药学英语
药学英语上册考点整理
Introduction1、Pharmacy:①药学；②药店。
Pharmacodynamics(药物效应学)Pharmacology(病理学)Pharmacokinetic (药物代谢动力学)<ADME>Pharmaceutics(药剂学)2、Plural forms-a(-ae) : mocosa →mucosae formula →formulae(处方)-um(-a) : bacterium →bacteria spectum →spectra(光谱)-us(-i) : fungus →fungi coccus →cocci(球菌)4、Cell : basic living unit of structures & functions of the body①general cell structures & components②general mechanisms for changing nutritions to energy③deliver end products into their surrounding fluid④almost all have the ability to reproduceNotes:(1)WEBSITES:CDA. FDA. WHO.(2)ADME:Absorbtio(吸收) →Distribution(分布) →Mechanism(代谢) →Excretion(排出)(3)formula prescription recipe 中药处方UNIT 1 TEXT A1、Physiology(生理学):Phisiology isa the functions of living matter.It is concerned with how an organisn performs its varied activities.Pathology（病理学）:Pathoology is the science of disease.Pathophysiology(病理生理学):Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.2、人体组成分级、类别cells(细胞)→tissues(组织)→organs(器官)→organ systems(系统)→organism(人体)3、The principle types of tissuesepithecal(上皮组织) connective(结缔组织) nervous(神经组织) muscular(肌肉组织)4、Cardiovavascular system(心血管组织)①组成：1）the heart 心脏2）blood vessels 血管3）associated tissues 相关联的组织②心脏结构：four chambers,two atria(心房) and two venticles(心室).③血循环过程1）Pulmonary circuit(肺循环): The right ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air.2）Systemtic circuit(体循环): The left ventricles pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the rest of body to supply the tissues.5、Anabolism(合成代谢)Catabolism(分解代谢)6、内分泌和神经系统特点和区别：1）The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells. 2）The endocrine system secretes chemical agents,homones,which travel in the bloodstream to the cells upon which theyexert a regulary effect.7、Homeostasis （稳态）：①定义：1)The process of stabilization of the internal environment/2)Maintanance of relatively constant chemical/physical conditions of the internal environment[stabl e≠rigidity]②作用：Homeostasis regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable,constant condition of properties like temperature or pH.8、How to regulate the internal environment(one example)P5[Taking one example,the beating``````]Notes:Body Fluids 体液Extracellular fluid (ECF) 细胞外液→internal environment（内环境）Intracellular fluid (ICF) 细胞内液UNIT 3 TEXT B1、Antibiotic: chemical produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism.分类：①(?) 1）Antibacterial antibiotics(抗菌抗生素) 2）Antineoplastic antibiotics(抗癌抗生素)②1）cell wall inhibitors2）protein synthesis inhibitors3）folic acid inhibitors4）DNA synthesis inhibitors5）RNA synthesis inhibitors2、cross-infection(交叉感染)Super-infection(双重感染)3、不良反应：1）anaphylactic shock(过敏性休克)2）gastrointestinal disorder 肠胃失调；sore mouth 口腔溃疡；cramps 痉挛；diarrhea 腹泻；anal itch 肛痒UNIT 4 TEXT B1、Adverse drug reactions(ADR):unwanted effects caused by normal therapeutic does.2、Type A 和Type B 的区别1）Type A:①a consequence of the drug’s main pharmacological effect/predictable from pharmacological(药理学的) effect;②dose-related and usually mild;③usually due to incorrect dosage.2）Type B:①not predictable from the drug’s main pharmacological action;②not dose-related and severe with considerable mortality(死亡率);③The underlying pathophysiology (潜在的病理)of type B reactions is poorly if at all understood,and often has a genetic or immunological (免疫学的)basis;④occur infrequently(罕见的).3、Type C、D、E的概念Type C ：continuous reactions due to long-term drug useType D ：delayed reactionsType E ：end-of-use reactions3、Phase I/II/III Trials①Early(phase I/II) tials are important for assessing the tolerability and dose-response relationship of new therapeutic agents.②Phase III clinical trials can establish the incidence of common adverse reactions and relate this to therapeutic benefit. UNIT 5 TEXT B1、Lead compounds(先导物)①定义②特点2、Strategies in the Search for New Lead Compounds①②③④UNIT 7 TEXT B1、Controlled-release Technology 控释技术分类：①biodegradable polymers(可生物降解的聚合物);②maze escape(迷宫逃脱);③transmucosal delivery(透膜传递系统);④osmotic devices(渗透装置);⑤liposomes(脂质体)2、Liposomes 脂质体P1003、脂质体被机体视为外来入侵物应如何解决？P101UNIT 8 TEXT A1、Analysis chemistry(分析化学) is concerned with the chemical characterization of matter and the answers to two important questions:what is it qualitative and how much is it quantative.2、Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses[pl]区别：①Qualitative analyses deal with the identification of elements(元素),ions(离子),or compounds(化合物) present ina sample;②Quantitative analses deal with the determonation of how much of one or more constituents(成分) is present.4、P110(In comparing qualitative versus quantitative analysis``````)介绍分析化学的应用：奥运会对违禁药品(bannedsubstances)的检验等UNIT 10 TEXT A1、USP(the United States Pharmacopoeia)美国药典内容: ①drugs; ②biologics; ③medical devices(医疗器械);④dietary supplements(补充剂);⑤compounded preparations(联合用药).UNIT 11 TEXT A1、P161 (The package insert,by legal definition``````)2、P162(American Academy of Pediatrics``````)Off-label useUNIT 12 TEXT A1、Drug development aims to produce a novel therapeutic agent which is superior in efficacy to existing remedies andwhich causes less frequent or less severe adverse effects.2、Drug development strategies①Random screening(随机筛选)②molecular roulette(分子轮盘赌);③Minor structural cahnges in existing agents(在已有药物上做小的改变)④Programmed basic research with synthesis of specific chemical(有计划地研究特定化合物合成)⑤Clinical observation of drug action in practice(临床实验观察药物作用)3、LD50 : the dose that kills 50% of animals(半数致死量)ED50: the dose causing 50% of maximum pharmacological response(半数有效量)治疗指数Therapeutic index(Ti) = LD50/ED504、三致反应：teratogenic effect 致畸mutagenicity 致突变carcinogenicity 致癌5、Enteral(经肠的) oral — swallowingThe route of administration intramuscular(IM) 肌肉注射Parenteral（非经肠的）subcutaneous(SC) 皮下注射Intravenous(IV) 静脉注射Intraperitoneal(IP) 腹腔注射6、Experimental pharmacology(实验期药理学)mouse（小鼠）→rat（大鼠）→hare（兔子）→dog →monkeyTEXT B1、Clinical EvaluationPhase 1 : determine whether the drug can be given to man without serious symptoms or toxicity, and whether it has the desired(强烈的) pharmacological effects.Phase 2 : determine whether the new drug has the desired effect on patients with the appropriate disease.Phase 3 : progression to large scale clinical trials to determine how the new drug compares in clinical practice with existing remedies,and to establish its profile of action and frequency of adverse effects.Phase 4 : collect the information on low-frequency adverse effects.UNIT 14 TAXT A1、A good number of products found in the grocery or drug store are regulated by the FDA.(①food;②drugs;③cosmetics;④the use of radiological products;⑤all of these products are honestly and informatively labeled.)2、FDA’s goal is to ensure industry’s compliance with federal laws regulating products in commerce.UNIT 14 TAXT B1、FDA审评新药的根本原则：the benefits outweigh the risks(收益风险比)2、1938年法案：Providing evidence of safety before marketing was first required.(第一次规范性规定安全性证明)1962年法案：It was first required to show a drug’s effectiveness before marketing.(反应停事件为背景，药物上市前的有效性提出法案)2、新药研发Lead conpound →NCEs →animals →clinical trials →NDA新药申请：IND(investigational new drug application): before the clinical trialsNDA(new drug applications): after the phase III for marketing3、Review Time: always longer than 180 workdays.Average approval time is more like 2 years.4、Why the reviewer purge trade secrets from documents requested under the Freedom of Information Act?5、Priorities1)AIDS drugs; 2) drugs that offer a significant medical advance over existing therapies for any other disease.6、be approved for marketingFinal Actions: be approvable provided minor changes are madeBe not approvable because of major problemsIn the last case, the applicant can then amend or withdraw the NDA or ask for a hearing.7、”grandfathered”:most prescription and over-the-counter(OTC) drugs that were on the market before the Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act passed in 1938.That means they are allowed on the market without the stringent proof of safety and effectiveness required of later drugs.。
adversedrugreaction药学英语
2 Type D-delayed reactions (alkylating agents leading to carcinogenesis, or retinoid-associated teratogenesis )
3 Type E-end-of-use reactions such as adrenocortical insufficiency following withdrawal of corticosteroids, or withdrawal syndromes following discontinuation of treatment with clonidine, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants or beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists.
11
3 Factors involved in the Etiology of Adverse Drug Reactions Can Be Classified as Follows
1 patient factors Intrinsic: Age-neonatal, infant and elderly Sex-hormonal environment Genetic abnormalities Previous adverse drug reactions, allergy, atopy Presence of organ dysfunction-disease Personality and habits-alcoholic, drug addict, nicotine, compliance .
药学英语词汇
药学英语词汇药学英语词汇是药学领域中不可或缺的一部分。
它涵盖了许多不同的概念和术语，涉及药物的研发、生产、管理和使用等方面。
下面将介绍一些常用的药学英语词汇，并对其进行拓展说明。
1. Pharmacology (药理学): The study of how drugs interact with the body and how they produce therapeutic effects or side effects.2. Pharmaceutical (制药的): Relating to the production, development, and sale of drugs.3. Pharmacokinetics (药物动力学): The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body.4. Pharmacodynamics (药物动力学): The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body at the cellular and molecular level.5. Drug formulation (药物制剂): The process of developing the most suitable form of a drug for administration, such as tablets, capsules, or injections.6. Clinical trial (临床试验): A research study that tests the safety andeffectiveness of a new drug or treatment in humans.7. Drug interaction (药物相互作用): The effects that occur when two or more drugs are taken together, which can alter their individual therapeutic effects or cause adverse reactions.8. Adverse drug reaction (药物不良反应): Any harmful or unintended response to a drug, which may range from mild to severe.9. Pharmacist (药剂师): A healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about drugs, their uses, and their potential side effects, and who dispenses medications to patients.10. Prescription (处方): A written order from a healthcare provider fora specific medication, including dosage instructions and duration of treatment.11. Over-the-counter (OTC) (非处方药): Medications that can be purchased without a prescription, typically used to treat minor ailments and symptoms.12. Generic drug (仿制药): A medication that is equivalent to a brand-namedrug in terms of active ingredients, dosage form, strength, and route of administration, but is usually less expensive.13. Drug resistance (药物抗性): The ability of microorganisms or cancer cells to survive and multiply despite the presence of a drug, making the treatment less effective.14. Pharmacovigilance (药品监测): The science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems.15. Drug delivery system (药物输送系统): The technology or method by whicha drug is administered to the body, including oral, transdermal, inhalation, and intravenous routes.以上这些药学英语词汇不仅在医药领域中广泛使用，而且对于学习和理解药物的研发、使用和管理至关重要。
药学英语Unit4 Text A注释及译文
Unit FourText A The Scope of PharmacologyIn its entirety, pharmacology embraces the knowledge of the history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding, biochemical and physiological effects, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs. Since a drug is broadly defined as any chemical agent that affects living processes, the subject of pharmacology is obviously quite extensive.1.entirety [en'taɪərɪti:] n.整体,全面in its entirety作为一个整体2. compounding ['kɑmpaundiŋ] n.配料；组合；复合3. Mechanism ['mekənizəm] n. 机械装置；构造, 机制；办法, 技巧, 途径4. absorption [əb'sɔrpʃən] n.吸收；吸收过程；吸收作用；专注，专心致志；合并；同化5. distribution [,distri'bju:ʃən] n.分发, 分配；散布, 分布6. biotransformation [,baiəu,trænsfə'meiʃən] n.生物转化metabolism [mɪ'tæbə,lɪzəm] n.新陈代谢7. excretion [eks'kri:ʃən] n.(动植物的)排泄,排泄物8. therapeutic [,θerə'pju:tik] adj.治疗(学)的;疗法的；对身心健康有益的9. living ['liviŋ]adj.活(着)的；现存的, 在使用中的；逼真的, 生动的n.生计, 生存之道；生活方式整体而言，药理学包括药学发展的历史，药物的来源、理化性质、配伍，药物对机体的生化过程和生理功能的影响，药物的作用机制，药物的吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，药物的治疗作用和其他作用。
药学课程中英文名称
课程中英文名称：一、专业必修课1. 药物化学 (Medicinal Chemistry)2. 药理学 (Pharmacology)3. 药物分析 (Pharmaceutical Analysis)4. 药剂学 (Pharmaceutics)5. 天然药物化学 (Natural Medicinal Chemistry)6. 生药学 (Pharmacognosy)二、专业选修课1. 药学导论 (Introduction to Pharmaceuticals)2. 药学英语 (Pharmaceutical English)3. 药学文献检索与利用 (Searching Pharmaceutical Literatures)4. 色谱分析 (Chromatographic Analysis)5. 有机化合物光谱分析 (Spectra Analysis of Organic Compounds)6. 生物药剂学与药物动力学 (Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics)7. 港澳药事法规 (Pharmacy Law in Hong Kong and Macao)8. 临床医学概论 (Introduction to Clinical Medicine)9. 病理生理学 (Pathophysiology )10. 诊断学 (Clinical Diagnostics )11. 物理药剂学 (Dosage Form Science)12. 临床药物治疗学 (Drug Therapeutics )13. 药剂执业I (Pharmacy Practice I)14. 药剂执业II (Pharmacy Practice II)15. 药物合成反应 (Drug Synthetic Reactions)16. 计算机辅助药物设计 (Computer-Aided Drug Design )17. 细胞与分子生物学 (Cell and Molecular Biology)18. 生物技术药物学 (Biotech Drugs)19. 生物工程制药 (Biotech Drug Manufacture)20. 医药市场营销 (Marketing of Pharmaceuticals)21. 药物毒理学 (Toxicology of Drugs)22. 药物专利与新药申报 (Drug Patent and New Drug Application)23. 新药评价概论 (Introduction of New Drug Evaluation )。
(完整版)药学英语专业词汇
ppm浓度parts per million concentration
安全范围safety range
安全试验法innocuity test method
安全系统safety coefficient
安慰剂placebo
螯合剂chelating gent
磁性药物制剂magnetic medicinal preparations
大分子macromolecule
单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody
胆碱酯酶cholinesterase
当量equivalent weight
当量定律equivalent law
当量浓度normality
当量溶液normal solution
等张溶液isotonic solution
低聚糖oligosaccharides
低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein
滴定titration
滴定曲线titration curve
滴丸剂pill
递质transmitter
电解electrolyzation
电解质electrolyte
药学名词（中-英）
6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Janbon综合症Janbon's syndrome
PPB浓度parts per billion concentration
pphm浓度parts per hundred million concentration
过氧化物superoxide
含量均匀度content uniformity
药学英语单词
吸入给药
抗生素
32、 anticoagulant 抗凝剂
55、 vitamin 维生素
33、 anticonvulsant 抗惊厥剂
56、 institute for safe medications
34、 antidepressant 抗抑郁药
practices (ISMP)安全药物试验研究所
35、 antidiabetic 抗糖尿病
2、 Leukemia 白血病
41、 antihypertensive 降压药
3、 Chronic 慢性的
42、 anti-inflammatory 抗炎药
4、 Agonist 激动剂
43、 antineoplastic 抗肿瘤药
5、 Antagonist 拮抗剂
44、 antitussive 镇咳药
13、 make-up 化妆品
30、 powerful stimulant 强效兴奋剂
14、 availability 可用性
31、 mental disturbances 精神紊乱
15、 heroin(diacetylmorphine)
32、 hallucination 幻觉
咖啡因（二乙酰吗啡）
33、 epileptic fits 癫痫发作
57、 milliequivalent（mEq）毫当量
36、 antidiarrheal 止泻药
37、 antidiuretic 抗利尿剂
38、 antiemetic 止吐剂
二、 R&D of New Drugs
39、 antifungal 抗真菌剂
1、 Acute 急性的
40、 antihistamine 抗组胺药
药学英语词汇（PharmaceuticalEnglishVocabulary）
药学英语词汇（Pharmaceutical English Vocabulary）Pharmaceutical term (Chinese English)6- phosphate dehydrogenase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Janbon syndrome Janbon's syndromePPB concentration parts, per, billion, concentrationPPHM concentration parts, per, hundred, million, concentration PPH concentration parts, per, hundred, concentrationPpm concentration parts, per, million, concentration Security range safety rangeSafety test method innocuity test methodSecurity system safety coefficientPlacebo placeboChelating agent chelating, agentTarget cell target cellAlbumin microsphere preparation, albumin, microballoons Percentage concentration percentage concentrationSemisynthetic antibiotic, semisynthetic, antibioticsHapten hapteneThe median lethal dose was half, lethal, dose; median, lethal, dose, LD50;Half-life half-life period; half life timeCoated tablets coated, tabletFilm clothing film-coatingSaturated solution saturated, solutionBecquerel BecquerelPassive immunity, passive, immunityPassive transport of passive transportDisintegration rate disintegrationDisintegrating agent disintegrantsEssential amino acids essential, aminoacidEssential fatty acids essential, fatty, acidAllergy; allergy; allergic; reactionSurface active surface activitySurface tension surface, tensionGamma ray gamma raysComplement complementComplement system complement, systemAdverse reactions were adverse, reactionIncomplete antigen incomplete, antigenLiniment linimentsLong term toxicity test long, term, toxicity, test Long acting preparations prolonged, action, preparation The hepatic circulation enterohepatic, circulationEnteric controlled release tablets enteric, controlled, release, tabletsEnteric coated enteric coatingPrescription prescription; recipePenetration enhancer penetration, enhancersMagnetic controlled release preparations magnetic, controlled, release, dosage, formMagnetic drug formulations magnetic, medicinal, preparationsMacromolecule macromoleculeMonoclonal antibody monoclonal antibodyCholinesterase cholinesteraseEquivalent equivalent weightEquivalent law equivalent lawEquivalent concentration normalityEquivalent solution normal, solutionIsotonic solution isotonic, solutionOligosaccharide oligosaccharidesLow density lipoprotein low, density, lipoproteinTitration titrationTitration curve titration curveDropping pill pillTransmitter transmitterElectrolytic electrolyzationElectrolyte electrolyteTincture tinctureDirected drug formulations directed, pharmaceutical, preparationsToxicology toxicologyToxicity was toxic, response, toxic, reaction;Short-term carcinogenicity experiments short, term, carcinogenic, testFor the treatment of etiological treatmentEnantiomer antipodeSymptomatic treatment with symptomatic treatmentMultifunctional enzyme multifunctional enzymeMulti dose administration of multiple, dose, and AdministrationPolysaccharide polyosePolypeptide polypeptideCatecholamine catecholamineDouble infection, superinfectionFermentation fermentationLegal prescription Official FormulaAromatic compound aromatic, compoundRadiation toxicology, radiotoxicology Radiopharmaceutical radiopharmaceuticsNon essential amino acids non-essential, amino, acid Non depolarizing muscle relaxant nondepolarizer Molecular disease molecular diseaseMolecular solution molecular, solutionMolecular biology, molecular, biologyMolecular pharmacology, molecular, pharmacology Prosthetic group prosthetic groupExcipient excipientsCoenzyme coenzymeSide effects side, effectAdditive additiveDesiccant desiccant; drying agentLiver first pass effect first, pass, effect, of, heparReceptor receptorGao Min's sex hyperreactivityIndividual differences in individual, differences, individual, variation;人工免疫人工免疫人种药理学生物学日内瓦命名法日内瓦命名溶剂溶剂；溶剂溶解溶解；溶解溶菌酶溶菌酶溶血溶血溶质溶质三羧酸循环三羧酸循环杀菌活性杀菌活性杀菌作用杀菌效果身体依赖性身体依赖性神经毒素神经毒素肾上腺素能神经肾上腺素能神经肾上腺素能受体肾上腺素能受体渗透压渗透压生长曲线生长曲线生物胺生物胺生物半衰期生物半衰期生物化学生化生物碱生物碱生物利用度生物利用度生物统计学生物；生物生物药剂学生物制药生物制品生物制品生药药材时辰药理学时辰药理学时间感受性时辰感受性时间治疗时辰时效关系时间效应关系时值时值时值；时滞滞后时间世界卫生组织世界卫生组织；谁噬菌体噬菌体收敛药涩手性药物手性药物首过效应首过效应受体受体受体激动剂受体兴奋剂受体拮抗剂受体拮抗剂双盲法双盲法水解（作用）水解糖异生作用糖异生体表面积体表面积体积比浓度体积浓度体液体液体液免疫体液免疫天然抗体天然抗体天然抗原天然抗原天然免疫自然免疫天然药物药材；天然药物调剂学配药药房同位素同位素突变突变吞噬作用吞噬外毒素外毒素外消旋体总状花序完全抗原完全抗原王水王水；王水微粒体酶微粒体酶微量元素微量元素稳态血药浓度稳态血浆浓度物理药剂学物理药剂学吸入法吸入吸收速率常数吸收速率常数细胞免疫细胞免疫腺苷磷酸磷酸腺苷限制性剧药限制性剧药相对给药间隔相对剂量间隔相加作用加性效应；此外向靶给药靶向给药消除速率常数消除速率常数效价效力效价单位效价单位效价强度效力效应效应效应器效应效应物效应协定处方密码处方协同作用增效兴奋性兴奋序贯设计序贯设计悬浮液悬浮选择性选择性血管内给药血管内给药血管外给药血管外给药血浆等离子体血浆代用液血浆代用品血浆蛋白结合率血浆蛋白结合率血脑屏障血脑屏障血清血清血容量扩充剂血容量扩充剂血药浓度血药浓度血液凝固凝血血液制品血液制品亚急性中毒亚急性中毒；亚急性中毒亚硝酸盐中毒亚硝酸盐中毒眼用膜剂眼插入药-药物时间时半对数曲线半对数曲线药-时曲线药时曲线药峰浓度峰值药物浓度药峰时间峰值时间的药物药剂等效性制药等价药剂学药剂学药理学药理学药敏试验药物敏感试验药品负责期配发药品质量保证的生产日期药品管理法药品管理法药品批号药品批号药品使用期限制日期后生产使用的药物药品有效期截止日期；到期日期药品质量标准药品标准药物代谢药物代谢药物代谢酶药物代谢酶药物的体内过程药物的体内过程药物动力学模型动力学模型药物反应药物反应药物分布药物分布药物分析药物分析药物化学药物化学药物排泄药物排泄药物吸收药物吸收药物相互作用药物相互作用药物消除药物消除药物蓄积药物积累药物学药理学；中药药物遗传学遗传药理学药效动力学药效学药源性疾病药源性疾病乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱酯酶乙酰胆碱酯酶抑菌活性抑菌活性抑菌作用抑菌作用异构酶异构酶营养素养分硬膏剂石膏有效半衰期有效制止有效率有效率有效浓度有效浓度右旋糖葡萄糖右旋体右旋形式阈剂量阈剂量载体载体皂甙皂苷脂质体脂质体直肠给药直肠给药直线相关线性相关纸型片剂纸型片剂致癌实验致癌试验致癌物致癌物致畸试验致畸试验致畸物致畸致敏试验致敏试验致敏作用敏化致死量致死剂量；致死剂量制剂制备药剂学制剂学技术制药化学药物化学治疗等效（值）治疗等效治疗量治疗剂量治疗药物临测治疗药物监测；监测治疗指数治疗指数TI治疗作用治疗作用中毒中毒；中毒中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准对中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准中间体中间助滤剂助滤剂助溶剂助溶剂助悬剂悬浮剂自身免疫自身免疫组胺组胺最大耐受剂量最大耐受剂量；LDO最大无作用剂量最大无作用剂量；江户最小显著差数最小显著差异最小有效量最小有效剂量最小致死剂量最小致死剂量；MLD左旋糖果糖左旋体左旋形式佐剂佐剂。
药学英语单词
药学英语单词药学英语单词⼀、Pharmacology1、pharmacology 药理学2、drug 药物3、pharmacy 药房，制药业4、pharmacist 药剂师5、toxicology 毒理学6、drug actions 药物相互作⽤7、drug effect 药效8、desired effect 预期效果9、side effect 副作⽤10、adverse reaction 不良反应11、contraindication 禁忌症12、local effect 局部作⽤13、systemic effect 全⾝作⽤14、cumulation effect 蓄积作⽤15、oral administration ⼝服给药16、sublingual administration⾆下给药17、buccal administration⼝腔含化给药法18、inhalation administration吸⼊给药19、rectal administration 直肠给药20、vaginal administration阴道给药21、topical administration局部给药22、transdermal administration 经⽪给药23、parenteral administration胃肠外给药24、intradermal administration⽪内注射25、intramuscular administration肌⾁注射26、intravenous administration静脉注射27、subcutaneous administration⽪下注射28、analgesic 镇痛剂29、anesthetic ⿇醉剂30、antiarrhythmic 抗⼼律失常药物31、antibiotic(anti-infective)抗⽣素32、anticoagulant 抗凝剂33、anticonvulsant 抗惊厥剂34、antidepressant 抗抑郁药35、antidiabetic 抗糖尿病36、antidiarrheal ⽌泻药37、antidiuretic 抗利尿剂38、antiemetic ⽌吐剂39、antifungal 抗真菌剂40、antihistamine 抗组胺药41、antihypertensive 降压药42、anti-inflammatory 抗炎药43、antineoplastic 抗肿瘤药44、antitussive 镇咳药45、antiulcer agent 抗溃疡药46、antiviral agent 抗病毒剂47、beta blocker β-受体阻滞药48、bronchodilator ⽀⽓管扩张药49、hormone 荷尔蒙50、hypnotic 安眠药51、immunosuppressant 免疫抑制剂52、laxative 泻药53、lipid-lowering agent 降脂剂54、sedative 镇静剂，⽌痛药55、vitamin 维⽣素56、institute for safe medicationspractices (ISMP)安全药物试验研究所57、milliequivalent（mEq）毫当量⼆、R&D of New Drugs1、Acute 急性的2、Leukemia ⽩⾎病3、Chronic 慢性的4、Agonist 激动剂5、Antagonist 拮抗剂6、New chemical entity新化学实体7、Lead compound先导化合物8、Drug candidate候选药物9、In-vitro 在试管内10、In vivo 有活⼒的11、Synthesize 合成12、Supervise 监督，管理13、Authorize 批准，认可14、Double-blind 双盲15、Placebo 安慰剂/⽆效对照剂16、Indication 适应症17、Submission 投降，提交，服从18、Evolution of a new drug新药发展的历程19、drug development strategies新药研发的策略20、serendipity 意外发现，运⽓21、intuition 直觉22、roulette 轮盘赌23、staphylococci 葡萄状球菌24、penicillin 青霉素25、podophyllotoxin ⾜叶草毒素26、vincristine 长春新碱27、taxol 紫杉醇28、camptothecin 喜树碱29、molecular roulette 分⼦转轮30、minor structural changesin existing agents现有药物分⼦结构的细微修正31、programmed basic researchwith synthesis of specificchemicals对特定化合物的合成⽽制定的基础研究32、clinical observation of drug action in practice 使⽤中药物作⽤的临床观察33、berberine ⼩檗碱34、experimental pharmacology实验药理学35、subcellular particles 亚细胞粒⼦36、isolated tissue 离体组织37、perfused organs 灌注器官38、haematological ⾎液学的39、teratogenic 致畸的40、mutagenicity 诱变41、carcinogenicity 致癌性42、toxicological assessment毒物学监定43、rationale 基本原理三、drug dependence1、withdrawal 撤退，收回2、opiate 鸦⽚试剂3、cocaine 可卡因4、amphetamine 苯丙胺5、alcohol酒精6、barbiturate 巴⽐妥类7、cannabis ⼤⿇8、volatile solvents 挥发性⽓体9、psychic dependence精神成瘾性10、physical dependence⾝体成瘾性11、curiosity and wanting tobelong好奇和归属感12、psychiatric 精神病学的13、make-up 化妆品14、availability 可⽤性15、heroin(diacetylmorphine)咖啡因（⼆⼄酰吗啡）16、restlessness 躁动不安17、distress 悲痛18、nausea 恶⼼，晕船19、pyrexial 发热的，发烧的20、the possibility of over dosage可能吸⾷过量21、the frequent occurrenceof sepsis常发⽣败⾎症22、baby born to an addict成瘾者的⼩孩23、go to any length to想尽⼀切办法24、management 戒毒25、addicts must be registered成瘾者⼀定要登记在册26、methadone 美沙酮27、clonidine 可乐定28、the nasal septum ⿐隔膜29、appetite suppressor⾷欲抑制剂30、powerful stimulant 强效兴奋剂31、mental disturbances 精神紊乱32、hallucination 幻觉33、epileptic fits 癫痫发作34、resin 树脂，松⾹35、volatile solvent 挥发性溶剂36、euphoria 精神欢快37、detoxification and medically managed withdrawal去毒及医疗辅助下的撤去毒品38、long-term residential treatment 长期居家治疗39、short-term residential programs 短期居家治疗40、outpatient treatment门诊治疗41、individualized drug counseling 个性化毒品咨询42、group counseling集体咨询。
(完整版)药学英语专业词汇
（完整版）药学英语专业词汇一、药物分类及命名1. 抗生素（Antibiotics）青霉素（Penicillin）头孢菌素（Cephalosporins）大环内酯类（Macrolides）2. 抗病毒药物（Antiviral Drugs）抗流感病毒药物（Antiviral for Influenza）抗艾滋病病毒药物（Antiviral for HIV）3. 抗肿瘤药物（Anticancer Drugs）化疗药物（Chemotherapeutic Agents）靶向治疗药物（Targeted Therapy Drugs）4. 心血管系统药物（Cardiovascular Drugs）抗高血压药物（Antihypertensive Drugs）抗心绞痛药物（Antianginal Drugs）抗心律失常药物（Antiarrhythmic Drugs）5. 消化系统药物（Gastrointestinal Drugs）抗胃溃疡药物（Antigastric Ulcer Drugs）止泻药物（Antidiarrheal Drugs）泻药（Laxatives）6. 中枢神经系统药物（Central Nervous System Drugs）抗抑郁药物（Antidepressants）抗精神病药物（Antipsychotic Drugs）镇痛药物（Analgesics）二、药物剂型及给药途径1. 剂型（Dosage Forms）片剂（Tablets）胶囊（Capsules）注射剂（Injections）2. 给药途径（Routes of Administration）口服（Oral）肌内注射（Intramuscular）静脉注射（Intravenous）三、药物作用及不良反应1. 药物作用（Pharmacological Actions）抗菌作用（Antibacterial Action）抗病毒作用（Antiviral Action）镇痛作用（Analgesic Action）2. 不良反应（Adverse Reactions）过敏反应（Allergic Reactions）胃肠道反应（Gastrointestinal Reactions）肝脏毒性（Hepatotoxicity）四、药学专业英语词汇1. 药理学（Pharmacology）药物代谢（Drug Metabolism）药物动力学（Pharmacokinetics）药效学（Pharmacodynamics）2. 药剂学（Pharmaceutics）制剂工艺（Preparation Technology）药物稳定性（Drug Stability）药物质量控制（Drug Quality Control）3. 药物化学（Medicinal Chemistry）药物合成（Drug Synthesis）药物结构（Drug Structure）药物设计（Drug Design）本文档旨在帮助药学专业学生和从业者掌握药学英语专业词汇，提高专业英语水平，为学术交流和临床实践提供便利。
(完整版)药学英语专业词汇
药学名词（中-英）6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Janbon 综合症Janbon's syndromePPB浓度parts per billion concentration pphm 浓度parts per hundred million concentration PPH浓度parts per hundred concentration ppm 浓度parts per million concentration 安全范围safety range 安全试验法innocuity test method 安全系统safety coefficient 安慰剂placebo 螯合剂chelating agent 靶细胞target cell 白蛋白微球制剂albumin microballoons 百分浓度percentage concentration 半合成抗生素semisynthetic antibiotics 半抗原haptene 半数致死剂量half lethal dose ; median lethal dose; LD50 半衰期half-life period; half life time 包衣片coated tablet 薄膜衣film-coating 饱和溶液saturated solution 贝克勒尔Becquerel 被动免疫passive immunity 被动转运passive transport 崩解度disintegration 崩解剂disintegrants 必需氨基酸essential aminoacid 必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid 变态反应allergy; allergic reaction 表面活性surface activity 表面张力surface tension 丙种射线gamma rays 补体complement 补体系统complement system 不良反应adverse reaction 不完全抗原incomplete antigen 搽剂liniments 长期毒性实验long term toxicity test 长效制剂prolonged action preparation 肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation 肠溶控释片enteric controlled release tablets 肠溶衣enteric coating 处方prescription;recipe 穿透促进剂penetration enhancers 磁性控释制剂magnetic controlled release dosage form 磁性药物制剂magnetic medicinal preparations 大分子macromolecule 单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody 胆碱酯酶cholinesterase 当量equivalent weight 当量定律equivalent law 当量浓度normality 当量溶液normal solution 等张溶液isotonic solution 低聚糖oligosaccharides 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein 滴定titration 滴定曲线titration curve 滴丸剂pill 递质transmitter 电解electrolyzation 电解质electrolyte 酊剂tincture 定向药物制剂directed pharmaceutical preparations 毒理学toxicology 毒性反应toxic response; toxic reaction 短期致癌实验short term carcinogenic test 对因治疗etiological treatment 对映体antipode 对症治疗symptomatic treatment 多功能酶multifunctional enzyme 多剂量给药multiple dose administration 多糖polyose 多肽polypeptide 儿茶酚胺catecholamine 二重感染superinfection 发酵fermentation 法定处方official formula 芳族化合物aromatic compound 放射毒理学radiotoxicology 放射药剂学radiopharmaceutics 非必需氨基酸non-essential amino acid 非去极化型肌松药nondepolarizer 分子病molecular disease 分子溶液molecular solution分子生物学molecular biology 分子药理学molecular pharmacology 辅基prosthetic group 辅料excipients 辅酶coenzyme 副作用side effect 附加剂additive 干燥剂desiccant;drying agent 肝首过效应first pass effect of hepar 感受器receptor 高敏性hyperreactivity 个体差异性individual differences; individual variation 给药方案或给药速度dosage regimen or dose rate 给药间隔dosing interval 工业药剂学industrial pharmacy 共价键covalent bond 光量子light quantum 广谱抗生素broad-spectrum antibiotic 过滤filtration 过敏毒素anaphylatoxin 过敏性药物反应anaphylactic drug reaction 过氧化物superoxide 含量均匀度content uniformity 核糖核酸ribonucleic acid; RNA 核苷酸nucleotide 合并用药drug combination 合成药物synthetic drugs 合剂mixture 痕量元素trace element 化学分析chemical analysis 化学物理学chemical physics 化学消毒法chemical disinfection 化学药物治疗chemotherapy 环境药理学environmental pharmacology 基本药物essential drugs 基因gene 激活剂activator 激活作用activation 激素hormone 激素原prohormone 急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 己糖醇细胞毒剂cytotoxic hexitols 剂量dosage; dose 剂量或浓度的依存性dose or concentration dependency剂型dosage form 间接致癌indirect carcinogenesis 间歇灭菌法discontinuous sterilization 碱中毒alkalosis;alkali-poisoning 胶体溶液型药剂medical colloidal solution 嚼用片chewable tablets 酵解glycolysis 拮抗作用antagonism解毒作用detoxication介质mediator; transmitter; medium 精神依赖性psychic dependence 剧药powerful drug 绝对致死剂量absolute lethal dose; LD1004-^- 丄■丄-抗毒素antitoxin 抗菌谱antibacterial spectrum 抗体antibody 抗血清antiserum 抗药性resistance to drugs 抗原antigen 克当量gram-equivalent weight 克当量数gram-equivalent number克分子gram-molecule; gram-mol 克分子分数molar fraction克分子量gram molecular weight克分子浓度molar comcentratin; molal comcentration克原子gram-atom 控释制剂controlled release preparation口腔内给药oral administration快速耐受tachyphylaxis扩散diffusion 扩散系数coefficient of diffusion累积尿排泄曲线cumulative urinary excretion curves 累加效应additive effect类毒素anatoxin;toxoid 类固醇停药综合征steroid withdrawal syndrome 冷藏cold-storage 冷冻freezing;refrigeration 量子药理学quantum pharmacology临床药理学clinical pharmacology临床药学chlinical pharmacy 卤化物halogenide 埋植剂implants 慢通道slow pathway 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test; long term toxicity test 酶enzyme 酶原proenzyme 免疫抑制剂immunosuppressant;immuno inhibitor 免疫原性immunogenicity 免疫增强剂immunoenhancement 敏感性sensitivity 摩尔mole 摩尔分数浓度mol fraction concentration 摩尔分子体积molar volume;mole volume 摩尔浓度molarity 默克索引the Merck index 耐受性tolerance 耐药性drug tolerance 内毒素endotoxin 内毒素鲎试剂测定法Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay for endotoxin 内消旋体mesomer 浓度concentration 皮肤、粘膜表面给药skin and mucocutaneous administration 片剂硬度tablet hardness 气凝胶aerogel 气溶胶aerosol 气体分析gas analysis 气雾剂aerosol 前体药物prodrug 鞘内注射intrathecal injection 全酶与辅基holonzyme and prosthetic group 人工合成抗原artificial antigen 人工免疫artificial immunization 人种药理学ethnopharmacology 日内瓦命名法Geneva nomenclature 溶剂solvent; dissolvent 溶解dissolution; dissolving 溶菌酶lysozyme 溶血hemolysis 溶质solute 三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle 杀菌活性bactericidal activity 杀菌作用bactericidal effect 身体依赖性physical dependence 神经毒素neurotoxin 肾上腺素能神经adrenergic nerve 肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor 渗透压osmotic pressure 生长曲线growth curve生物胺biogenic amine 生物半衰期biological half life 生物化学biochemistry 生物碱alkaloid 生物利用度bioavailability 生物统计学biometrics;biometry 生物药剂学biopharmacy 生物制品biological product 生药crude drugs 时辰药理学chronopharmacology 时间感受性chronosusceptability 时间治疗chronotherapy 时效关系time -effect relationship 时值chronaxia;chronaxy 时滞lag time 世界卫生组织World Health Organization; WHO 噬菌体bacteriophage 收敛药astringent 手性药物chiral drug 首过效应first -pass effect 受体receptor 受体激动剂receptor stimulant 受体拮抗剂receptor antagonist 双盲法double -blind technique 水解（作用）hydrolysis 糖异生作用gluconeogenesis 体表面积body surface area 体积比浓度volume by volume concentration 体液body fluid 体液免疫humoral immunity 天然抗体natural antibody 天然抗原natural antigen 天然免疫natural immunity 天然药物crude drugs; natural drugs 调剂学dispensing pharmacy 同位素isotope 突变mutation 吞噬作用phagocytosis 外毒素exotoxin 外消旋体raceme 完全抗原complete antigen 王水aqua regia; nitrohydrochloric acid 微粒体酶microsomal enzyme 微量元素trace element稳态血药浓度steady state plasma concentration 物理药剂学physical pharmaceutics 吸入法inhalation吸收速率常数absorption rate constant 细胞免疫cellular immunity 腺苷磷酸adenosine phosphate 限制性剧药restrictive holagogue 相对给药间隔relative dosage interval 相加作用additive effect; addition 向靶给药targetable drug delivery 消除速率常数elimination rate constant 效价potency 效价单位potency unit 效价强度potency 效应effect 效应器effector 效应物effector 协定处方cipher prescription 协同作用synergism 兴奋性excitability 序贯设计sequential design 悬浮液suspension 选择性selectivity 血管内给药intravascular administration 血管外给药extravascular administration 血浆plasma 血浆代用液plasma substitute 血浆蛋白结合率plasma protein binding ratio 血脑屏障blood -cerebral barrier 血清serum血容量扩充剂blood volume expander 血药浓度blood concentration 血液凝固blood coagulation 血液制品blood products 亚急性中毒subacute intoxication;subacute poisoning 亚硝酸盐中毒nitrite poisoning 眼用膜剂ocular inserts 药—时半对数曲线semi-logarithmic curve of drug -time 药—时曲线drug-time curve 药峰浓度peak concentration of drug 药峰时间peak time of drug 药剂等效性pharmaceutical equivalence 药剂学pharmaceutics 药理学pharmacology药敏试验drug sensitive test药品负责期allotted date of drug quality ensuring by manufacturer 药品管理法drug administration law 药品批号drug batch number药品使用期limit date of using a drug after its production 药品有效期expiry date; date of expiration 药品质量标准drug standard 药物代谢drug metabolism 药物代谢酶drug metablic enzyme 药物的体内过程intracorporal process of drugs 药物动力学模型pharmacokinetics model 药物反应drug reaction 药物分布drug distribution 药物分析pharmaceutical analysis 药物化学pharmaceutical chemistry 药物排泄drug excretion 药物吸收drug absorption 药物相互作用drug interaction 药物消除drug elimination 药物蓄积drug accumulation 药物学pharmacology; materia medica 药物遗传学pharmacogenetics 药效动力学pharmacodynamics 药源性疾病drug-induced diseases 乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase 抑菌活性bacteriostatic activity 抑菌作用bactriostasis 异构酶isomerase 营养素nutrient 硬膏剂plaster 有效半衰期effective halt 有效率effective rate 有效浓度effective concentration 右旋糖dextrose 右旋体dextrorotatory form 阈剂量threshold dose 载体carrier 皂甙saponins 脂质体liposome 直肠给药rectal administration 直线相关linear correlation 纸型片剂oral medicaed soluble paper 致癌实验carcinogenic test致癌物carci nogen致畸试验teratogenic test致畸物teratogen致敏试验sensitization test致敏作用sensitization致死量fatal dose; lethal dose希9剂preparation制剂学tech no logy of pharmaceutics制9药化学pharmaceutical chemistry治疗等效(值) therapeutic equivale nee治疗量therapeutic dose治疗药物临测therapeutic drug mon itori ng; TDM治疗指数therapeutic index TI治疗作用therapeutic action中毒intoxication; poisoning中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China 中间体in termediate 助滤剂filter aid助溶剂complex solubilizer助悬剂suspe nding age nt自身免疫autoimmunity组胺histamine最大耐受剂量maximal tolerable dose; LDO 最大无作用剂量maxial non effective dose; EDO 最小显著差数least sig nifica nt differe nee 最小有效量minimal effective dose 最小致死剂量mi ni mal lethal dose;MLD 左旋糖levulose左旋体levorotatory form佐剂adjuvantNew words and expressions(1)bioavailability 生物利用度pharmaceutics 药剂学solution ■-L 八溶液剂suspe nsion 混悬剂suppository 栓剂excipie nt 1n.赋形剂；辅料dis in tegratio n n.崩解dis in tegrate【' "''】v.崩解dis in tegrati on test崩解时限检查dissolution 汀-二_溶出度，溶出absorption ■兀门.吸收permeation '丁二匕-■-二：n.浸透,透过pharmacopeia; pharmacopoeia 工：乔迟匚- the United States pharmacopoeia, USP,美国药典British pharmacopoeia, BP,英国药典Pharmacopoeia of the People ' s Republic of ChhPa 中国药典exempt 免除~ from 免除troch 锭齐Utablet n.片剂coati ng w-Tl 二包衣plain coated tablet 普通包衣片sustained release; prolonged action; repeat action 缓释palpably ' ad.摸得出地；明显的buccal 口腔的,口含的subli ngual 舌下的granule 片:（颗）粒quality control质量控制；质控systemic absorpti on 全身吸收stagnant 静止的，停滞的，不流动的stag nant layer 静止层partition 分配kinetics WE $动力学kin etic en ergy 动能con sta n「常数，常量，恒量coefficie nt 系数formulation --皐：剂型，制剂aggregate '葢二.二i v.聚集,凝聚aggregation *二-八n.聚集物，凝聚体investigator •n.研究者,调查者diffuse 扩散equatio n 方程式medium九-人-弓九介质solute 匚溶质geometric几何学的,几何图形的solubility F-二「…二溶解度，溶解性ionizable wSH-■可解离的，可电离的free 土:游离的manipulation ：二二匚-兀.皐：操作，处理,控制an hydrous 叙■二乙匚：无水的hydrous '亠二含水的，水合的crystalline以-匸二三-■'■晶状的，水晶的crystalline form 晶型polymorph 多晶型amorphous uF 次无定形的identical二亠同一的，相同的,相等的rigid二上-二硬质的，坚硬的thermodynamically 热力的，热力学的suspe nding age nt 助悬剂viscosity 粘性，粘度vehicle 介质，载体lubrica nt 润滑剂magn esium 镁stearate■ ■硬脂酸盐，硬脂酸酯repel儿匚巳-击退，拒绝，排斥surfacta nt * 表面活性剂Surface Ten sio n 表面张力micelle ' 胶束，胶团sodium钠bicarbo nate 碳酸氢盐aspiri n n.阿斯匹林alkaline尖-五冷』碱的，强碱的，碱性的adjace nt九罗"匚靠近的，邻近的~ to接近water soluble 水溶（性）的fine '细的precipitate " 析出，沉淀collective s 聚集的，集合的disperse九 e三分散complex处忙二巳衣复合物tetracycline仁刊口丘丄二1 托二刁sU：:①四环素carb on ate 二二n.碳酸盐vitro（活）体外,试管内vivo（活）体内dissolution Q污--：一皐：溶出度dissolution test 溶出试验dissolution apparatus 溶出仪dissoluti on vessel 溶出杯aqueous ：水的，水性的specificati on【1求,说明书variation “曲二波动，变化dosage form 剂型phosphate n.磷酸盐buffer ;缓冲,缓冲液simulated a.模拟的simulated gastric juice 人工胃液simulated in test inal juice 人工肠液labelled amount 标示量hydrochloric acid, HCI ：：更二匸丁・盐酸pharmacy（o）-药的，药学的pharmacist 药剂师pharmacy 药学pharmaceutics 药剂学pharmacology 药理学pharmacod yn amics 药效学pharmacok in etics 药物动力学常用的药学英语词汇Half life 半衰期Handerson-Hasselbach公式解离状态、pkc、ph的关系Hard capsules 硬胶囊剂Hardness 硬度HCO 氢仪蓖麻油HEC 羟乙基纤维素HEMA 甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯HES 羟乙基淀粉Heywood diameter Dh,投影面积圆相当径Higuchi 方程希古契方程Host molecules 主分子HPC 羟丙纤维素HPC 羟丙纤维素HPMA 羟丙甲丙烯酸甲酯HPMC 羟丙甲基纤维素HPMC 羟丙甲基纤维素HPMC 羟丙甲纤维素HPMC 羟丙甲基纤维素HPMC 羟丙甲纤维素HPMCAS 醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯HPMCAS 醋酸羟丙甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯HPMCAS 醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯HPMCP 羟丙甲基纤维素酞酸酯HPMCP 羟丙甲纤维素酸酯HPMCP 羟甲基纤维素酞酸酯HPMCP (HP-50, HP-55) 羟丙甲纤维酸酯Humidity 湿度Hydration of stratum corneum 角质层的水化作用Hydrogel 水性凝胶Hydrophile-lipophile balance 亲水亲油平衡值Hydrotropy 助溶Hydrotropy agent 助溶剂Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 羟丙甲纤维素Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 羟丙甲纤维素酞酸醋Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) 羟丙基纤维素Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) 羟丙纤维素Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose HPMC 羟丙甲基纤维素Hygroscopicity 吸湿性Hypodermic tablets 皮下注射用片ICH 国际协调会议ICH 国际协调会议IDDS 植入给药系统IEC 离子交换色谱法IEF 等电点聚焦Immobile liquid 不可流动液体Impact 冲击力Impact mill 冲击式粉碎机Implant tablets 植入片Inclusion compound 包含物Industrial pharmaceutics 工业药剂学Infusion solution 输液Injection 注射液In-liquid drying 液中干燥法(乳化－溶剂挥发法)Interface polycondensation 界面缩聚法intra -arterial route 动脉内注射Intradermal (ID) route 皮内注射Intramuscular (IM) route 肌肉注射Intravenous (IV) route 静脉注射Intrinsic dissolution rate 特性溶出速率Intrinsic solubility 特性溶解度Inverse targeting 反向靶向Iontophoresis 离子渗透法IR 红外Isoelectric focus ing IEF 等电点聚焦Isoosmotic solution 等渗溶液Isopropylpalmitate 异丙酸棕榈酯Isostearylisostearate 异硬脂酸异硬酯Isotonic solution 等张溶液Isotonic solution 等张溶液Journal of Drug Targeting 药物靶向杂志Kick 学说粗粉碎(体积)Krafft point 对离子型表面活性剂而言Krummbein diameter 定方向最大径Lactic acid 乳酸Lactose 乳糖Lag time 滞留时间Large unilamellar vesicles 大单室脂质体Laurocapam 月桂氮草酮Length basis 长度基准L-HPC 低取代羟丙基纤维素L-HPC 低取代羟丙基纤维素Limulus lysate test 鲎试验法Liniments 搽剂Liposomes 脂质体Liquid immersion method 液浸法Liquid injection 无针液体注射器Liquid paraffin 液体石蜡Liquid paraffin 液体石碏Long-circulating liposome 长循环脂质体Long-circulating liposomes 长循环脂质体Long-term testing 长期试验Loo-Rigelman 方程双宝血药浓度－吸收率换算Lotions 洗剂Lubricants 润滑剂Lubricants 润滑剂LUVs 大单宝脂质体Martin diameter 定方向等分径Mass basis 质量基准Matrix type 骨架型Matrix -diffusion type TTS 胃架扩散型TTSMaximum additive concentration MAC 最大增溶浓度MC 甲基纤维素MC 甲基纤维素MC 甲基纤维素MCC 微晶纤维素Mechanical interlocking bonds 粒子间机械镶嵌Medicinal liquor 酒剂Melt -homogenization 熔融－匀化法Membrane wall 表膜壁壳Membrane -moderated type TTS 膜控释型TTSMethyl acrylate -methacrylate co 甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯Methylcellulose (MC) 甲基纤维素Methylcellulose (MC) 甲基纤维素Micellar emulsion 胶团乳Micelle 胶束Microcapsules 微表Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 微晶纤维素Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 微晶纤维素Microemulsion 微乳Microemulsion 微乳Microencapsulation 微型包表术、微表化Micromeritics 粉体学Microreservoir -type TTS 微贮库型Microscropic method 显微镜法Microspheres 微球microstreaming 超微束Minitablet 小片Mixing 混合Mixtures 合剂MLVs 多室脂质体MMA 甲基丙烯酸甲酯Moistening agent 润湿剂Moisture absorption 吸湿性Molecular capsules 分子囊Multilamellar vesicles 多宝脂质体Multilayer tablets 多层片Multiorfice -centrifugal process 多孔离心法Myrij 聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯Myrj 卖泽、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸醋Nacent soap method 新生皂法Nanocapsule 纳米囊Nanocapsules 纳米囊Nanoemulsion 纳米乳Nanoemulsion 纳米乳Nanoliposomes 纳米脂质体Nanoparticles 纳米粒Nanosphere 纳米球Nanospheres 纳米球Naonparticle 纳米粒Nasal drops 滴鼻剂Newtonian equation 牛顿粘度定律Newtonian fluid 牛顿流体Niosomes 类脂质体，泡囊Nonbound water 非结合水分Nonionic surfactant vesicles 非离子表面活性剂囊泡Non-newtonian flow 非牛顿流动Non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体Nonprescription drug 非处方药Noyes-Whitney 方程溶出速度方程NP -吡咯酮Nucleation theory 成核作用理论OCDDS 口服结肠定位释药系统OCDDS 口服定时(择时)给药系统Ointments 软膏剂Opitical isomerization 光学异构ORD 旋光色散Orthologonal design 区交设计Osmotic pressure 渗透压OSSDDS 口服定位释药系统Ostwald freundlich 方程结晶增长Over the counter (OTC) 非处方药Oversize distribution 筛上分布PA 磷脂酸PACA 聚氧基丙烯酸烷酯Packing fraction 充填章Paints 涂剂Paints 涂膜剂Pan coating 锅包衣法Paraffin 石蜡Particle size distribution 粒度分布Partition coefficient （P）分配系数Passive targeting preparation 被动靶向制剂Patch 贴剂PB 聚丁烯PBCA 聚氰基丙烯酸丁酯PCS 激光散射光潽PE 聚乙烯PE 聚乙烯Peel tack test 剥离快转力实验PEG 聚乙二醇PEG 聚乙二醇PEG 聚乙二醇PEGEG PEG修饰的磷脂酰乙醇胺Pendular state 钟摆状Penetration enhancers 经皮吸收促进剂PEO 聚氧乙烯PEO 聚氧乙烯PEO 聚氯乙烯Peregol O 聚氧乙烯（15）油醇醚Perogol O 聚氧乙烯（15）与油醇缩合PET 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PG 丙二醇PGA 聚乙醇酸Pharmaceutical engineering 制剂学Pharmaceutical manufacturing 制剂Pharmaceutical preparation 药物制剂Pharmaceutics 药剂学Pharmacia 淀粉微球Pharmacokinetics 药物动力学Pharmacological availability 药理利用度Pharmacopoeia 药典Phase inversion critical point 转相临界点Phase separation 相分离法（物理化学法）Phase transition temperature 相转变湿度Phase volume ratio 相比Phonophoresis 超声波法Photodegradation 光化降解PHPMA 聚羟丙甲丙烯酸甲酯Physical and chemical T P 物理化学靶向制剂Physical approach 物理学方法Physical pharmaceutics 物理药剂学PIB 聚异丁烯类压敏胶PiBCA 聚氰基丙烯酸异丁酯PiBCA 聚氰基丙烯酸异丁脂PLA 聚乳酸PLA 聚乳酸PLA 聚乳酸PLA/PGA, PLGA 聚酸酯乙交酯PLA-PEG 聚乳酸聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物Plastic deformation 塑性变形Plastic viscosity 塑性粘度Plastisity 塑性PLGA 聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚物PLGA 酸酯乙交酯共聚物PLGA 聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚物PMMA 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Poiseuile 公式过滤时液体的流动Poloxamer (plurnic) 聚氧乙烯－聚氧丙烯共聚物Poloxamer 188 (plurnic F68) 泊洛沙姆188(普郎尼克F68) Poloxamer 188 (pluronic F68) 泊洛沙姆、普郎尼克Poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F68) 泊洛沙姆188(普郎尼克F68) Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) 聚丙交酯-乙交酯POLYACRYLICRESIN 聚丙烯酸树酯Polyalkylcyano-acrylate 聚氰基丙烯酸烷酯Polydiethylene terephthalate 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯Polyethylene 聚乙烯Polyethylene (PEG) 聚乙二醇Polyethyle ne glycol PEG 聚乙二醇Polyethylene glycol 聚乙二醇Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 聚乙二醇Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 聚乙二醇Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 聚乙二醇Polymerization 聚合Polymers in pharmaceutics 药用高分子材料学Polymethyl methacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Polymorphism 多晶型Polymorphism 多晶型Polyoxyethylene 聚氧乙烯Polyoxyl 40 stearate (Myri52) S-40 聚氧乙烯( 40)单硬脂酸酯Polypropylene 聚丙烯Polysorbate 聚山梨酯Polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 聚乙烯醇Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯Polyvi nylpyrrolidi ne PVP 聚维酮Polyvinylpyrrolidone 聚维酮Porosity 空隙率Porosity 空隙率Povidone 聚乙烯比咯烷酮Powder injection 无针粉未注射器Powders 散剂PP 聚丙烯PP 聚丙烯Preformulation 处方前工作Pregelatinized starch －淀粉、预胶化淀粉、可压性淀粉Preservative 防腐剂Pressure sensitive adhersive 压敏胶Pressure-sensitive tape council 剥离实验Prickle cell layer 棘层Primary particle 一级粒子Prodrug 前体药物propellents 抛射剂Propylene glycol 丙二醇Propylene glycol (PG) 丙二醇PS(phosphatidylserine) 磷脂酰丝氨酸PSA 压敏胶Pseudo steady state 伪稳态Pseudoplastic flow 假塑性流动PSTC 剥离实验Pulsed/pulsatile release 脉冲释药PVA 聚乙烯醇PVA 聚乙絺醉PVAP 聚乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯PVP 聚维酮PVP 聚维酮PVP 聚维酮PVP (PVPk15, PVPk30, PVPk90)聚维酮PVPP 交联聚乙烯比咯烷酮PVPP(交联PVP) 交联聚维酮Pycnometer 比重瓶Pyrogen 热原QOL 生命质量Quasi-viscous flow 假粘性流动Racemization 外消旋化作用Raman 拉曼Random floc 不规则絮凝物Raoult 定律拉乌尔定律rapid expansion of supercritical S RESSRate of shear 剪切速度、切速率、速度梯度Receptor cell 接收宝Relative humidity RH 相对湿度Relative humidity (RH) 相对湿度Response surface methodology 效应面优化法RESS 超临界溶液快速膨胀技术Retardants 阻滞剂Reverse osmosis 反渗透Rheology 流变学Rittinger 学说细粉碎(表面积)Rolling ball tack test 滚球试验RP-HPLC 反相高效液相色潽法Rubbing 研磨力Rumpf 湿法制粒机理SA 硬脂酰胺Safety 安全性Safflower 藏红花油SDB-L-400 交联聚丙烯酸钠SDS, SLS 十二烷基硫酸钠SDSPAGE SDC-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶SEC 分子排阻色潽法Second particle 二级粒子SEDDSs 自乳化药物传递系统Sedimentation method 沉降法Sedimentation rate 沉降容积比Self-adjusted system 自调式释药系统SEM 扫描电镜Sensitization 敏化作用Settling velocity diameter 有效径SFDA SFDAShape factor 形状系数Shear mixing 剪切混合Shearing force 剪切应力、剪切力、切力Sievi ng diameter Da,筛分径Sieving method 筛分法Sieving method 筛分法Simple coacervation 单凝聚法Simplex method 单纯形优化法Single unilamellar vesicles 小单室脂质体Sink condition 漏槽Sink condition 漏槽状态Size exclusion chromatography SECSlurry state 泥浆汰Sodium carboxymethyl starch 羟甲基泛粉钠Sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) 十二烧基硫酸钠Sodium taurodihydrofusidate 牛磺双氢褐霉素钠Soft capsules 软胶囊剂Soft paraffin 软石蜡Solid bridges 粒子间固体桥Solid lipid nanospheres (SLN) 固体脂质纳米粒Solubility 溶解度Solubility parameter 溶解度参数Solubilization 增溶Solubilization 增溶Solubilization 增溶Solubilizer 增溶剂Solubilizer 增溶剂Solution tablets 溶液片Solutions 溶液剂Solvent-nonsolvent 溶剂－非溶剂法SOP 标准操作规程Soybean-derived sterol 大豆甾醇Span 跨距Span 失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯Span 80 油酸山梨坦Specific acid-base catalysis 专属酸碱催化Specific surface area 地表面积Specific surface area method 地表面积法Specific volume 松比客Spermaceti 鲸蜡Spirits 醑剂Spongia, spongc 海绵剂Spray congealing 喷雾凝结法Spray drying 喷雾干燥法SS 大豆留醇Stability 稳定性Starch 淀粉Starch glycolate (CMS-Na) 甘醇酸淀粉钠state food and drug administration SFDA STDHF 牛磺双氢褐毒素纳Sterility 无菌Sterilization 灭菌Sticky powder 粘性粉体Stocks diameter Stocks 径Stokes 定律沉降速度Stratum granulosum 粒层Stratum lucidum 透明层Stress 内应力Stress relaxation 应力缓和Stress testing 影响因素试验、强化试验Striping of stratum corneum 去除角质层Subcutaneous (SC) route 皮下注射Sublingual tablets 舌下片Subnanoemulsion 亚纳米乳Sugar 糖粉Sugar coated tablets 糖衣片Supercritical Fluid (SCF) 超临界流体(萃取)Suppositories 栓剂Surelease 乙基纤维素水分散体Surface basis 面积基准Suspending agents 助悬剂Suspensions 混悬剂Sustained release tablets 缓释片Sustained-release preparation 缓释制剂SUVs 小单宝脂质体Synergists 协同剂synthesis of bioconvertible Prod 生物转化前体药物的合成Synthesis of lipophilic analogs 脂质类物质的合成Synthesis of prodrugs 前体药物的合成Syrups 糖浆剂Tablets 片剂Tacking strength 快粘力Talc 滑石粉Tap density 振实密度Targeting drug system (TDS) 靶向给药系统TDDS 经皮传递系统TDDS 药物经皮传递系统TDDS 经皮传递系统TEM 透射电镜TEM 透射电镜Tensile strength (Ts) 抗张强度The technique of sterilization 灭菌技术Theory of depletion stabilization 空缺稳定理论Thermal energy 温热热能法Thixlotropy 础变性Thumb tack test 拇指实验Time clock 定时钟Time controlled explosive system 时控-突释系统Tincture 酊剂Tincture 酊剂Titer 抗体滴度Topochemical reactions 局部化学反应Toroches 口含片Transdermal therapeutic system 反向靶向Transfersome 传递体True density 真密度TTS 经皮治疗制剂Tween 聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯Under distribution 筛下分布Uniform design 均匀设计Uppsala 淀粉微球UV 紫外Vaginal tablets 阴道片Vander walls 力范德华力Vaselin 凡士林Vertebra caval route 脊椎腔注射viscoelasticity 粘弹性Viscosity 粘性。
(仅供参考)药学英语整理
药学英语一、Physiology and Pathology（P9）生理学与病理学（一）概念1、Physiology is the scientific study of function in living systems.（ppt）the study of how living organisms work.(书里)2、Pathology is a significant component of the causal study of disease and a major field in modern medical practice and diagnosis.(ppt)the science of disease,which deal with the studies of etiology, pathogenesis, morphologic structures, changes in functions and metabolism in the living organisms by means of natural science.(书里) 3、Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.a convergence of Pathology with Physiology4、etiology is the study of causation,or the origination of diseases.5、the pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism that causes the disease.6、inflammation is a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; (刺激）characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat. （红热胀痛）(二)思考题1.How do you understand pathology and pathophysiology?Pathology is the science of diseasePathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.2. what is the difference between etiology and pathogenesis?Etiology is the study of causation, or the origination of diseases.the pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism that causes the disease 3. Could you explain the symptoms and signs of a disease?symptoms of a disease(“症”): as certain biologic processes are encroached on(侵害) ,the patient begins to feel subjectively that something is wrong., These subjective feelings are called symptoms of disease.Symptoms are subjective and can be reported only by the patient to an observer.signs of a disease（“征”）：when manifestations of the disease can be objectively identified by an observer, these are terms signs of the disease.4、what is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis?the pathogenesis of tuberculosis would include the mechanisms whereby the invasion of the body by tubercle bacillus ultimately leads to the observed abnormalitiesBiochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms.二、Medicinal Chemistry药物化学(一)概念1、Medicinal chemistry(药物化学)is the science that deal with the discovery or design of new therapeutic chemicals and the development of these chemicals into useful medicine.2、Medicine（药品drug, pharmaceutics) is a compound that interacts with a biological system, and produces a biological response (ideally desired and positive)3、Therapeutic index（治疗指数）sure of the ratio of undesirable to desirable drug effects. Therapeutic index=LD50/ED50The larger the Therapeutic index, the greater the margin of safety of drug!4、LD50（半数致死量）:the lethal dose for 50% of the test animals5、ED50（半数有效量）:the effective dose that produces the maximum therapeutic effect in 50% of the test animals.6、Log P（脂水分配系数）is the base-ten logarithm of the partition coefficients (分配系数)7、Chirality（手征性）: a molecule is considered chiral if there exists another molecule that is of identical composition ,but which is arranged in a non-superposable mirror image.8、Bioisosteres(生物电子等排体): are substituents or groups that havechemical or physical similarities ,and which produce broadly similar biological properties.9、Bioisosterism(生物电子等排性) is a lead modification approach that has been shown to be useful to attenuate toxicity （降低毒性）,modify the activity of a lead （修饰活性）and may have a significant role in the alteration of metabolism of the lead.10、Prodrug（前药）is drug which is given (taken) in an inactive form. Once administered ,the prodrug is metabolized by the body into the biologically active compound.（二）知识点1、The difference of “good” and “bad” drugs:Depend on dosage and chronic exposure. and therapeutic index can be the measure of safety of drugs2、classification of drugsFour main groups:（1）B y biological effect---varied assortment of drugsanalgesics（止痛剂）,anti-asthmatics（平喘药）,antipsychotics（抗精神病药）etc.（2）B y chemical structure---common skeletonPenicillin （青霉素类）,opiates(阿片类药物) etc.（3）B y target system（靶向系统）----affect a target system(synthesis, release, receptor)antihistamine (抗组胺药)etc.（4）B y target site of action(作用靶点)—target enzyme or receptor Anti-cholinesterase (抗胆碱酯酶)3、Medicinal chemistry involves:(1)synthesis (2)structure-activity relationships(SAR)(3)receptor interactions(4)absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME)4、Medicinal chemistry cover 3 critical steps:● A discovery step●An optimization step● A development step5、important functional groups on drugs:(1)Alkanes&alkenes(烷烃和烯烃) (2)alcohol 醇（3）phenols 酚（4）ethers 醚（5）aromatic hydrocarbons 芳香化合物6、a drug usually has 3 names:（1）chemical (化学名)Mostly following rules by chemical abstracts service(CAS)One compound can only have one name（2）international non-proprietary names(INN,通用名)Convenient to remember ,needed when apply for registration, cannot be trade marked（商标）or patented(取得专利权)One compound can only have one name（3）commercial (商品名)Named by manufactures ,can be trade marked to protect the brand. One compound can have many different names7、prodrug strategies are used to overcome a variety of problems by:(1)Altering solubility 改变溶解度(2)Improving membrane permeability 提高细胞膜通透性(3)Slow release of the active agent 缓慢释放活性(4)Masking drug toxicity or side effects 掩蔽药物毒副作用三、Phytochemistry and Natural Products 天然药物化学和天然产物(一)概念1、Phytochemistry（天然药物化学）is in the strict sense of the study of phytochemicals, which are derived from plants. In a narrower sense the terms are often used to describe the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants.2、Primary metabolites(初级代谢产物): compounds that are common to many types of organisms, that fulfill basic biologicalfunctions(e.g.respiration 呼吸,photosynthesis光合作用,DNA replication ＤＮＡ复制)3、Secondary metabolites（次级代谢产物）：compounds that are not essential to daily ,common metabolism of cells and individual organisms. Instead, these compounds are unique to certain taxa and fulfill secondary functions ,often involved in signaling between organisms (e.g.mate recognition配偶识别, chemical defense化学防御, chemotaxis 趋化作用)4、natural products: a natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism found in nature.（Primary metabolites & Secondary metabolites）（二）知识点1、summary:●natural products are compounds synthesized by living organisms,usually organic molecules with 5-100 carbons●natural products can be primary or secondary metabolites●secondary metabolites are produced via enzymatic pathways fromprimary metabolic building-blocks2、how to get natural products?/the process to purify natural products?(1)Plant collection植物采集(2)Extraction萃取(3)Fractionation分馏(4)Isolation分离(5)Structural determination 结构测定（UV，IR，MS,NMR）3、Journals in Phytochemistry and Natural Products Chemistry:●Journal of Natural Products 天然产物杂志●Phytochemistry●Journal of Ethnopharmacology 民族药物学杂志●Planta Medica 天然药物学会志（欧洲）●Phytochemical Analysis 植物化学分析●Chemical &Pharmaceutical Bulletin 化学与药学通报（日本）Review journals 综述期刊●Natural Product Reports 天然产物报告●Phytochemistry Review四、biochemistry 生物化学1、What is the goal of biochemistry？The basic goal of the science of biochemistry is to determine how the collections of inanimate molecules （无生命的分子）that constitute living organisms interact with each other to maintain and perpetuate life.（延长生命）2、Macromolecules（生物大分子）that constitute living organisms include proteins, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and polysaccharides.3、20种氨基酸：1、丙氨酸Alanine/Ala/A2、半胱氨酸Cysteine/Cys/C3、天冬氨酸Asparticacid/ Asp /D4、谷氨酸Glutamic acid/Glu/E5、苯基丙氨酸Phenylalanine/Phe/F6、甘氨酸glycine/Gly/G7、组氨酸Histidine/His/H 8、异亮氨酸Isoleucine/Ile/I9、赖氨酸Lysine/Lys/K 10、亮氨酸Leucine/leu/L11、蛋氨酸Methionine/Met/M 12、天冬酰胺Asparagine/Asn/N 13、脯氨酸Procine/pro/P 14、谷氨酰胺Glutamine/Gln/Q 15、精氨酸Arginine/Arg/R 16、丝氨酸Serine/Ser/S17、苏氨酸Threonine/Thr/T 18、缬氨酸Valine/Val/V19、色氨酸Tryptophan/Try/W 20、酪氨酸Tyrosine/Tyr/Y五、Microbiology 微生物学1、Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa,virus and some types of algae, which encompass various sub-disciplines including virology, mycology, parasitology, bacteriology, and other branches.2、几位科学家的成就Bacteriology was found in the 19th century by Ferdinand CohnCohn was also the first to formulate the scheme for the taxonomic classification of bacterial and discover spores费迪南德∙科恩, Ferdinand Cohn德国博物学家和植物学家，以研究藻类、细菌和蕈类著称，被视为细菌学的创始者之一。
药学英语词汇汇总
药学英语词汇汇总药学英语词汇是药学领域中使用最广泛的术语和词汇。
以下是一些常见的药学英语词汇及其含义：1、Pharmaceutical：药物的，药学的2、Drug：药物，药品3、Medicine：药物，医学4、Dosage：剂量，配药5、Dose：剂量，投药量6、Route：给药途径7、Administration：给药，投药8、Inhalation：吸入9、Oral：口服的10、Rectal：直肠的11、Topical：局部的，外用的12、Transdermal：透皮吸收的13、Intravenous：静脉注射的14、Intramuscular：肌肉注射的15、Subcutaneous：皮下注射的16、Administration：（给药的）方式，（药物的）投药途径17、Controlled-release dosage form：控释剂型18、Drug interaction：药物相互作用19、Drug resistance：药物耐受性，耐药性20、Toxicity：毒性21、Side effect：副作用22、Overdose：用药过量23、Drug tolerance：药物耐受性，耐药性24、Pharmacokinetics：药物代谢动力学25、Pharmacodynamics：药效学，药物作用动力学26、Pharmacologist：药理学家，药学家27、Pharmacy technician：药房技术员，药剂师助理28、Prescription：处方，药方29、Non-prescription drug：非处方药30、Generic drug：非专利药品，仿制药31、Brand-name drug：品牌药，专利药品32、Formulation：配方，制剂33、Dosage form：剂量形式，剂型在高中英语的学习过程中，词汇的学习是至关重要的环节。
拥有足够的词汇量不仅可以提高阅读理解能力，还能增强写作和口语的表达。
药学英语知识点归纳
药学英语知识点归纳药学英语是指与药学相关的英语知识。
药学是研究药物的性质、合成、制备、分离、鉴定、药效、药代动力学以及其应用和临床评价的一门科学。
药学英语作为专业英语的一部分，主要包括药学常用词汇、句子结构、专业写作和专业交流等方面的内容。
1. 药学常用词汇在药学英语中，有许多常用的词汇需要掌握。
例如：- drug：药物- medicine：医学；药；医药- dosage：剂量- prescription：处方- pharmacy：药房- pharmaceutical：制药的- efficacy：药效- adverse effect：不良反应- overdose：过量服用- side effect：副作用- contraindication：禁忌症- drug interaction：药物相互作用2. 句子结构掌握药学英语的句子结构对于正确理解和表达药学领域的内容非常重要。
以下是一些常见的句子结构：- 简单句：包括主语、谓语和宾语，用来陈述一个简单的事实或观点。
例如：“The drug is effective for treating hypertension.”- 复合句：包括一个主句和一个或多个从句，用来表达复杂的观点、条件、原因等。
例如：“If the patient has a history of allergic reactions, the drug should be avoided.”- 并列连词：用于连接两个相对 ** 的句子或短语。
例如：“The drug is effective, but it may cause side effects.”- 介词短语：用于描述药物的用法、途径和目的等。
例如：“The medication sho uld be taken before meals.”- 被动语态：用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。
例如：“The drug is widely used in clinical practice.”3. 专业写作在药学领域，专业写作是一种常见的沟通方式。
药学英语词汇汇总
植物药vegetable drugs 根茎rhizome基源origin/source 生药学pharmacognosy质地texture 粉末power石细胞stone cell 木栓层cortex维管束bundle 纤维fibrefamily 科clustered crystal 簇晶effective constituent 有效成分oil cavity 油室famous-region drug 道地药材macroscopical characteristics 性状vessel 导管xylem 木质部fracture 断面liliaceae 百合科acetone 丙酮alcohol 乙醇，醇aldehyde 醛alkyl 烷基phenol 苯酚amine 胺ketone 酮amide 酰胺aryl 芳基hydrogen 氢chloride 氯ether 乙醚，醚heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物hydrophilia 亲水性hydrophobicity constant 疏水性参数isomer 异构体molecular modification 分子修饰prodrug 前药nitrogen 氮气oxygen 氧amino acide(AA) 氨基酸，complementary DNA(cDNA) 互补DNA，double-stranded DNA(dsDNA) 双链DNA,gene recombination 基因重组，housekeeping gene 管家基因，mircro RNA 微小RNA,okazki fragment 冈崎片段，transcription 转录，translation 翻译，sticky end 粘性末端抗原antigen，反密码子anticodon，基因组genome ，干扰素interferon ，激素hormone，生物合成biosynthesis，等位基因Allele，内含子intron,增强子enhancer，复制replicationadhensive 粘合剂capsule 胶囊（剂）controlled release控释disintegrant崩解剂emulsion乳剂films膜剂granules颗粒剂lubricant润滑剂pharmaceutics 药剂学tinctures酊剂抗氧剂antioxidant 包衣coating糊精dextrin 剂型dosage form浸膏剂extracts 明胶gelatin凝胶jelly 软膏剂ointments司盘类spans片剂tabletphytochemistry 植物化学xylose 木糖carbohydrate 糖类、碳水化合物filtration 过滤identification 鉴定triterpenoids 三萜silica gel 硅胶volatile oils 挥发油cardiac glycosides 强心苷cholesterol 胆固醇steroids 甾体alkaloids 生物碱thin layer chromatography 薄层色谱saponin 皂苷caffeine 咖啡因methanol 甲醇concentration 浓度digoxin 地高辛flavonoids 黄酮（类）extraction 提取、抽提Abbreviate new drug application(ANDA) 仿制药（简化新药）申请Active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) 原料药Adopted name 药品通用名CDER(center for drug evaluation and research) 医药评价与研究中心CTD（common technical document）通用技术文件Drug manufacture 药品生产企业Drug distribution 药品流通European union 欧盟FDCA(food drug and cosmetic act) 食品药品化妆品法GCP(good clinical practice) 药物临床试验质量管理规范药品不良反应adverse drug reaction(ADR)药品生产质量管理规范GMP（good manufacture practice）药品管理档案DMF(drug maste file)国家食品药品监督管理局SFDA （state food drug administration）非处方药OTC (over-the-counter drugs)基本药物essential drugs新药new drug执业药师licensed pharmacist国家药品标准national drug standards零售价格retail pricequantitative analysis 定量分析pharmacopoeia 药典high performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱法absorbance 吸光度labelled amount 标示量limit control 限量控制elution 洗脱calibration curve 校正曲线chiral separation 手性分离developer 展开剂dispersion 分散度mobile phase 流动相spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析法nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振internal standard 内标物good manufaturing practices 药品生成质量管理规范flow injection analysis 流动注射分析法uniformity of weight 重量均匀性stationary phase 固定相systematic factor 对称因子。
药学英语Unit7 Text A 注释及译文
Unit SevenText A BiopharmaceuticsBefore the reader can appreciate the meaning and clinical significance of biopharmaceutics, it is necessary to introduce the concept of drug bioavailability.1. appreciate [ə'pri:ʃ ieit] vt.欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi.增值；涨价2. bioavailability ['baiəuə,veilə'biləti] n.生物利用度；生物药效率为了使读者能够理解生物药剂学的含义和其对于药物临床应用的重要意义，有必要先给大家介绍一下药物生物利用度的概念。
BioavailabilityThe therapeutic response of a drug is normally dependent on an adequate concentration of the drug being achieved and then maintained at the site or sites of action of the drug. In the case of systemically acting drugs ( i. e. drugs that reach these sites via the systemic circulation) it is generally accepted for clinical purposes that a dynamic equilibrium exists between the concentration of drug at its site(s) of action and the concentration of drug in blood plasma. An important consequence of this dynamic equilibrium is that it permits a therapeutically effective concentration of drug to be achieved at its site(s) of action by adjustment of the concentration of drug in blood plasma. Strictly speaking, the concentration of drug in plasma water (i. e. protein-free plasma) is a more accurate index of drug concentration at the site(s) of action than the concentration of drug in whole plasma since a drug may often bind in a reversible manner to plasma protein. Only drug which is unbound (i. e. dissolved in plasma water) can pass out of the plasma through the capillary endothelium and reach other body fluids and tissues and hence its site(s) of action. Drug concentration in whole blood is also not considered to be an accurate indirect index of the concentration of drug at its site(s) of action since drug can bind to and enter blood cells. However, to measure the concentration of an unbound drug in plasma water requires more complex and sensitive assay methods than to measure the total concentration of both unbound and bound drug in total plasma. Thus, for clinical purposes, drug concentration in blood plasma is usually measured and is regarded as an index of drug concentration at the site(s) of action of the drug and of the clinicaleffects of the drug. However, it should be realized that this is a simplification and may not always be valid. Indeed one should not draw inferences about the clinical effects of a drug from its plasma concentration until it has been established that the two are consistently correlated. It has been assumed that the plasma drug concentration is directly proportional to the clinical effect of that drug.1. systemically [ sistə'mætikəli ] adv.有系统地，有组织地，有条理地，全身地systemic [si'stemik; -'sti:-] adj.系统的；体系的；全身的2. purpose ['pə:pəs] n.目的；用途；意志vt. 决心；企图；打算3. dynamic equilibrium [dai'næmik] [,i:kwi'libriəm] 动态平衡；动力平衡4. plasma ['plæzmə] n.等离子体；血浆5. reversible [ri'və:səbl] adj.可逆的；可撤消的；可反转的n. 双面布料6. capillary endothelium [kə'piləri, 'kæpi-] [,endəu'θi:liəm] 毛细血管内皮7. assay [ə'sei] n.化验；试验vt.分析；化验；尝试vi.鉴定；经检验证明内含成分8. simplification [,sɪmpləfə'keʃən] n.简单化；单纯化9. valid ['vælid] adj.有效的，有根据的；正当的10. draw inferences ['infərəns] 作出推论11. consistently [kən'sistəntli] adv.一贯地；一致地；坚实地12. proportional to [prə'pɔ:ʃənəl] 与……相称，与……成比例通常情况下，药物达到其作用部位、并维持足够的药物浓度，才能发挥疗效。
药学英语单词词根
药学英语单词词根药学英语单词词根药学是一门涉及药物制备、药物分析、临床用药、药理学、药物治疗学等多领域的综合性学科。
由于其涉及的领域广泛，因此药学相关的英语词汇也十分丰富。
以下是一些常见的药学英语单词词根，这些词根可以帮助我们更好地理解药学相关的英文词汇。
1、-pharma: 这个词根意为“药物”，常出现在与药学相关的词汇中，如 pharmaceutical (制药的)， pharmacology (药理学)，pharmacist (药剂师)， pharmacal (草药)等。
2、-cyte: 这个词根意为“细胞”，常出现在与细胞相关的词汇中，如 leukocyte (白细胞)， erythrocyte (红细胞)， platelet (血小板)等。
3、-gen: 这个词根意为“产生”，常出现在与产生相关的词汇中，如发电机 (electric generator)， nitrogen generator (氮气发生器)等。
4、-sis: 这个词根意为“状态”，常出现在与疾病相关的词汇中，如insomnia (失眠症)， diabetes (糖尿病)等。
5、-uria: 这个词根意为“尿”，常出现在与泌尿系统相关的词汇中，如 urinalysis (尿液分析)， urosepsis (尿毒症)等。
6、-algia: 这个词根意为“痛”，常出现在与疼痛相关的词汇中，如neuralgia (神经痛)， arthritis (关节炎)等。
7、-therapy: 这个词根意为“治疗”，常出现在与治疗相关的词汇中，如 chemotherapy (化学治疗)， radiotherapy (放射治疗)等。
8、-ectomy: 这个词根意为“切除”，常出现在与手术相关的词汇中，如 appendectomy (阑尾切除术)， nephrectomy (肾切除)等。
9、-cardia: 这个词根意为“心脏”，常出现在与心脏相关的词汇中，如 myocardia (心肌炎)， arrhythmia (心律失常)等。
药学英语
药学英语一．单词1.多肽 polypeptide2.异构酶 isomerase3.二氯甲烷 Dichloromethane4.丁基苯 butylbenzene5.高分子macromolecule6.单糖 monosaccharide7.三氯甲烷 trichloromethane8.乙基苯 ethylbenzene9.气相色谱 gas chromatography10.紫外谱图 ultraviolet spectrum11.定性分析 qualitative analysis12.滴定分析titrimetric analysis13.红外谱图 infrared spectra14.定量分析 quantitative analysis二．英译中1.Biochemistry determine how the collections of inanimate molecules that constitute living organisms interact with each other maintain and perpetuate life.生物化学确定构成活生物体的无生命分子的集合如何相互作用保持和延续生命。
2.Enzymes are catalysts that accelerate the rates of biological reactions.Each enzyme is very specific in its function and acts only in a particular metabolic reaction.酶是加速生物反应速率的催化剂。
每种酶在其功能上非常特异，并且仅在特定的代谢反应中起作用。
3.The basic unit of DNA is a linear polymer of four different monomeric subunits arranged in a precise linear sequence.DNA的基本单位是一个线性聚合物，由四个不同的单体亚基排列成精确的线性序列。
药学英语
药学英语1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical EnglishPharmaceutical English is a specialized form of language used in the field of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It involves the use of specific terminology, scientific vocabulary, and communication skills necessary for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry. This document ms to provide an overview of Pharmaceutical English and its importance in the field of pharmacy.2. Importance of Pharmaceutical EnglishEffective communication is crucial in any professional setting, and the field of pharmacy is no exception. As professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals need to communicate with colleagues, patients, and medical professionals from different parts of the world. Pharmaceutical English enables them to communicate their ideas, present research findings, and collaborate with peers effectively.3. Pharmaceutical English VocabularyPharmaceutical English vocabulary comprises a wide range of terms and phrases related to drug development, manufacturing, research, and regulatory requirements. Here are some commonly used terms:•Generic name: The official, nonproprietary name for a drug.•Brand name: The trademarked name given to a particular pharmaceutical product.•Dosage form: The physical form in which a drug is administered, such as tablets, capsules, or injections.•Pharmacokinetics: The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.•Adverse reaction: A negative response to a drug, which can range from mild side effects to life-threatening conditions.It is essential for pharmaceutical professionals to familiarize themselves with these terms to ensure effective communication within the industry.4. Pharmaceutical English Writing SkillsIn addition to vocabulary, pharmaceutical professionals also need to develop strong writing skills in English. Clear and concise writing is essential for various purposes, such as preparing research papers, lab reports, drug monographs, and patient information leaflets. Here are some tips for improving pharmaceutical English writing skills:•Use appropriate scientific language and terminology.•Organize your thoughts logically and structure your writing appropriately.•Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling.•Avoid excessive jargon and use pln language whenever possible.•Revise and proofread your work to ensure clarity and accuracy.5. Pharmaceutical English Speaking SkillsEffective spoken communication is equally important in the pharmaceutical industry, especially when presenting research findings, discussing clinical cases, or communicating with patients. Here are some tips for improving pharmaceutical English speaking skills:•Practice pronunciation of pharmaceutical terms.•Use appropriate intonation and stress to convey your message clearly.•Speak at an appropriate pace and use pauses effectively.•Listen actively and ask clarifying questions when necessary.•Seek opportunities to practice speaking English, such as attending conferences or joining discussion groups.6. Resources for Learning Pharmaceutical EnglishThere are several resources avlable to help pharmaceutical professionals improve their English language skills:•Textbooks and online courses specifically designed for pharmaceutical English.•Scientific journals and publications in the field of pharmacy.•Online forums and discussion groups where professionals can interact and practice English.•Language exchange programs, which allow professionals to practice speaking English with native speakers.7. ConclusionPharmaceutical English plays a vital role in the field of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It enables professionals to communicate effectively, present research findings, and collaborate with colleagues from different parts of the world. By improving their pharmaceutical English skills, professionals can enhance their career prospects and contribute to the advancement of the pharmaceutical industry. It is essential for pharmaceutical professionals to invest time and effort into developing their language skills to excel in their field.。
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名词缩写NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振M S: mass spectrometry 质谱法USP: the United State Pharmacopoeia 美国药典N F: National Formulary 国家处方集GC: gas chromatography 气相色谱法HTS high-throughput screening 高通量筛选NCE Novel chemical entities新化学试体RNA ： ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸DNA： deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸OTC: over-the-counter-drugs非处方药SFDA: the state food and drug administration 国家药品食品监督管理局NDAs: new drug applications 新药申请词素分析：microbiology 微生物学micro- 微，小；- biology 生物学virology 病毒学viro-病毒,毒；-ology…学…论bacteriology细菌学bacteri-细菌; -ology …学…论biopolymers 生物聚合物bio-生、、、，生物、、、; -polymers 聚合物streptomyces 链霉菌属strepto-链,链霉；- myces 真菌学,霉菌学polysaccharide 多糖,聚糖poly- 聚合物,聚合体; -saccharide 糖,糖类cytotoxic 细胞毒得,细胞毒性得cyto-细胞；-toxic中毒得,毒物得,毒素得phagocyte吞噬细胞phago-(吞)噬,食；-cyte细胞macrophage巨噬细胞macro- 巨,大,长,宏观; -phage噬,食,食…者,噬…者hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydro 氢chloric 氯pro-drug前药pro-前-drug药ADME药物体内吸收过程Absorption吸收distribution分布metabolism代谢elimination排泄动态得平衡：dynamic equilibrium 血浆：blood plasma浆水：plasma water 不含蛋白质得血浆：protein-free plasma内皮细胞：endothelium 简化：simplification给药：administered 排除：elimination递送：delivery 静脉：vein动脉：arterial 体循环systemic circulation渗透：permeation 配方：formulations生物膜：biological membranes 肝门循环：hepatic portal circulation 溶解：solution体液：biological fluids 生物药剂学：biopharmaceutics生物利用度bioavailability胃肠道屏障gastrointestinal barrier 分解dissolution合成：synthesized 多巴胺：dopamine拮抗剂：antagonists 抑制剂：inhibitors噻嗪类：thiazide 灌注得器官：perfused organs分子轮盘赌：molecular roulette 生化学：biochemical血液学：hematological 生育能力：effects on fertility诱变：mutagenicity 致癌：carcinogenicity 离体组织：isolated tissues 尽可能：as possible 急性：acute慢性：chronic 亚细胞得：subcellular 药效：efficacy 提纯：purified levodopa左旋多巴angina心绞痛peptic ulcer消化性溃疡teratogenic致畸mutagenicity诱变converting enzyme inhibitor hypertension转换酶抑制剂the endocrine and nervous system 内分泌与神经系统the endocrine and nervous systems神经系统与内分泌系统immune system 免疫系统coordinating systems调节系统the cardiovascular system 心血管系统the respiratory system 呼吸系统the digestive system 消化系统the reproductive system 生殖系统organ 器官liver 肝脏intestine 肠component 成分enzymes 酶titrant 滴定剂Acetic acid 乙酸sodium hydroxide solution NaOH溶液quenching 抑制quinine 奎宁stoichiometry 化学计量学manipulation 操作步骤volume analysis 容量分析法hydroxide 、羟基equilibrium constant 平衡常数equivalence point 平衡点the titration end point 滴定终点gas chromatography 气相色谱法copper 铜gas-solid chromatography 气固色谱法solute 溶质gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱法volatility 挥发性decomposition 分解column 色谱柱determination 测定assay 分析desired component 待测组分alkali 碱stearic acid 硬脂酸magnesium 镁potassium biphthalate 领苯二甲酸氢钾insert gas 惰性气体column 色谱柱gas cylinder气缸compendium 提纲；摘要specification 规格specimen 样品attribute 特质；属性solubility 溶解度melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点refractive index 折射率spectral properties 光谱性质density 、密度interfering substance 干扰组分sensitivity 灵敏度inert 、惰性得refractive index折射率nonaqueous 、非水得quantitatively 定量得complexometric络合滴定得standardize 标定处方药 Prescription drugs 脉冲释放 pulse delivery one交叉感染 cross infection缓释 sustained-release 定量分析 quantitatively analytical副作用 side effects 不良反应 adverse reaction分析技术 analytical technique 体循环 systemic circulation滴定分析 titrimetric analysis分离技术 separation technique 新药研发 development of new drugsOTC:over-the-counter-drugs非处方药SFDA: the state food and drug administration 国家药品食品监督管理局NDAS: new drug application 新药申请Physiology心血管系统得组成：1、heart心 2、blood血液 3、blood vessels血管心血管系统得作用（the cardiovascular system）:Transport oxygen and nutrients from the external environment tothe cells and blood vessels、右心室得功能：the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air左心室得功能：the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the rest of body to supply the tissues呼吸系统得作用（the respiratory system）:⑴ The energy required for performing the various activities of thebody is ultimately derived from respiration、⑵ the oxidation of foodstuffs to release the energy they contain⑶ excrete carbon dioxideFirstly they are bounded by a limiting membrane, the plasma membrane、Secondly, they have the ability to break down large molecules to smallerones to liberate energy for their activities、 Thirdly,at some point in their life history, they possess a nucleus which contains genetic information inthe from of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)、首先她们有界膜，即细胞膜。
其次,她们能将大分子降解成较小得分子并释放放能量。
第三,她们拥有核包含遗传信息得从脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)。
The activities of the different organ systems need to be coordinated and regulatedso that they act together to meet the needs of the body、所有器官系统得活动都需要协调与监管,使她们共同活动来满足身体得需要、Two coordinating systems have evolved: the nervous system and the endocrine system、两个调节系统进化:神经系统与内分泌系统。