2013年考研英语一大纲
2013年考研英语大纲新增60个词汇黄涛博客
2013年考研英语大纲新增60个词汇(2012-09-14 08:52:08)今年的考研英语大纲在千呼万唤中终于出来，我们惊喜地发现，与去年的内容变化不是很大，新大纲删减许多词汇的同时新增60个词汇，英语一新大纲应用文写作部分删除了摘要写作要求，大家不用准备摘要了！英语二删除了阅读新题型中的判断正误题型，别的方面没有改动，希望黄桃们认真按照暑期强化班上各大题型解题方法备考！2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）和（二）考试大纲新增的60个词汇详解1.accustom vt. 使习惯于(to)：accustom oneself to rising early 使自己习惯于早起/ accustom sb. tosea life 使某人习惯于海上生活/ accustom one's ears to the din 使自己的耳朵适应喧闹声.2.alienate vt. 1.使疏远，使不友好；离间；The management must never become alienated from the employees.管理层决不能脱离员工。
2.【律】转让，让渡（财产等）3.使转移；使转向▷alienator n.3.allegiance n. 1.（对国家、政府、事业、个人等的）忠诚；效忠，忠贞：give allegianceto 效忠于2.（臣子对君主的）臣服义务3.（侨民对所居国政府的）效忠义务4.ape n. 1. 无尾猿；类人猿 2. 猴 3. 粗野的大汉4.模仿者，学样的人vt. 模仿，学…的样adj. 〈口〉疯狂的；狂热的◇go ape〈口〉发疯；变得狂热：go ape over a girl 为一个姑娘神魂颠倒▷apelike adj. / aper n. 5.archaeology n. 1. 考古学2.（某民族的）文化遗迹，古迹▷archaeological adj. /archaeologically adv. /archaeologist n. /archaeologize vi.6.bail 1. n. 【律】保释金；保释人；保释；accept (或refuse) bail准许（不准许）保释vt. 1. 保释（某人）；（法官）将（在押犯）交保释放2. 托付（财务）bail out 1保释：bail sb. out 保释某人2.帮助（某人）脱离困境；从困境中摆脱出来/ forfeit bail 保释后不出庭候审/ go (stand) bail for 做…的保释人；为…提供保释金/ hold sb. to bail 拘留某人直至交保/ jump bail〈口〉=forfeit bail /on bail 交保后：be out on bail 在保释中/ post bail 缴纳保释金/ save (surrender to) one'sbail 保释后如期到庭受审;bail 2 n. 戽斗，桶（用来舀出船舱里的水）vt. 舀（水）；从（船）中舀水(out)：bail (out) theboat（或bail water out of a boat）舀出船舱里的水vi. 舀出船舱里的水◇bail on〈美口〉让…失望/bail out 1.（从飞机上）紧急跳伞2畏难而去；▷bailer n.bail 3n. 1. [bails]【史】（城堡的）外层防卫桩；栅栏 2.（厩内的）横栏 3.（板球的）三柱门上的横木4.〈澳〉（挤乳时）扣住母牛头部的闸架◇bail up〈澳〉1.（挤乳时）用闸架扣住（母牛）的头部 2. 拦路抢劫 3.〈口〉（尤指为交谈而）拦住，强行留住（某人）bail 4. n. 1. (车棚等)半圆形棚架2.（壶、桶等的）半圆形拎环 3.（打字机上的）压纸杆7. blog n. 博客，网络日志8. botany n. 1. 植物学2[总称]（某地区的）植物9. buzz n. 1. 嗡嗡声，蜂音 2. 嘁嘁喳喳，噪杂声 3.〈口〉流言谣言 4.（蜂鸣器等发出的）信号声 5.〈口〉电话：give sb. a buzz 给某人打电话6. 骚动7.〈美口〉（吸毒或饮酒产生的）陶醉；兴奋vi. 1.（蜂等）嗡嗡叫，（机器等）营营响 2. 用蜂鸣器发出信号 3. 忙碌，忙乱；急行：buzz about (或around)到处奔忙/ buzzalong 匆忙走过4. 嘁嘁喳喳；说闲话；充满低沉嘈杂的声音vt. 1。
解析2013考研英语大纲最新变化
解析2013考研英语大纲最新变化欢迎大家来到新东方在线网络课堂，我是考研(微博)英语(一)、英语(二)写作主讲老师王江涛。
今天跟大家分析一下2013考研英语最新大纲。
今天是2012年9月14日，2013考研英语的大纲公布了。
今天我们主要讲两个内容：第一个是英语(一)跟英语(二)的区别第二个是2013大纲变化一、英语(一)跟英语(二)的区别英语(一)是针对学术硕士的考生，学制一般为3年，部分专业硕士比如法硕、医学硕士等，考英语(一)；英语(二)是针对专业硕士的考生，如管理类考试最终大家要在报考院校的招生简章上确认考试科目。
从考试本身，整体来说，英语(一)稍难，英语(二)较容易从考试细节来说：1、词汇：均考察5500词汇，英语二大纲明确考5类文章，大家要关注，比如可以多记忆一些经济管理类词汇。
大家可以关注：新东方王江涛的微博，我也会有各种类型词汇的帖子。
2、语法：英语一包含全部语法内容，英语二列出了8种语法现象3、阅读B节，英语一是七选五、标题和排序，英语二是连线4、阅读C节，翻译，英语一是5个划线句子，英语二全文翻译，相对较简单5、作文，大作文，英语一一般是图画作文，英语二一般是图表作文但是，复习时，提纲作文、情景作文、图画作文、图表作文要全面复习。
二、最新大纲变化之前传言的，增加700词汇、阅读难度会到专八程度等等都是不真实的。
2013考研英语大纲变化不大：1、新大纲删除并增加总计60左右词汇这些词汇95%是阅读中考(微博)过的词汇，有些是原大纲中词汇的变形2、小作文英语一、二小作文，都删除了摘要这种题型。
09年10月明确提出，今年删掉，在难度上稍有降低。
小作文只考书信、备忘录、报告，但是之前背诵的摘要文章及积累的内容，均可用于写作准备中。
3、英语二新题型，正误判断题型删掉这种题型相对简单，考试的区分度不够好，所以删掉。
总结：大纲整体变化不大，难度起伏不大。
最后，写作复习上，注意一下三点：1、背诵：每个阶段都会提供二十大必备范文，好好掌握2、默写：大作文15分钟，小作文8分钟3、仿写：用背的文章写新的题目，背诵的内容用的越多越好。
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 大纲版
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷大纲版）听力（每题1.5分，满分30分）第一节1. What does the man want to do?A. Take photos.B. Buy a camera.C. Help the woman.2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A noisy night.B. Their life in town.C. A place of living.3. Where is the man now?A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.C. At home4. What will Celia do?A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.C. Play basketball.5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.第二节听第6段材料，回答6、7题。
6. What is Sara going to do?A. Buy John a gift.B. Give John a surprise.C. Invite John to France.7. What does the man think of Sara’s plan?A. Funny.B. Exciting.C. Strange.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does Diana say sorry to peter?A. She has to give up her travel pan.B. She wants to visit another city.C. She needs to put off her test.9. What does Diana want Peter to do?A. Help her with her study.B. Take a book to her friend.C.T eacha geography lesson.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
2013年考研英语一真题及答案
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits[C] transmits[D] delivers2. [A] minor[B] objective[C] crucial[D] external3. [A] issue[B] vision[C] picture[D] moment4. [A] For example[B] On average[C] In principle[D] Above all5. [A] fond[B] fearful[C] capable[D] thoughtless6. [A] in[B] on[C] to[D] for7. [A] if[B] until[C] though[D] unless8. [A] promote[B] emphasize[C] share[D] test9. [A] decision[B] quality[C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen[B] studied [C] found[D] identified11. [A] exceptional[B] defensible[C] replaceable[D] otherwise12. [A] inspired[B] expressed[C] conducted[D] secured13. [A] assigned[B] rated[C] matched[D] arranged14. [A] put[B] got[C] gave[D] took15. [A] instead[B] then[C] ever[D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed[C] marked[D] introduced17. [A] before[B] after[C] above[D] below18. [A] jump [B] float[C] drop[D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve[B] undo[C] maintain[D] disregard20. [A] promising[B] possible[C] necessary[D] helpfulSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable — meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that— and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year —about 64 items per person — and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes — and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment — including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line — Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ________.[A] poor bargaining skill[B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion[D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ________.[A] combat unnecessary waste[B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements[D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ________.[A] accusation [B] enthusiasm [C] indifference [D] tolerance24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.T ext 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted — the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8 — though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to ________.[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “t he industry” (Line 4, Para.3) refers to ________.[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysts[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ________.[A] may cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads.30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon L ynch said in his blog is one of ________.[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismT ext 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely — though by no means uniformly —glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years — so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ________.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are ________.[A] a sustained species[B] a threat to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ________.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityT ext 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday —a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Rober ts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately “occupied the field”, and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice — Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas — agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essenceasserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned bec ause they ________.[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B] disturbed the power balance between different states[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforc ement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ________.[A] violated the Constitution[B] undermined the states’ interests[C] supported the federal statute[D] stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ________.[A] outweighs that held by the states[B] is dependent on the states’ support[C] is established by federal statutes[D] rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41) ________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food,wealth and prosperity.(42) ________ This is a shame — the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) ________When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) ________ This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) ________ That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] I t could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciencespapers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, includinghealth and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] T he solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to beits main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and socialinnovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And inEurope, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development. [G] D uring the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as apercentage of all research and development funds — including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate — varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia —a yearning for contact with nonhuman life —assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年真题答案速查Section ⅠUse of English (10 points)1-5 ADCAB 6-10 BADDA11-15 DCBDB 16-20 CACBCSection ⅡReading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21-25 BDADC 26-30 BDCAD31-35 BADCC 36-40 CCDABPart B (10 points)41-45 EFBGCPart C (10 points)46. 然而当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们会突然间意识到，尽管这些花园风格各异，在它的装饰和创造性之外，也透露出了其他的基本的人类需求。
2013年考研英语一真题答案解析
2013年考研英语一真题答案解析（完整版）Section I Use of English1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。
B选项submit “服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与ability 搭配，D选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。
A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。
A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。
故答案选A。
2.【答案】D【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。
A选项minor 次要的，B选项objective 客观的，C选项crucial 残酷的，D选项external 外部的，故答案选D。
3.【答案】C【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折。
“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。
”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。
而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择picture是最贴切的。
A选项issue 问题，B选项vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C。
4.【答案】A【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选A。
而B选项on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。
C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项above all“首先”是用来列举条目，将A,B,D排除。
5.【答案】B【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。
考研2013大纲英语
E21-IXxwGCkDz04Y'j5:3VM 过 超 得 不 间 业 作 次 每 护 监 上 以 人 两 排 外 在 定 固 端 一 绳 险 保 带 全 安 系 罩 面 毒 防 戴 须 必 内 入 进 风 通 洗 清 后 然 液 化 消 空 放 先 要 ， 时 修 检 罐 酵 发 氧 厌
间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等； 间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等； 简
过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意 程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味
此外， 全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非 此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非 英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生 英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生 还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇， 以 还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以 及涉及个人好恶、 生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的 及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的 词汇。 Ⅰ 英 语 知 识 运 用 （10 分） / 该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言 词汇。
6） 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；6）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；
息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词 获取信息、理解文章、猜 阅读理解 A 节
的文字材料。题材包括经济、管 考生应能读懂不同题材 包括说明文、议论文和记叙文 等。 根据阅读材料，考生应能： 1)理解主旨要义； 2)理解文中的具体信息； 3)理解语篇的结构及上下文的 逻辑关系； 4) 根据上下文推断重要生词 或词组的含义； 5)进行一定的判断和推理； 6)理解作者的意图、观点或态 度。
语言技能：写作
考生应能根据所给的提纲， 情景 考生应能根据所给的提 文应中心思想明确，切中题意， 的短文写作。短文应中心 结构清晰， 条理清楚， 用词恰当，思想明确，切中题意，结 无明显语言错误。 择其中的一种形式。 构清晰，条理清楚，用词 该部分要求考生根据所 （标点符号不计算在 该部分题型有两种， 每次考试选 恰当，无明显语言错误。 1） 考生根据所给情景写出约 100 给情景写出约 100 词（标点符号不计算在内）的应 词 用性短文，包括私人和公务信 函、备忘录、报告等。 内）的应用性短文，包括 私人和公务信函、备忘
2013年考研英语大纲
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲）I考试性质英语（一）考试是为高等院校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业优秀本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2. 词汇考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关词组（详见附录1）。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
博仁教育提示：此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
（二）语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所读材料，考生应能：1) 理解主旨要义；2) 理解文中的具体信息；3) 理解文中的概念性含义；4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义；6) 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8) 区分论点和论据。
2013年考研英语一真题及答案(清晰完整干净版)
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2factors. ButDr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4, he theorised that a judge 5of appearing too soft 6crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory,the 9of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12by 31 admissionsofficers. The interviewers had 13applicants on a scale of one to five. Thisscale 14numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17that, thenthe score for the next applicant would 18by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1. [A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers]2. [A] minor [B] objective [C] crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4. [A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D] test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of "fast fashion." In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world's answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma. "Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful," Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can't be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impacton labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word "indictment" (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the troubleis, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim "behavioural" ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track" (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with windows 8, would have DNT as a default. Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, one of the groups in the DAA, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. "They'll get less meaningful, less targeted ads."It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that "behavioural" ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. "The industry" (Line 6, Para. 3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads.[B] fails to affect the ad industry.[C] will not benefit consumers.[D] goes against human nature.29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of[A] indulgence.[B] understanding.[C] appreciation.[D] skepticism.Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years – so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see "100,000 AD: Living in the deep future"). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCN's "Red List" of threatened species, and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried deep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we should recognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling the camera right back and asking what humanity's impact will be on the planet – in the context of stratigraphic time.Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals may not. But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, and to make a future worth living in.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment.[B] our faith in science and technology.[C] our awareness of potential risks.[D] our belief in equal opportunity.32. The IUCN's "Red List" suggest that human beings are[A] a sustained species.[B] the world's dominant power.[C] a threat to the environment.[D] a misplaced race.33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet's abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] draw on our experience from the past.[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future.[B] Evolution of the Human Species.[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[D] Science, Technology and Humanity.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice –Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas –agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as "a shocking assertion of federal executive power." The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Federal officers' duty to withhold immigrants' information.[B] States' independence from federal immigration law.[C] States' legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress's intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states' interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states' support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental changed" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004, (43) When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Socialscientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] The idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such issues. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.答案：41→42→43→44→45→→→→Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a "still point of the turning world," to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.(47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one's relation to one's environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 当一个人看到由无家可归之人所建的花园的照片时，他会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们仍反映了人们除了装饰以及创造性表达之外的各种其他基本需求。
2013英一(完整版)
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
[C] transmits [C] crucial [C] picture [C] In principle [C] capable [C] to [C] though [C] share [C] status [C] found [C] replaceable [C] conducted [C] matched [C] gave [C] ever [C] marked [C] above [C] drop [C] maintain [C] necessary
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须 书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在 草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
2013年全国研究生考试英语(一)官方真题——精品文档
C. maintain C. necessary
D. delivers D. external D. moment
D. Above all D. thoughtless D. for D. unless D. test D. success D. identified D. otherwise D. secured D. arranged D. took
A , B , C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 40 points )
英 语 （ 一） 试 题 .2 . ( 共 1 4 页）
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Pradaon
B. until B. emphasize B. quality B. studied
B. defensible
B. expressed B. rated
B. got B • then
B. passed
B • after B• float
B. undo B. possible
C. transmits C. crucial C. picture C. In principle C. capable C. to C. though C. share C. status C. found C. replaceable C. conducted C. matched C. gave C. ever C. marked C. above
一 英 语 （ ） 试 题 .1 . ( 共 1 4 页 ）
1. A. grants 2. A. minor
3. A. issue 4. A. For example 5. A. fond 6. A. in 7. A. if 8. A. promote
2013考研英语大纲(一)
2013考研英语大纲(一)对于任何一种正规、有组织的考试来说，考试大纲是最、准确和系统的指导性文件。
因此准确的理解“大纲”是正确备考的前提、基础和起点。
全面、扎实的语法知识在阅读理解英文篇章的过程中起着非常重要的作用，可以帮助考生更好的把握上下文的内容和逻辑关系。
为了帮助考生更好地了解和掌握2013年英语考试要求，英语教研室的老师将对英语(一)语法结构的时态语态部分进行深度的分析，希望能够引起同学们的关注!英语的动词有两个时态，现在时和过去式；有两个体，进行体和完成体；有两个态，主动态度和被动态度；另外还有将来时间表示法。
这些时、体、态的不同组合是英语语法的一个基础内容，也是一个重点考核内容。
虽然英语的时态只有有限的若干类，但其具体用法却多种多样，不同的语境对时态有不同的要求。
正确运用时态的重点在于理解各种时态的内涵，并注意句子内部时态的一致性。
1.一般现在时一般现在时的用法可归为三类(1)表示客观真理、科学事实、格言及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。
例句：The earth is round.(2)表示现在的习惯动作。
例句：Father never smokes.(3)表示现在时刻存在着的状态(一般指持续性的状态)。
例句：What do you think of the movie?一般现在时的其他用法：①表示现在瞬间的动作(此种用法常见于体育评论、解说魔术或技术操作等，以产生身临其境的效果)。
②还常见于一些专门用语或日常用语(这类专门用语或日常用语一般都用第一人称。
常用的动词用：declare,wish,apologize,say,sentence,suggest,sympath 等)。
③一般现在时还可用于表示过去时间，因此动态的动词有：tell,say,hear,learn,gather等。
④ 一般现在时还可以表示将来时间。
这一用法主要用于藐视根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事件。
此外，也可以用于条件或事件时间状语从句，表示将来时间。
英语一： 考研英语一大纲
英语一：考研英语一大纲(非英语专业)(2013年版)I. 考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II. 考试形式和试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
(二)试卷结构试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
2013考研英语大纲：新增60个词汇详解
2013考研英语大纲：新增60个词汇详解2013年考研的孩子们，你们好!2013年考研新大纲英语一和二今天( 9月14日)和大家见面了。
新大纲删减许多词汇的同时新增60个词汇，新大纲应用文写作部分删除了摘要写作要求，大家不用准备摘要了。
英语二删除了阅读新题型中的判断正误题型。
别的方面没有改动。
这充分体现了教育部考试中心的维护安定团结以人为本的大方针。
近来，网上流传的新增700词，增加听力等新题型，阅读难度到专业八级都是没有根据的，扰乱人心的…希望同学们以后在考研政策上对政府要有信任，别信网上的谣传…考研的孩子，咱伤不起!目前，大家要认真反复精研真题，把真题读懂读透读熟读烂…同时背《2013年考研写作突破100题》(高等教育出版社出版，宫东风英语团队编写)。
孩子们，加油!Never say die! 2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)和(二)2013考试大纲新增的60个词汇详解：1accustomvt.使习惯于(to)：~ oneself to rising early使自己习惯于早起 / ~ sb. to sea life使某人习惯于海上生活 / ~ one’s ears to the din使自己的耳朵适应喧闹声2alienatevt.1使疏远，使不友好；离间；The management must never become ~d from the employees.管理层决不能脱离员工。
2【律】转让，让渡（财产等）3使转移；使转向?alienator n.3allegiancen.1（对国家、政府、事业、个人等的）忠诚；效忠，忠贞：give ~ to效忠于2（臣子对君主的）臣服义务3（侨民对所居国政府的）效忠义务4apen.1无尾猿；类人猿2猴3粗野的大汉4模仿者，学样的人vt.模仿，学…的样adj.〈口〉疯狂的；狂热的◇go ~〈口〉发疯；变得狂热：go ~ over a girl为一个姑娘神魂颠倒?apelike adj. / aper n.5archaeologyn.1考古学2（某民族的）文化遗迹，古迹?archaeological adj. / archaeologically adv. / archaeologist n. / archaeologize vi.6bail1n.【律】保释金；保释人；保释；accept (或refuse) ~ 准许（不准许）保释vt.1保释（某人）；（法官）将（在押犯）交保释放2 托付（财务）~ out 1保释：~ sb. out保释某人 2帮助（某人）脱离困境；从困境中摆脱出来 / forfeit ~ 保释后不出庭候审 / go (stand) ~ for 做…的保释人；为…提供保释金/ hold sb. to ~ 拘留某人直至交保 / jump ~〈口〉=forfeit ~ / on ~ 交保后：be out on ~ 在保释中 / post ~ 缴纳保释金 / save (surrender to) one’s ~ 保释后如期到庭受审bail2n.戽斗，桶（用来舀出船舱里的水）vt.舀（水）；从（船）中舀水(out)：~ (out) the boat （或~water out of a boat）舀出船舱里的水vi.舀出船舱里的水◇~ on〈美口〉让…失望 / ~ out 1（从飞机上）紧急跳伞2畏难而去?bailer n.bail3n.1[~s]【史】（城堡的）外层防卫桩；栅栏2（厩内的）横栏3（板球的）三柱门上的横木4〈澳〉（挤乳时）扣住母牛头部的闸架◇~ up〈澳〉1（挤乳时）用闸架扣住（母牛）的头部 2拦路抢劫 3〈口〉（尤指为交谈而）拦住，强行留住（某人）bail4n.1(车棚等)半圆形棚架2（壶、桶等的）半圆形拎环3（打字机上的）压纸杆7blogn.博客，网络日志8botanyn.1植物学2[总称]（某地区的）植物9buzzn.1嗡嗡声，蜂音2嘁嘁喳喳，噪杂声3〈口〉流言谣言4（蜂鸣器等发出的）信号声5〈口〉电话：give sb. a ~ 给某人打电话6骚动7〈美口〉（吸毒或饮酒产生的）陶醉感；兴奋vi.1（蜂等）嗡嗡叫，（机器等）营营响2用蜂鸣器发出信号3忙碌，忙乱；急行：~ about (或around)到处奔忙/ ~ along匆忙走过4嘁嘁喳喳；说闲话；充满低沉嘈杂的声音vt.1使嗡嗡叫，使营营响2用蜂鸣器传呼；〈口〉给…打电话3私下说出（或传播）；嘁嘁喳喳地表示；私下告诉（某人）：~ a rumour 暗中散播谣言 / The committee ~ed itsindignation. 委员们异口同声表示愤慨。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2013年考研英语一大纲：翻译考试模式固定
令人期盼已久的2013年考研(微博)大纲终于被揭开了神秘的面纱，前段时间考研界一直传的沸沸扬扬的是2013年考研会新增7、8百个词汇，这个消息无疑给正在紧张备考的考生们重磅一击（先前公布将2013年考研的时间提前至2013年1月5日和6日）。
考试时间提前了将近一个月而词汇新增7、8百个，这对于基础差的学生来说增加了极大的复习负担。
然而现如今当我们看到2013年的考研大纲时，我们如释重负。
对于英语一和英语二新大纲删减许多词汇的同时新增了60个词汇，新大纲应用文写作部分删除了摘要写作要求，大家不用准备摘要了。
英语二删除了阅读新题型中的判断正误题型。
其他的方面基本没有改动。
所以针对考研翻译这个模块，我们完全可以按照原来的步骤复习，在基础和暑期强化阶段，我们已经按照去年的大纲对考研翻译的考点进行了细致讲解，相信大家都掌握得差不多了。
考研翻译考点如下：
1.词汇层面
个别词在具体语境中的翻译（尤其是名词、动词、形容词）；代词；专有术语（人名、地名、机构名称）；
2.句法方面
定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）
3.被动语态
4.特殊结构
倒装结构、强调结构、插入结构、比较结构、否定结构、并列结构、省略结构等
在前期的复习过程中，我们发现同学们要想拿到这个满分10分，还是具有一些难度的。
针对拆分后的每个分句（通过一定时间的练习，大家对拆分都有了一定的把控，基本上能把一个复杂的句子按照采分点分成2个，3个或四个分句），但是拆分完了如何组合，对于部分学生来说就是弱点了，因为拆分涉及到每个分句个别词的翻译是否准确到位，再就是针对各个分句如何来排序使之更加符合汉语表达习惯。
通过观察学生的译文我们发现学生的主要弱点是不擅长或者没有意识通过语境去调整词的意思。
很多学生自认为自己的译文已经很好了，但是一对照参考译文觉得自己的译文一塌糊涂。
这是正常现象，翻译的重点就是考察学生通过具体语境确定具体词义的能力。
但是意识到自己的问题在今后的练习中多加注意，在老师的正确引导下，相信这个10分题型拿到令人满意的分值（一般学生拿到5-6分，复习较好的学生可以拿到8-9分）是大有希望的。
革命尚未成功，望同志们继续努力，提前预祝大家考试成功。