新人教八年级下英语期末总复习

八年级下时态总结：

过去进行时

1.过去进行时的构成

过去进行时由was/were+doing构成

2.过去进行时的用法

1）表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then，at that time，this time yesterday，at ten yesterday等连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。如：

--What were you doing at nine last night

--I was watching TV at that time.

He was reading when I came in.

I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.

2）过去进行时常和always等表频率的副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如：

Alice was always changing her mind.

3.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别

一般来说，如果强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个（已完成的）动作时应用一般过去时；而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行（是否完成不明确）时则用过去进行时。

练习：

Part 1 用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1.–What _____ you ______(do) at that time

--We __________(watch) TV.

2. I _________(have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday.

3. While we __________(wait) for the bus, a girl ________(run) up to us.

4. I ___________(telephone) a friend when Bob ________(come) in.

5. --_________ they ________(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon

--No, they ___________. They ________(clean) the classroom.

现在完成时

1.定义：表示现在动作已发生或状态已存在或过去的动作状态持续到现在，一般翻译成“已

经”，“….过”

1.表示过去已经发生但对现在情况有影响的动作，常与already, never, up to now, in the

last…years, yet（多用于否定句）, just, before等词连用。

He has gone to Beijing. (表示他不在这里。)

2.表示过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与since, for等连用。

We have not seen each other for ten years. (没见面的动作从十年前持续到现在。)

3.表示到现在为止，动作发生的状况，如：次数等。

I’ve been to Shanghai three times.

辨析：

Already: 多用于肯定句中，在用于疑问句中时，表示疑惑，惊讶或出乎意料。

Just：表示“刚”，一般放在谓语动词之前，表示刚刚完成的动作。

Since：意为“自…以来”，后可接表示起点时间的单词，也可接一个时间状语从句，多用于完成时态。Since表示持续到现在，用于完成时；after只表示在某一时刻之后，用于过去时。只有在It is … since这样的句子结构中，主句的谓语才可用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时。It is ten years since I saw you last time.

现在完成时还可以与“包括现在在内的”表示一段时间的状语连用，表示到说话时动作仍未结束。如：today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year..), these days等。

表示非延续性动作的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有：appear, begin, borrow, buy, close, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop等。have been to、have gone to 和have been in的区别

1）have be en to “去过某地”,强调说话以前的动作发生过或延续到现在

2）have gone to “已去某地”, 强调人已经离开，不在说话现场。

3）have been in “已在某地（待了多久）”, 若该地方为小地方，则用at代替in，若后面是there，here等时间副词，则have been后面不需要介词

现在完成时练习：

1. How long have you _______ here

A. come

B. got

C. arrived

D. been

2. My grandpa died _________.

A. at the age of my 2

B. for 2 years

C. when I was 2.

D. my age was 6.

3. Jane has _____ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.

A. been

B. gone

C. went

D. never been

4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.

A. after

B. since

C. for

D. that

will go to the station to meet Lorry

--I will. I _____ her several times.

A. met

B. have met

C. had met

D. will meet

6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it

--Just 2 weeks.

A. will, buy

B. did, buy

C. are, having

D. have, had

you know Lydia very well

--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.

A. have made

B. have become

C. have been

D. have turned

8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.

A. has lived

B. lived

C. have been

D. live

9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black