自然设计

Le Corbusier’s influence in Boston
1964 - Prudential Tower, Boston 1969 - Boston City Hall
Le Corbusier and the “Unite d’Habitation”
旧金山与纽约市 的城市扩张
Change in San Antonio, TX
Designing with Nature
By Ian McHarg
Designer as Savior, Designer as Slave
designing with nature rather than opposing her
By J. Baldwin.
World Population Trend
Equity
And So …
Close to nature. Far from ordinary
Vote of Thanks
Design with nature
Sense of Place – History/Culture
Sense of Place –
A River as focal point
Sense of Place –
Transportation
Old bridge design influenced the new
Ecological – open space and home design
Houston
Ecology - Transportation
Anchorage
Mt. Lassen Volcano N.P.
Sense of Place - Muir Woods N.M.
Sense of Place –
statements Early champion of map overlays and their
value to the planning process
“We need nature as much in the city as in the countryside.”
Design witwenku.baidu.com Nature
6 6
5.3
5
4.5
4
3.7
3
3
2.52
2 1 0.8
1.65 1
billion
0 1700 1800 1900 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
美国沿海县与非沿海县人口增加的速度差异
1887-1965 – Le Corbusier
“We must decongest the centers of our cities by increasing their density.”
1974
1988
Change in Plano, TX 1974 to 1989
1920-2001 – Ian L. McHarg
1969 – “Design with Nature” published Introduced ecological planning Multi-disciplinary suitability analyses 多学科适宜性分析 Pioneered the use of environmental impact
氮循环
Conservation Subdivision Design（CSD）
例1
Town of Cary in Orange County, NC, USA
This 140-acre rural tract (located in Orange County, NC) is zoned R-80 (minimum lot size 80,000 ft2) and is located within a critical water supply watershed.
泛滥平原 水成壤(湿土) 薄层土壤 (中)陡坡 河流和泛滥平原缓冲带 岩石露头
Steps of CSD Design
陡坡
薄层土壤
泛滥平原
水成土
河流和泛滥平原缓冲带 (中)陡坡
泉水
岩石露头
草地 观望点 紫荆花 石墙
松林 石墙 林地
草地
历史遗迹
小棚屋 草地
林地
观望点
野生动物走廊
可能的发展区
保(留)护区
《结合自然的设计》
Ian McHarg
Examples of Designing with Nature
（1）Low impacts of development （LID） （2）Conservation Subdivision Design（CSD） （3）Open Space
Low impacts of development （LID）
发展前
城市化/农业化
(河流对发展的响应)
河流下切/河流拓宽/基础流量减少/沉积和溯源侵蚀
转移 积累 新陈代谢 挥发 解毒 降解
remediation-矫正
生物降解
生物滞留
浅水池塘
流量控制 多功能 景观
美学价值 栖息地
下渗 过滤
财产
低维修成本 高效排污
Retention-保留
植物/土壤复合体
宅基地
保(留)护区
小棚屋
道路
宅基地
保(留)护区
泉水
小棚屋
小路
岩石露头
草地
将来道路
紫荆花 石墙
泉水 历史遗迹
石墙
草地
林地
草地
小棚屋
小路
岩石露头
例2
什么是“open space”?
Open Space
Open space could include
• wetlands • forest land • agricultural land and buildings • historical or archeological resources • wildlife habitat • scenic viewsheds
“We must improve circulation and increase the amount of open space.”
That paradox could be resolved by: Building high on a small part of land
Le Corbusier and the“Radiant City