Of studies

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Of Studies （英汉对照）Francis Bacon王佐良先生译文➢Studies serve for delight1, for ornament2, and for ability3.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

Their chief4 use for delight, is in privateness5 and retiring6;其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；for ornament, is in discourse;其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；and for ability, is in the judgment7, and disposition8 of business.其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

For expert9 men can execute10, and perhaps11 judge ofparticulars12, one by one;练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，but the general13 counsels14, and the plots15 and marshalling16 of affairs17, come best, from those that are learned.然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

To spend too much time in studies is sloth;读书费时过多易惰，to use them too much for ornament, is affectation18;文采藻饰太盛则矫，to make judgment wholly19 by their rules, is the humor of ascholar20.全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning21, by study;盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；and studies themselves, do give forth directions22 too much atlarge, except they be bounded23 in by experience.而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

Of studies原文译文及赏析教学提纲

O f s t u d i e s原文译文及赏析培根Of Studies原文及三个版本的汉译【原文】Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are symini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind ma y have a special receipt.Abeunt studia in mores: Studies pass into the characterSymini sectores: dividers of cumin seeds, or hair-splitters【译文】一、王佐良译：谈读书读书足以怡情, 足以傅彩, 足以长才。

of studies

Of Studies ,是培根400年前撰写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记,亦是英语文学中妇孺皆知的劝学名篇。

该文笔力遒劲苍幽,思想精深悠远,行文简洁明快,论述深入浅出,分析桴鼓相应,读来时若春雨润物,时若激流漂石,时若清风拂面,时若万籁俱号,令人似置身庄子《齐物论》所谓之“ 野马也,尘埃也,生物之以息相吹也” 之境界中。

Of Studies从读书之功用立论,分析了读书学习对人生不同凡响的意义。

同时人们对读书学习态度之取向、方法之别异, 也直接影响到了学习效果的泾渭两色。

培根以为读书的功用有三,即Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability。

其在人生中的具体体现亦有三, 即Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.在作者看来,人们的经验与学识,亦直接影响其读书之取向与效用。

具体说来,就是expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. 由于方法之不同,学习之效果也将各异。

所以培根说, To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. 这个说法颇似孟子“ 仅信书则不如无书” 之教诲。

Of studies 译文赏析

Of Studies 译文赏析14英法八班何静雨19原文分析从句法的角度来看，全文多使用短句，排比句，简洁明了，气势磅礴；同时多使用被动句，使文章更为严谨，周密。

从语义的角度来看，全文短小精悍，含义隽永，仅305个词，却把读书的妙用和读书的方法两个问题说得透彻，庄重典雅的大词语的运用体现出了作者的冷静和理性，散文的语言又蕴涵哲理的思想深度。

从文体上来看，培根的这篇文章有三大优点，其一：工整匀称的排比。

在这篇文章中．三部结构或三项排比的使用是非常普遍的修辞手段。

排比是把结构相同或相似、意义相关、语气一致的几个词组或句子并列使用。

排比的次序一般由轻到重，由低潮到高潮。

这种排列方式语言简洁明了，结构精致对称，形成视觉上的匀称美。

从文体功能方面来说，它便于表达强烈的感情．突出所强调的内容，同时能够增强语言的气势。

培根的《论读书》中的大多数排比句中同时又使用了省略手段，二者结合使用使句子更加简洁，信息重点更加突出。

其二：触类旁通的类比。

培根的散文除了大量使用排比和省略手段外，还不定时机地使用类比修辞手段。

类比是把难于理解的现象或非常陌生的事物同人们熟悉的事物或行为过程进行比较，这一比较是建立在二者某些方面特征相同或相似的基础之上，恰当使用类比不但能够易于切入主题，而且容易令人信服。

其三：平衡对称的节奏。

在培根的这篇文章中，语音和韵律的使用使文章更加朗朗上口，同时也有利于作品的流传。

从文化层面来看，在对译文进行分析之前,首要的应是对原作的深入理解,而理解作品的入口莫过于从作者及其生活的时代背景出发。

英国文艺复兴时期,弗兰西斯培根(1561―1626)坚持以科学方法思考,依靠观察获取知识,从而成就非凡思想,是杰出的哲学家,科学家及散文家。

培根散文的特点:语言简洁,文笔优美,说理透彻,警句迭出。

然而身为高官贵族的培根,他的这篇文章所面对的读者是贵族、官吏,或者他们的子孙，所以他面向的群体文化程度较高，文章也较为难懂。

Of Studies译文对比赏析5页word

Of Studies译文对比赏析一、原作写作风格Of Studies的语言风格和现代英语颇为不同。

与时文相比，它显得有点像古文。

全文以读书（study）为中心展开讨论，环环相扣，意思逐层递进。

文字精炼，语言简约、潇洒、比喻恰当，富于想象力，处处透露出美感与智慧，说服力十足，论断分明，尤以富含哲理的名言警句见长，字里行间饱含自信。

不时结合使用拉丁文，使文章带有古香古色的韵味，书卷气十足。

二、对比分析严复提出翻译要做到信、达、雅，对于散文，我认为译者在做到信、达的同时，更要注重雅。

在通篇的行文上，要追求风格的一致性。

如前文所言，该散文语言精炼，文章短小精悍，所以翻译的难处在于再现语言简约优美风格的同时又不失其说服力，实现刚和柔的完美结合。

在此，我将挑选王佐良和廖运范的译文（以下简称为王译和廖译）来作比较分析。

1．对比一下两篇译文的风格王译采用半文半白的语言形式，四字词的使用频率高，语言简洁，与原文的风格十分接近，而廖译则用现代汉语的形式，使文章显得十分通俗易懂。

如果按照奈达所提倡的意义的对应必须优先于文体上的对应这一言论来分析这两篇译文，那么这两篇译文都忠实于原文，在读者中产生的效应是相当的。

但是，若按照科勒提出的对等观点来研究翻译对等和等效的问题，那么王译就脱颖而出了。

科勒所提出的除了外延对等（denotativeequivalence），主要研究词汇方面；还包括内涵对等（connotative equivalence），即文体对等，关注文体效果，古体的或是平实的；语篇规约对等（text－normative equivalence），关注不同交际场景的用法；语用对等（pragmatic equivalence），指为特定的读者群进行翻译和形式对等（formal equivalence），针对的是韵律、隐喻和其他修辞手法的对等。

王译在做到词汇、文章意义对等的同时，采用半古文的形式，凸显了文体风格的对等，译文中再现原文的排比句和其他的修辞手法，实现了翻译的形式对等。

弗朗西斯.培根《论读书》Of-Studies(译文对比)

对比Of Studies的四种译文。

哪种译文在风格上与原文更“切近”？你最喜欢哪一种？为什么？OF STUDIESFrancis BaconStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases; so every d efect of the mind may have a special receipt.谈读书（译文1）读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。

培根的《论读书》OfStudies（原文和译文）

Of Studi‎e sSTUDI‎E S serve‎for delig‎h t, for ornam‎e nt, and for abili‎t y. Their‎chief‎use for delig‎h t, is in priva‎t enes‎s and retir‎i ng; for ornam‎e nt, is in disco‎u rse; and for abili‎t y, is in the judgm‎e nt, and dispo‎s itio‎n of busin‎e ss. For exper‎t men canexecu‎t e, and perha‎p s judge‎of parti‎c ular‎s, one by one; but the gener‎a l couns‎e ls, and the plots‎and marsh‎a llin‎g of affa i‎r s,come best, from those‎that are learn‎e d. To spend‎too muc h timein studi‎e s is sloth‎; to use them too much for ornam‎e nt, is affec‎t atio‎n; to make judgm‎e nt wholl‎y by their‎rules‎, is the humor‎of a schol‎a r. They perfe‎c t natur‎e, and are perfe‎c ted by exper‎i ence‎: for natur‎a l abili‎t ies are like natur‎a l plant‎s, that need pruni‎n g, by study‎; and studi‎e s thems‎e lves‎, do gi veforth‎direc‎t ions‎too much at large‎, excep‎t they be bound‎e d inby exper‎i ence‎. Craft‎y men conte‎m n studi‎e s, simpl‎e men ad mir‎ethem, and wise men use them; for they teach‎not their‎ownbut that is a wisdo‎m witho‎u t them, and above‎them, won b yobser‎v atio‎n. Read not to contr‎a dict‎and confu‎t e; nor to beli e‎v eand take for grant‎e d; nor to find talk and disco‎u rse; but to weigh‎and consi‎d er. Some books‎are to be taste‎d, other‎s t o beswall‎o wed, and some few to be chewe‎d and diges‎t ed; that i s,some books‎are to be read only in parts‎; other‎s to be read,but not curio‎u sly; and some few to be read wholl‎y, and wit hdilig‎e nce and atten‎t ion. Some books‎also may be read by d eput‎y,and extra‎c ts made of them bothe‎r s; but that would‎be only inthe less impor‎t ant argum‎e nts, and the meane‎r sort of book s‎,else disti‎l led books‎are like commo‎n disti‎l led water‎s, flash‎yReadi‎n g make a full man; confe‎r ence‎a ready‎man; and writ i‎n gan exact‎man. And there‎f ore, if a man write‎littl‎e, he had need have a great‎memor‎y; if he confe‎r littl‎e, he had need have a prese‎n t wit: and if he read littl‎e, he had need have much cunni‎n g, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histo‎r ie smake men wise; poets‎witty‎; the mathe‎m atic‎s subti‎t le; nat ur‎a lphilo‎s ophy‎deep; moral‎grave‎; logic‎and rheto‎r ic able to co nte‎n d.Abeun‎t studi‎a in mores‎. Nay, there‎is no stand‎or imped‎i m ent‎inthe wit, but may be wroug‎h t out by fit studi‎e s; like as disea‎sesof the body, may have appro‎p riat‎e exerc‎i ses. Bowli‎n g is go od forthe stone‎and reins‎; shoot‎i ng for the lungs‎and ***; gentl‎e walki‎n g for the stoma‎c h; ridin‎g for the head; and the like. Soif a man's wit be wande‎r ing, let him study‎the mathe‎m atic‎s ; forin demon‎s trat‎i ons, if his wit be calle‎d away never‎so littl‎e, he must begin‎again‎. If his wit be not apt to disti‎n guis‎h or find diffe‎r ence‎s, let him study‎the Schoo‎l men; for they are Cymin‎i secto‎r s. If he be not apt to beat over matte‎r s, and tocall up one thing‎to prove‎and illus‎t rate‎anoth‎e r, let him st udy‎the lawye‎r s' cases‎. So every‎defec‎t of the mind, may have a speci‎a l recei‎p t.论读书王佐良译读书足以怡‎情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

Of-Studies翻译与鉴赏演示教学

译文3：读书足以怡情，足以傅2彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
1摭(zhí)：拾取/摘取(pick up; gather)
2傅：涂抹（如“傅粉”）
2
For expert men1 can execute 2, and perhaps judge of particulars3, one by one; but the general counsels4, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs5, come best from those that are learned.
4 counsel: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action忠告/劝告/建议
general counsel总的计划/大计
5plots: a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal(秘密)计划/密谋/谋划/出谋划策
Of-Studies翻译与鉴赏
1
Studies serve for1 delight, for ornament2, and for ability.
Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring3;
for ornament, is in discourse4; and for ability, is in the
1专家/能手/内行/阅历丰富的人 2 carry out/perform an action; to put into effect执行

of studies中英赏析

of studies中英赏析《论研究》是英国文学家培根（Francis Bacon）的一篇经典散文，它以对学习和研究的思考为主题，阐述了研究的重要性和方法。

本文旨在通过对《论研究》的中英赏析，探讨其思想内涵和艺术特点。

《论研究》一文由五个部分组成，分别是“阅读使人完善”、“交谈使人机智”、“写作使人严谨”、“思考使人深刻”和“各种学习方法的效果比较”。

整篇文章以简明扼要的语言，阐述了学习和研究的不同方式对于提高个人能力的重要作用。

文章提到阅读的重要性。

培根认为，阅读使人完善，开拓了人的眼界，丰富了知识储备。

他强调了对于书籍的选择要有所取舍，要选择经典著作和有深度的内容进行阅读。

通过阅读，人们可以获取到前人的智慧和经验，提高自己的见识和理解能力。

文章讲述了交谈的价值。

培根认为，交谈可以使人变得机智。

在与他人的交流中，人们不仅可以学到新的知识，还可以通过与他人的观点碰撞，提高自己的思维能力和逻辑思维能力。

同时，交谈也是一种锻炼表达能力和沟通能力的方式。

接着，文章提到了写作的重要性。

培根认为，写作使人变得严谨。

通过写作，人们可以把自己的想法和观点清晰地表达出来，从而更好地理清思路，提高自己的逻辑思维能力和表达能力。

同时，写作也是一种对于自己思考的检验，可以帮助人们发现自己的不足和问题，进一步提高自己的学术能力。

然后，文章讲述了思考的重要性。

培根认为，思考使人变得深刻。

通过对问题的思考，人们可以深入理解问题的本质和内涵，从而提高自己的分析和解决问题的能力。

培根强调了思考的方法和技巧，比如要善于提出问题、善于质疑和思考多个角度等。

文章对比了各种学习方法的效果。

培根认为，阅读是最基本的学习方法，通过阅读可以获取到大量的知识。

但是，阅读单一的知识来源可能会导致思维的狭窄，因此，培根提倡多种学习方法的结合使用，如阅读、交谈、写作和思考的有机结合。

总结来说，《论研究》是一篇关于学习和研究的经典散文，强调了阅读、交谈、写作和思考对于提高个人能力的重要作用。

(2020年整理)Of_Studies_(英汉对照).pptx

So if a man's wit be wandering15, let him study the mathematics16; for in demonstrations17, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. 如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics3 subtitle4; natural philosophy5 deep; moral6 grave7; logic8 and rhetoric9 able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.10[Studies pass into and influence manners] 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
Some books also may be read by deputy16, and extracts17 made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments18, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled19 books are like common distilled waters, flashy20 things. 书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
15. diligence ['dilidʒəns] n. 勤奋，勤勉；注意的程度 16.deputy ['depjuti] adj. 副的；代理的

ofstudies翻译

ofstudies翻译of studies翻译为谈读书、论读书、论学习、学习委员。

其中英语单词studies是study的第三人称单数和复数，可作名词和动词，作名词时，意为学习、研究、功课、用于某些学科名称等，作动词时，意为攻读、审视、调查等。

of studies的中文翻译及双语例句of studies中文翻译为谈读书、论读书、论学习、学习委员等含义。

1、A couple of studies on perception.来看一组关于感知的研究。

2、Premature delivery is tied to increased heart risks in the mother, a review of studies has found.一项研究综述称，母亲心脏病风险增加与早产有关。

3、There have been lots of studies that have shown how dogs decrease stress levels.有大量的研究表明狗狗是怎样降低压力水平的。

4、Langer had already undertaken a couple of studies involving elderly patients.在此之前，兰格已经进行了两项涉及老年患者的研究。

5、Only 27 percent of studies were randomized, and only 14 percent were blinded.只有27%的设备是随机研究，仅14%采用的是盲法研究。

6、A number of studies seem to suggest this may be the case. 一系列研究证明，事实似乎确是如此。

7、The duration of studies leading to higher level diplomas depends on the type of faculty.较高水平的文凭学习年限由专业类型来决定。

《论读书》Of Studies中英文

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。

换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，使能无知而显有知。

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。

滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。

如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。

如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

1、Introduction to Author22 January 1561 –9 April 1626Trinity College, Cambridgean English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific methodthe father of empiricismscientific revolutionEmpiricism [em'pirisizəm] is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily via sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology [i,pisti'mɔlədʒi] , the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism, idealism and historicism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditionsThe Scientific Revolution is an era associated primarily with the 16th and 17th centuries during which new ideas and knowledge in physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry transformed medieval and ancient views of nature and laid the foundations for modern science.According to most accounts, the scientific revolution began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance era and continued through the late 18th century, the later period known as The Enlightenment.[The] new Philosophy calls all in doubt,The Element of fire is quite put out;The Sun is lost, and th'earth, and no man's witCan well direct him where to look for it------John Donne2. Analysis of the EssayLanguage pointsParaphrasingTranslationTheir chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring.But the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.Distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.There is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies.So if a man’s wit be wandering3. AppreciationStructureTwo Parts：Methods of Studies ；Advantages of StudiesdialecticalWriting styleAdoption of types of sentencesShort sentencesSimple SentencesDeclarative sentences in the affirmativeParallel constructionsPowerful,convincing,simple,emphaticPleasing to hear and readDictionMetaphor and aphorism ['æfərizəm]Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.Distilled books are like common distilled waters.If a man’s wit be wanderingVivid,funny,easy to understand。

(完整word版)培根的《论读书》Of Studies (原文和译文)

Of StudiesSTUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men canexecute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affa irs,come best, from those that are learned. To spend too muc h timein studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do gi veforth directions too much at large, except they be bounded inby experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men ad mirethem, and wise men use them; for they teach not their ownbut that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won b yobservation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to beli eveand take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others t o beswallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that i s,some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read,but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and wit hdiligence and attention. Some books also may be read by d eputy,and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only inthe less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book s,else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashyReading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writ ingan exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Historie smake men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; nat uralphilosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to co ntend.Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impedim ent inthe wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as disea sesof the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is go od forthe stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and ***; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. Soif a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics ; forin demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are Cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and t ocall up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him st udythe lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.论读书王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

of studies

②Full，在这里指完美的，最高度的；(资格等)正式的。

A full man就是完人；get a full marks得满分；a full member正式成员。

③Conference，除了解释为会议之外，还有discussion (讨论)的意思。

④Ready，这个词有许多种解释。

比如说：Are you ready?你准备好了吗？还有一种解释就是乐意的，a ready helper乐于助人者。

而在这里的ready means the ability to think quickly，就是快的，迅捷的；机灵的。

比如说a ready reply脱口而出的答案。

⑤exact means someone who is very careful and thorough in what he do.就是严谨的；精密的意思。

Be exact in one's statement (or words)说话严谨的。

⑥wit [wɪt] 智力；才智；机智⑦cunning ['kʌnɪŋ] adj. 狡猾的；n. 狡诈；⑧doth 是does的古语这段名言告诉我们：一个人的聪明才智，除了先天条件，知识的不断充实也是很重the learning or understanding of (a subject), esp by reading②ornament [ˈɔ:nəmənt] n.装饰;装饰物;③chief[tʃi:f] adj. 主要的;级别最高的;最重要的n.首领;酋长;族长;主管人员④retire[rɪˈtaɪə(r)] v.退休; 退隐;⑤discourse[ˈdɪskɔ:s] n.交谈;讨论⑥disposition [ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn] ;安排，处理，配置Day 1 刻意练习：如何把题目给出的散点信息规整为分叙述点题目：你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇人物介绍。

请根据以下信息，介绍一位热门人物。

中英文互译文章篇：Of Studies

中英文互译文章篇：Of Studies中英文互译文章篇2：Of Studies读读书Francis Bacon弗朗西斯·培根Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is inprivateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgmentand disposition of business.For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars,one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best fromthose that are learned.读书足以冶情，足以博彩，足以长才。

其冶情也，最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则非好学深思者莫属。

To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use themtoo much for ornament, isaffectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience.读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足;因为天生才干犹如自然花草，读书之后方知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

OfStudies赏析

对个人的启示
对于个人而言，这篇文章提醒我们要有正确的学习态度和方法，不要为了一时的兴趣和爱好而学习，而应该把学到的知识应用到实际生活中，提高自己的能力和素质。
对社会的价值
Bacon认为学习的意义在于推动社会进步，这对于现代社会同样具有重要意义。一个文明、开明和进步的社会需要每个人都能正确地对待学习，发挥自己的能力和潜力，为社会的进步和发展做出贡献。
03 "Of Studies" 语言艺术
修辞手法
排比
作者在文中使用了大量的排比句，如"Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability"，这种修辞手法增强了语言的节奏感和气势，使观点更加鲜明有力。
对比
作者在文中通过对比不同人对学习的态度和行为，突出了学习的必要性和重要性，如"Some for the flesh, and some for the spirit"，使读者更加深刻地理解学习的意义。
05 "Of Studies" 的影响与评价
对文学的影响
推动文学发展
"Of Studies" 是一篇具有深远影响的文学论文，它对文学理论、批评和创作产生了积极的影响，
推动了文学的发展。
启发后辈作家
这篇论文对后来的作家产生了重要影响，许多作家从中汲取灵感，学习如何更好地创作文学作品。
丰富文学主题
后续影响
尽管存在争议，但 "Of Studies" 的影响力和价值不容忽视，它对文学和教育领域的影响将持续下去。
06 "Of Studies" 与莎士比亚其他作品比较

(完整word版)培根的《论读书》Of Studies (原文和译文)

中英文互译文章篇：OfStudies

中英⽂互译⽂章篇2：Of Studies 读读书 Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is inprivateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgmentand disposition of business.For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars,one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best fromthose that are learned. 读书⾜以冶情，⾜以*，⾜以长才。

其冶情也，最见于独处幽居之时;其*也，最见于⾼谈阔论之中;其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

练达之⼠虽能分别处理细事或⼀⼀判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则⾮好学深思者莫属。

To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, isaffectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. 读书费时过多易惰，⽂采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条⽂断事乃学究故态。

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience. 读书补天然之不⾜，经验⼜补读书之不⾜;因为天⽣才⼲犹如⾃然花草，读书之后⽅知如何修剪移接，⽽书中所⽰，如不以经验范之，则⼜⼤⽽⽆当。