2018年江苏省扬州市中考英语试卷

2018年江苏省扬州市中考英语试卷
一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，计15分）在下列各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。

1. ﹣Who is the lady in red？
﹣Miss Gao． She teaches________English．（）
A.we
C.our
D.ours
【答案】
B
【考点】
人称代词
【解析】
﹣﹣穿红衣服的那位女士是谁？
﹣﹣高小姐，她教我们英语．
【解答】
考查代词．A我们，主格．B我们，宾格．C我们的，形容词性物主代词．D我们的，名词性物主代词．结合语境"﹣﹣穿红衣服的那位女士是谁？﹣﹣高小姐，她教__英语．"可知，应该是"我们"，动词后用宾格us．
故选：B．
2. ﹣________does Joanna take the course in DIY？
﹣Every Saturday afternoon．（）
A.How long
B.How much
C.How soon
D.How often
【答案】
D
【考点】
频度（how often）
【解析】
﹣﹣乔安娜多长时间上一次DIY课程？
﹣﹣每周六下午．
【解答】
考查疑问词组．how long多久，对一段时间或长度提问．how much多少钱．how soon "多快/多久以后"，其后用in加一段时间来回答．how often多久，对频率提问．结合语境"每周六下午．"．可知，对频率提问，用疑问词组how often多久．
故选：D．
3. ﹣Where would you like to go tomorrow， Beijing or Xi'an？
﹣ ________is O
K.It's up to you．（） A.Either
B.Neither
C.Both
D.All
【答案】
A
【考点】
代词辨析
﹣﹣明天你想去哪里，北京还是西安？
﹣﹣两个中的任何一个都可以，由你决定．
【解答】
考查代词．A（两者之中）任何一个．B（两者）都不．C两者都．D全部．结合语境"
﹣﹣明天你想去哪里，北京还是西安？﹣﹣__都可以，由你决定．"．及is单数，可知，应该是"（两者之中）任何一个"都可以．
故选：A．
4. —I offered Sandy a helping hand. However, she ______ it.
—Maybe she can manage herself.
A.received
B.returned
C.refused
D.rewarded
【答案】
C
【考点】
动词辨析
【解析】
此题暂无解析
【解答】
C 考查动词辨析。

A收到；B返回；C拒绝；D奖励。

结合语境：——我向桑迪伸出援
助之手，但她 ______ 了。

——也许她能自己完成。

可知，应该是“拒绝”了。

故选C。

5. ﹣Mr Wu has recommended many books． Have you decided ________first？
﹣Yes． The Little Prince．（）
A.how to read
B.which to read
C.when to read
D.where to read
【答案】
B
【考点】
宾语从句
【解析】
﹣﹣吴先生推荐了许多书．你决定先读哪本了吗？
﹣﹣是的，《小王子》．
【解答】
根据Have you decided 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序；再根
据The Little Prince，可知这里应该是说看哪一个．
故选：B．
6. ﹣If I want to be an astronaut， how will I get to be one？
﹣You________do well in school and tame your fears．（）
A.may
B.can
C.must
D.could
【答案】
C
【考点】
情态动词
【解析】
﹣﹣如果我想成为一名宇航员，我将如何成为一名宇航员呢？
﹣﹣你必须做好学业，抑制你的恐惧．
考查情态动词．A可能．B能．C必须．D可以．结合语境"﹣﹣如果我想成为一名宇航员，我将如何成为一名宇航员呢？﹣﹣你__做好学业，抑制你的恐惧．"．可知，应该是"必须"．
故选：C．
7. Hawking is no longer with us，________he will continue to inspire the world．（）
A.so
B.if
C.but
D.as
【答案】
C
【考点】
连词辨析
【解析】
霍金不再和我们在一起，但他将继续激励世界．
【解答】
考查连词．A所以．B如果、是否．C但是．D作为．结合语境"霍金不再和我们在一起，__他将继续激励世界．"．可知，表示转折，用but但是．
故选：C．
8. The Queqiao satellite（卫星） will form a________bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon．（）
A.contribution
munication
C.celebration
petition
【答案】
B
【考点】
名词辨析
【解析】
鹊桥卫星将形成地球与月球的远端之间的通信桥梁．
【解答】
考查名词．A贡献．B通信．C庆祝．D竞争．结合语境"鹊桥卫星将形成地球与月球的远端之间的___桥梁．"．可知，应该是"通信"．
故选：B．
9. Hi， guys， please write three facts you________last term in your project．（）
A.learned
B.are learning
C.have learned
D.learn
【答案】
A
【考点】
一般过去时
【解析】
你好，家伙们，请写下上学期在你的项目中学到的三个事实．
【解答】
结合last term表达的是过去的动作，故用一般过去时．
故选：A．
﹣She ________London since four months ago．（）
A.went to
B.has gone to
C.has been to
D.has been in
【答案】
D
【考点】
现在完成时
其他动词短语
【解析】
﹣﹣﹣你姐姐什么时候去英国？
﹣﹣﹣﹣她自从四个月前就去了伦敦．
【解答】
结合since four months ago可知动作发生在过去，持续了一段时间，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，has gone to去了某地，has been to 去过某地，has been in在某地待一段时间，说话时去了英国，排除C．has gone to不能与一段时间连用，
故选：D．
11. We should stop ________ fireworks to reduce pollution.
A.getting off
B.turning off
C.taking off
D.setting off
【答案】
D
【考点】
V.+off
【解析】
我们应该停止燃放烟花爆竹以减少污染。

【解答】
D 考查动词短语。

A. 离开，下（车）；B. 关掉；C. 起飞；D. 点燃，燃放。

结合语境“我们应该停止 ________ 烟花爆竹以减少污染。

”可知，应该是“燃放”，故选D。

12. ﹣What are you watching？
﹣The Story of China． This part________at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2014．（）
A.filmed
B.was filmed
C.has filmed
D.is filmed
【答案】
B
【考点】
一般过去时的被动语态
【解析】
﹣﹣你在看什么？
﹣﹣《中国故事》，这部电影是在2014年在扬州的中国雕版印刷博物馆拍摄的．
【解答】
从 in 2014判断时态是一般过去时，而主语表示动作的承受者，句子使用一般过去时的被动语态，构成were/was+动词的过去分词．
故选：B．
13. —I can't afford the white dress.
—What about the orange one? The price is a little ______.
C.lower
D.more expensive
【答案】
C
【考点】
形容词辨析
【解析】
——我买不起这个白色的裙子。

——这个橙色的呢？价钱便宜些。

【解答】
C 考查形容词。

A更便宜的；B更高的；C更低的；D更贵的。

根据上句，前面有：我买不起这个白色的裙子，后面应该是这个更便宜些，The price is a little ______，价格低用lower，故选C。

14. ﹣You must hand in your report tomorrow．
﹣What？________．We can't finish it that quickly．（）
A.No way
B.No problem
C.That's right
D.That's for sure
【答案】
A
【考点】
其他情景交际话题
【解析】
﹣﹣你明天必须交报告．
﹣﹣什么？不可能．我们不能那么快完成．
【解答】
No way不可能；No problem 没问题；That's right对的；That's for sure那当然．从We can't finish it that quickly判断这里应该说的是不可能．
故选：A．
15. ﹣I'm tired out．
﹣How can you be manager and accountant at one time？________．（）
A.The early bird catches the worm
B.Don't put all your eggs in one basket
C.Actions speak louder than words
D.Don't burn the candle at both ends
【答案】
D
【考点】
谚语习语
【解析】
﹣我累坏了．
﹣你怎么能同时做经理和会计呢？别操劳过度．
【解答】
选项A意为：早起来的鸟能捉到虫子，笨鸟先飞，选项B意为：不要孤注一掷，选项C意为：事实胜于雄辩．选项D意为：别操劳过度；结合句意：﹣我累坏了．﹣你怎么能同时做经理和会计呢？别操劳过度．
二、完形填空（共15分）阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

One afternoon a few months after Tom and I were married． Max walked into the dining room, where I was looking through my old photos．
These months I was learning to let Max come （1）_______on his own． If I moved too quickly, he ran away． If I was（2）_______, we often ended up playing, laughing, and recently, even sitting together on the sofa with a book．
"Who' s that? " he pointed to one photo．
"My mom． I suppose she is your（3）_______Sylvia．"
"Cool． Who is that to me? "
"That was my grandfather． He died a few months ago．"
"Hmm． Too bad he had to die．"
Death is always a painful（4）_______, especially for a seven﹣year﹣old child who'd lost his mother only two years before． I secretly put away the pictures of（5）
_______relatives．
He began to finger through the photos． "Who is that to me?
Under his finger I could see my own face． I should have known the answer to his（6）_______question． But I said, "I'm your（7）_______mom． I' m sorry that your first mom died．"
"What should I call you? " he asked．
Mom, I wanted to cry． I held back．
"You can call me Mom or Betsy．（8）_______feels OK for you．"
I waited, expecting a pronouncement of my new（9）_______．
"Sweet, " he said, walking out of the room．
For a couple of days afterward, Max （10）_______a new title for me． "Can we go bowling? " "Can I watch TV? " he'd ask, and then（11）_______the questions by mouthing the word Mom． Mom was always（12）_______．
One weekend, he suddenly said, "I notice I don't call you Mom．"
"I noticed that too．"
"（13）_______ I say Betsy, I mean Mom． Moms die, you know． I think it's maybe （14）_______ if you' re just Betsy．"
Tears（眼泪） were filling my eyes．
"Hey, Betsy? "
"Yeah, " I said, taking pleasure in the new （15）_______of my old name．
（1）
A.down
B.near
C.close
D.back
（2）
A.kind
B.patient
C.helpful
D.confident
（3）
A.grandmother
B.mother
C.aunt
D.cousin
（4）
（5）
A.dead
B.boring
C.unknown
D.strict
（6）
A.simple
B.proper
C.stupid
D.funny
（7）
A.natural
B.past
C.only
D.second
（8）
A.Whoever
B.Whatever
C.That
D.Anybody
（9）
A.position
C.title
D.call
（10）
A.worked out
B.turned out
C.carried out
D.tried out
（11）
A.answer
B.follow
C.confirm
D.raise
（12）
A.alive
B.wise
C.silent
D.lost
（13）
A.Until
B.Before
C.When
D.Unless
（14）
A.politer
B.safer
C.sadder
D.riskier
（15）
A.pronunciation
B.announcement
C.voice
D.sound 【答案】
C
B
A
A
A
A
D
B
C
A
B
C
B
【考点】
记叙文完形
【解析】
本文说的是一个继母和继子相处的过程中发生的感人的故事．马克斯从不喊自己的新
妈妈叫妈妈，后来，经过交流后，新妈妈才知道男孩的内心世界和他的良苦用心．
【解答】
（1）C．考查介词．down向下；near在……附近；close挨着；back在……后面．句意：最近，我正在学着让马克斯自己（主动）接近我．根据下文" If I moved too quickly， he ran away"和" If I was（2）， we often ended up playing， laughing， and recently， even sitting together on the sofa with a book"可知，如果"我"主动接近他，他就会跑开，如果
我耐心点，"我们"就可以一起玩耍等，故知空格处为"接近"之意，故选C．
（2） B．考查形容词．kind和蔼的；patient有耐心的；helpful有帮助的；confident有信心的．句意：如果我耐心点，我们常常最终就可在一起玩耍、大笑，最近甚至一起
坐在沙发上读一本书．根据上文" If I moved too quickly， he ran away"可知，如果"我"着急去靠近他，他反而会逃走；如果"我"有耐心，"我们"就能够一起玩耍等，故选B．（3） A．考查名词．grandmother（外）祖母；mother妈妈；aunt姑姑（姨母）；cousin堂（表）兄（弟，姐，妹）．句意：我想她是你的外祖母西尔维娅．根据下文
"I'm your（7）mom"和" I' m sorry that your first mom died"可知，"我"是这个孩子（马克斯）的继母，故知"我的"妈妈是他的"外祖母"，故选A，
（4） A．考查名词．subject课程（主题/话题）；speech演讲；message消息；sign标志．句意：死亡是个痛苦的话题，特别是对于一个两年前才失去妈妈啊七岁孩子来说．根据上文可知，他们在谈话，告知空格处为"话题"之意，故选A．
（5） A．考查形容词．dead死亡的；boring无聊的；unknown不知道的；strict严格的．句意：我把去世的亲人的照片收起来．根据上文"Death is always a painful（4），especially for a seven﹣year﹣old child who'd lost his mother only two years before"可知，
作者觉得跟一个刚刚失去妈妈两年的小孩子谈论失去的亲人太痛苦，故知空格处为"死
去的"之意，故选A．
（6） A．考查形容词．simple简单的；proper合适的；stupid愚蠢的；funny滑稽的．句意：我本应该知道他这个简单问题的答案．根据上文"Who is that to me"可知，
男孩问的是个"简单的"问题，即"这个人是我的什么人？"，故选A．
（7）D．考查形容词．natural自然的；past过去的；only唯一的；second第二的．句意：我是你的第二个妈妈．根据下文" I' m sorry that your first mom died"可知，男孩的
第一个母亲（生母）已去世，故作者是他的"第二个"妈妈，故选D．
（8） B．考查疑问副词（代词）．Whoever任何人；Whatever任何事；That那个；Anybody任何人．句意：你觉得合适的任何称呼．空格处为句子的主语，且代指事物，故用whatever引导句子，故选B．
（9） C．考查名词．position位置；name名字；title称呼；call喊叫（电话）．句意：
我等待着，期望听到我的新称呼．根据上文"You can call me Mom or Betsy"可知，"我"
是他的妈妈，这就他对我的"称呼"，故选C．
（10）A．考查动词短语．worked out解决（作出）；turned out结果是（制造/关掉）；carried out 执行（开展）；tried out尝试．句意：从那以后过了几天，马克斯就给我设
计了一个新称呼．根据句中其他部分可知，空格处为"想出：起了（……称呼）"之意，
故选A．
（11） B．考查动词．answer回答；follow跟从；confirm确认；raise提出（举
意思是他在这些问句的之后装腔作势（不出声）地说出"妈妈"这个词，故知空格处为"
跟在……之后"之意，故选B．
（12）C．考查形容词．alive活着的；wise明智的；silent无声的；lost丢失的．句意：妈妈（这个词）总是无声的（发不出来）．根据上文"and then（11）the questions by mouthing the word Mom"可知，男孩总是不把"妈妈"这个词说出来，故知此处为"无声的"之意，结合下文"I notice I don't call you Mom"也可验证．故选C．
（13） C．考查连词及状语从句．Until直到；Before在……之前；When当……的时候；Unless除非．句意：当我说贝特西的时候，我就是指妈妈．逗号之前的句子表示时间，即时间状语从句，故用when引导，表示"当……的时候"，故选C．
（14）B．考查形容词比较级．politer比较礼貌的；safer更安全的；sadder更伤心的；riskier更冒险．句意：我想也许你仅仅是特西的话就比较安全．根据上文"Moms die，you know"可知，妈妈是会死的，故男孩宁愿直呼自己的妈妈（继母）的名字，而不愿喊"妈妈"，因为他觉得这样"比较安全"，故选B．
（15） B．考查名词．pronunciation发音；announcement声明；voice声音；sound声音．句意：很是高兴听到又有人喊我的原名．根据上文"Hey， Betsy"可知，男孩又喊
了一声"我的"原名贝特西（注：在英美国家，女人结婚后要冠以夫姓，所以自己的原
名一般就没人叫了），而作者乐意听到有人这么叫，故选B．
三、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中
选出一个最佳答案。

Think of the animal world, and a group of colorful wild animals will spring to mind: a parrot's rainbow feathers or the showy scales of sea fish． But, many mammals（哺乳动物）on the planet come in only two colors: black and white． Spend some time exploring what science has discovered about these animals' appearances, and you' ll see that basic black
and white isn't so basic at all．
（1）According to the passage， which of the following sentences is TRUE？________
A. The panda's white parts help it hide against snow．
B. Both white spots and white stripes help skunks kill their victims．
C. Zebras with wider stripes are less attractive to flies．
D. Scientists have already known all the secrets about the stripes．．
（2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" mean？________
C. Being easily discovered．
D. Being easily attacked．．
（3）Which could be the best title of the passage？________
A. Why Animal Stripes Come in Different Shapes
B. Why So Many Animals Wear Black﹣and﹣White Coats
C. How Wild Animals Protect Themselves from Enemies
D. How Black and White Become Basic Colors in Animal World．
【答案】
A
D
B
【考点】
其他话题阅读
【解析】
短文讲了几种黑白相间的动物，包括熊猫、臭鼬和斑马身上黑白的颜色，详细的介绍了它们的作用．
【解答】
（1）A 细节判断题．根据表格一句子The panda's white body helps it hide in snowy areas．可知熊猫的白色身体帮助它藏在雪域．故选A．
（2）D 词义猜测题．根据前后句Zebras' thin coats make them more vulnerable than long ﹣haired animals to biting flies that carry disease．可知结合选项，应说斑马的薄外套使它们比长毛动物更容易让携带疾病的苍蝇咬伤．所以vulnerable意为易受攻击，即Being easily attacked．容易受攻击．故选D．
（3）B 主旨归纳题．根据整篇文章内容及其第一段句子But， many mammals（哺乳动物） on the planet come in only two colors： black and white． Spend some time exploring what science has discovered about these animals' appearances， and you' ll see that basic black and white isn't so basic at all．但是，地球上的许多哺乳动物只有两种颜色：黑色和白色．花一些时间探索科学发现这些动物的外表，你会发现基本的黑白根本就不那么简单．可知为什么这么多动物穿着黑白相间的外套．故选B．
I saved the grain carefully and finally had enough to plant． I built a wall around my garden to keep the wild goats away．
Then when my crop bore its fruit, the birds discovered it． The birds were not afraid of my dog at all． I shot them but as soon as I walked away, they returned． At last, I killed some birds and hung them among the crop, hoping they would serve as the scarecrows, which turned out to be successful． By harvest time, I had nearly two bushels of rice and two and a half bushels of wheat．
With my new grain to store, I found ________． The fine grain ran through my baskets． It took me nearly two months to form and dry two ugly pots﹣ one for rice and one for wheat．
Next I formed a clay oven and made some other tools from hard wood and cloth to bake bread． I made and baked bread in my oven． I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking．
Soon after that, I began to think of my days sailing in a tidy boat with Xury． I wished to have a boat and explore the island by sea．
determined to have a boat． So I chose a strong tree and spent weeks cutting it
down． Then it took me months to turn it from tree to boat．
When it was time to launch, I realized I had made my boat too far from the nearest stream． The boat was far too heavy for me to move． I tried bringing the water to the boat instead of the boat to the water． I soon saw it would take me twenty years of constant labor．
I celebrated my fourth year on the island with two boats, but I ________．
﹣﹣﹣﹣Taken from The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
（1）Paragraph 2 mainly tells us________．
A.how much rice and wheat I harvested．
B.how many tools I made to bake bread．
C.how I protected my crop from the birds．
D.how I kept the wild goats away from my crop．
（2）What does "a new problem" in Paragraph 3 refer to？________
A.How to plant grain．
B.How to make pots．
C.How to store grain．
D.How to fix the baskets．
（3）By the last sentence "I was no closer to a sea journey"， the writer means________．
A.I was getting closer and closer to the sea．
B.I was getting farther and farther from the sea．
C.it was possible for me to have a sea journey in my boats．
D.it was still impossible for me to explore the island by sea．
（4）What can we infer（推断） from the passage ？________
A.I managed to turn over the ship's boat．
B.I spent months bringing the boat to the nearest stream．
C.I tried to solve the problems with my courage and wisdom．
D.I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking．
【答案】
C
C
D
C
【考点】
人物故事类阅读
【解析】
短文讲了《鲁滨孙漂流记》的内容，详细讲了作者是怎样在岛上生活和克服困难的．【解答】
（1） C 段意归纳题．根据第二段内容及其句子Then when my crop bore its fruit， the birds discovered it． The birds were not afraid of my dog at all． I shot them but as soon as I walked away． they returned． At last， I killed some birds and hung them among the crop，hoping they would serve as the scarecrows， which turned out to be successful．当我的庄
稼结了果实，鸟就发现了它．鸟儿一点也不怕我的狗．我射杀了他们，但我走了之后．他们回来了．最后，我杀了一些鸟，把它们挂在庄稼中间，希望它们能像稻草人
一样，结果证明是成功的．可知第二段主要说的是我如何保护我的作物免受鸟类的影响．故选C．
（2）C 细节推理题．根据前后句With my new grain to store， I found a new problem． The fine grain ran through my baskets随着我的新谷物的储存，我发现了一个
新的问题．细粮穿过我的篮子．可知a new problem指的是如何存储粮食．故选C．（3）D 细节推理题．根据前句 The boat was far too heavy for me to move． I tried bringing the water to the boat instead of the boat to the water． I soon saw it would take
me twenty years of constant labor．这条船太重了，我搬不动．我试着把水带到船上，
而不是把船送到水里．我很快就看到，这将需要我20年的不懈劳动．I celebrated my fourth year on the island with two boats， but I was no closer to a sea journey．我在岛上
用两艘船庆祝我的第四年．但我离海上旅行并不近．可知结合选项，作者的意思为我
仍然无法通过海岛探险．故选D．
（4）C 细节推理题．根据整篇文章内容及其句子Then when my crop bore its fruit， the birds discovered it． The birds were not afraid of my dog at all． I shot them but as soon as I walked away， they returned．At last， I killed some birds and hung them among the crop，hoping they would serve as the scarecrows， which turned out to be successful．当我的庄
稼结了果实，鸟就发现了它．鸟儿一点也不怕我的狗．我射杀了他们，但我一走，他
们就回来了．最后，我杀了一些鸟，把它们挂在庄稼中间，希望它们能像稻草人一样，结果证明是成功的．和后文遇到的问题，也都想办法解决了．可知我试图用我的勇气
和智慧来解决这些问题．故选C．
This spring, the town of Oso saw twice the usual rainfall． When the sun finally
shone, LoAnna and Kris's three older kids ran outside． Inside, LoAnna nursed their four﹣month﹣old Kristian． Suddenly LoAnna heard a loud noise． She rushed outside in time to see a half﹣mile﹣wide mud and sand thundering down the hill toward them, knocking over hundreds of trees．Mudslide（泥流）!
LoAnna gathered everyone into the bedroom farthest from the falling hillside and waited． Kris got a call from LoAnna． He hurriedly drove home．
Highway 530 was covered with thick sand, fallen trees． Kris had to run home．
The mud came up to his knees． Suddenly he heard a woman screaming for help． He pulled through mud, over pieces of houses to the source of the cries．
At first, he saw an arm reaching up through the debris． There, a woman, buried under pieces of walls, furniture, and trees, was holding a baby． Finally, he freed the baby． By this time, other citizens had come．
After saving the woman, Kris moved on． He was still a mile from home． Ahead lay two fallen houses． He heard a moan． Stepping toward the house, Kris nearly killed himself in the mud． An older man was trapped in house debris． He was twice Kris's weight． He'd have to wait for more help．
Just then, Kris heard another man moaning from the second house． Kris pulled away some pieces of the house, but the man was buried too deeply for him．
Hearing helicopter（直升飞机） on the roof, Kris climbed up, met a member of the search﹣and﹣rescue team and led him to the first man． Then he headed back and kept digging until he could turn the second man over． After the rest of the team arrived, Kris moved on to find his family．
Kris finally reached home． It was flooded, but the mud had stopped just shy of the house． His truck was gone, as were LoAnna and the others． He checked cars and houses nearby for survivors, then ran to the command center．
Not long after he arrived, he saw his truck coming down the road． LoAnna jumped out． Kris was praised by the Red Cross for his heroics．
（1）The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to________．
A.create an unusual setting of the story．
B.introduce the central idea of the story．
C.describe a turning point of the story．
D.review the main character of the story．
（2）Which of the following is the correct order of the story ？________a． Kris found a man buried too deeply for him．
b． Kris heard a woman screaming for help．
c． Kris led a rescue member to save the older man．
d． Kris found LoAnna， kids and his truck gone．
e． Kris was nearly killed in the mud．
A.beacd．
B.badec．
C.aecbd．
D.aedbc．
（3）Which of the following sentences is TRUE ？________
A.Kris saved three persons in all．
B.Kris saved the baby by himself．
C.Kris pulled the first man out of mud．
D.Kris found some survivors near his house．
（4）Which sentence best shows the central theme in the text ？________
A.Kris got a call from LoAnna．
B.He was still a mile from home．
C.He saw his truck coming down the road．
D.Kris was praised by the Red Cross for his heroics．
【答案】
A
A
B
D
【考点】
人物故事类阅读
【解析】
这篇文章主要介绍了在一场泥石流的灾害中，Kris在回家途中英勇救出很多被困
者．他的家人没有受到伤害．他的英勇事迹受了到红十字会的赞扬．
【解答】
（1）A 细节理解题．根据第一二段内容This spring， the town of Oso saw twice the usual rainfall． When the sun finally shone， LoAnna and Kris's three older kids ran outside． Inside， LoAnna nursed their four﹣month﹣old Kristian． Suddenly LoAnna heard a loud noise． She rushed outside in time to see a half﹣mile﹣wide mud and sand thundering down the hill toward them， knocking over hundreds of trees．今年春天，Oso 镇的降雨量是平常的两倍．当阳光最后照耀的时候，LoAnna 和 Kris的三个孩子跑出去．在室内，LoAnna 照顾他们四个月大的 Kristian．突然， LoAnna 听到一声巨响．她
及时冲到外面，看到半英里宽的泥土和沙子从山上冲下来，向他们冲去．击倒了了几百棵树．Mudslide（泥流）!泥石流！可知前两段的目的是创造一个不寻常的故事背景．故选A．
（2）A细节排序题．根据第八行句子 Suddenly he heard a woman screaming for help．突然，他听到一个女人在喊救命．倒数第九行句子 Stepping toward the house，Kris nearly killed himself in the mud．克里斯走向房子，差点在泥里丧生．倒数第七行句子 Kris pulled away some pieces of the house， but the man was buried too deeply for him．克里斯把房子里的一些东西拿走了，但是这个人被埋葬得太深了．倒数第六行句子 Hearing helicopter（直升飞机） on the roof， Kris climbed up， met a member of the search﹣and﹣rescue team and led him to the first man．听到屋顶上直升飞机的声音，Kris 爬上去， Kris 遇到了一个搜救队的成员，并把他带到了第一个人那里．倒数第四行句子 His truck was gone， as were LoAnna and the others．他的卡车不见了，LoAnna和其他人也不见了．可知结合选项，正确顺序是beacd．故选A．
（3）B 细节判断题．根据第九行句子Finally， he freed the baby．最后，他解救了婴儿．可知Kris自己救了这个孩子．故选B．
（4） D 细节理解题．根据整篇文章的叙述以及最后一行句子Kris was praised by the Red Cross for his heroics．Kris的英勇事迹受到红十字会的赞扬．可知本文的中心主题是Kris的英勇事迹受到红十字会的赞扬．故选D．
"Growing up, Einstein saw his father struggle to support the family and move the family for different jobs, Einstein had to move between schools and it was challenging for him to catch up with his new class．"
This story about the struggles（奋斗）of famous scientists can't be found in your regular science textbook, but a new study suggested maybe it should be．
In the study, 402 9th﹣ and 10th﹣grade students from four New York City high schools in low﹣income areas were divided into three groups． The students read some 800﹣word stories about Albert Einstein and Marie Curie． The control group read a regular science textbook description about their great achievements． Another group read about the scientists' personal struggles, like Einstein's running away from Nazi Germany． The third group read about the scientists' intellectual struggles, as they tried different experiments﹣﹣﹣ and failed．
As it turned out, the students who had read about scientists' struggles, whether personal or intellectual, had higher grades than students who had read about achievements． Those who weren't getting good grades to begin with gained the most． Those in the control group not only didn't see a grade increase, they had lower grades than the grading before the study began．
"We think that struggle stories showed scientists' weaknesses．" the researchers
write, "which creates a sense of connection between the students and scientists． And that may make it easier for students to see them as role models．"
"When kids think Einstein is a talent who is untouchable, then they believe they will never get there, "said lead researcher Xiaodong Lin﹣Siegler, PhD．
If we want to educate a future generation of great scientists, we can start by changing the way we talk about the great scientists of the past． An 800﹣word story about scientists' failures, not just their achievements, in science textbooks will make it happen．
（1）What does the article mainly talk about？________
A.Learning about struggles of scientists may help students succeed in science．
B.Reading stories of scientists' achievements will help educate future scientists．
C.Science textbooks should describe scientists' failures instead of their achievements．
D.Stories of scientists' struggles may make students see scientists as being untouchable．
（2）From Paragraph 4， we can know that________．
A.those good at science achieved most from this exercise．
B.the control group had lower grades than the other two groups．
C.the students' grades in the control group remained the same．
D.the students in the third group had the highest grades．
（3）What's the main idea for Paragraphs 5 and 6？________
A.Findings of the study．
B.Explanations from the researchers．
C.Process of the study．
D.Suggestions from the researchers．
（4）In the study， which of the following would the third group probably read？________
A.Einstein won many awards in his life， including the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics．
B.Going to college was hard for Curie because at that time women were not allowed to attend school．
C.By the time she reached college， Curie was able to understand five languages that top scientists spoke at that time．
D.Often working hour after hour and day after day，Curie devoted herself to solving challenging problems and learning from her mistakes．
【答案】
A
B
B
D
【考点】
人物故事类阅读
【解析】
在成长过程中，爱因斯坦看到他的父亲为了养家糊口而挣扎着，为不同的工作搬家，爱因斯坦不得不在学校之间搬家，他很难赶上他的新班级．爱因斯坦的故事在科学教科书中并未找到．但是一项新的研究表明也许应该如此．在这项研究中，来自低收入地区的四所纽约高中的402名九年级和十年级学生被分为三组，分别阅读科学家有关个人的奋斗过程、智力斗争的过程以及科学成就．结果发现：读过有关科学家个人奋斗或者智力斗争的学生有助于他们在科学上取得成功．
【解答】
（1）A．考查主旨大意题，根据第三段分组实验的介绍，第四段介绍实验的结论：读过有关科学家奋斗的学生，无论是个人还是知识分子，都比读过成绩的学生成绩更高．第五段研究人员分析产生这一现象的原因．文章最后一段可知：如果我们想教育未来一代伟大的科学家，我们可以从改变我们谈论过去伟大科学家的方式入手．由此可知这篇文章主要讲述了了解科学家的奋斗史可能有助于学生在科学上取得成功．故选：A．
（2）B．考查推理判断题，根据 As it turned out，the students who had read about scientists' struggles， whether personal or intellectual， had higher grades than students。