语法复习2 名词

语法专项二
名词
考点:
I. 可数名词及其单复数;
II.不可数名词及其量的表示方式；
III.名词所有格
IV.专有名词;
考点讲解:
I.可数名词的用法:
可数名词有单、复数变化。

单数名词前加a, an, the等冠词，
a car a book
在元音发音开头的单词前用 an
an elephant an honest boy
请区别：a useful machine
复数名词加-s或-es,或不规则变化。

可数名词复数形式的构成方法：
1.规则变化
1)一般在复数名词后加“ s ”
dog – dogs book – books
2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”
box – boxes watch – watches
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”
country – countries
★如果是元音字母加y结尾的,则只须加“s”
boy – boys monkey – monkeys
4)以o结尾的名词部分加“s”
radio – radios zoo – zoos
部分加es
*potato–potatoes *tomato–tomatoes
*mango-mangoes *hero-heroes
5)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”
* half – halves * shelf – shelves
*knife – knives * leaf – leaves
2.不规则变化
1)单复数同形:
Chinese--Chinese, Japanese--Japanese
sheep--sheep deer-- deer
fish--fish goldfish--goldfish
2)变元音字母oo为ee :
tooth – teeth, foot – feet
区别：boot-boots
3)变man为 men
man – men woman – women
policeman – policemen
Frenchman – Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人) – Germans
Walkman-Walkmans
4) 其它形式
child – children mouse – mice
5)一些名词做定语的复数构成分两种情况
(1)将中心词变为复数
a banana tree—some banana trees
a boy student—three boy students
bamboo shoot - bamboo shoots
(2) man, woman 构成的复合名词,每个名词都要变成复数 a man doctor – men doctors
a woman teacher – women teachers
注意： sports meeting
6) 常以复数形式出现的名词
clothes, trousers, glasses, goods
集合名词：people，police，audience
这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数
My clothes are newer than yours.
The police are checking the scene.
7) 既作可数又作不可数的名词, 但意思不同
glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
- glasses (眼镜) /sunglasses (太阳镜)
paper(纸) – a paper(报纸)
work(工作) – works(著作)
room(空间) – a room(房间)
exercise (运动) - exercises (练习)
fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果)
fish(鱼) – fishes(各种鱼)
hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发)
time(时间) – times(次数、时代)
fur (皮毛) – furs(皮毛制品)
II. 不可数名词
抽象名词和物质名词
water，rice，fish，meat 等。

特别记住：music, weather, fun, peace , knowledge, health, energy, traffic, advice work, chalk, time, space, money, cotton, homework, wood, information, medicine
news
不可数名词的用法：
1.不可数名词无复数，作主语谓语用单数
Some bread is over there.
No news is good news.
2.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of 等来表示不可数名词的量,单复
数表现在of 前面的名词上
There is a piece of paper in the book.
Three glasses of orange are on the desk.
注意：
可数名词也可用量来表示，of 后用复数
* There are two bags of books over there.
* We have five boxes of apples.
★名词做定语
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
* There are three banana trees over there.
2.man / woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
*We need a man teacher.
*They are all women workers.
3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
*a sports field *a clothes shop
4.当数词与单位名词一起做定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。

*He is an eleven-year-old boy.
*This is a two-hour plan.
5.名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。

Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一个大家庭,她的
家人都是老师。

*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜.
III. 名词所有格
1.’s/s’多用于表示有生命的东西
不以s结尾的加 --’ s , 以s结尾的加 --’
Tom ’ s book; my friend’ s uncle;
men’ s shoes; Children’ s Day
Teachers ’ Day; two weeks ’ holiday
用于表示时间距离等
New Year’s Day; five minutes’ walk = a five-minute walk
in a few years’ time = in a few years
2. 名词 + of +名词
用于表示无生命名词的所有关系
*the colour of the wall
*a picture of the classroom
名词所有格的几个注意点
1.可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词可省略
my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家）
go to the teachers’( office）(去老师办公室)
2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式
the cat’s name / the name of the cat
China’s capital/ the capital of China
3.表示两人共有,在最后一个名词后加“’s” Lucy and Lily’s room （两人共有一房间）
Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms（两人各有一间房间）
双重所有格
a +名词+of + ’s所有格
a friend of my father’s
a +名词+of +名词性物主代词
a friend of mine
IV.专有名词的用法
1. 人名、地名、国名、语言名，物品名。

开头字母大写。

例如：
Ann, Lucy, Tom, Coke, Beijing, Nanjing, Washington D.C. Christmas, New York’s Day, May Day, March, April, June, July,
Shanghai World Expo 2010
=The World Expo 2010 Shanghai
Nanjing Youth Olimpic Games
= the Youth Olimpic Games Nanjing
2.专有名词前一般不加冠词，也无复数。

e.g. English is spoken in England.
John lives on Lincoln Street.
Tuesday comes after Monday.
3.海洋,河流,山脉,岛屿等专有名词前加the。

e.g. the Pacific (Ocean),
the Yellow River,
the Taishan Mountains。