China to launch more stimulus investment in Q2
中国的发展和改革英文演讲稿范文
中国的发展和改革英文演讲稿范文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1China's Amazing ChangesHi everyone! My name is Li Ming and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about the incredible changes and progress that have happened in my country, China, over the past few decades. It's a story of reform, growth, and development that has transformed China into a major world power.When my grandparents were young in the 1970s, China was a very poor and undeveloped country. Most people lived in rural villages and worked as farmers. They didn't have much money, nice homes, cars or modern technologies like we have today. Life was pretty hard and basic back then.But everything started changing in 1978 when China's leaders decided to start economic reforms and open up to the world. Their goal was to develop a "socialist market economy" that combined free market policies with socialist principles. It was a huge transformation after decades of being a closed, centrally-planned economy.The reforms allowed people to start their own businesses and be entrepreneurial. They opened up trade with other countries. They implemented policies to attract foreign investment from companies around the world who wanted to set up factories and operations in China. Entire new sectors like manufacturing, technology and services were developed and grew rapidly.Shenzhen, the city near Hong Kong, was made into China's first Special Economic Zone in 1980. It transformed from a tiny fishing village into a booming modern metropolis full of skyscrapers, factories, and global companies. Other cities across China's coastline followed, industrializing at a breakneck pace. Millions of people moved from rural areas to the cities for new jobs in construction, factories, and offices.My grandparents witnessed this unbelievable economic growth and change first-hand. When they were little, there was basically no private property, entrepreneurship or market economy at all. But by the time I was born, China had hundreds of billionaires, huge corporations, bustling cities, and one of the biggest and fastest growing economies on the planet.Today, China's economy is the second largest in the world after the United States. Companies from all over the globe haveinvested over a trillion dollars here. We are leaders in industries like electronics manufacturing, renewable energy, artificial intelligence, e-commerce and more. Our big cities like Shanghai and Beijing are just as modern, high-tech and bustling as cities in Europe, America or Japan.This economic progress has helped raise over 800 million Chinese people out of poverty over the past few decades. That's more people being lifted out of poverty than anywhere else in history! My grandparents grew up in small countryside villages without electricity or running water. But today, my parents and I live in a 3-bedroom apartment in a city high-rise building. We have air conditioning, high-speed internet, nice furniture and appliances. I get an excellent education and healthcare that my grandparents could never have dreamed of.As we continue developing our economy and society, we want China to contribute more to the world too. We've already worked hard to reduce poverty abroad through foreign aid and big international projects like the Belt and Road Initiative. Our companies are leaders in areas like mobile payments, high-speed rail, renewable energy and more that can help other developing nations. And we are working on technological breakthroughsthat could transform fields like genetics, AI, quantum computing and space exploration for the benefit of all humanity.So while China's reform and opening up was initially about developing our own economy, we want the next phase to be about contributing even more to global peace, innovation and human progress. It's an exciting vision for the future of my country!In just my grandparents' lifetime, China has gone from a poor, undeveloped nation to the second biggest economy in the world. Hundreds of millions of people have achieved a modern, middle-class lifestyle that was unimaginable just a few decades ago. It's been an absolutely remarkable transformation and I'm so proud of how far we've come. Thank you!篇2China's Amazing Growth and ChangesHello everyone! My name is Lily and I'm going to talk to you today about the incredible development and reforms that have happened in China over the past few decades. It's a really fascinating story of how my country has transformed itself into a modern, powerful nation.To start, I want to go back to the late 1970s when China was very poor and undeveloped compared to most other countries. The economy was struggling, there wasn't much trade or business happening, and most people lived very simple lives as farmers or factory workers. But the leaders of China at that time realized big changes were needed for the country to progress.An篇3China's Great Journey of Development and ReformHello everyone! My name is Li Ming and I'm a 5th grade student here at Sunshine Elementary School in Beijing. Today,I'm going to talk to you about the amazing development and reforms that have taken place in my home country of China over the past few decades. Get ready to be inspired!When my grandparents were young back in the 1970s, China was a very different place. Most people lived in the countryside and worked on farms or in factories. They didn't have much money or many modern conveniences that we take for granted today like refrigerators, washing machines, TVs or cars. Life was quite hard and things like food and clothing were rationed.But then in 1978, a really smart leader named Deng Xiaoping started implementing some big changes that would transform China into the rapidly developing nation it is today. These changes were called "Reform and Opening Up" and they opened up China to foreign trade and investment after being closed off for a long time. They also gave people more economic freedoms to start their own businesses instead of just working for the government.At first, the reforms focused on agriculture. Farmers were allowed to sell their crops for profit after meeting government quotas instead of just turning everything over to the state. This gave them much more incentive to work hard and be productive. As a result, farm outputs went way up and rural poverty declined a lot.The reforms then spread to industry and cities. State-run companies were made more efficient and competitive. Entrepreneurs could start their own private businesses. Foreign companies were allowed to invest in China and set up operations there. This created a huge economic boom with new factories, companies and jobs being created all over China.As the economy grew rapidly, Chinese cities completely transformed with modern skylines of skyscrapers and newhousing, roads, railways, airports and other infrastructure being built everywhere you look. Hundreds of millions of people moved from the countryside to urban areas for work, making China one of the most urbanized countries in the world.China's meteoric economic rise really is mind-boggling. Since the reforms started, over 800 million people have been lifted out of poverty - that's more than the entire population of Europe! Living standards have improved dramatically too. Whereas my grandparents lived in small homes with just a few rooms and possessions, these days even ordinary Chinese families often have their own car, smartphone, TV, washing machine and other modern gadgets at home.At the same time, we work hard to preserve our rich cultural heritage of arts, food, traditions and values like emphasis on education and family while also embracing the new. I feel very lucky to be growing up during these exciting times! While big challenges remain like protecting the environment, I'm confident China will keep developing in a smart and sustainable way.None of this incredible progress could have happened without the bold vision and determination of our leaders and people to reform, open up and develop over the past few decades. The positive impacts have been transformative andwidespread, with China going from a poor, largely closed-off nation to the world's second largest economy and an increasingly influential force on the global stage.I hope that sharing my perspective has helped give you a sense of the profound changes my country has undergone within the span of just one or two generations. While rapid development on this immense scale has not been without growing pains, I believe the reforms and China's re-emergence as a major world power have been incredibly positive overall. Who knows what great achievements lie ahead as China continues on this journey!Thank you all for listening. I'll leave you with one of my favorite quotes from Deng Xiaoping that I think captures the undaunting spirit of China's transformation: "Development is the only hard truth." Please let me know if you have any other questions!篇4China's Amazing Growth and ChangesHi everyone! My name is Lily and I'm a 5th grader. Today I want to talk to you about the incredible development and reforms that have happened in China over the past few decades.It's a pretty big topic, but I'll do my best to explain it in a way that makes sense.Let's start at the very beginning. A long time ago, before most of our parents and grandparents were even born, China was a very poor country. Most people lived in rural areas and worked on farms. Everyday life was really hard, with not much food, poor medical care, and hardly any modern technology.But in 1978, everything started to change. China's leaders at the time realized the country needed major reforms to boost the economy and improve living standards. They introduced a bunch of new policies to "reform and open up" the nation. This marked the start of some amazing transformations!One of the biggest changes was allowing people to own and run their own businesses for the first time in decades. Farmers could sell crops for profit instead of turning everything over to the government. New factories and companies started popping up everywhere, creating millions of jobs.Things really took off in the 1990s and 2000s. Coastal cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen turned into modern megacities with soaring skyscrapers and thriving businesses. Huge investments were made in infrastructure like highways, railways, airports andports to connect different regions. More and more rural residents moved to the cities for work.Meanwhile, hundreds of millions of people were lifted out of poverty. Living standards improved dramatically as incomes rose and consumer goods became affordable. China rapidly urbanized and became a global manufacturing powerhouse.On the global stage, China went from a poor, isolated nation to the world's second largest economy and a major trader. It launched its first astronauts into space, built the largesthigh-speed rail network, and undertook massive projects like the Three Gorges Dam and Beijing's amazing Olympics venues.Chinese companies like Alibaba, Tencent and Huawei became world-leaders in e-commerce, gaming and telecommunications. Millions of students now study abroad each year. And China's space program and other sciences are making incredible advances.There's no question that reforms transformed China into a modern, globally influential superpower. It wasn't always a smooth road and many obstacles remain. But the progress over the past few decades has been simply mind-blowing.Just think - when my grandparents were young, most Chinese people struggled to meet basic needs. Today, China has the world's second highest number of billionaires and landmarks like the Shanghai Tower that soar over 2,000 feet tall!Who knows what the future will hold? China aims to become a global innovation leader and develop its own top technologies. There are plans for new infrastructure and regional development in the west. And the country is taking steps toward a more sustainable economy driven by services and consumption.No matter what, I feel so fortunate to grow up in this era of China's re-emergence as a major world player. The pace of change has been mind-boggling, totally transforming how we live, work and see the world. I can't wait to see what other amazing accomplishments and innovations are in store!Thank you all for listening. I hope you found my speech interesting and learned something new about the reforms that helped turn China into the powerful, modern nation it is today. Let's give another round of applause to the hard work, perseverance and vision that made this possible!篇5China's Amazing ChangesHi everyone! My name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about the amazing changes that have happened in my country, China, over the past few decades.When my grandparents were young in the 1960s and 1970s, China was a very poor country. Most people lived in the countryside and worked as farmers. They didn't have a lot of money, food, or nice homes. My grandma didn't even have electricity or running water when she was a little girl!But then in 1978, a really smart leader named Deng Xiaoping started making big changes to help China develop and become stronger. He introduced special economic zones in coastal cities where foreign companies could invest and set up factories. This brought jobs and money to those areas.Deng also allowed people to own businesses and make profits. Before that, pretty much everything was owned by the government. My dad's uncle started a little restaurant in the 1980s and it did really well! Slowly, more and more people moved from the countryside to the booming cities to find better jobs.As places like Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen grew, China started making and exporting loads of products like clothes, toys, and electronics. We became known as "the world's factory."Companies from the United States, Japan, and Europe all wanted to manufacture their goods in China because labor was cheap and efficient.With more money coming in, the Chinese government invested in building new highways, railways, airports, and other infrastructure all over the country. They wanted to connect the developing cities to the rural areas and help spread money and opportunity everywhere.China also put a huge focus on education. My grandparents didn't get much schooling, but my parents went to university. Now over 95% of kids finish high school! The government wants us to study hard so we can become doctors, engineers, scientists and help make China even stronger in the future.There are also a lot more people living in a smaller area, so housing prices have gone way up, especially in big cities like Shanghai. My dad says he'll never be able to afford an apartment there! But overall, most Chinese people's lives have improved tremendously over the past 40 years.Thanks to the economic reforms, millions and millions of people have been lifted out of poverty. Families like mine have so many more opportunities and freedoms compared to back in my grandparents' days. China has gone from being one of thepoorest countries in the world to having the second largest economy on the planet!We've built amazing infrastructure like the world's fastest trains and biggest airports. Chinese companies like Alibaba, Tencent, and Huawei are innovating brilliant new technologies. Our global influence keeps rising in everything from business to culture and diplomacy.After being closed off for so long, China has re-emerged as a major world power. Some other countries see this as a threat, but I think it's great that we Chinese people can finally take pride in our nation's achievements after so many centuries of struggle and hardship.Thank you all for listening! I'll do my best to help make my country even stronger and more prosperous when I grow up. China's revival is truly an inspiring story for the whole world.篇6China's Amazing Growth and ChangesHi everyone! My name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about the incredible development andreforms that have happened in my country, China, over the past few decades. It's a pretty amazing story!To start, let me take you back to the late 1970s. At that time, China was a very poor country where most people lived in the countryside and worked as farmers. There wasn't much industry or modern technology. Many people didn't have enough food to eat or clothes to wear. The economy was struggling.But then China's leaders decided to start making some big changes through a program of "reform and opening up." The goal was to transition toward a more modern, market-based economy while still keeping China's socialist system. This would open up new opportunities for development and growth.One of the first major reforms was to give farmers more control over their land and let them earn money by selling crops after meeting government quotas. This was a huge deal because it gave people more incentives to work hard and be productive. Farm outputs and incomes went way up as a result.At the same time, China started allowing private businesses to operate and encouraging foreign investment. Special economic zones were created where companies could take advantage of tax breaks and easier regulations. Shenzhen, whichused to be a small fishing village, became one of the first and most successful zones.As businesses invested in China, factories opened up to manufacture goods like clothes, toys, and electronics for export. This created a huge number of new jobs, especially for rural workers who could now move to the cities for work. Urban areas expanded rapidly to accommodate all the growth.But over time, the reforms kept accelerating change. More industries opened up beyond basic manufacturing, including services, finance, and technology. China became a top trading partner for many countries by making competitive, lower-cost products.Modern amenities and living standards improved for average people too. Incomes rose sharply, allowing families to buy homes, cars, smartphones and other consumer goods. High-speed rail lines were built to crisscross the country. Glitzy new skylines popped up in bustling cities like Shanghai.Today, China has the second largest economy in the world! What was once an impoverished nation has emerged as a major power and key driver of global trade. Around 850 million people have risen out of poverty through the reforms - one of the greatest successes in human history.At the same time, the reforms are very much still ongoing. China continues transitioning to become more innovation-driven and focused on higher-value industries like renewable energy, computer chips, and electric vehicles. It's a technological powerhouse in areas like mobile payments, e-commerce, and high-speed rail.There's also a bigger emphasis now on sustainability and going green. China leads globally in installed solar and wind power capacity. Challenges like pollution and income inequality still need work, but progress is happening on environmental policies and social programs.Reforms have touched all parts of society, not just the economy. There have been efforts to open up personal freedoms, travel, internet access, and cultural influences from abroad. Education opportunities have expanded tremendously too.When I look around at China's modern cities, technology, and opportunities today versus in my parents' and grandparents' era, it's hard to believe they're even the same place! Just getting to travel, have toys and electronics, and imagine any future career is something previous generations couldn't do.While there are still many challenges ahead, I'm proud of how far China has come. I can't wait to see what incredible thingsawait for my country and our world in the decades to come. With determination and hard work, the sky's the limit for the continuing reform and growth of China!。
14 新发明与创造-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读
2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-新发明与创造题型主要内容1完形填空讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。
这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。
越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。
2阅读理解介绍久坐对身体有害，因此两条腿的椅子被发明出来，为了鼓励人们改变不好的习惯。
3阅读理解介绍了一种名叫TTTV的电视，这个机器包括屏幕和盛调料的容器，人们可以通过舔屏幕而尝到来自世界各地食物的味道。
4阅读理解介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦，挖掘中医宝藏，发现青蒿素的过程。
青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生病。
5短文填空讲述了清华大学学生柳济琛开发了一个叫做“光盘打卡”微信小程序，来帮助减少粮食浪费。
01（2022·全国·九年级课时练习）In ancient times,the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world.In recent years,China once again has____1____its ability to change the world with its“four great new inventions”:high-speed railways,mobile payment,bike-sharing and online shopping.Do you know____2____the new inventions can appear in China?The“four great new inventions”are____3____related to China’s high-tech innovation(创新).For example,the operating mode of bike-sharing is based____4____the satellite navigation system(卫星导航系统),mobile payment,big data and other high technologies.This shows that China’s high-tech innovation has greatly____5____the quality of people’s lives.China has entered a new innovative era,thanks to the large amount of____6____that China has spent encouraging innovation.China is beginning to____7____in innovation in some ways.“The‘four great new inventions’have surely improved customer experience,and helped national and global(全球的)economy____8____at the same time,”said Charlie Dai,principal analyst(首席分析师)of an American market research company.As a whole,all the Chinese are____9____of their four new inventions.It is increasingly clear thatChina is innovating and no longer copying western ideas.More and more foreigners____10____to promote(促进)economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation. 1．A．seemed B．appeared C．looked D．showed2．A．when B．what C．why D．where3．A．all B．both C．neither D．none4．A．in B．on C．to D．from 5．A．improved B．finished C．invented D．wasted 6．A．people B．water C．electricity D．money7．A．try B．lead C．win D．value 8．A．develop B．warn C．mean D．live9．A．proud B．tired C．bored D．satisfied 10．A．afford B．repeat C．hope D．wait02（2022·江西九江·二模）Sitting for longer than four hours a day increases a person’s chance of suffering（患）illness.Benoit Maltaone,a designer（设计者）from France,discovered that office workers spent about70 percent of the day sitting down.To solve the problem caused by it in modern working life,he came up with a great idea—the two-legged chair,which is to encourage the user to move at his or her desk.The chair just has two legs and needs the user to balance（平衡）it.Although it looks dangerous,it can stop people from felling while using it.But the chair is a little uncomfortable,as the user has to keep it balanced.It is also good for other parts of the body,just like an exercise ball（姿势）._________Most people don’t get much exercise during the day.People watch a lot of TV and work on computers.Many people suffer from spine（脊椎）panies are coming up with new products in our houses to make our lives easier.But trying to offer people an easier life causes lots of health problems.According to Benoit,the design is not about making money in the furniture（家具）market.It is to provide a product which tries to encourage people to move their whole body.The practice of this special chair can make people change their bad habits.It will encourage people to try to be more active. 11．What does the underlined word“it”refer to?A．The two-legged chair.B．Moving at his or her desk.C．Sitting for too long.D．The great idea.12．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank“________”in Paragraph4.A．Sitting long is so common now.B．Doing sports is so popular now.C．Working environment is so hard now.D．Keeping healthy is so cool now.13．What’s the purpose of this passage?A．To tell people how to keep away from sitting too long.B．To tell people how to stay away from health problems.C．To explain why people suffer from illness now.D．To show a two-legged chair designed to make people healthier.03（2022·浙江·松阳县教育局教研室一模）There are many TV cook shows where you wish you could reach through your screen and taste the delicious recipes yourself.Now,Japanese scientists have taken a huge step towards making that a reality,with the development of a lickable TV screen.The device is called Taste the TV(TTTV)and contains10taste cans that can spray taste samples onto the surface of the screen.The different tastes in the cans can then mix to create tastes similar to those being shown on screen,for example,coffee or pizza.It is an experimental technology,produced by Meiji University in Tokyo,Japan,with its developers expecting a commercial version to cost about£650.Japanese professor Miyashita and30students have developed all kinds of taste types.In his version the10taste cans spray a mixture of samples on to a roll of hygienic(卫生的)film that is placed over a flat TV-screen.“During the COVID-19,this kind of technology can improve the way people connect andcommunicate with the outside world,”said Miyashita.“The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world,even while at home,”he said.Miyashita has also been in talks with companies about using his spray technology for applications like a device that can apply a pizza or chocolate taste to a piece of toasted bread.14．The passage tells us the invention of_________.A．tasty cans B．TV cook showsC．a film technology D．a lickable TV screen15．Paragraph3talks about_________.A．what the device includes B．how the device worksC．what the device is called D．why the device is invented16．The writer uses what Miyashita says to express the_________of the invention.A．ways B．purpose C．conditions D．importance17．From the passage,we know that the device is_________.A．widely used now B．popular with the JapaneseC．still in experiment D．liked by restaurant owners04（2022·湖北·武汉外国语学校（武汉实验外国语学校）模拟预测）Malaria(疟疾)has been a deadly problem for humans since ancient ually,people get malaria when infected mosquitoes bite them. Countless people have died from it.Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found an effective drug called qinghaosu (青蒿素).This year marks the50th anniversary of Tu’s discovery.In1969,Tu became the director of a national project to develop a drug against malaria.Her team took a unique approach.They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine.After reading more than2,000old remedies(药方),Tu and her team collected over600plants and listed almost380possible remedies for malaria.One remedy,which is1,600years old,uses the sweet wormwood(青蒿)plant to treat malaria.Tu found it effective and tried to extract(提取)the qinghaosu from it in order to make drugs.The extraction failed at first,so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way.She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in1972.After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys,Tu and two of her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves before testing on human patients.It turned out that qinghaosu was safe.All patients in the tests recovered.Gradually,qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO),saving millions of lives in China and other countries throughout the world.In2015,when Tu was awarded with the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine,she refused to take all of the credit(荣誉).Instead,she praised her colleagues and Chinese traditional medicine.She once proudly said,“Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”18．According to the passage,to find an effective drug called qinghaosu is________. A．impossible B．uneasy C．unexpected D．complicated19．What do we know about the“qinghaosu”?A．It is extracted from the sweet wormwood plant at room-temperature.B．TuYouyou and her team spent three years finding it out.C．Tu and all her teammates volunteered to test it on themselves.D．It has saved millions of lives around the world.20．The underlined word“approach”in paragraph2probably means________.A．idea B．way C．discussion D．drug21．We can find that Tu Youyou________.A．took all the credit by herself B．did a lot and never gave upC．succeeded in curing malaria by accident D．won the Nobel Prize shortly after the success 22．We can infer that the writer’s writing purpose is to________.A．praise traditional solution in China B．encourage young people to learn medicine C．show how the qinghaosu treats malaria D．make Chinese old remedies more popular05Liu Jichen,a student from Tsinghua University,has developed a WeChat mini-program called“Clear Plate”.___23___a meal,users can open the mini-program and take a photo of their___24___plates.Once the image is checked by the AI,users can collect points and use them to buy gifts or meals for children in poor___25___.“Technology is a good way to___26___the problem of food waste,”Liu thought.He organised ateam of twenty members to work on the project.In order to improve the mini-program,the team___27___ half a year collecting over100,000photos in school dining halls and restaurants.In2018,the mini-program was put into use.Soon,it became one of___28___most popular mini-programs in universities across China.Meanwhile,Liu and his team,together___29___other organizations,started the“Clear Your Plate”campaign in November in the third year of his university.Almost1.6million college students were attracted and food waste was___30___by862tons.“Through the campaign,we hope to encourage ___31___to take action against food waste,”he said.Thanks to his great efforts,Liu stood out_____32_____more than7,600people around the world and was rewarded one of the Young Leaders for the SDGs（可持续发展目标）by the UN.参考答案：1．D2．C3．A4．B5．A6．D7．B8．A9．A10．C【导语】本文主要讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。
Convergence_over_AI
58CHINA TODAYConvergenceover AIGovernanceAmid DifferencesAs the EU passes the first AI law, the U.S. grappleswith bipartisanship, and China proactively advancesthe issue-based approach and advocates the GlobalAI Governance Initiative, will AI become “a force forgood, ensuring safety, and promoting fairness”?to pay close attention to the trend of AI technology, play its role within the UN framework, strengthen regional, global, bilateral and multilateral coordina-tion mechanisms, enhance participation and voice in international affairs, and promote global AI governance.China actively advocates ethical norms, laws and regulations that are universally recognized by the international community, and contributes Chinese wisdom to the formulation of global standards. According to the Ministry of Industry and Informa-tion Technology, China is actively promoting the construction of a more flexible, inclusive, and rapid-response governance mechanism, establishing plat-forms for AI ethics assessment and data collection, and promoting the standard setting for the ethical application of AI. In addition, the Belt and Road Ini-tiative (BRI) can also benefit AI global governance by promoting cooperation among participating countries, especially developing countries, and hence promote the balanced and equitable develop-ment of AI around the world.The key to industrial development lies in talents. Strengthening talent training will help upgrade AI and improve global AI governance. China can estab-lish and improve the transnational talent training system and promote the integration and transfor-mation of industrial chains, talent chains and value chains by building an international cooperation and exchange platform led by the government and with the participation of multiple social forces such as universities, enterprises and think tanks. For this purpose, China and the EU held the first Sino-EU Youth Artificial Intelligence Competition, and China and Russia held seminars to discuss AI talent train-ing and technology development.Today, global AI governance is still in the explor-atory stage, and the complex nature and uncertainty of technology require global collaboration. Guided by the idea of building a community with a shared future for mankind, countries in the world will be able to jointly address technological, ethical, and security challenges, ensure the healthy development of technology, and safeguard the common interests of mankind. CYI DI is a research fellow and deputy secretary general of Taihe Institute.59April 2024By THORSTEN JELINEKTHIS year marks a significant year for estab-lishing guardrails around artificial intel-ligence (AI), with major regions like the EU, the U.S., and China converging over a risk-based regulatory approach, albeit with distinct dif-ferences. This trend reflects a broader trend towards digital sovereignty, with governments seeking in-creased control over their digital markets and tech-nologies to ensure safety and security, while aiming to boost their AI competitiveness. The pursuit of digital sovereignty, while both necessary and legiti-mate, carries the risk of erecting new barriers. This requires global efforts to strike a balance between maintaining control and fostering collaboration and openness.From a regulatory standpoint, the EU is at the forefront with its AI Act, which was confirmed by the European Parliament in March 2024, marking it as the first globally comprehensive AI legislation. The Act establishes a four-tiered risk frameworkthat prohibits certain AI applications, enforces strict regulations and conformity assessments for high-risk uses, mandates transparency for limited-risk applications, and suggests guidelines for non-risky applications. Stringent obligations only apply to generative AI if categorized as a high-risk appli-cation. The Act exempts open-source models un-less they are deployed in high-risk contexts. A new oversight mechanism is established, including two EU-level institutions: the AI Office and the AI Board, which are tasked with ensuring compliance and fa-cilitating the development of codes of practice, yet without directly overstepping national supervisory authorities of the member states, which still need to be established.While the Act is a landmark achievement, it re-mains controversial as internal critiques argue that this could stifle innovation and competition, others argue that strong guardrails spur innovation as they provide not only safety and security but also legal certainty. Besides, most applications are expected to be in the lowest category and will not face any mandatory obligations. However, the Act’s extra-territoriality clause, which means that the Act will govern both AI systems operating in the EU as well as foreign systems whose output enters the EU mar-ket, could cause frictions especially with the U.S. as it is perceived as protectionist. This is the flipside of all new guardrails as represented by the EU’s com-prehensive landscape of privacy, cybersecurity, and digital markets regulations.The United States, in contrast has taken a different approach. Rather than enacting a com-prehensive, national law, the U.S. government promulgated a Presidential Executive Order on AI on October 30, 2023, encompassing a broad array of guidelines, recommendations, and specific ac-tions. This strategy aligns with the U.S. precedent of not having federal laws in other pivotal areas like digital governance, including cybersecurity and privacy protection. Despite growing recogni-tion of the need for a more comprehensive risk-based approach, bipartisan support in these ar-eas remains elusive. While the absence of federal legislation introduces legal uncertainty, it also al-lows for flexibility and an issue-focused approach to AI safety and security, notably for high-riskVisitors take photos of the Ameca Robot, from Etisalat And, during the Mobile World Congress 2024 in Barcelona, Spain, on February 26, 2024. The mobile phone industry is looking to AI to reverse declin-ing sales.applications such as dual-use foundation models. The Executive Order is not only a set of targeted restrictions with sectoral policies, like in transpor-tation and healthcare, but also about fostering AI talent, education, research, and innovation and thus enhancing the U.S.’s competitiveness. The competitive dimension is not part of the EU AI Act. Some argue that this is symptomatic for the EU’sregulatory focus and the U.S.’s liability-oriented and competition-driven approach. Nevertheless, security concerns are paramount, as evidenced by proposed mandates requiring U.S. cloud companies to vet and potentially limit foreign access to AI training data centers or with provisions ensuring government ac-cess to AI training and safety data. This strategy un-derscores a deliberate effort to protect U.S. interests amidst the dynamic AI domain and intense compe-tition with China for global AI dominance. The U.S. strategy faces a significant drawback – the lack of legislative permanence. This precariousness means the new presidential election could easily revoke the Biden-Harris administration’s executive order, undermining its stability and long-term impact. China is the next major country that will most likely promulgate a dedicated artificial intelligence law by 2025, a path that was already signaled in the government’s New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan from 2017. The plan proposed the initial establishment of AI laws and regulations, ethical norms, and policy systems, forming AI se-curity assessment and control capabilities by 2025, and a more complete system of laws, regulations, ethics, and policies on AI by 2030. The 2030 objec-tive indicates that AI governance is an ongoing pur-suit. For now, the Chinese government follows an issue-focused approach regulating specific aspects of AI that are deemed most urgent. It’s a centralized approach that successively introduces a regulatory framework of provisions, interim measures and requirements designed to balance innovation and competitiveness with social stability and security. On the regulatory side, over the past three years, China’s Cyberspace Administration and other de-partments have issued three key regulations explic-itly to guide AI development and use, including the Internet Information Service Algorithm Recommen-dation Management Regulations passed in 2021; theSummit concluded at Bletchley Park, U.K. on November 1, 2023. The Bletchley Declaration, the world's first international statement on the rapidly emerging technology of AI, was signed by 28 countries including China, the U.S., and the EU, stressing the need to address the potential risks posed by AI. It calls for and advocates a people-centered approach, and hopes that AI research institutions and companies will design, develop, and use AI in a responsible manner.60CHINA TODAYProvisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet-Based Information Services issued in 2022; and the “Interim Measures for the Manage-ment of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services in 2023. The legal discourse in China not only covers ethics, safety, and security, but also issues concern-ing AI liability, intellectual property, and commercial rights. These areas have ignited significant debate,especially in relation to China’s Civil Code in 2021, a pivotal legislation aimed at substantially enhancing the protection of a wide range of individual rights. Importantly, China’s legislators use public consulta-tions and feedback mechanisms to find a suitable balance between safety and innovation. A case in point is the current consultation on the Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (draft for feedback) issued in October 2023. On the latter side, to boost AI innovation and com-petitiveness, the government has approved more than 40 AI models for public use since November 2023, including the large models from tech giants such as Baidu, Alibaba, and Bytedance.In parallel to those national measures, there has been a significant effort for forging AI collaboration on an international and multilateral level, given that no country or region alone can address the disrup-tions brought about by application of advanced and widespread AI in the future. There are various frameworks that promote responsible AI, including the first global yet non-binding agreement on AI ethics – the Recommendation on the Ethics of Arti-ficial Intelligence that was adopted by 193 UNESCO member countries in 2021. Also, for the first time AI safety was addressed by the UN Security Coun-cil in July 2023. Most recently, the United Nations Secretary-General’s AI Advisory Body released their Interim Report: Governing AI for Humanity. Its final version will be presented at the UN’s Summit of the Future in September 2024. High-level consensus was also reached on the level of the G20, which rep-resents around 85 percent of global GDP, supporting the “principles for responsible stewardship of trust-worthy AI,” which were drawn from the OECD AI principles and recommendations. Another signifi-cant step forward to bridge the divide between the Western world and the Global South was achieved during the U.K. AI Safety Summit. For the first time, collaborationThere has beena significanteffort for forg-ing AI collabo-ration on aninternationaland multilat-eral level, giventhat no countryor region alonecan addressthe disruptionsbrought aboutby applicationof advancedand wide-spread AI in thefuture.in November 2023, the EU, U.S., and China and othercountries jointly signed the Bletchley Declaration,pledging to collectively manage the risk from AI.Adding to this positive momentum, we have seenan AI dialogue initiated between China and the EUand China and the United States.Despite such advancements, the lack of inter-national collaboration remains, particularly withcountries in the Global South. The exclusivity ofthe Global North is evident in initiatives like theG7’s Hiroshima AI Process Comprehensive PolicyFramework and the Council of Europe's efforts,which led to the agreement on the first interna-tional treaty on AI in March 2024. This conven-tion, awaiting adoption by its 46 member coun-tries, marks a significant step as it encompassesgovernment and private sector cooperation,but predominantly promotes Western values.In response to the notable lack of internationalcollaboration with the Global South, China hasstepped up its efforts by unveiling the GlobalAI Governance Initiative during the Third Beltand Road Forum for International Cooperationheld in Beijing in October 2023. This move aimsto promote a more inclusive global discourseon AI governance. At the annual “Two Sessions”of China’s top legislature and political advisorybody in March 2024, Foreign Minister Wang Yihighlighted the significance of this initiative,underlining its three core principles: viewing AIas a force for good, ensuring safety, and promot-ing fairness. Amidst various major internationalinitiatives and frameworks, it is essential toestablish and nurture communication chan-nels among these different international efforts.Those channels must aim to bridge differencesand gradually reduce them over time. Develop-ing governance interoperability frameworkscould serve as a practical approach to addressthese differences. CDR. THORSTEN JELINEK is the Europe director and seniorfellow of Taihe Institute. An active participant in several mul-tilateral institutions, including UNIDO, OECD, G20/T20, andITU, Dr. Jelinek holds visiting scholar positions at the HertieSchool's Centre for Digital Governance and University of Cam-bridge’s Department of Sociology. He also formerly worked asan associate director at the World Economic Forum.61April 2024。
Seeking_More_Cooperation_with_China
and Europe. If the EU claims Chinese subsidies breach WTO rules, it is being someone who lives in a glass house throws stones, he said. CooperationThe EV industry should be an area for mutually beneficial cooperation between China and the EU instead of being a test track for European protec-tionism.The long industrial chain and high level of global-ization in the auto industry have shaped the close interconnection and interdependence between China and Europe. The European Commission said China’s share of EVs sold in Europe had risen to 8 percent and could reach 15 percent in 2025. On this trajectory, EVs could become a pillar of China-EU trade in the years to come. Decoupling is in itself the biggest risk, and can only be averted by building closer economic ties.Chinese imports can help improve the EV supply structure in the European market, where entry-level models are scant. With technological strength and competitive prices, Chinese EVs add diversity to the European market and provide more options to Eu-ropean consumers. They are, therefore, a real boon to both individual car buyers and the EU’s green transition drive.China is also a market that Europe cannot take lightly. It is the largest foreign market for many Eu-ropean car makers and a hot destination of their investments, receiving record sums over the past years. According to the Financial Times, the com-bined share of foreign auto makers, led by those from Germany, Japan, and the U.S., stands at half ofthe Chinese market. And European direct invest-ment in China’s auto industry hit a record high of 6.2 billion euros in 2022, according to Rhodium, a U.S. research group.Competitiveness is gained through competition rather than isolation or protectionism. All that can be expected from the EU’s anti-subsidy probe is heightened risks for China-Europe trade and dis-ruptions in international economic order, which is harmful for all parties involved. CLYU YUNMOU is an assistant researcher with the Instituteof European Studies of the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations and head of its Europe security project.T HERE is a growing call in Spain’s businesssphere for more cooperation with China,President of the Spanish Friends of ChinaAssociation Antonio Miguel Carmonasaid recently in an exclusive interview with Chi-na Today in Beijing.In his capacity as professor of macroeconom-ics, Carmona has been at the helm of severalmultinationals. The former vice president ofglobal energy giant Iberdrola Spain is now amember of the board of directors of differentmultinationals. The aim of his second and mostBy staff reporter ZHANG HUI Seeking More Cooperationwith ChinaAn exclusive Interview with President of the Spanish Friends of China Association Antonio Miguel Carmona. President of the Spanish Friends of China Association Antonio Miguel Carmona at the China International Digital Economy Expo 2023 in Zhengding County of Hebei Province in September 2023.Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.54CHINA TODAYrecent visit to China has been to scout around for economic cooperation opportunities between Spanish companies and their Chinese peers. Having first come to China in 1993, Carmona was stunned at the country’s progress in his recent visit. “I find the changes in China jaw-dropping. Thirty years ago, nobody in the West could ever have imagined what colossal achieve-ments China would make.” This China trip is consequently a major eye-opener for Carmona as regards the effectiveness of China’s governance. “I believe in China and its development mode,”Carmona stated.Cognizant of innovation as the major driving force behind the country’s economic growth, Carmona has closely monitored China’s technical achievements in this regard. “China’s techno-logical progress is incredible,” he acknowledged. During his visit in September to the Internation-al Digital Economy Expo 2023 in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, he was particularly impressed by China’s advances in artificial intelligence. “They’re so impressive, so colossal. We must learn from them,” Carmona said.Carmona spoke of his association’s planned establishment of an investment and trade center geared to linking Spanish and Chinese enterpris-es, seeking in particular cooperation in the hi-tech fields. He has consequently spent much of this China trip liaising with Chinese companies in this regard.An advocate of free trade, Carmona fully sup-ports China’s defense of the principle. “China is a country that has defended free trade across the world, while the United States has preferred protectionism recently,” Carmona observed. He believes that only free trade can promote common development. “We need an open world, as advo-cated by President Xi. If the world opens up and cooperates, the possibilities are immense. But if the world contracts and we turn our backs on each other, we will continue to swim, each in our small, sad pond, instead of in a vast sea,” he said.The past two years have seen President Xi propose the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civiliza-tion Initiative which, Carmona believes, consti-tute humanity’s sole path to prosperity. China hasmoreover championed free trade, an open world,and infrastructure connectivity, all of which, inCarmona’s view, “are of benefit to the world.”“We need to look at China with open eyes, lis-ten to the country with open ears, and talk withChina with a view to more trade and investment,because this is vital for the world as a whole,” heconcluded.As a member of the EU, “Spain is looking forwhat will most benefit the EU, and cooperationwith China is the best choice,” Carmona toldChina Today. He went on to reveal that certainEuropean economic leaders intend to urge theEuropean Parliament to ratify the Compre-hensive Agreement on Investment – which heregards as tremendously beneficial to the EUeconomy.Global connectivity continues to improveas the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) navigates its second decade. This is largelydue to the BRI infrastructure projects and facili-tation of trade that have so boosted economicgrowth in related countries. The Initiative hasclearly generated huge benefits and boomingdevelopment for such countries which are alsoimportant for Spain, Carmona observed. There ishence a growing call in Spain’s economic sphereto convince the Spanish government to jointhe initiative, Carmona said. As an economist,Carmona advocates a new Bretton Woods agree-ment – Bretton Woods II, to stabilize the worldmonetary system, in which China should play anactive role.Marking as it does the 50th anniversary ofthe establishment of China-Spain diplomaticrelations, the year 2023 has brought an arrayof bilateral cultural and economic exchanges,including the launch of the China-Spain Year ofCulture and Tourism, and the Shenzhen-Madrideconomic and trade cooperation conference.There is true eagerness in Spain’s cultural andeconomic sectors for more cooperation withChina, according to Carmona. He also predictsmore China visits from Spanish economic andcultural delegations and hence broader exchang-es between our two countries. Csole pathThe past twoyears have seenPresident Xi pro-pose the GlobalDevelopmentInitiative, theGlobal SecurityInitiative, andthe Global Civili-zation Initiativewhich, Carmonabelieves, consti-tute humanity’ssole path toprosperity.Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.55 November 2023。
高科技的时候了 为了国产高技术能力的中国的计划【外文翻译】
外文翻译原文High time for high tech?China's program for an indigenous high technologycapabilityMaterial Source: Journal of Northeast Asian Studies [J]. 1993.7Author: Segal, Adam MChinese policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to developing high technology. The state has, through a number of central directives, attempted to promote the production and commercialization of high tech products. Yet, the level of Chinese high technology products remains fairly low. This article argues that the state, especially in trying to recreate Silicon Valley in China, has learned the wrong lessons from the West's experience. In order to promote the development of high tech, the state needs to build up a more adequate science and technology infrastructure and to define and protect property rights.During the 1980s and early 1990s, developing high technology became a topic of interest to policymakers and scientists in both industrialized and Third World countries. High technologies, those technologies that involve large development costs, long lead times, considerable technological uncertainty, and dependence on knowledge that is close to the frontier of scientific research, hold out the hope of rapid economic development, increased employment, and military preparedness. These technologies also generate new production processes and new modes of economic organization that may have a wide impact on the structures of national economies.Chinese policymakers have been neither immune to the lure of high technology nor unaware of efforts to develop it in other parts of the world. Since the 1978 "open door" policy, China has adopted a multifaceted strategy of technology development relying on existing central planning instruments and the creation of a range of new institutions and policies focused on high technology. The National High Technology Program (known in China as Baliusan or the 863 plan), the Torch Plan, and high technology development zones have all targeted critical technologies and promoted the "formation and development of China's high technology industry."CHINA'S TURN TO HIGH TECHMost of the newly industrializing countries in Asia moved into high technology as the last stage of export-led growth. After exhausting the benefits of labor-intensive manufacturing, Taiwan and Korea moved up to heavy and capital-intensive industries. Later, knowledge and information-intensive manufacturing replaced "dirty industries" like steel in these countries. Interest in new and high technologies in China, however, arose out of two other factors. Although the Chinese have yet to exhaust the traditional strategy of labor-intensive, export-led growth, they have exhibited ambivalence toward an over-reliance on this development strategy. In the words of one Chinese commentator, "the greatest difficulty that all export-oriented enterprises in our country face is to produce the right products . . . low labor costs will not last forever." In the modern world, "competition between products in the international market is in fact technical competition."HIGH TECH AND THE CENTRAL PLANAlthough the Chinese attained notable successes in the fields of computer, semi-conductor, automation, nuclear, and jet propulsion technologies through the central plan in the mid 1950s and early 1960s, the structure of the science and technology (S&T) establishment itself limited the scope and range of these achievements. Based on the Soviet system of science innovation, Chinese S&T was highly hierarchical and stratified. Research and development took place in diffuse locations with no coordination between them. Industrial ministries possessed their own autonomous research laboratories, and even these institutions communicated infrequently with each other because of a high degree of virtualization. Moreover, state-owned enterprises operated under an administrative structure that put excessive emphasis on indicators of quantitative output, not technology. Although meant to act as a supervising agency, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) did little to coordinate or direct the research undertaken by its member academies or to apply this research to industrial production.The financial difficulties faced by both the S&T establishment and the economy as a whole heightened these organizational problems. Most state enterprises operated with old and obsolete machinery; much of the equipment in factories had been installed during the 1950s and had not been replaced since. The reduction of the scope of central planning in the early 1980s and the growing reliance on the market in the Chinese economy meant that the state had less directcontrol over financial resources and thus less ability to reallocate funds to refurbish industrial capability. These reforms also meant that state revenue and thus the state's ability to invest in research and development further declined as the localities gained more control over their profits and foreign exchange.THE 863 PLANBy the mid-1980s, a deepened appreciation for high technology had begun to convince some that China could no longer afford to neglect high technology R&D. In March 1986 four prominent Chinese scientists wrote to Deng Xiaoping urging for the development of an indigenous high technology capability. In 1987, the National High Technology Development Program was initiated. The Plan, also known as 863 or Baliusan in Chinese (for the year, 1986, and month, March), aimed "to pool together the best technological resources in China over fifteen years to keep up with international high technology development, bridge the gap between China and other countries in several high technologies, and, wherever possible, strive for breakthroughs." Besides targeting industries in the areas of biotechnology, new materials, lasers, energy, information, robotics, and space, the Plan also introduced the concepts of peer review and a mixed method of project selection. "Expert committees" have had oversight over the seven disciplines and have been instrumental in the selection of projects. Below the seven groups, fifteen expert task groups designate projects that deserve support and review the progress of projects on an annual basis. Some projects have been "bottom up," originating from their potential investigators while others have been of the more traditional "top down," targeted approach.THE TORCH PLANThe Torch Plan, begun in 1988, attempted to address the problems of commercialization and production. The Plan embraced key state research institutions, advanced schools, large and medium size enterprises, collectively run research organizations, and various types of S&T enterprises. Unlike other programs originating from the center, the plan was not solely prescriptive with the central government simply arranging the delivery of commodities and allocating funds to research projects. Instead, the Plan is best understood as an attempt to create an "incubator" for high technology. It expected to do this by establishing new technology enterprises, developing high technology zones, and training management personnel.By 1992, the Torch had promoted 3,848 projects on the national and local levelin five areas: new materials, microelectronics and information, energy, biotechnology, and electromagnetic devices ("megatronics"). Most projects fall in the electronics (31.3 percent) and new materials fields (29.0 percent). Megatronics, biotechnology, and energy make up 15.4 percent, 12.9 percent, and 6.3 percent respectively, with the remaining 5.1 percent designated as "other." Projects are concentrated in three areas: North China, East China, and the South Central region.HIGH AND NEW TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ZONESA final aspect of the Torch Plan, and the one that may have the longest lasting influence, is the promotion of new and high technology industrial zones and high technology enterprises. Through a policy of locating universities and high technology firms in the same area, combining research and education with production, and providing the necessary infrastructure and preferential tax and finance policies, the state expected to create environments conducive to the development of high tech industries. These areas were to be, in the words of Song Jian, minister of the SSTC, "incubators of high and new technology." Policies were expected to create “small and medium ‘climates’”; in these”small” climates, specific projects were to evolve from technology to product and then capture markets, while the "medium" climate promoted an innovative environment in a larger region.The experience of Silicon Valley, "Route 128," and other science parks had a strong impact on the decision to recognize and encourage the high technology development zones (HTDZs). In the early 1980s a fellow at the Institute of Physics of CAS toured Silicon Valley, and other Chinese made similar trips during the decade. Explaining the success of the industrialized world in developing high technology exports, one Chinese commentator focused on the abundant technological and personnel resources, the government's use of preferential policies, sufficient venture capital, and the selection of a good geographic environment. Echoing this view, Simon argues that the Chinese learned three lessons from the science parks. First, it became apparent that successful high tech industries do not have the same requirements as those in traditional manufacturing. New forms of organization and behavior characterize these firms. Second, high technology progresses in close proximity to universities, government R&D institutes, and more traditional industries. Finally, high technology and high tech firms require a well developed infrastructure.HIGH TECH ENTERPRISESThe zones reflect the outcomes of policies in the early 1980s which encouraged the growth of collective enterprises, promoted technological entrepreneurship, and made employment outside of the state sector possible. In fact, Haidian had really begun to develop as early as 1984 as a consequence of policies designed to force R&D establishments to become more effective by cutting their guaranteed annual appropriation. Facing budget constraints and pressure to orient research more to production, CAS established small technological enterprises in order to take advantage of and market recent innovations. A number of companies have been formed by members of the CAS central staff, while others are populated by employees from the Academy's 120 affiliated institutes. A few firms have been established through cooperative agreements between foreign firms and the Academy.INTERNATIONALIZATIONGiven these constraints, the generally low technological level of Chinese enterprises, and the small size of the domestic market for high tech products, Chinese policymakers have suggested that "internationalization" may be the only possible route for the development of high technology. Many Chinese commentators, although seeing the international market as very hostile to Chinese interests, viewed participation in the global market as necessary to develop high technology. In one Keji Ribao article, the writer sketched the international market as increasingly dominated by "numerous American monopoly business conglomerates" and a Japan that has become "even more pushy." Import duties and non-tariff barriers combined to exclude Chinese products from the developed world. As China entered the international market, the commentator continued, it should never forget that "the goal of cooperation is to increase one's strength fuller in order to be able to compete on a larger scale, monopolize markets, and make a profit."CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTSChina's inability to develop a wide range of high technology exports competitive on the international market and the problems faced by the 863, the Torch Plan, and the HTDZs reveal many of the issues and difficulties inherent in high technology development. Like other countries, China has found that linking R&D to production and promoting high tech exports is a complicated and multifaceted process not easily accomplished through state intervention and specific, technology-focused development policies. Every major country that has adopted policies meant to speed the development of high technologies has had difficulties developing an effective R&D production nexus. These difficulties have convinced anumber of policymakers, especially in Japan, that government should not be involved in applied research at all and should instead focus its resources on basic research.Unable to rely on the domestic market, Chinese policymakers have increasingly turned to the international market. Yet China's success as an exporter has been marginal. Although the Chinese press is filled with accounts of new innovations, the general technological level of products offered by .the Chinese, except for some military hardware, is quite low. Even if domestic obstacles to commercialization are overcome, the international market may not prove to be as receptive to Chinese products as expected. The great degree of overlap between high technology and the main issues of contention in Chinese-Western relations--intellectual property rights, trade deficits, and arms exports--suggests that increased high tech exports will never be simply a case of market economics and comparative advantages.The future of China's high technology programs remains cloudy. The quantity of technology exports has increased, but these products have also reflected the fundamental limits of China's S&T base. The area of the most obvious successes in technology exports, military transfers, is also the area most likely to come under inquiry from the international community. Yet the fading of the memory of June 4 and the restarting of economic reforms after the Fourteenth Party Congress hold out the hope that China may create an economic environment free of political interference, conducive to high technology innovation. In order to create that environment, the first major reform should not be the establishment of new technological zones or research agendas, but the definition of property rights.译文高科技的时候了? 为了国产高技术能力的中国的计划资料来源：东北亚研究杂志[J]. 1993.7作者：西格尔·亚当米.中国决策者正把注意力越来越多地转向开发高新技术。
英语四级翻译真题-中国经济转型
英语四级翻译真题:中国经济转型翻译题目中国经济正处在转型的关键阶段。
中国已经不能继续沿用高消耗、高投入的旧模式，而必须加大力度调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式。
我国将继续推进行政管理(administrativemanagement)、金融部门和物价的改革。
服务业将愈发成为我国经济中的重要支柱。
作为最大的就业容纳器，服务业为经济转型缓解就业压力。
中国经济的升级( upgrading)也将为世界经济提供新的动力。
表达难点1.第1句“中国经济正处在转型的关键阶段”如果逐字对译为Chinese economy is at a crucial stage oftransformation略显死板生硬，可转用短语find oneself来表达，意为“不知不觉中发现自己处于某种状态”，使得“中国经济”有了生命的感觉，从而使行文更生动。
2.第2句中的两个分句都较长，且各自具有完整的意思，故译为两个独立的句子，并由Instead连接。
前一个分句中的“中国已经不能”可译为it is imposable for China to...或直接用China作主语，表达为China can nolonger...。
后一个分句“而必须加大力度调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式”为无主语句，故考虑译为被动句，将动宾结构“加大力度”中的“力度”转化为被动句的主语，译作more efforts should be made3.第3句的主干是“我国将继续推进……改革”，“行政管理、金融部门和物价”均是改革的具体内容，处理成后置定语，用“of + n.”的形式表所属，意为“……的”。
4.倒数第2句中的“服务业为经济转型缓解就业压力”，“为某人做某事”对应的英文表达为help sb. (to) dosth，经过分析发现，这里“为经济转型”实际上表达的是“在经济转型过程中"，故译为this sector helps easeemployment pressure in economic transformation。
Investing_in_the_Future
56CHINA TODAYWHILE the world economy faced multiple challenges and had a slow recovery in 2023, China’s GDP grewby 5.2 percent, surpassing the growth of many leading economies. China’s ro-bust growth and commitment to high-quality development and high-standard opening-up will continue to provide new opportunities for foreign investors.Panelists have in-depth discussions atBy staff reporter HUANG YUHAOForeign investors confident of the Chinese market despite Western media’s “foreign capital leaving China” rhetoric.Investing in the Futurethe meeting, Xi said, “Last year, China registered one of the highest growth rates among the major economies and accounted for over 30 percent of global growth as before. This was due both to the hard work of the Chinese people and to international cooperation.”Xi stressed the potential of the Chi-nese market by saying that “China is planning and implementing a series of major steps for comprehensively deepening reform, and steadily foster-ing a market-oriented, law-based, and world-class business environment. This will create broader development space for U.S. and other foreign businesses.”To attract and utilize foreign in-vestment, the State Council issued an action plan on March 19. It covered expanding market access, enhancing the Chinese market’s appeal for foreign investment, fostering a level playing field, and better aligning domestic rules with high-standard international economic and trade rules.The opening ceremony of Bentley’s newstore in Hongqiao, Shanghai, is being held at Greenland Trade Port on January 15, 2024.ECONOMY / NEW VISTASa sub-forum on “China Economic Out-look” of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2024 on March 28, 2024.Government CommitmentsAt the end of March, a meeting and two major events in China demon-strated the country’s determination to welcome more foreign investors.On March 27, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with representatives of the U.S. business, strategic and aca-demic communities in Beijing. During57May 2024The Chinese market is wide open and full of opportunities. China wel-comes all foreign investors.Meanwhile, the China Development Forum (CDF), themed “The Continu-ous Development of China,” was held in Beijing on March 24-25. It was at-tended by around 110 heads of major foreign multinationals and interna-tional organizations, such as Apple’s CEO Tim Cook and IMF ’s Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva, as well as Nobel laureates, institutional repre-sentatives, and scholars. Their partici-pation reflected China’s desire for more cooperation with foreign businesses and institutions and vice versa.In his keynote speech, Chinese Pre-mier Li Qiang reiterated China’s efforts to create a favorable condition for for-eign investors, saying “China will con-tinue to foster a world-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized, steadily advance institutional opening-up, and link with the world at a higher level of openness.” He said China is ready to share with the world the op-portunities created by its sustained development and work with all parties to create “a bright future of common development.”Then came the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference 2024, held from March 26-29. Themed “Asia and the World: Common Challenges, Shared Responsibilities,” it attracted nearly 2,000 representatives from over 60 countries to discuss topics like “global economy,” “technological inno-vation,” “social progress,” “international cooperation,” and “tackling challenges.”Zhao Leji, China’s top legislator, highlighted China’s attractiveness for business in his keynote speech at the opening plenary of the forum, saying: “Apart from being a main trading part-ner of more than 140 countries and territories, China is a primary source of investment for more and morecountries and one of the most impor-tant investment destinations for most countries in the world.”The message from the Chinese gov-ernment is loud and clear: The Chinese market is wide open and full of oppor-tunities. China welcomes all foreign investors.Confidence in the Chinese MarketAccording to data released by China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOF-COM), during the first two months of 2024, foreign direct investment (FDI) in China reached US $29.75 billion,down by almost 20 percent year-on-Zheng Shanjie, chairman of China’s National Development and Reform Commission, states at the China Development Forum 2024 held in Beijing on March 24, 2024 that the Commission will con-tinue to take pragmatic measures to accelerate the development of new quality productive forces.year. This figure made some doubt investors’ confidence in the Chinese market. However, the guests at the BFA Annual Conference 2024 thought otherwise.David Hill, CEO of Deloitte Asia Pa-cific, said at a sub-forum on “Investing the Future of Asia,” “When we discuss the drop in the FDI inflow into China, we must consider the fact that the previous base is too high.” The drop doesn’t mean China’s economy has encountered problems, he assured the session.Michele Geraci, former Undersec-retary of State at Italy’s Ministry of Economic Development, told China Today on the sidelines of the BFA Annual Conference that the decline has not dampened Italian investors’ passion in the Chinese market and he remained confident in its growth. Geraci had come with a delegation of Italian companies that would like to invest further in financial services and58CHINA TODAYECONOMY/ NEW VISTASinsurance in China.Xu Zhibin, deputy head of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, called the trend of FDI in China in line with that in Asia and the rest of the world. “The fluctuation in China’s FDI is very normal from a broader and longer perspective,” Xu said.For many businesses, the Chinese market is an attractive destination for investment. As China fosters new qual-ity productive forces for high-quality development, many foreign investors have expressed their confidence in the Chinese market.Francois David Martino, execu-tive president and member of John Cockerill Executive Committee of John Cockerill Industry, a mechani-cal engineering group headquartered in Belgium, told China Today that the investment opportunities in China are very important as China is evolving in terms of development quality and con-sumption demand. “China is building trends like we have seen in electric ve-hicles… but there are [also] other prod-ucts where China can be a trendsetter. And therefore, it’s important for us to be here and to be part of this develop-ment,” he said.Charles Dallara, member of the Board of Directors of Partners Group, a Swiss-based private equity firm, told reporters, “We have confidence in our group’s future in China, and the rest of Asia. China has not just a large-scale labor force, but also skilled labor. You find very good leadership of engineers and scientists at the forefront of tech-nological development, and we are en-couraged about the prospects of con-tinuing to invest in China.” He also said he is very pleased with the success of the previous investments.According to MOFCOM, during the first two months of this year, the num-ber of newly established foreign-invest-ed enterprises in China reached 7,160, up by nearly 35 percent compared with the same period last year. The figure is a telling example that China remains attractive to foreign investors.As Zhao Leji stated in his speech, “Investing in China is investing in the future. All countries are sincerely welcome to board the ‘e xpress train’ of China’s development and join hands to work for a global modernization fea-turing peaceful development, mutually beneficial cooperation and prosperity for all.” CA group of panelists are having in-depth discussions at the “China Economic Outlook,” a sub-forum of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2024 on March 28, 2024.。
2023年广东省深圳市高三二模英语试题[附答案]
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试卷类型：A2023年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试英语试卷共8页，卷面满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。
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第二部分阅读（（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AYour Garden EscapeEven in the big city you can find oases (绿洲) of calm and beauty. From a royal palace to a classical garden, we recommend great green spaces to escape the hustle and bustle of London.Horniman GardensHorniman Gardens cover 16 acres with breathtaking views of London. Visitors can enjoy the Sound Garden, Meadow Field, and even a Prehistoric Garden, which features a display of “living fossils.” The gardens are very popular with families, and dogs can be let off their leads in the Meadow Field.Chiswick GardenAs a classical garden landscape in London, it was here that the English Landscape Movement was born with William Kent’s designs. Enjoy fresh bread, seasonal food, and natural wines in the award-winning cafe, while admiring the beauty of the naturalistic landscape, spotted with impressive art and statues.Buckingham Palace GardenThe 39-acre garden boasts more than 350 types of wildflowers, over 200 trees and a three-acre lake. The garden also provides a habitat for native birds rarely seen in London. A tour of the garden can be completed by having a cream tea in the cafe overlooking the Palace’s famous grassland and lake.Kew GardenThe Royal Botanic Garden at Kew is one of the world’s most famous gardens and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Have a walk through the vast garden, spot local wildlife at the lake, or get your hands dirty by trying a gardening lesson. Be sure to visit the Temperate House, which contains some of the rarest and most threatened plants.21.What can visitors do in both Horniman Gardens and Chiswick Garden?A. Study living fossils.B. Taste delicious food.C. Enjoy impressive art.D. Appreciate fine views.22.Where should visitors go if they want to join in hands-on activities?A. Horniman Gardens.B. Chiswick Garden.C. Buckingham Palace Garden.D. Kew Garden.23.What is the purpose of the text?A. To inform visitors of famous gardens.B. To entertain interested garden visitors.C. To stress the necessity of garden escape.D. To show the benefits of touring gardens.BMy childhood was a painted picture of sunny sky and rolling green fields stretching to the horizon. It tasted of sharp berries and smelt of sour grapes. My family lived in a cabin (小木屋) in the countryside but I lived in my mother’s arms. They were so delicate but strong, her red hair falling around me like a curtain separating me from the world.Childhood was simple. The borders of my village were the furthest my troubles went and monsters only lived in the pages of books. Every day was a waking dream of running races and muddy knees. My village was archaic, dying cabins housing dying farmers with dying traditions. There weren’t many children but me and the other boys; boys of butchers and sellers formed our own group.They called us wild. I suppose we were. Trees and mountains formed our playgrounds and fights broke out as easily as sudden laughter. Liberated from the restrictions of society, we would bound into the woods, deeper and deeper until we found a lake which, with a wild yell, we would jump into all at once.My most vivid memories from boyhood center around that lake. Water shone brightly and the sounds of our screams broke into the outcry from birds. The shock of cold water against sweating skin would wake every nerve in my body and my bare feet would hit the sinking muddy bottom. As we submerged (淹没), time would suspend, movements slowing as bubbles rose around us.I was drowning. I was living. I was living. I was drowning.For timelessness or a second (both felt the same), we would suspend, curl up, and then be forced back out into breathing air.We should have known that it wouldn’t last forever. Yet, even under the best circumstances, there’s something so tragic about growing up: to have your perspective on the people and life around you change; to always struggle to reach a mirror only to find yourself tall enough to see, your reflection one day. And find, a different person staring back out at you.24.What does the underlined word “archaic” mean in paragraph 2?A. Borderless.B. Valueless.C. Old-fashioned.D. Poverty-stricken.25.Why did the author consider himself and other children wild?A. They played in the woods crazily.B. They tricked others purposefully.C. They frequently broke social rules.D. They firmly refused school education.26.How does the author introduce his memories of the lake?A. By sharing feelings.B. By expressing ideas.C. By making comparisons.D. By describing characters.27.What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph?A. Loneliness and challenges make a man grow up.B. The regret of growth is that you have never tried.C. Growth is often accompanied by sad goodbyes to the past.D. Growth begins when we begin to accept our own weakness.CIn shallow coastal waters of the Indian ocean, Dugong, a kind of sea cow, is in trouble. Environmental problems pose such a major threat to its survival that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) upgraded the species’ extinction risk status (地位) to vulnerable (脆弱的).Much worse, Dugongs are at risk of losing the protection of the Torres Strait Islanders, who have looked after them historically, hunting them for food sustainably and monitoring their numbers. These native people keep their biodiversity, and have deep knowledge about their environment. But these people are also threatened, in part because rising sea levels are making it difficult for them to live there.This situation isn’t unique to Dugongs. A global analysis of 385 culturally important plant and animal species found 68 percent were both biologically vulnerable and at risk of losing their cultural protection.The findings clearly illustrate that biology shouldn’t be the primary factor in shaping conservation policy, says anthropologist Victoria Reyes- Garcia. When a culture declines, the species that are important to that culture are also threatened. “Lots of conservationists think we need to separate people from nature,” says Reyes-Garcia. “But that strategy misses the caring relationship many cultural groups have with nature.”One way to help shift conservation efforts is to give species a “bio-cultural status,” which would provide a fuller picture of their vulnerability. In the study, the team used a new way to determine a species’ risk of disappearing: the more a cultural group’s language use declines, the more that culture is threatened. The more a culture is threatened, the more culturally vulnerable its important species are. Researchers then combined a species’ cultural and biological vulnerability to arrive at its bio-cultural status. In the Dugong’s case, its bio cultural status is endangered, meaning it is more at risk than its IUCN categorization suggests.This new approach to conservation involves people that have historically cared for them. It can highlight when communities need support to continue their care. Scientists hope it will bring more efforts that recognize local communities’ rights and encourage their participation—taking advantage of humans’ connection with nature instead of creating more separation.28.What is the relationship between the native people and Dugong s?A. The native people help conserve Dugongs.B. The native people train Dugongs to survive.C. Dugong s ruin the native people’s environment.D. Dugongs force the native people to leave home.29.Which statement will Reyes-Garcia probably agree with?A. The protection policy is used incorrectly.B. Culture is connected to species’ existence.C. Many groups take good care of each other.D. Conservationists prefer nature over people.30.How is the study method different from previous ones?A. It involves more preservation efforts.B. It relies on the IUCN’s classification.C. It highlights the effect of human languages.D. It assesses the biological influence of a species.31.What is the author’s attitude towards the latest approach?A. Conservative.B. Favourable.C. Critical.D. Ambiguous.DAdapting to technological advances is a defining part of the 21st-century life. Just two months after being launched in November 2022, OpenAI’s ChatGPT has already reached an audience of over 100 million people. While ChatGPT threatens to change writing and writing-related work, the Mesopotamians, who lived 4,000 years ago in a geographical area centered in modem-day Iraq, went through this kind of far-reaching change before us.Ancient Mesopotamia was home to many of civilization’s early developments. Its people were world leaders in adapting to technological and cultural changes. They invented the wheel and agriculture, and pioneered advances in mathematics and urbanization. These breakthroughs are reflected in cuneiform (楔形文字) literature, one of the oldest known forms of writing.In its literature, Mesopotamians don’t present cultural and technological advances as consistently beneficial. They often represent new technologies being controlled in the service of human conflict and mostly serving the interests of those with high social positions. In some ways, the representation of new technologies in its literature echoes (映现) contemporary concerns about AI: fears of increasing social inequalities and is potential use in information war.In recent years, AI—the newest form of writing—has been used to decipher (破译) the oldest: cuneiform literature. In broader fields, the boundaries of how AI may be used haven’t been clearly explained. In January, for example, a top international AI conference banned the use of AI tools for writing scientific papers.Humans have been struggling to invent, use and adapt to technology since our earliest civilizations. But the technology and resulting knowledge are not always evenly distributed. Knowing how we adapted to changing technology in the past helps us more fully understand the human condition and may even help us prepare for the future.32.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning Mesopotamians?A. Their adaptation to threats.B. Their influences on writing.C. Their contribution to literature.D. Their achievements in civilization.33.What can be inferred about technological advances from paragraph 3?A. They prevent human conflict.B. They bring about hidden dangers.C. They take away people’s concerns.D. They lower people’s social status.34.What is the current situation of AI according to paragraph 4?A. Its use in literature is popular.B. It is not allowed to finish papers.C. Its range of application is undefined.D. It is not accepted in broader fields.35.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. How People Can Use the Latest TechnologyB. How ChatGPT Will Threaten Writing and WorkC. What Al Will Do by Learning Cuneiform LiteratureD. What History Can Teach Us About New Tech’s Impact第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
china's investment in human capital全文翻译
china's investment in human capital全文翻译中国在人力资本投资方面扮演着关键的角色。
中国政府秉承“瘦狗爱吃骨头”的理念，重视对人力资本的投资，为促进中国的发展和进入全球经济主流制定了一系列政策。
中国政府认识到，未来发展的关键在于教育、培训和科学研究领域的投资。
随着中国经济的快速增长，政府不断投资教育和研究，因为这是建立可持续发展经济的基础。
经济发展不仅带来财富和机会，而且还带来机遇和资源，为实现更高水平的可持续发展而不断努力。
China plays a crucial role in investment in human capital. The Chinese Government adheres to the idea of "the lean dog loves to eat bone" and attaches great importance to the investment in human capital, making a series of policies for promoting China's development and entering the mainstream of the global economy. The Chinese Government is aware that the key to future development lies in investment in education, training and scientific research. With the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, the government has been continually investing in education and research, as this is the foundation for establishing a sustainable economy. Economic development brings not only wealth and opportunity, but also opportunity and resources, striving continuously for a higher level of sustainable development.。
China explores ways to unleash more potential 翻译
China explores ways to unleash morepotential 翻译翻译：中国正在探索方法来释放更多潜力。
用法：unleash more potential 是一个固定搭配，表示“释放更多的潜力”，有发挥潜力的意思。
双语例句：1.中国正在努力通过管制实施，完善市场环境，以释放更多潜能。
China is striving to unleash more potential through regulation implementation and perfecting market environment.2.创新是引发经济增长和释放社会潜力的重要动力。
Innovation is a key driver of economic growth and unleashing of social potential.3.中国需要良好的政策环境来激发企业的经济活力，释放更多潜力。
China needs a good policy environment to stimulate corporate economic vitality and unleash more potential.4.完善法律法规制度，释放企业投资的潜能是加快经济发展的重要保障。
Improving the legal and regulatory system and unleashing the potential of corporate investment is an important guarantee for speeding up economic development.5.发挥各方潜力，提升经济效率，推动可持续发展，是中国致力于实现的目标。
Unleashing the potential of all parties, improving economic efficiency, and promoting sustainable development is the goal that China is striving for.。
英文翻译：中国考虑重新启用旧有电网技术
中国考虑重新启用旧有电网技术China Tries To Revive A TechnologyChina is trying to revive a controversial Soviet-era technology largely abandoned by the West as it struggles to overcome inefficiencies in its national power grid.China's power distributors have been advocating development of an ultrahigh-voltage power grid that would transfer large volumes of electricity from remote inland regions rich in coal and hydropower to economic powerhouses along the coast.State Grid Corp., the state-owned company that controls most of China's electricity grid, is overseeing a pilot project launched last year that will link parts of Shanxi province with Jingmen city in the central province of Hubei via a 1,000-kilovolt alternating-current transmission line.The technology has plenty of critics. Ultrahigh-voltage AC technology has been out of favor elsewhere in the world since the Soviet Union fell and since power demand stagnated in Japan in the 1990s.Even the Chinese government concedes it isn't yet commercial. But State Grid argues that the new technology, which would theoretically be more efficient because it would bypass existing provincial power lines by taking electricity directly from the source all the way to coastal provinces, is necessary to prevent damaging bottlenecks in China's aging power grid.China has outshone countries such as India in connecting 99% of its population to the national electricity grid, but the risk of blackouts remains, the International Energy Agency recently warned.The Paris-based watchdog said China needs to spend billions more to update its power grid. China needs to invest $1.51 trillion through 2030, with most of that coming from the Chinese central government, the IEA said in its latest World Energy Outlook.If added to spending on generating capacity, the cumulative investment over the next two decades could reach $2.8 trillion, equivalent to a quarter of the world's total, the IEA said.China's fast-growing economy is outstripping the country's ability to provide enough electricity to fuel growth, leading to bottlenecks and periodic power shortages.Last year, China added more than 100 gigawatts of power-generating capacity -- equivalent to France's entire installed capacity.But much of that new power is found in areas that have coal mines or hydroelectric dams and are far away fromthe coastal regions where most of the power-hungry factories and cities are located.Getting the electricity from the power plants to the cities has been a major hurdle to China's growth. For example, two-thirds of China's hydropower capacity is concentrated in mountainousTibet and the adjacent provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan, according to State Grid, China's monopoly power distributor in all but five provinces.'The operational stability of the companies in the sector requires more urgent measures to be taken to improve the grid connectivity,' said Ma Shang, an analyst at Fitch Ratings. 'Until that happens, there remains a risk of inefficient investments.'为了克服国家电网的低效问题，中国正在考虑重新采用西方基本废弃不用的一项前苏联时代的技术。
我国未来海洋探索计划英语表达
我国未来海洋探索计划英语表达China's Future Plans for Marine Exploration.China, a vast country with a long coastline and extensive territorial waters, has always attached great importance to marine exploration. In recent years, with the rapid development of technology and the increasing demand for marine resources, China has been actively formulating and implementing ambitious plans for marine exploration. These plans aim to deepen our understanding of the ocean, exploit its resources, and protect its environment.1. Technological Advancements.China has been investing heavily in technological advancements to support its marine exploration efforts. This includes the development of advanced submarines, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater drones. These technologies enable scientists to explore deeper and more remote areas of the ocean, makingdiscoveries that were previously unimaginable.2. Marine Resource Exploitation.China's marine exploration plans also focus on the exploitation of marine resources. This includes the extraction of oil and gas from offshore fields, the cultivation of marine organisms for food and biopharmaceuticals, and the mining of minerals such as manganese nodules and polymetallic sulfides from the deep seabed. These resources are crucial for China's economic development and national security.3. Marine Conservation and Protection.In parallel with resource exploitation, China is also committed to marine conservation and protection. This involves the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem health, the implementation of strict environmental regulations to mitigate the impact of human activities on the ocean, and the promotion of sustainable fishing practices. China isalso actively involved in international cooperation on marine conservation, sharing knowledge and resources with other countries.4. Scientific Research and Education.To support its marine exploration efforts, China is also investing in scientific research and education. This includes funding research projects on oceanography, marine biology, and marine geology, as well as establishing institutions and programs to train the next generation of marine scientists and explorers. By fostering a culture of innovation and curiosity, China aims to maintain its leadership in marine exploration and contribute to global scientific understanding of the ocean.5. The Role of Private Sector.Recognizing the importance of private sector participation in marine exploration, China is also encouraging private companies to invest in this field. This has led to the emergence of a number of innovativecompanies that are developing new technologies, exploring marine resources, and providing services such as seabed mining and offshore energy exploration. The privatesector's involvement not only brings financial resources but also drives innovation and competition, which in turn benefits the entire marine exploration industry.6. Challenges and Opportunities.While China's marine exploration plans are ambitious and far-reaching, they also face numerous challenges. These include the technical difficulties of exploring deep and remote areas of the ocean, the environmental impact of human activities on the marine ecosystem, and the need for international cooperation to address shared challenges such as climate change and ocean pollution. Despite these challenges, however, the opportunities for scientific discovery, resource exploitation, and economic growth are immense. By continuing to invest in technology, research, and education, and by working collaboratively with other countries, China can realize its vision of becoming aleading marine power and contribute to the global understanding and protection of the ocean.。
Chinese Wisdom on the Modernization of Governance
Chinese Wisdom on the Modernization of GovernanceChina 2049: The Drive for National RejuvenationAuthor: Tian Yingkui Price: RMB 96 Paperback, 226 pages Published by Foreign Languages PressBy staff reporter ZHOU LINBOOK REpORt 2021 marks the centenary of thefounding of the CommunistParty of China (CPC). In this year,China is also completing the build-ing of a moderately prosperous soci-ety in all respects. That means aftera century of endless exploration andunremitting struggles, the CPC hasembarked on a path pursuing themodernization of national gover-nance with Chinese characteristics,honoring its commitment to builda prosperous and strong modernChina.In 2049, when Chinese peoplecelebrate the centennial of thefounding of the People’s Republicof China, China will have become aprosperous, democratic, culturallyadvanced, and harmonious socialistmodern country. To adhere to andimprove the socialist system withChinese characteristics and advancethe modernization of China and itssystem and capacity for governance,the Central Committee of the CPChas set an overall goal to fully realizethe modernization of the nationalgovernance system and governancecapabilities. By achieving this goal,it will make the Chinese socialistsystem more consolidated and fullydemonstrate its strength.While working towards the greatrejuvenation of China in 2049 andthe comprehensive constructionof a modern and strong socialistcountry, what kind of moderniza-tion does China need, and how willit achieve that goal? During theprocess of forging ahead towardsthe modernization of national gov-ernance, what new starting pointis China standing at presently? Andwhat challenges will China face?The book’s author, Tian Yingkui,is a professor at the Party School ofthe CPC Central Committee, alsoknown as the National Academyof Governance. Tian has focusedhis research on macro-economy,finance, institutional reform, andeconomic policies. In this book, hechose modernization as the maintopic to discuss how to solve theproblems which have emerged inthe modernization of national gov-ernance in areas of economy, poli-tics, culture, society, and ecology,and achieve a modern governancethat is fair, efficient, sustainable,and has high quality. It is a mustread for those who are interestedin understanding China’s goals ofadvancing the modernization of itssystem and capacity for governanceby adhering to and improving thesocialist system with Chinese char-acteristics.The book is divided into eightchapters that touch on such top-ics as the realization of the greatrejuvenation of the Chinese nationin 2049, China’s economic, political,cultural, social and environmen-tal modernization, internationalgovernance, and the mission of theParty towards national rejuvena-tion. In the first chapter, the authorpoints out clearly the importanceof building a modern, people-centered governance system. Hethen explains in detail how to builda modernized governance systemwhich ensures economic develop-ment and fair distribution; how torealize the modernization of publicpower via improving democraticpolitics and the rule of law; howto achieve the modernization ofa cultural governance ensured byeducation, science, and technology;how to carry out the modernizationof social governance that featuresfairness, justice, and the improve-ment of people’s livelihood; and howto complete the modernization ofecological governance consideringresource conservation and green de-velopment. In the last two chapters,the author discusses China’s con-cepts on global governance, whichaims to build a community with ashared future for mankind, and an-swers the question of how the CPCwill lead Chinese people towardsnational rejuvenation through themodernization of China’s systemand capacity for governance in thenew era.By introducing the basic contentand fundamental strategies ofChina’s governance, the author sum-marizes China’s experience, exploresits unique development path, andreveals how China, being a develop-ing country with a large population,can coordinate and properly handleall kinds of problems in the areas ofeconomy, politics, society, culture,and environment during the processof realizing socialist modernization.The author also explores how China’sgovernance reflects the laws govern-ing development in the modernera, so as to move towards a societywhich develops with a respect forthe spirit of science and democracy,while obeying the rule of law. Onlywith this kind of governance canChina satisfy the people’s growingneeds for a better life, represent thewisdom and strength of the Chinesenation’s modernized governance,and achieve the goal of becominga prosperous, strong, democratic,culturally advanced, and harmoni-ous modern socialist country.A consensus reached afteranalyzing history is that: Whena country has a higher level andstronger capacity for governance, itdevelops in a healthier manner witha prosperous economy and society;but when a country has a poor andweak governance, it loses its abilityto guarantee its economic and socialdevelopment. The modernization ofnational governance is the commonpursuit of all countries, but differentcountries have completely differentinstitutional forms, path choices,and methods for reaching thatend goal. The CPC can neither findready-made answers in the classicworks of Marxism-Leninism, norborrow existing models from thepolitical practices of other countries.The only way is to proceed withChina’s national condition, changewith the times, adopt methods thatcombine the top-level design andgradual adjustments, and blaze anew path for the modernization ofnational governance with Chinesecharacteristics.Zheng Yongnian, a well-known scholar of China studieswho was a professor and directorof the East Asian Institute, Na-tional University of Singapore,pointed out in a speech he deliveredin October 2014 that the CPC hasbeen in power for a long time and isvery good at formulating long-termdevelopment goals, which means alot to its long-lasting governance.Just as Zheng observed, two monthslater, Chinese President Xi Jinpingproposed the four-pronged compre-hensive strategy, namely to makecomprehensive moves to finishbuilding a moderately prosper-ous society in all respects, deepenreform, advance law-based gover-nance, and strengthen Party self-governance. This strategic deploy-ment is like a strategy deploymentin the game Go, in which visionaryplayers must be always adept atgiving full play to the overall func-tion of every piece and make fulluse of the time and position, so asto maximize the effectiveness oflimited resources.C61July 2021。
讨论近年来中国在创新和高科技方面的进展英语
讨论近年来中国在创新和高科技方面的进展英语In recent years, China has made remarkable progress in innovation and high-tech areas. This development can be attributed to a range of factors, including a favorable investment environment, a growing number of skilled workers, and an increasing emphasis on research and development across the country. In this essay, we will discuss the progress of China in innovation and high-tech development.Firstly, China has become a world leader in areas such as artificial intelligence, 5g technology, and quantum communication. Chinese companies such as Huawei and ZTE have excelled in the development of 5g technology, surpassing many Western competitors. Furthermore, China has established a lead in the development of quantum communication, which is considered to be the next frontier in secure communication technology.Secondly, China has achieved significant progress in its innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. Recent years have seen an increase in support for startups, coupled with the establishment of innovation zones and venture capital funds. This has fueled the entrepreneurship culture across the country, leading to the growth of innovative companies in various sectors such as fintech, logistics, and healthcare.Thirdly, China has invested heavily in research and development. China is rapidly catching up with developed countries in terms of R&D spending, with the governmentallocating a significant percentage of the national budget to this area. Research institutions and high-tech parks have proliferated throughout the country, attracting top talent and facilitating knowledge-sharing and innovation.Another encouraging development is the rapid growth of China's semiconductor industry. The United States and other countries have long dominated this field, but China has been able to make substantial headway in recent years. China has set a goal to produce 70% of the semiconductors used in the country by 2025, and the government has given strong backing to the country's domestic semiconductor firms.In conclusion, China has made impressive strides in innovation and high-tech areas in recent years. The country has become a world leader in several key technologies, established a strong innovation ecosystem and is investing heavily in research and development. These trends are likely to continue, and as China becomes more innovative and technologically advanced, it will become an increasingly attractive destination for investors and entrepreneurs.。
中国的重要变化英语作文
In recent decades,China has undergone a profound transformation that has captured the attention of the world.This metamorphosis has not only reshaped the nations economic landscape but also significantly influenced its social,cultural,and political spheres.As an educator with a keen interest in global affairs,I have observed these changes from a unique vantage point,both through my own experiences and through the lens of my students insights.One of the most striking aspects of Chinas transformation has been its economic growth.Since the late1970s,when China began to open up to the global market,it has experienced an unprecedented surge in economic activity.The country has transitioned from a largely agrarian society to one of the worlds leading industrial powers.This shift has been driven by a combination of factors,including marketoriented reforms,foreign investment,and a massive influx of human capital.The impact of this economic boom is evident in the urban skylines of cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen,where towering skyscrapers and bustling commercial districts have sprung up seemingly overnight.These cities have become hubs of innovation and commerce,attracting multinational corporations and entrepreneurs from around the globe.The economic prosperity has also led to a significant improvement in the standard of living for many Chinese citizens,with a marked reduction in poverty levels and an increase in access to education and healthcare.However,the rapid economic development has not come without its challenges.Environmental degradation,income inequality,and thedisplacement of traditional communities are some of the issues that have arisen as a result of Chinas breakneck growth.The government has recognized these concerns and has implemented various policies to address them,such as investing in renewable energy sources and promoting sustainable development.Culturally,China has also seen a significant evolution.The countrys rich history and traditions have been preserved,but they now coexist with a growing embrace of modernity and global influences.This is particularly evident in the younger generations,who are avid consumers of international music,films,and fashion.Yet,there is also a renewed interest in traditional Chinese culture,with a surge in the popularity of traditional festivals,martial arts,and calligraphy.The political landscape in China has also experienced changes,though these have been more subtle and less visible to the outside world.The Chinese government has maintained a strong central authority,but there has been a gradual increase in the openness of political discourse and a greater emphasis on the rule of law.Additionally,the government has made efforts to combat corruption and improve governance,which has been met with a mixed response from the public.One of the most significant changes in Chinas recent history has been its increasing role on the world stage.As the countrys economic and political influence has grown,so too has its participation in international affairs. China has become a key player in global organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization,and it has taken on a moreactive role in addressing global challenges,such as climate change and international security.The stories of individual Chinese citizens also reflect the broader changes taking place in the country.For instance,I have had students who have moved from rural areas to urban centers in search of better job opportunities,only to find themselves navigating a complex and often challenging new environment.Others have pursued higher education abroad and returned to China with fresh perspectives and a desire to contribute to their countrys development.In conclusion,the changes that have taken place in China over the past few decades are both remarkable and multifaceted.They have transformed the country in ways that were unimaginable just a few generations ago.While there are undoubtedly challenges that lie ahead,the resilience and adaptability of the Chinese people,coupled with the countrys vast resources and strategic vision,suggest that China will continue to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the global community.。
Game-Changing_Forces
16CHINA TODAYTHE C919, China’s self-developed large passenger aircraft, soared into the sky on its maiden commercial flight in May 2023, while the Adora Magic City, China’s first domestically built large cruiseship, set sail on its maiden voyage to northeast Asian destina-tions in January 2024. The country has achieved one technological breakthrough after another in its endeavor to generate new forces to power its economy.Chinese President Xi Jinping had elaborated on and highlighted the importance of high-quality development when participating in a delibera-tion with his fellow National People’s Congress (NPC) deputies from Jiangsu Province on March 5, 2023 during last year’s “Two Sessions,” the annual meetings of China’s top legislature and political advisory body.On the very same day this year, during delib-erations with his fellow deputies from the Jiangsu Province delegation at the second session of the 14th NPC, President Xi reiterated the importance of developing new quality productive forces ac-cording to local conditions.Developing new quality productive forces is an imperative requirement and pivot of high-quality development. Xi’s dedication to this mission willdrive China’s pursuit of high-quality development as the country strives to build a modern socialistcountry in all respects.A New Term Comes to the ForePresident Xi Jinping first proposed the con-cept of new quality productive forces in Septem-ber 2023 during his inspection trip to northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, when he said, “Sci-tech innovation resources should be integrated to spearhead the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries so as to form new quality productive forces.”When, in December 2023, the Central Eco-nomic Work Conference set out its plans for 2024, the clear message that emerged was the need for China to focus that year on promoting high-qual-ity development, giving prominence to key areas, grasping key points, and taking a down-to-earth approach to economic work. New quality produc-tive forces once more came under the spotlight when the meeting proposed: “We will promote in-President Xi Jinping stressed at this year’s “Two Sessions” the importance of fostering new quality productive forces to generate high-quality development.Game-ChangingForcesBy staff reporterHUANG YUHAOimperativeDeveloping new quality produc-tive forces is an imperative requirement and pivot of high-qualitydevelopment.dustrial innovation through technological innova-tion, especially by using ground-breaking and cut-ting-edge technologies to foster new industries, new models, and growth drivers, and develop new quality productive forces.”In January 2024, at the 11th group study ses-sion of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, Presi-dent Xi Jinping explained new quality productive forces, when he said, “The new quality produc-tive forces are primarily driven by innovation, and break free from traditional economic growth modes and productivity development paths. Fea-turing high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, they constitute the advanced productiv-ity that comes in line with the new development philosophy.” The term hence refers to hi-tech sec-tors, including new energy vehicles (NEVs), arti-ficial intelligence, advanced manufacturing, and quantum computing.New quality productive forces have contrib-uted to China’s high-quality development. The statistical communiqué, published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China on February 29, 2024 on national economic and social development in 2023 shows that new drivers of growth witnessed robust development that year, China’s NEV output having hit 9.443 million, up 30.3 percent year-on-year. There have also been reports that in the final quarter of 2023 Shenzhen-based Chinese carmaker BYD became the world’s best-selling electric ve-hicle maker, and hence the first to surpass Tesla. China’s solar cell (photovoltaic cells) output, moreover, was 540 million kilowatts, up 54 percent year-on-year. Meanwhile that of service robots reached 7.833 million, up by 23.3 percent; and that of 3D printing devices totaled 2.789 million, a 36.2 percent increase. These figures accentuate the growing importance to China’s development of new quality productive forces.While taking part in deliberations with his fel-low deputies from Jiangsu Province at this year’s “Two Sessions,” President Xi Jinping pinpointed the top priorities of high-quality development, which entails stepped-up innovation, fostering of emerging industries, adoption of forward-thinking plans for developing future-oriented industries, and improving the modernized industrial system. Xi made clear that “developing new quality pro-ductive forces does not mean neglecting or aban-doning traditional industries.” Instead, they should be developed according to local conditions. “It is necessary to prevent a headlong rush into proj-ects and the formation of industry bubbles, and to avoid adopting just a single development model,”President Xi said.Jiangsu’s New Quality Productive ForcesJiangsu Province’s 2024 Report on the Work of the Government showed that, in 2023, the provin-cial GDP reached RMB 12.82 trillion – a 5.8 per-cent increase – so ranking second in China. As a major manufacturing province, Jiangsu’s economic growth has considerably benefited from new qual-ity productive forces.The manufacturing industry’s added value in Jiangsu reached RMB 4.66 trillion, accounting for36.3 percent of the regional GDP, with its high-Visitors are inspect-ing a BYD electricsedan at the Mu-nich Motor Show inMunich, Germany onSeptember 6, 2023.17April 2024quality development manufacturing industry index hitting 91.9, ranking first in the country. The output value of Jiangsu’s strategic emerging and hi-tech industries, meanwhile, accounted for 41.3 percent and 49.9 percent of industries above the designated scale, respectively.On visiting the Suzhou Industrial Park during his inspection of Jiangsu in 2023, Xi Jinping high-lighted the importance of fostering new industries and accelerating industrial upgrading by leverag-ing new technologies.During this tour, Xi Jinping called on Jiangsu Province to sustain its exemplary role in promot-ing reform, innovation, and high-quality develop-ment, as well as in contributing to China’s efforts to foster a new pattern of development.NPC deputy Gao Jifan, who comes from Jiangsu Province, is head of Trina Solar, a leading pho-tovoltaics company in China. Gao told reporters ahead of the second session of the 14th NPC thatWhat are new quality productive forces?New quality productive forces mean advanced productivity, mainly driven by revolutionary technological break-throughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is the qualitative change of workers, labor materials, labor objects, and their optimal combination, andtheir core symbol is the improvement of total factor productivity.How to improve?18CHINA TODAYChina’s photovoltaic industry had evolved from aninitial state where technology, market, and equip-ment were all lagging behand globally to today’ssituation with the world’s largest market size,leading technology level, and the most completeindustrial chain.Aware that Gao Jifan is also head of a statekey laboratory of PV science and technology, Xiasked him, at the group deliberation on March5, “Where’s your laboratory?” Gao answered, “It’slocated in both Changzhou of Jiangsu Provinceand Shanghai City. It’s jointly established by enter-prises and universities, integrating basic research,frontier research, and applied research.”“Jiangsu enjoys favorable conditions and capa-bilities for developing new quality productive forc-es,” Xi said at the group deliberation, adding, “Fac-ing the latest round of scientific and technologicalrevolutions and industrial transformations, wemust seize opportunities and strengthen effortsto make innovations. We must also cultivate andstrengthen emerging industries, arrange the de-velopment of industries for the future in advance,and improve the modern industrial system.”During the past year, Jiangsu’s technological in-novations have made steady progress. The deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe, developed under the initiation of the province’s Taihu Labo-ratory, dived to the Mariana trench – the world’sdeepest natural trench – in the west Pacific. Thehigh-efficiency all-perovskite tandem solar cellsdeveloped by a team of Chinese scientists werealso among China’s top 10 scientific advances, toname a few.Jiangsu’s example represents a microcosm ofthe country. In 2023, China’s NEV, lithium-ion bat-tery, and photovoltaic product output increasedby 30 percent. China also makes up 60 percent ormore of global electric vehicle output and sales, amomentum that is expected to grow. Develop New Quality Productive Forces President Xi once observed, “Scientific andtechnological innovation can generate new indus-tries, new models, and new momentum, and isthe core element for developing new quality pro-ductive forces.” Therefore, developing new qualityproductive forces entails thecountry’s giving full play totechnological innovation.“We must strengthen scien-tific and technological innova-tion, especially original anddisruptive innovations, ac-celerate efforts to build high-level self-reliance and strengthin science and technology,achieve breakthroughs in coretechnologies in key fields sothat original and disruptivescientific and technologicalinnovations can emerge oneafter another, and generategreater momentum towardsthe development of new pro-ductive forces,” Xi said.Promoting technological innovation meansgreater policy support. In his 2024 governmentwork report, Premier Li Qiang said that the coun-try’s top priority is to modernize the industrialsystem and develop new quality productive forcesat a faster pace, which entails efforts to launch anAI Plus initiative. Before this year’s “Two Sessions,”many local governments had already pledged intheir work reports to foster new quality produc-tive forces.For example, Beijing’s government proposedaccelerating its cultivation of new quality produc-tive forces in the new year, as this will facilitatethe growth of strategic emerging industries – suchas new energy, new materials, commercial space-flight, and the low-altitude economy – and de-velop future-oriented industries such as quantumtech, life sciences, and 6G.Such innovation also means more R&D fund-ing. According to Minister of Science and Technol-ogy Yin Hejun, China’s R&D spending in 2023 sur-passed RMB 3.3 trillion, up 8.1 percent comparedwith the previous year, of which funding for basicresearch reached RMB 221.2 billion, a 9.3 percentincrease over the previous year.Such investment has yielded fruitful results,with the signing of 950,000 new technology con-tracts that produced a transaction volume of RMB Xi Jinping called onpolitical advisors and allin the science andtechnology sector tostrengthen basic researchand applied basic re-search, go all out to makebreakthroughs in coretechnologies in key fields,and create new driversfor developing newquality productive forces.19April 202420CHINA TODAY6.15 trillion, a 28.6 percent year-on-year increase, and the granting of 921,000 invention patents, up 15.3 percent compared with the previous year. Yin indicated that investment in scientific and tech-nological research is set to increase in the near future.On March 6, while visiting national political advisors from the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, the sector of science and technology, and the sector of environment and resources, Xi Jinping called on political advi-sors and all in the science and technology sector to strengthen basic research and applied basic research, go all out to make breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and create new drivers for developing new quality productive forces.Talent is also integral to developing new qual-ity productive forces. According to a People’s Daily report, NPC deputy Sun Jingnan, a welder from the CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., told Xi at the group discussion that she has witnessed the develop-ment of China’s railway transportation from being a “follower” to “leader,” and believes that crafts-men must pay particular attention to the details and nuances of their field, in order to achieve necessary breakthroughs.In response, Xi recalled the Chinese trans-portation industry’s achievements, saying that craftsmen are the cornerstone and pillars of the Chinese nation’s edifice, and also constitute the crucial impetus behind the step-by-step advance of China’s transportation industry. “Having good design blueprints isn’t enough; in the end, the industry’s success lies in the hands of welders like Sun Jingnan.” Xi went on to highlight the impor-tance of enhancing China’s vocational education, and nurturing the spirit of craftsmanship.International ResponseNew quality productive forces having become a buzzword in China during the “Two Sessions,” it has sparked widespread discussions among many international observers.Jon Taylor from the University of Texas at San Antonio told the BBC that new quality productive forces place “an emphasis on the development and commercialization of technology and science, digi-tization, and high-end manufacturing centering on emerging intelligent and eco-friendly technologies.” Keith Bennett, a long-term China specialist and vice chair of Britain’s 48 Group Club, told Xinhua that he believes President Xi’s important exposition on developing new quality productive forces keeps up with the times, and also meets the demands of the times, adding that the concept may reduce hard labor, improve the ecological environment, enhance the quality of people’s lives, and ensure a green economy.Andy Mok, a senior research fellow at the Cen-ter for China and Globalization, told China Today that growing numbers of foreign companies now realize that to prosper in China, they must ensure they can keep up with the latest technological breakthroughs, product innovations, and business model innovations. Many foreign companies are aware that their development in China is not just for the benefit of the Chinese market, but that it also enhances their own global competitiveness. “All new technologies play a vital role in promot-ing the prosperity of the global economy.” CintegralTalent is also integral to developing new quality produc-tive forces.Electrical engineers are carrying out routine wintertime maintenance work at a photovoltaic power station in Mingguang City of east China’s Anhui Province on December 31, 2021.。
?ChinasMarsrovertolaunchin2020
ChinasMarsrovertolaunchin20202019-07-08 08:42:34Global Times Editor : Li Yan ECNS App DownloadMission shows country has 'innovative spirit' to overcome challengesChinese scientists on Sunday announced that China will launch its first mission to Mars in 2020 and the construction of its rover has been completed.The mission includes orbiting, landing and roving the Martian surface, an unprecedented achievement that shows China's innovative spirit in space exploration and courage to face great challenges, according to Chinese space experts.The probe's primary mission is to detect signs of life on Mars, Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist of China's lunar exploration plan, said at a conference on satellite and space, held in Rizhao, East China's Shandong Province from Friday to Sunday.The mission will also examine whether the planet has the potential to be transformed in some way in the future to make it livable for humans, the 21st Century Business Herald, reported on Sunday quoted Ouyang as saying.The Chinese rover will examine the Red Planet's atmosphere, landscape, geological and magnetic characteristics, which could provide clues to the origin and evolution of Mars and the solar system, the newspaper reported.The launch is being timed for when the orbits of Mars and Earth are closest to each other, "which occurs every 26 months and lasts about one month," Pang Zhihao, an expert in space exploration technology in Beijing, told the Global Times onSunday.Of the 45 previous missions to Mars only 19 have succeeded.Among the 19 successful missions, some were designed to send orbiting satellites around the planet and some were merely flyby missions, according to records kept by NASA.Transmissions from Earth take almost 10 minutes to reach the orbiter, so landing commands must be issued before the lander is released and many unpredictable situations can occur during the descent nicknamed "seven minutes of terror," Pang said.Without real-time monitoring, the probe will need to "make its own decision," Pang noted.A successful landing is only the beginning of the rover's mission in a hostile environment.Another challenge comes from the devastating dust storms on Mars, the worst of which is comparable to a force 12 typhoon on Earth.Such dust storms occur almost every year on the Red Planet and can last for up to three months, Pang said, noting that the Mars rover must have a strong storm-resistance system.Because a dust storm could damage a rover's solar power system, a solution could be to use nuclear power, Pang said.China's Mars orbiter will carry seven scientific devices, while the rover will have six."Although China's Mars mission has started late, we have a high starting point with the three-in-one design. And we are prepared to face the challenges," Pang noted.。
广东广雅中学花都校区2024-2025学年高三上学期9月测试英语试题(无答案)
2024学年上学期高三年级9月考试卷英语本试卷共10页,满分120分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型涂在答题卡相应位置上。
并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。
2. 作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上,如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效.4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ABranding events of China DailySince its launch in 1981, China Daily has grown to become the nation's leading English-language newspaper. With a combined print, online and mobile readership of more than 350 million, it serves a vital role in telling the world about China, providing valuable insight into the world's second-largest economy. A series of branding events, more details of which are just a click away, are conducted by China Daily to improve public diplomacy（外交）and international communication.Vision China LecturesA series of talks are organized by China Daily in which leading political and business figures are invited to speak and interact live with domestic and foreign audiences. The Vision China lectures focus on major issues facing China and the world, explore what China's story means for the world, and how Chinese wisdom can help the world.China Watch Think Tank ForumElites, including opinion leaders, politicians and businesspersons with expertise（专业知识）on China, discuss topics on developments and the future of China and the world in China Watch Think Tank Forum.Asia Leadership RoundtableThe China Daily Asia Leadership Roundtable provides a platform for high-level dialogue and communication among leaders and social elites in the fields of politics, business and academia in Asia."21st Century Cup" National English Speaking CompetitionThe competition is the most famous English-speaking competition in China. It is the qualifying round for students who wish to represent China in the International Public Speaking Competition in London.TESOL China AssemblyOrganized by China Daily in partnership with TESOL International Association（Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages）, the TESOL China Assembly is a high-level international English Language Teaching （ELT）event in China. it aims to promote scholarship and cross-cultural understanding among English educators in China, and to enhance dialogue between China's ELT professionals with their peers worldwide.21. What's the main purpose of China Daily?A. To hold various branding events.B. To promote interpersonal communication.C. To combine print, online and mobile readership.D. To help people around the globe know China better.22. What do Vision China Lectures end Asia Leadership Roundtable have in common?A. They involve politicians and business persons.B. They focus on major issues facing China and the world.C. They provide a platform for public dialogue and communication.D. They discuss topics on developments and the future of China and the world.23. Where is the text probably from?A. A newspaper.B. A textbook.C. A website.D. A magazine.BThink you have a good grasp of English? Good. Read the six sentences below, then.Sentence 1: The old man the boat.Sentence 2: The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.Sentence 3: Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.Sentence 4: Fat people eat collects.Sentence 5: The man who hunts ducks out on weekends.Sentence 6: The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.Linguists（语言学家）call these "garden path sentences", which take you by the hand and lead you down a winding path to a dead end. Despite this, they're all grammatically correct. Let's see why.Sentence 1: The old man the boat.Besides sounding like a rejected Hemingway title, this sentence is indeed grammatically correct thanks to some well-placed homonyms—words that share the same spellings but have different meanings. Homonym I here is "old", used as a noun, meaning "old people"; homonym 2 is "man", used as a verb, meaning "to serve in/on". With that in mind, the sentence means "The old people serve on the boat".Sentence 2: The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.At first read, you'd think "is made of" is the main verb of this sentence. But it's not. The simplest form of this sentence is "The cotton grows in Mississippi"; confusingly, "clothing is made of" is used to tell us what cotton we're talking about. This sentence would make way more sense if written "The cotton that clothing is made of grows in Mississippi", but English allows us to remove certain conjunctions like "that", with its meaning maintained.Sentence 3: Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.The first half of this sentence is easy to catch. So when dealing with the other half, people usually follow the structure of the first half, and it'd be understood as "fruits fly like bananas". This is obviously unreasonable. Only when people rethink can they recognize the true meaning of the sentence. Therefore, such sentences manage to make people ignore the structure of the sentence itself, thus departing from its original meaning.Come on! Take a walk down the garden path with the rest of the sentences.24. What's the characteristic of "garden path sentences" according to linguists?A. Misleading but error-free.B. Accurate and plain.C. Improperly-worded and meaningless.D. Ungrammatical but comprehensible.25. Which word is an example similar to the homonym of "man" in sentence 1?A. "grows" in sentence 2.B. "eat" in sentence 4.C. "hunts" in sentence 5.D. "houses" in sentence 6.26. Which of the following correctly interprets "fruit flies like a banana" in sentence 3?A. "fruit flies" refers to a sort of insect.B. "flies" serves as the verb of the sentence.C. "flies like" explains what fruit is talked about.D. "like" has the same meaning as the "like" before it.27. What can be the troublemaker in sentence 4?A. The ill-placed verbs.B. The removal of "that".C. The grammar mistakes.D. The lack of noun behind "collects".CWhales are celebrated for being the largest and most intelligent creatures in the ocean. Now, biologists have discovered that they also capture（捕获）tons of carbon from the atmosphere, a service with an economic value of US S1 trillion for all the great whales, according to a new study published by the International Monetary Fund. The study points out that protecting whales, normally viewed as a human good, also has a monetary motivation."The carbon capture potential of whales is truly incredible," said the report. "Our conservative estimates put the value of the average great whale at more than US $2 million, and easily over US SI trillion for the current stock of great whales. " Whales absorb carbon in their bodies during their long lives, some of which stretch to 200 years. When they die, they sink to the bottom of the ocean, taking the carbon with them. According to the study, each great whale traps around 33 tons of carbon dioxide on average. A tree during the same period only contributes to 3 percent of the carbon absorption of the whale.Whale populations are today a smidgen of what they once were. It is estimated that there are slightly more than 1.3 million whales in the ocean, a quarter of their pre-whaling number of 4 to 5 million. Some species in particular, like the blue whale, are only 3 percent of what they used to be. "We can create financial methods to promote the restoration of the world's whale populations," said the report's authors. "Rewards could help those who pay significant costs as a result of whale protection."With the Paris Agreement coming into force next year and the effects of climate change ever more widespread, we must prevent the harm to whales. Researchers analyzed that unless new methods are put forward, it would take over 30 years to double the number of current whales, and several generations to return them to their pre-whalingnumbers. "Society and our own survival can't afford to wait this long," they said.28. What does the new study reveal about whales?A. They are money-makers for good.B. Their intelligence is unquestionable.C. They are a natural climate solution.D. Their survival is threatened by carbon.29. Why is a whale compared with a tree in paragraph 2?A. To indicate all matter regarding green efforts.B. To illustrate whales are friendly to the oceansC. To highlight whales' carbon capture potential.D. To emphasize the importance of tree planting.30. What can be inferred from what researchers said in paragraph 4?A. Climate change intensifies.B. Whale populations stay low.C Our survival is endangered. D. Whale protection is a priority.31. What is the most suitable title for the article?A. Protect whales to protect the planetB. How to restore whale populationsC. Live in harmony with ocean giantsD. Whales can guarantee our survivalDThe notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term "simulation hypothesis"（模拟假说）returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive（认知的）functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical（实证的）experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from "Is the universe a computer simulation?" to "Can we model the universe as a computer simulation?" Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors（隐喻）that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle（粒子）physics.Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the"computer simulation" metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.32. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?A. Make an assumption.B. Illustrate an argument.C. Give a suggestion.D. Justify a comparison.33. What does the phrase "contingent on" underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discovered by.34. As for Kant's argument, the author is___________.A. appreciativeB. doubtfulC. unconcernedD. disapproving35. It is implied in this passage that we should__________.A. compare the current models with the previous onesB. continue exploring the classical models in historyC. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulationD. turn simulations of the universe into realities up第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。