry.7. Airline ticket prices fluctuate based on various factors such as demand, seasonality, and competition, making it essential for passengers to plan their travel in advance.8. The environmental impact of airline travel has raised concerns, leading to the development of more sustainable practices and the promotion of eco-friendly initiatives.9. Airline travel has opened up new opportunities for cultural exchange and tourism, enabling people to explore different cultures and broaden their horizons.10. The airline industry faces numerous challenges, including economic fluctuations, geopolitical tensions, and evolving customer preferences, requiring constant adaptation and innovation.In conclusion, the airline industry has transformed the way we travel, providing us with the ability to explore the world with ease. From the convenience of online bookings to the comfort of onboard amenities, airlines strive to make our journeys memorable. However, it is essential to balance convenience with sustainability and prioritize safety and security. As travelers, we must also be mindful of the impact of our choices on the environment and support airlines that prioritize sustainable practices. Airline travel is more than just getting from point A to point B; it is an experience that connects uswith the world and enriches our lives.。

航空调研报告范文英语

航空调研报告范文英语Title: Research Report on the Airline IndustryIntroduction:The airline industry plays a crucial role in the transportation sector, connecting people and goods across the globe. This report aims to provide an overview of the current state of the industry, its challenges, and potential growth opportunities.Market Analysis:The airline industry has grown steadily in recent years, with a global revenue of over $800 billion in 2019. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the industry, resulting in a significant decline in air travel demand and revenue. In 2020, airlines experienced a loss of $370 billion, reflecting the challenges faced by the industry.Key Challenges:1. Decreased demand and revenue due to the pandemic: Travel restrictions, lockdowns, and fear of infection have led to a sharp decline in air travel. This has caused significant financial strain on airlines, leading to layoffs, fleet grounding, and bankruptcy filings.2. Rising fuel prices: The volatile nature of fuel prices poses a challenge for airlines as it directly affects operating costs. Fluctuating fuel prices can lead to an increase in ticket prices and impact profitability.3. Intense competition: The industry is highly competitive, with low-cost carriers challenging traditional airlines. This competitionputs pressure on achieving higher load factors and offering competitive fares, thereby impacting airline revenues and profits. Opportunities for Growth:1. The rebound of air travel demand post-pandemic: As vaccination rates increase and travel restrictions ease, it is expected that air travel will gradually recover. Airlines can seize this opportunity by adapting their operations to meet evolving customer expectations and implementing enhanced health and safety measures.2. Emerging markets: Developing economies present significant growth potential for the airline industry. Investments in infrastructure, rising disposable incomes, and increasing tourism contribute to the expansion of air travel in these regions. Airlines can tap into these markets by expanding their routes and establishing partnerships with local carriers.3. Technological advancements: Innovation in aircraft technology, such as the development of more fuel-efficient and environmentally-friendly planes, creates opportunities for airlines to reduce operating costs and enhance sustainability. Furthermore, advancements in digital technology can improve customer experience, streamline operations, and enable personalized services. Conclusion:The airline industry faces numerous challenges, primarily drivenby the COVID-19 pandemic, intense competition, and fuel price volatility. However, opportunities for growth exist through the rebound of air travel demand, expansion into emerging markets,and embracing technological advancements. To succeed in the ever-changing landscape, airlines must remain adaptable, customer-focused, and strive for operational efficiency.。

航空公司笔试英语

航空公司笔试英语The airline industry is a global network that requires impeccable communication skills. English proficiency is paramount for ensuring seamless interactions with international passengers and colleagues.Preparing for an airline company's written English test can be both exciting and challenging. It's an opportunity to showcase one's linguistic abilities and understanding of the aviation sector.Reading comprehension is often a key component of these tests, assessing candidates' ability to grasp and analyze complex texts related to aviation. Practice by reading up on the latest industry news and regulations.Vocabulary is another crucial aspect. Familiarize yourself with aviation-specific terms and jargon to communicate effectively within the industry. Flashcards and specialized glossaries can be invaluable tools.Grammar and punctuation are essential for clear and professional written communication. Regular practice in writing emails, reports, and memos can help refine these skills.Lastly, don't overlook the importance of cultural awareness. The ability to understand and respect differentcultures is as important as language skills in the diverse environment of an airline company.Remember, the test is not just about your English proficiency but also about your adaptability and readiness to be part of a dynamic and multicultural work setting. Good luck!。

对航空业的理解英语作文

对航空业的理解英语作文The aviation industry is a high-stakes game. It's all about precision, efficiency, and safety. One small mistake can lead to catastrophic consequences, so there's no room for error.Flying is a marvel of human ingenuity. The fact that we can defy gravity and soar through the sky is nothing short of miraculous. It's a testament to our ability to conquer the impossible.But behind the glamour of air travel lies a complex web of logistics. From flight planning to maintenance to air traffic control, there are countless moving parts that need to work in perfect harmony.Safety is the top priority in the aviation industry. Every precaution is taken to ensure that passengers and crew arrive at their destination unscathed. It's a testament to the industry's commitment to excellence.The aviation industry is constantly evolving. New technologies and innovations are always on the horizon, pushing the boundaries of what's possible. It's an industry that never stands still.The aviation industry is a global enterprise. It connects people and cultures from all corners of the world, making the planet feel smaller and more interconnected.It's a powerful force for unity and understanding.。

英语作文-航空公司的廉价航班如何吸引更多游客选择

英语作文-航空公司的廉价航班如何吸引更多游客选择In today's competitive airline industry, attracting travelers to opt for low-cost flights has become a strategic challenge for many carriers. The appeal of budget airlines lies not only in their affordable pricing but also in their ability to provide value and convenience to passengers. This article explores how budget airlines can effectively attract more travelers.Firstly, affordability remains the cornerstone of a budget airline's appeal. By offering significantly lower ticket prices compared to traditional carriers, these airlines cater to budget-conscious travelers who prioritize cost savings over additional amenities. This pricing strategy not only appeals to individual travelers but also to families and budget-minded business travelers who seek economical travel options.Moreover, flexibility in pricing and booking options plays a crucial role in attracting a broader customer base. Budget airlines often employ dynamic pricing strategies, allowing fares to fluctuate based on demand and booking time. This flexibility enables travelers to secure lower fares by booking in advance or choosing less popular travel times, thus appealing to those willing to plan ahead to save money.Beyond pricing, the simplicity and efficiency of the booking process are critical factors in enhancing customer experience. Budget airlines typically offer user-friendly websites and mobile apps that streamline the booking process. This seamless online interface allows travelers to easily search for flights, compare prices, and complete bookings within minutes, eliminating the complexities often associated with traditional booking systems.In addition to competitive pricing and user-friendly booking systems, the onboard experience offered by budget airlines also contributes to their attractiveness. While amenities may be more limited compared to full-service carriers, budget airlines focus on delivering essential services such as comfortable seating, reliable onboard Wi-Fi, andconvenient refreshment options. These services ensure that passengers enjoy a comfortable journey without unnecessary frills, aligning with the preferences of many modern travelers.Furthermore, strategic partnerships and alliances can significantly enhance the appeal of budget airlines. Collaborations with hotels, car rental companies, and tourist attractions can create bundled packages that offer added value to travelers. Such partnerships not only broaden the range of services available to passengers but also enhance the overall travel experience by providing seamless connectivity from booking to destination.The marketing strategies employed by budget airlines also play a pivotal role in attracting more travelers. These airlines often leverage digital marketing channels, including social media platforms and targeted online advertising, to reach a global audience of potential customers. By showcasing competitive fares, promotional offers, and customer testimonials, budget airlines effectively communicate their value proposition and differentiate themselves from competitors.Moreover, customer loyalty programs and frequent flyer initiatives can foster repeat business and encourage travelers to choose a specific budget airline for future trips. By rewarding frequent travelers with points, discounts, or exclusive benefits, budget airlines build long-term relationships with their customer base, thereby enhancing brand loyalty and advocacy.In conclusion, the success of budget airlines in attracting more travelers lies in their ability to offer affordable pricing, streamlined booking processes, essential onboard services, strategic partnerships, effective marketing strategies, and customer loyalty initiatives. By continually adapting to evolving consumer preferences and market trends, budget airlines can position themselves as preferred choices for travelers seeking economical and efficient travel experiences. As the airline industry continues to evolve, the ability of budget airlines to innovate and meet the changing needs of travelers will be essential to sustaining growth and competitiveness in the global market.。

unit 6 《新编旅游英语》PPT课件

Other airlines have similar structure and combine to make a total system that blankets the country. 其他航空公司有同样的运输覆盖点，它们联合起来构成一个覆盖全国的总系统。
• Text A • What is Hospitality Management?
A reservation letter should be concise, specific, and short. And it should include the kind of room to be reserved, the exact date, the duration, and the time of arrival and departure, and other personal preferences.
revolutionize range equivalent disposal incredibly purchase destination
v. n.
adj. v. adv. v.
n.
引起变革行程，航程
相同的，对等的布置，配置，处置
难以置信地购买，采购目的地
• Text A • What is Hospitality Management?
• Text A
• What is Hospitality Management?
Notes
The logistics that make it happen are complex, but the system works well. 得以使整个飞行完成的后勤服务十分复杂，但这个体系运行畅通。
• Text A

航线管理员职位英文

航线管理员职位英文英文回答：Airline Manager.Airline managers are responsible for the overall operation of an airline, including planning, scheduling,and coordinating flights, as well as overseeing the safety and efficiency of the airline's operations. They workclosely with other departments within the airline, such as marketing, finance, and operations, to ensure that theairline is operating smoothly and profitably.The duties and responsibilities of an airline manager can vary depending on the size and structure of the airline, but typically include:Developing and implementing strategic plans for the airline.Managing the airline's fleet of aircraft.Scheduling flights and assigning crews.Overseeing the safety and security of the airline's operations.Managing the airline's finances.Marketing and promoting the airline's services.Communicating with customers and other stakeholders.Airline managers typically have a bachelor's degree in business administration, aviation management, or a related field. They also typically have several years of experience in the aviation industry, in roles such as flight operations, scheduling, or marketing.Airline managers must be able to think strategically and make decisions that are in the best interests of the airline. They must also be able to work effectively withothers, both within the airline and with external stakeholders such as government regulators and airport authorities.Airline managers can work in a variety of settings, including airline headquarters, airports, and regional offices. They typically work long hours, and may be required to travel frequently.中文回答：航空公司经理。

航空工业的英语作文

航空工业的英语作文英文：As an aviation enthusiast, I have always been fascinated by the aerospace industry. The aviation industry plays a crucial role in connecting people and goods across the globe, and it has revolutionized the way we travel and do business. From commercial airlines to military aircraft, the aerospace industry encompasses a wide range of activities, including aircraft manufacturing, maintenance, and research and development.One of the most iconic companies in the aerospace industry is Boeing. Boeing has been a leader in commercial aviation for many years, and its aircraft, such as the 737 and 787, are renowned for their innovation and reliability. The company's contribution to the aviation industry is significant, and it has helped shape the future of air travel.In addition to commercial aviation, the aerospace industry also includes the production of military aircraft and defense systems. Companies like Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman are at the forefront of military aviation technology, developing advanced fighter jets and surveillance systems that are vital for national security.The aerospace industry is also a hotbed for innovation and technological advancement. For example, the development of supersonic aircraft, such as the Concorde in the past and the upcoming Boom Overture, has pushed the boundaries of what is possible in air travel. These advancements not only make air travel faster and more efficient but also open up new possibilities for international travel and trade.中文：作为一个航空爱好者，我一直对航空航天工业充满着兴趣。

基础英语学习 The Airline Industry

The Airline Industry
A Gateway Airport
•Provides international passengers with access to a country.
•e.g: Benito Juarez is Mexico´s major gateway airport.
The Airline Industry
The Airline Industry
Traditional Airlines
• Flag carrier
• In Countries where the main Airline is or was publicly owned.( British Airways)
Airport Staff
Airport Staff
• Baggage handler • Air traffic controller • Customs officer • Security guard • Immigration officer • check-in clerck
Flight Staff
• Code Sharing is a recent practice thrugh which an airline sell seats , under its own name , on another’s airline´s Flight.
The Airline Industry
The airports are also given a code of three lettlers
Low Cost Airlines
•These offer scheduled but uses certain strategies to keep low seat costs as:

航空行业研究(英语)

AIRLINES FINANCIAL MONITORDecember 2009-January 2010KEY POINTSÊ Airline share prices gain 5% in January, as markets become more positive about airline performance; Ê Early releases for 2009Q4 suggest the Q3 signs of improved airline financial performance continued; Ê Fuel prices rise above $91/b in January but markets now expect rising trend to moderate; Ê Strong upturn in air travel and air freight demand at year end, while capacity cuts remain in place; Ê Passenger and freight load factors rise to record, or at least pre-recession, levels as a result; Ê Fares now rising but premium revenues were still 30% down on early 2008, economy down 16%; Ê Wide-body aircraft utilisation 7% down implying financial performance will lag upturn in traffic demand.Financial indicatorsAirline share prices outperform the market as confidence rises early in 2010Bloomberg Airlines IndexSource: Bloomberg50100150200250300O c t -04J a n -05A p r -05J u l -05O c t -05J a n -06A p r -06J u l -06O c t -06J a n -07A p r -07J u l -07O c t -07J a n -08A p r -08J u l -08O c t -08J a n -09A p r -09J u l -09O c t -09J a n -10U S $Asia AirlinesEuropean AirlinesWorlwide AirlinesUS AirlinesÊ Financial markets began to have moreconfidence in the prospects for airline profitability, pushing airline share prices up almost 5% during January, outperforming most markets. This followed share price underperformance throughout 2009, despite the 25% rise in the Bloomberg global airlines index. Ê In the past month another $1 billion ofcash was raised by airlines in Asia and the US, including a small amount of equity in the Tiger Airways IPO; taking the total cash raised on the markets since early 2009 to over $31 billion.Early 2009Q4 data indicates continued financial improvement through second halfin US$ Million # AirlinesOperating Net post-tax Operating Net post-tax11North America -406.7-3522602.141.51Europe -121.3-156.82-15.66Asia-Pacific -351.8-1062.6-168.7-389.81Latin America 231.6117.1190.3109.7Other19Sample total -648.2-4624.3625.7-254.2Q4 2008Q4 2009Ê Q4 financial data has only beenreleased by a few airlines, but so far it is quite consistently indicating a further improvement in performance during the second half of 2009, following the deterioration during the first half. Ê Seasonal weakness in travel always depresses Q4 financials – and we stillexpect an $11bn net loss for 2009 as a whole - but the comparison with 2008Q4 shows an improvement across geographical regions.IATA Economics /economics 1Fuel costsFuel prices spike above $91/b in January but markets expecting rise to moderateJet Fuel and Crude Oil Price ($/barrel)20406080100120140160180200J a n 03M a y 03S e p 03J a n 04M a y 04S e p 04J a n 05M a y 05S e p 05J a n 06M a y 06S e p 06J a n 07M a y 07S e p 07J a n 08M a y 08S e p 08J a n 09M a y 09S e p 09J a n 10Jet fuel priceSource: Platts, RBSCrude oil price (Brent)Ê For the past 12 months the trend incrude oil and jet fuel prices has been upwards; a trend that continued into January. Ê Looking ahead the markets, onbalance, expect this trend to flatten as a result of new oil supplies coming on stream coupled with flat OECD demand. The crack spread rose in January as refiners maximised production of heating oil at the expense of other middle distillates, but even at 14% this is low relative to historic norms due to excess refinery capacity.DemandAir freight rises sharply at the end of 2009 and passenger demand growth resumesInternational passenger and freight tonne-kilometersSource: IATA-30%-20%-10%0%10%20%30%J ul -05O c t -05J a n -06A p r -06J u l -06O c t -06J a n -07A p r -07J u l -07O c t -07J a n -08A p r -08J u l -08O c t -08J a n -09A p r -09J u l -09O c t -09% c h a n g e o v e r y e a r Air freight FTKsPassenger RPKsÊ Demand for air transport rose sharplyat the end of 2009, as the upturn in economic growth – particularly in Asia – gathered pace. Ê The year-on-year comparisons aredistorted by the collapse in demand at the end of 2008, which dramatically boosted the 24.4% growth rate for air freight in December. Nonetheless, air freight volumes did rise at a robust pace during Q4, compared with Q3. Air travel is also rising, albeit lagging behind the upturn in air freight. CapacityPassenger capacity still low and freight capacity additions slower than demandCapacity growth on international marketsSource: IATA-30%-25%-20%-15%-10%-5%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%J u l -05O c t -05J a n -06A p r -06J u l -06O c t -06J a n -07A p r -07J u l -07O c t -07J a n -08A p r -08J u l -08O c t -08J a n -09A p r -09J u l -09O c t -09% c h a n g e o v e r y e a rPassenger ASKsAir freight AFTKsÊ The capacity chart opposite uses thesame scale as the demand chart above, indicating the much smaller fluctuations in airline capacity compared with the volatility in demand. Ê Capacity cuts on international marketstook place in late 2008 and the first half of 2009, reducing passenger capacity by 7% and freight by over 10%. By the end of the year both were more or less unchanged on levels at the end of 2008. Air freight capacity had started to rise but at a much slower pace than the surge in demand.A terrible first half for passenger load factors but improvement in the second halfPassenger Load factors on international marketsSource: IATA68%70%72%74%76%78%80%82%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec% o f A S K sÊ Being such a capital intensive industrythe utilisation of assets is critical for profitability. The slump in load factors during the first half of 2009 was a major factor behind the deterioration in airline financial performance. Ê The improvement in 2009H2 financialperformance, reported above, is partly due to the strong rebound in load factors during the second half; a combination of returning air travel demand and enduring cuts in capacity.Sharp rise in freight capacity utilisation but freighter hours have fallenFreight Load factors on international marketsSource: IATAJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec% o f A F T K sÊ The air freight business saw an even deeper slump in load factors early in 2009. During the second half there was a very strong improvement load factors, despite some additions to capacity, resulting from the surge in demand. Ê However, the average daily hours flown by the existing fleet of wide-body and freighter aircraft is down around 7% from early 2008 levels. Airlines have reduced both seat and freight capacity partly by keeping aircraft on the ground. Although aircraft are ‘full’ again the airlines’ assets are still underutilised.Aircraft fleet expansion continues as deliveries exceed retirements and parkingAircraft Retirements and Deliveries-80-2040100160220200620072008 J u l -08 A u g -08 S e p -08 O c t -08 N o v -08 D e c -08 J a n -09 F e b -09 M a r -09 A p r -09 M a y -09 J u n -09 J u l -09 A u g -09 S e p -09 O c t -09 N o v -09 D e c -10A i r c r a f t p e r m o n t hÊ There was the usual end-year rush tobook aircraft deliveries, which boosted the December numbers to 144 new aircraft. Ê Even allowing for this, new aircraftdeliveries have consistently outpaced retirements and storage for each of the past 11 months. With only 21 retirements and 9 aircraft taken out of storage, the fleet expanded by 132 or around 0.5% during December. Ê During 2009 deliveries of 1245 new jets and turboprops exceeded storageand retirements by almost 800 aircraft. Despite cuts of 7% in passenger seat capacity and 10% in freight capacity during 2009, the size of the in-service fleet grew by over 3% - a combination achieved by cutting average hours flown.IATA Economics: /economics 3Average fares on international markets rising in response to fuller aircraftFares on international markets-30%-25%-20%-15%-10%-5%0%5%10%15%20%J a n -06M a r -06M a y -06J u l -06S e p -06N o v -06J a n -07M a r -07M a y -07J u l -07S e p -07N o v -07J a n -08M a r -08M a y -08J u l -08S e p -08N o v -08J a n -09M a r -09M a y -09J u l -09S e p -09% c h a n g e o v e r y e a rEconomy faresPremium fares PC10Ê The upturn in load factors, reachingrecord highs by the end of 2009, has tightened supply-demand conditions on international airline passenger markets. As a result average fares are now starting to increases, though their upturn has lagged the rise in passenger numbers. By October premium fares, which had been more than 25% down on the year at the start of Q2, had recovered to a level 10% lower. Economy fares were 5% lower than a year earlier. Ê These fare comparisons are starting tobe distorted by the significant declines experienced last year. Looking at the seasonally-adjusted level of fares shows premium and economy 8-9% up on early 2009 low points. However, the level of average premium fares is still 20% below where it was in early 2008 and economy fares are 10% down. Ê Since premium passenger numbersare 20% down that implies revenues from premium passengers were still 30% lower at the end of 2009 than in early 2008. Economy revenues were still around 16% down. There is still some way to go – perhaps several years - before the revenue environment can be described as having ‘recovered’.Data tablesInternational passenger and freight markets in NovemberDec 09 vs. Dec 08YTD 2009 vs. YTD 2008RPK GrowthASK Growth PLF FTK GrowthAFTK GrowthFLFRPK GrowthASK Growth PLF FTK GrowthAFTK GrowthFLFAfrica 3.1% 1.1% 71.5 33.0% 4.5% 32.8 -6.8% -3.3% 69.9 -11.2% -3.3% 27.9 Asia/Pacific 8.0% -0.9% 78.2 34.4% 7.7% 65.1 -5.6% -6.3% 73.9 -9.2% -11.0% 61.2 Europe -1.2% -3.5% 76.0 5.2% -9.5% 52.4 -5.0% -4.4% 76.4 -16.1% -10.7% 47.0 Latin America 7.1% 1.4% 76.0 37.4% 20.0% 48.0 0.3% 1.7% 73.0 -4.0% 1.4% 41.8 Middle East 19.1% 14.1% 76.3 32.1% 13.7% 45.3 11.2% 13.6% 73.3 3.9% 6.8% 42.4 North America -0.4% -5.4% 82.2 23.9% -7.8% 43.6 -5.6% -5.4% 79.6 -10.6% -9.7% 37.6 Industry4.5%-0.7%77.624.4%0.6%54.1-3.5%-3.0%75.6-10.1%-8.4%49.1IATA EconomicsJanuary 2010。

你如何对待航空服务中的压力英语作文

你如何对待航空服务中的压力英语作文Dealing with Stress in Airline ServiceWorking in the airline industry can be both rewarding and challenging. As a flight attendant or ground staff, you are responsible for ensuring the safety and comfort of passengers while dealing with various obstacles and pressures that come with the job. From long hours and delayed flights to demanding passengers and unforeseen emergencies, it is important to learn how to cope with stress in order to maintain a positive attitude and provide excellent customer service.One of the key ways to handle stress in the airline service industry is through effective time management. As a flight attendant, you may find yourself working irregular hours, dealing with jet lag, and facing time pressures to meet flight schedules. It is important to prioritize tasks, stay organized, and utilizetime-saving techniques to avoid feeling overwhelmed. Plan your day ahead, break tasks into manageable chunks, and delegate responsibilities when necessary to ensure a smooth operation.Another important aspect of managing stress in airline service is to establish a support system. Whether it is your colleagues, friends, or family members, having a network ofpeople who understand the challenges of your job can provide emotional support and guidance during difficult times. Share your experiences, seek advice, and offer assistance to your fellow team members to create a positive work environment and foster teamwork.Additionally, it is essential to practice self-care and prioritize your well-being in order to cope with stress in the airline service industry. Take breaks, eat healthily, exercise regularly, and get enough rest to rejuvenate your mind and body. Engage in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to reduce anxiety and promote mental clarity. Recognize your limitations, set boundaries, and learn to say no when necessary to avoid burnout and exhaustion.Furthermore, developing effective communication skills can help you manage stress in airline service by fostering positive relationships with passengers and colleagues. Listen actively, show empathy, and remain calm and composed in challenging situations to build trust and rapport with others. Address conflicts or misunderstandings promptly, seek feedback, and communicate openly and honestly to resolve issues and prevent misunderstandings.In conclusion, dealing with stress in the airline service industry requires a combination of time management, support systems, self-care, and effective communication skills. By implementing these strategies, you can improve your resilience, enhance your performance, and deliver exceptional customer service while maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Remember to stay positive, stay focused, and stay connected to thrive in the fast-paced and dynamic world of airline service.。

Global Airline Industry Subject to Pressure

38A ccording to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the COVID-19 virus will lead to a loss of USD 252 billion for the global airline industry, ap-proximately 44% of 2019’s total revenue.Global airline industry sees “darkest time ” IATA issued a warning on March 24 that the COV ID-19 virus may cause the industry’s revenue to drop more than 40% from 2019. An earlier estimate from IATA put the potential loss at USD 113 billion. When the virus first broke out, the estimate was only USD 30 billion. Brian Pearce, IATA chief econ-omist, said that the spike in loss es-timates is mainly due to the national policies of restricting air travel. The air travel restrictions have already affected 98% of the passenger revenue. It is estimated that the European airline capacity will drop by 90%, which may cause the bankruptcy of many airline companies. Meanwhile, Europe’s largestbudget airline Ryanair has suspended all Global Airline Industry Subject to Pressure its flights. European governments are also considering an assistance plan to support the industry. It is predicted that the U.K. will launch a plan soon. IATA top executive Alexandre de Juniac said that if the world govern-ments intend to avoid a wave of bank-ruptcies, they should work quickly on the assistance plan. The airline compa-nies’ close-down will have a big effect on the global economy. Austrian Airlines, which is affiliated with Lufthansa, announced on March 23 that it would suspend all its regular flights until April 19. It now only accepts travel missions entrusted to them by the Austri-an government to evacuate nationals from abroad. The 7,000 staff of the company have been moved to temporary jobs, in order to receive economic assistance from the Austrian government. Italian airlines have been included as part of a national economic assistance plan by the Italian government to fight the repercussions of the COV ID-19 virus, which will be nationalized. Faced with restriction policies and the falling demand for air travel, Air France will also cancel 90% of its flights for 2 months. Belgium’s South Charleroi Air-port closed down between March 24 to April 5. Brussels Airport CEO Faisst said that although passenger numbers have decreased by 90% and flights have dropped by 70%, he is not planning to completely close down the airport. Some flights must be kept, for example, those transporting Belgian citizens back home or delivering medical re-sources or fresh vegetables and fruits. Europe’s largest budget airline company Ryanair has suspended most of its flights to and from other Europe-an countries from midnight on March 24, and has only kept a small number of flights to transport guests back home. Scandinavian Airlines has also canceled most of its f lights and re-cently announced a salary suspension affecting 90% of its staff. Swiss International Airlines has canceled half of its flights and the staff are on a reduced work schedule. The Copyright©博看网 . All Rights Reserved.39company has suspended all flights to It-aly until early April, and reduced flights to and from Israel, Egypt, China and many other countries. The Greek government announced that it would stop airlines flying to and from the U.K. and T urkey until April 15. The airline cutoff would not affect the border entry of Greek nationals or people holding Greek residence certificates. Car-go airlines traveling between Greece and the U.K. and T urkey will not be affected. Besides this, Romanian airlines and Hungarian Wizz Air also sus-pended many of their flights in Europe. Bosnia and Herzegovina will close its Salajevo International Airport. Slova-kia’s three international airports have not stated when they will reopen since they closed down on March 13. Salary cuts, unpaid leave and job cuts have forced the global airline in-dustry into its darkest ever moment. The data from global airline data suppliers OAG and CAPA shows that from March 23, 2020, Europe’s total seat capacity has declined by 59.1% from the previous year. The domestic airline capacity has been reduced by 48.3%, and international airline capacity has dropped by 62.9%. Italy saw the largest drop, with a total of 87.5%. Finland, Spain, Germa-ny, Denmark, Greece and Belgium have seen a decrease of over 70%. Job cuts are also underway. The data shows that among the top 20 Eu-ropean airline groups, 18 companies are cutting jobs. IATA said that the total number of employees of global airline companies amounts to approximately 2.7 million. Each job here creates another 24 job positions related to air travel or tourism (such as jobs in hotels, restau-rants, theme parks and museums). This indicates that globally, there are 65.5 million airline-related job positions. U.S. airline companies are also facing a similar predicament. On March 23, Delta Air Lines CEO Ed Bastian sent a memo to Delta’s employees glob-ally. He said that over 13,000 employees will take unpaid leave on a voluntary basis. He also lowered the revenue guidance, with the Q2 revenue down by 80%, to approximately USD 10 billion. Alexandre de Juniac said that the situation requires swift and tremen-dous actions. The airline industry is an important part of the global economy. Brian Pearce said that airline recov-ery will be much slower this time than after previous epidemics. According to past experience, the industry will begin to see recovery from Q3 this year. However, he also said that even in Q4, the industry revenue will be 10% less than estimates. Bailout policies issued IATA said that it would be impos-sible for the airline industry to weather the virus crisis without an assistance package of USD 150 billion to 200 billion provided by the world’s govern-ments. On March 16, the three global airline alliances co-issued a statement, calling for world governments to take actions and help global airlines cope with these unprecedented challenges. At the present moment, the methods and magnitude of assistance given to the airline industry differ from country to country. The Civil Aviation Adminis-tration of China issued a notice to reduce the airport and air control fee standards for all airline companies. It also promoted 16 policy measures to support the development of the in-dustry. Besides this, the State Council meeting also required stronger support for cargo airlines during the virus prevention period. This was aimed at encouraging cargo transportation and the mergers and acquisitions of cargo transport and logistics companies. The Hong Kong government also worked with the Hong Kong Airport Man-agement Bureau to promote a 1 billion yuan bailout package to help the air-line industry cope with the challenges presented by the COVID-19 virus. It is known that the U.S. stimulus policy will include a USD 50 billion aid package for the airline industry. The White House is enacting the financial assistance plan, which will include direct air , loan and tax reduc-tion for the airline industry. The U.K. financial chancellor said in a letter to the airline companies that the Treasury has no plans to provide assistance using the tax income from taxpayers. Once the airline companies have used all the commercial measures, the government will discuss the final as-sistance plan with every single company. Emirates said it will not lay off employees, but will only keep its cargo transportation services operational. Employees will continue to receive other bonus payments. Air France and Airbus will receive a loan supported by the French government. India is con-sidering a USD 1.6 billion assistance plan for the airline industry. The Nor wegian government launched an economic rescue pack-age of NOK 6.5 billion on March 13 and will temporarily cancel all taxes and fees for the airline industry. The Australian government has said it will return or exempt some fees for airline companies, including the AUD 715 million domestic air traffic control fee and the AUD 159 million advanced payment. Russia announced a series of measures on March 16, allowing the tourism and airline industries to delay the payment of taxes. The New Zea-land government issued a NZD 12.1 billion (approximately USD 7.3 billion) economic assistance package on March 17, which includes measures to support the airline industry. The Swedish gov-ernment has offered a SEK 5 billion loan guarantee for the airline industry. IATA said that the good news is that the Chinese domestic airline industry is seeing recovery. Alexandre de Juniac said that passenger numbers are going up and things are becoming better, but relatively slowly. It is known that China’s domestic flights have started to recover, and sec-ond-tier city flights have increased to 80% of the previous level. However, the number of first-tier city fights has fallen sharply, and we still need to wait for this business to recover. Shenwan Hongyuan Securities stated that the mergers and acquisitions of airline companies have stirred up the mar-ket. It is hard for the mergers and acquisi-tions to be completed within a short period of time, and as such, airline companies will turn to the government for support under this huge pressures. The China Business Aviation Group chairman Liao Xuefeng said that in order for the industry to rescue itself, the first measure is to encourage air travel by offering cheap ticket pric-es, and get travel back to normal. The national government should do more to develop tourism and stimulate travel.Copyright©博看网 . All Rights Reserved.。