四级必读英语阅读12篇_中英文

A) to make some sounding experiments in t sample of sea plants and animals
C) to estimate the length of cable that was needed
Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
海洋学在此后几年内发展起来。１８７２年，汤姆森（Thomson），带头进行了一项科学考察，历时４年，从海洋带回了数以千计的标本。科学家们花了数年时间将它们分类并进行分析，写出了一个长达五卷的报告，其中最后一卷于１８９５年出版。
１、 从欧洲到美洲铺设电报缆线的提议使得海洋学研究是从_______出发的
Passage 1 (The original text translating )
海洋学的定义是“庆用所有的科学来研究海洋”
１９世纪以前，极少有科学家对研究海洋感兴趣，当然，牛顿在他的作品中对海洋做了一些理论方面的探讨，但他并不情愿自己去海边作进一步的研究。
对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期穿越洲际的旅行家们以及依靠海洋维持生计的人，几乎找不出理由要提出关于海洋的问题，更不会问海洋表面下还有些什么东西。人们第一次必须回答“海洋底部是什么？”（１）这个问题是有商业上的后果的，当时有人提议要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的电报缆线。工程师们必须了解路线的纵深起伏形状，才可以估计需要制造多长的电缆。
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
For very course that the follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work , but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating his to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
C) those who earned a living from the sea
D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
3、 The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________
D) to measure the depths of the two oceans
4、”Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________”
A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to
Passage 1
Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.
（２）由于美国海军的莫里（Maury），大西洋电报公司才在１８５３年得到了这方面的信息。１９世纪４０年代，（３）莫里负责推动进行测探工作的海上航行，以此来调查北大西洋与太平洋的深度。此后，他出了一本叫做《海洋的自然地貌》的书，在这本书里他提到的一些发现激起了人们很大的兴趣。
人们铺设了电缆，但直到１８６６年，才有了固定而且可靠的连接。在早期的努力中，电缆坏了，而当它被拉出来维修时，人们发现其表面覆盖着（４）活的生物。这一事实挑战了当时的一种科学观点，即海洋较深层是不存在生命的。
Ａ）在海上进行测探实验 Ｂ）收集海洋动植物的标本
Ｃ）估测所需电缆的长度 Ｄ）测量两个海洋的深度
４、 第五段的“ field ”一词可能的意思是___________
Ａ）置疑 Ｂ）证明 Ｃ）挑战 Ｄ）同意
５、 这一段文章主要是关于____________
Ａ）海洋学的起步 Ｂ）第一条海底电缆的铺设
C) a business aspect D) an international aspect
2、 It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.
A) the American Navy B) some early intercontinental travelers
Ａ）学术角度 Ｂ）军事角度 Ｃ）商业角度 Ｄ）国际角度
２、 向莫里要求得到海洋学研究方面帮助的是____________
Ａ）美国海军 Ｂ）一些早期的穿越大洲的旅行家
Ｃ）依靠海洋维持生计的人 Ｄ）提议铺设一条海底电缆的公司
３、 １９世纪４０年代，莫里负责的海上航行的目的是要____________
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.