正说反译和反说正译
正说反译-反说正译
“It + be + adj. + noun + that…”句式的反面着笔 译法： (17) It is a wise father that knows his own child. 聪明的父亲也未必了解他自己的孩子。 (18) It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 坏事未必对人人都有害处。 (19) It is a good workman that never blunders. 智者千虑必有一失。 (20) It is a long lane that has no turning. 凡事总有变化，还会永远不变。
(1) I couldn’t agree more. (2) You couldn’t be better off, could you? (3) Nothing is farther from the truth. (4) I can hardly imagine two men less capable of getting on together. (5) I was weighed down with grief; my friend’s books offered little release, less escape. (6) He could not care less about money.
(6) They didn’t praise him in the slightest. (7) I’m afraid not. (8) I don’t know how often I haven’t warned you. (9) His speech leaves much to be desired. (10) No news is good news.
翻译常用的八种技巧
翻译常用的八种技巧翻译常用的八种技巧1.重译法（repetition）2.增译法(amplification)3.减译法(omission)4.词类转移法（conversion）5.词序调整法（inversion）6.分译法（division）7.正说反译、反说正译法（negation）8.语态变换法（the change of the voices）第一节重译法（repetition）在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实地表达原文的意思。
这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。
重译法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的是上文出现的词。
重译法有三个作用：一是为了明确；而是为了强调；三是为了生动。
一、为了明确，有时需要重复宾语。
在英语中，一句话里两个动词共用一个宾语，宾语只在第二个动词之后出现一次。
而在汉语中，这样的宾语要在每个动词后分别出现。
定语后的名词亦是如此。
如：1.We have to analyse and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
2.I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I can not keep.我想吃什么就吃什么，想喝什么就和什么，眼睛睁不开了就睡觉。
3.人类利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。
People use naturalscience to understand and change nature.4.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation oftenshowthemselves in its speech.民族的贵族倾向和民族倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
5.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
Let’s revise our safety andsanitary regulations.二、英语常用省略，但为了明确，也为了强调某些内容，在汉语中常常要将省去的部分重译出来。
正说反译
1、正说反译：Miss the bus没有赶上车Live up to the expectations of my parent不辜负父母的期望Be absent from the meeting没有出席会议A final decision不可更改的决定Frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱Freeze别动Mortally ill不治之症The window refuses to open窗户打不开Children were excluded from getting in the building 儿童不许进入这个房间The explanation is pretty thin这个解释站不住脚I have fallen behind with my correspondence我有一些信件还没有回复Fully clothes, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep 衣服也不脱，他往床上横着一倒，不一会儿就睡着了Don’t lose time in posting this letter不要忘了寄这封信No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced凭票退押金例1：原文：她忍住了没有笑出声。
译文：She refrained from laughing.例2：原文：花园根本无人整理。
译文：The garden was in a state of total neglect.例3：原文：我不能忍受你的脾气。
译文：Your temper is more than I can bear.例4：原文：他宁死不屈。
译文：He would die before yielding.例5：原文：生活远非净是乐事。
译文：Life is far from being a bed of roses.例6：原文：风景美得无以言表。
四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧
四种翻译方法1.直译和意译所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。
当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。
意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。
（张培基）应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。
Literal translation refers to an adequaterepresentation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used.Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the orig in al.（郭著章）直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。
（陈宏薇）简单地说，直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法，句子结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法，另觅同意等效的表达方法，或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。
Negation(正说反译、反说正译)
Translation concerning negationAims: to understand the features of Chinese and English as regards negation, the application of negation in the process of translationKey points: the application of negation in the process of translationDifficulties: affirmative 肯定in Chinese but negative in English, negative in Chinese but affirmative in EnglishTeaching procedures:Negation being an important conception in one’s expression of thoughts, expressions of negations is to be found in any tongue. This is naturally true of Chinese and English. However, the ways of indicating negation are quite different in the two languages. This frequently causes a lot of trouble to translators, who if not careful enough, would often make mistakes.1. Features of the two languages as regards negation●1. Both languages have negatives or expressions formed with negatives. In modern Chinese, the much-used negative words are: 不,没,别. These words express three different meanings: 不signifies表示denial of a statement;没denial of a being or occurrence(,非and 否can be put under this category);别dissuasion or prohibition(甭,勿,and 莫can be put under this category)●The oft-used negatives in English are “not”, and “no”, in addition to “nothing”, ”nobody” “none”, “without”, “ neither…nor”, “never”, etc.●Chinese negatives are generally capable of producing derivatives, particularly the word 不, 无and 非. Their derivatives are equivalent to English words formed by adding affixes, e.g. 不法unlawful, 不便inconvenient, 无边boundless,非正规军irregulars●In English, apart from using negatives to express negation, words with a negative sense can be formed by adding affixes to roo t words. The affixes thus used are mainly “less”suffix “un” “in”, and “non”●However, English words formed with affixes with a negative, while adjective and nouns formed with “un” such as “unavoidable” and “unbelief” are negative, for instance, verbs forme d with affixes such as “unclasp” and “uncork” affirmative.●In Chinese, words formed with negatives are generally negative in sense but in some cases they assume new meaning like 非常, which practically means 很.●In English, the same word formed with a different affix differs in meaning (compare discord with uncord). Sometimes, words formed with different affixes 词缀with a negative sense would produce words with different implications含义---derogatory贬义and the other non-derogatory褒义. For instance, immoral means 不道德,and is therefore derogatory while unmoral means 非道德,无道德观念的,and is therefore non derogatory. 1．W arm-up exercises2．I don't’ think Tom is correct.3．I don’t think Xiaoming is coming tomorrow.4．A re you not going tomorrow?---- No, I am not going .5．A frica is not kicking out W estern imperialism in order to invite other new masters.6．T he world today is far from peaceful.7．O ur PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.8．H e tried his best to overcome the lack of technical data.9．T he window refused to open.10．Y esterday he failed to get to school on time.11．They excluded children from getting in.12．The building is in a state of neglect.13．He is often absent- minded.14．To do this is beyond me.15．Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.16．I, rather than you , should do the work.17．The truth is quite other than what you think.18．She refrained from laughing.19．She was refused admitance by them.20．An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.21．Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.22．Slips are scarely avoidable when you are new to your work.23．The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the piont of breaking up.24．Avoid operating the keys roughly.25．The scientists made a solemn plege at the conference, saying, “W e’ll forever live up to what our Party expecs of us.”26．The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.27．That fellow is far from being honest.28．Luan Ping stood still, trying vainly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions Y ang Zirong raised.29．That served to strenghen instead of weaken our determination.30．But for their help. W e should not succeeded in this experiment.31．All that glitters is not gold.32．All is not lost.33．All criminals are murderers.34．But aal men are born to reign.35．All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.36．Both children are not clever.37．W e never thought of nothing wrong.我们从来没有想到有什么错误。
翻译技巧-B级考试
2. 将词义做具体化的引申（抽象—具体） 英语中有时候也用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示 某种具体事物,译为汉语中应做具体化的引申.
• She respects him for what he is, not for what he has. • The Great Wall is a must for everyone to visit Beijing. • The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.
2、省词 为了避免行文拖泥带水，有时需删减个 别可有可无的或违背汉语表达习惯的词句， 但绝不能把原文中的思想内容省去。 一般来讲，英语中的冠词、连词、介词、 泛指的人称代词、重复出现的人称/物主代 词往往可以省略；引导主语从句、宾语从 句的that、强调句中的it等一般可以省略。
• While reading, do not allow yourself to regress, but keep reading ahead in every sentence, even when you come across a new word. • If winter comes, can spring be far behind? • Smoking is prohibited in public places. • There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the tree, and the grass was dead. • 阅读时，不要回头读；即使遇到一个生词也应该继 续往下读。 • 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ • 公共场所不许吸烟。 • 天未下雪，但已经叶落草枯。
四、增词和省词
1、增词 是根据语言结构、语义、语气和文 化背景的需要增加一些词来更忠实 通顺地表达原文的意思，将原文中 的“隐含成分”表达出来。但，不 能无中生有地随意增词。
7正反、反正译法
【译文】凡是活在世上的人都曾有过神仙般 的几段绝好时光。（双重否定表示强烈肯定）
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例5：The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
【译文】这些事引起了我们的重视。
例6：He has no small chance of success.
【译文】她忍住没有笑。
例5：The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 【译文】我走在厚厚的地毯上一点儿声 音也没有。
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例6：The pursuit of science withdraws interest from external things. 【译文】科学家由于致力于科学研究， 对外界事物总是不感兴趣。 例7： My guess is as good as yours. 【译文】我的猜测并不比你的高明。
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课堂互动1： 翻译句子， 注意否定译肯定
1．Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 【译文】今天下午，学生统统要交上书面作业。 2．Styles come and go, but good taste is timeless. 【译文】文风随时在变，而文雅是永恒的。 3．All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 【译文】博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。 4． No one has nothing to offer to society. 【译文】人人对社会都有所贡献。（双重否定用 来表示强烈肯定）
正说反译、反说正译法
• 老师发现有些学生不在。
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正说反译法（形容词）
• She said angrily,the men are all bad! • 她愤愤地说，男人都不是好东西！ • You are a bad boy! • 你是个不听话的孩子！ • The company’s failure was due to bad
• He is above meanness and deceit. • 他不至于做卑鄙和欺骗人的事情。
• Her behaviour was above suspicion. • 她的品行不容怀疑、
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正说反译法（虚词）
• Few of my friends speak French. • 我的朋友中几乎没有人说法语。 • This was the last place the colonialists
• The revolutionaries were beaten,refused anything to read,kept for a time in semidarkness as well as in chains.
• 那些革命者当时受到拷打，不准阅读任何书刊..
• The window refuses to open. • 窗户打不开。
trying to avoid you ？ • 你知道她为什么总是不想见到你吗？ • He tried to avoid answering my
questions. • 他试图避而不答我的问题。
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正说反译法（形容词）
• There are two aspects to everything,to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the other.
正反翻译
• 7）The plan as it is leaves much to be desired． • 目前这样的方案大有不足之处。（动词短语） • 8）Before I could say “thank you”，the postman had disappeared around the corner． • 我还没来得及说声“谢谢”，邮递员已经在拐角 处不见了。（连词）
• 1． He may be dying somewhere ， calling out for his mum and dad ， and only strangers around him. • 他也许正在什么地方快死了，嘴里喊着爹妈，而 周围连一个亲人也没有。 • 2. I dared him to jump. • 我量他不敢跳。 • 3．You're telling me ！ • 不用你说！ • 4. A true friend would have acted differently. • （如果是）个真正的朋友，就不会这样做了 。
反译法
正话反说与反话正说
• 英语词句中含有“never”，“no”，“not”，“no n-”，“un-”，“im-”，“in-”，“ir-”，“-les s”等成分以及汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、 “无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、 “莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿”等成分的为反 说 • 不含有这些成分的为正说 • 正说和反说包括的词类范围很广，不仅包括动词、 形容词、副词、名词、介词和连词，而且包括各 种词组，短语和从句。
英译汉反说正译法
• 9）At the same time，even as she untied the package， the thought came to her—supposing they would not work？ • 就在她打开包的时候，她有一个念头：万一它们失灵呢？ （动词） • 10）The scientist must approach the familiar just as carefully and cautiously as he does the unfamiliar． • 科学家在处理熟知的事物时，必须像处理陌生的事物一样 小心谨慎。（形容词） • 11）Everyone felt nervous that afternoon，and they all went about their work in an unusually careful manner． • 那天下午，大家都感到紧张，干活时特别小心谨慎。（副 词）
句子翻译正说反译反说正译
proposal with dignity.
正说反译
(一)汉、英两种语言的表达习惯不 同。
• 我很快就可以回老家了。
• It will not be long before I go back to my hometown.
(二)语气的需要。 • 有失才有得。
• You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs．
正说与反说
• 但是由于汉英两种语言表达习惯 不同，在很多情况下会出现正说 反译，反说正译的情况。
• 我完全同意。 • I can't agree with you more. • 你们大错特错了。 • You couldn't be more mistaken.
正说与反说
• 油漆未干！ • Wet paint! • 不好意思！ • I‘m sorry. • 外表往往是靠不住的。 • Appearances are often deceptive. • 美国不失体面地接受了这项和平方案。 • The U.S.A accepted the peace
他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未 能在人群中见到他。
He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.
翻译3.6：正译与反译
译文（1）：很自然的，人们带着愉快的心情醒来，缓解了头天晚 上的担忧。事实上，研究表明踏实地睡一晚上有助于改善健康人的 心情。 译文（2）：早晨起床，人们会感到心情愉快，不再像头天晚上那 么担忧，这是很自然的现象。事实上，研究表明踏实地睡一晚上有 助于改善健康人的心情。 译文（3）：早晨起床，摆脱了头天晚上的种种烦恼，人们自然会 感到心情开朗。事实上，研究表明，好好地睡一晚上会改善健康人 的心境。 该例中两种译文的区别在于对第一句话的处理上。译文（1）“缓解 了头天晚上的担忧”的处理虽然符合原意，但不如译文（2）中“不 再像头天晚上那么担忧”来得明了、通顺。当然还可以有第三种译 法。这说明翻译是很值得我们推敲的。 8
过马路时你们千万要加倍小心。
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6. 正译与反译——汉译英中的正反译法
在汉译英时，某些否定结构不一定用英语否定词，也 可以恰当地使用某些含有否定意义的词语，以确保语 言的丰富，例如：
1）镇中心变化很多，根本认不出来了。 The town center has changed beyond all recognition. 2）她的品行不容怀疑。 Her conduct was above suspicion. 3）我得不到上大学的机会。 I was denied the chance of going to university. 4）我茫然不明白发生了什么事。 I was at a loss (to understand) what had happened. 5）我们迟到了，未能听到音乐会的第一部分。 We were late and missed the first part of the concert.
由于没有任何证据，警方不得不释放安德斯。
2） The failure of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives.
翻译常用的八种技巧
翻译常用的八种技巧1.增译法、增词法：amplification2.重译法、重复法：repetition3.省译法、减词法：omission4.词性转换法、词类转移法：conversion5.正说反译、反说正译法：negation6.语态变换法：the change of the voices7.分译法、分句法（OPP：合句法）：division8.语序调整法、词序调整法（顺序法与逆序法）inversion增词法译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实于原文，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。
要知道，从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换，有时可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词，然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。
不同语言文字所持有的习惯决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当地增词（或减词）达到语言交际的目的。
如果机械地按照字面意义直译，不仅不能表达原文的思想，精神与形象，而且还会使译文前后矛盾，闹出笑话。
例1 听到你平安的消息，非常高兴！译文: I was very glad on hearing that you were in safety！例2对不起，打扰一下！译文: Excuse me for interrupting you！（增补作宾语的代词you）例3 Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.译文：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
（译文中添补了谓语和宾语：增词法；重译法）例4：We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.译文：我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也绝不后退。
商务英语翻译3词类转换正说反译与反说正译
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2.3. 副词转译成名词
▪ The supermarket would give everyone 10% off on all cash purchases.
▪ 那家超市将给每一位用现金购物的顾客10% 的优惠( 折扣）。
▪ What is the fare to London and back? ▪ 去伦敦一个来回需要多少钱?
些介词在汉译时往往译成动词。如：
▪ The judge sat in the dining room amid (处理）his morning mails.
▪ Carlisle Street runs westward(向西延伸）, across （越过） a great black bridge, down （爬下）a hill and up（爬上） again, by （经过）little sloops（单桅船） and meat markets, past （路过）single storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.（…冲着一大片绿色草地中止 了。）
▪ Warm discussion arose on every corner as to his achievements.
▪ 到处在热烈地讨论他的成就。 ▪ We took brief, restless naps, struggled to
understand the intermittent broadcasting of the radio. ▪ 我们短短地，不安地睡了几次，竭力想听懂收音机 里断断续续的广播。
会计包括设计会计制度，准备财务报表，审计成本研究报 告，开展预测，计算收入所得税，运用计算机，以及分析 和解 释有助于做出商业决策的会计信息。
英汉翻译(8)正反译法
• Affirmative-negative transformation of connectives • 1) It is before ten yet. • 还不到十点钟。 • 2) Don't come in unless I call you. • 要是我不来叫你，你别来。 • 3) He took two steps and heard, rather than saw, a strange whirring sound coming toward him. • 他走了两步就听见，而不是看见，一个奇怪的呼 啸声冲他而来。 • 4) You cannot succeed unless you work hard. • 你不努力是不会成功的。
• 按照专家们的说法，不用说打仗，就连出海也是 不容许的。
• 4) He tried to catch one of the rafts with a boat hook but missed. • 他努力想用船钩钩住一只竹筏，可是没钩着。 • 5) Your legs are young enough to hold you. • 你的腿还没老得走不动呢。 • 6) These are days when nerves are worn thin. • 这些日子教人吃不消。 • 7) "You'll go in and say good-bye to Miss Pinkerton, Becky!" • "I suppose I must," said Miss Sharp calmly, and much to the wonder of Miss Jemima;... • “贝吉，你要进去跟娉克敦小姐道声别。” • “我想这是免不了的。”夏普小姐不动声色地说，而吉米 小姐直觉诧异。
正说反译与反说正译
正说反译与反说正译英语和汉语有相同之处，那就是在表达同一事物或同一概念时，往往可以从正面叙述，也可以从反面叙述。
比如我们可以说“很困难”（quite difficult），也可以改成“很不容易”（far from easy）；说做某事“竭尽全力”（do one’s best），也可以说“不遗余力”（spare no effect）；可以说某个学生成绩“还好”（good），也可以说“不错”（not bad）。
但由于思维方式的不同，英语中有些从正面表达的东西在汉语中习惯从反面表达；而有些从反面来表达的东西在汉语中则习惯从正面来表达。
因此，英译汉时常常有必要进行转换。
这就是通常所说的“正说反译与反说正译”法。
如英语中的“wet Paint！”，汉语中常说成“油漆未干”，英语中说“I won’t keep you waiting long ”汉语中却说“我一会而就回来。
”1、正说反译：Miss the bus没有赶上车Live up to the expectations of my parent不辜负父母的期望Be absent from the meeting没有出席会议A final decision不可更改的决定Frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱Freeze别动Mortally ill不治之症The window refuses to open窗户打不开The explanation is pretty thin这个解释站不住脚Beauty is but skin deep.美丽但不肤浅。
Opportunity knocks but once.机会只来一次。
Keep upright切勿倒置。
Agreeable sweetness甜而不腻。
I doubt it我不相信。
Mind your steep当心脚下。
2、反说正译：The specification lacks detail.说明书不够详细。
Negation (正说反译、反说正译)
做家务的钟点女工在同样的时间内，其收入同公立 学校的教师的工资差不多。
做家务的钟点女工在同样的时间内，挣钱不比公立
学校的教师少。
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8. They accepted the peace proposal with dignity. 他们不失体面地接受了这项和平方案。
9. While she liked his works, she pointed out areas where improvement was possible. 尽管喜欢他的作品，但她仍指出某些地方有待改 进。 尽管她喜欢他的作品，但仍指出其不足之处。
for want of trying. 她四下里寻找住处，仍是找不到。
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5．Don’t lose time in handing in the exercise books.
立即把作业本交上来。
6．If all three of you take part in it, there can be no further questioning of your
gratify it. a) 你既然挑起了我的好奇心，就别再吊我的胃口了。 b）你既然激起了我的好奇心，就别再卖关子了。 c）你既然激起了我的好奇心，就别再遮遮掩掩了。 2．Appearances are often deceptive. 外表往往是靠不住的。 3．She was irritated at being denied the opportunity
与翻译有关的那些--反译法剖析
正说反译法（短语）
某些固定短语一般要译作否定:
far from; free from; prevent… from; protect from….
but for; but that; anything but; cannot but.
other than; rather than; more than…can; 比较级+ than to do
我们要永远对生活抱乐观态度。
5. His pronunciation is no better than mine.
他的发音和我的一样糟糕。
英语、汉语中都有从正面或反面 来表达一种概念的现象。
这里所谓正面表达和反面表达，
主要是指在英语中是否用
“no,not,never”或“de-, dis-, non-, im-, in-,un-,-less”等否定性词缀的 词；在汉语中是否用“不、非、无、
His hesitation led to his failure. • 他不果断/犹豫不决导致了他的失败。
正说反译法（虚词:介词）
To do this is beyond my ability. 干这事我力不胜任。 It was beyond his power to do so. 他无权这样做。 What you’ve said is above me. 你所说的我不懂。
反译法/正说反译、 反说正译法
(Negation)
试译以下句子: 1. No Smoking! 2. Wet Paint! 3. Just make yourself at home. 4. We must never stop taking an
optimistic view of life. 5. His pronunciation is no better
第七部分 正说反译,反说正译
第七部分正说反译，反说正译英译汉1．It is wiser than to believe what you call money talks。
我不至于蠢到相信你说的金钱万能呢。
2．He could do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不让他再过从前的日子。
3．All graduates from Foreign Language Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work.外院的学生并非都被分配去做翻译工作。
4．Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new master.非洲踢出西方帝国主义，不是为了请进新的主人。
5．Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.双方都认为开会不失体面地接受这样的和平方案。
6．One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一个陌生的邻里，越小心越好。
7．Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷。
8．The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste.月球上北京一个毫无生机的世界，是多山的不毛之地。
9．All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat.燃料中的所有化学能并不都转化为热能。
英语翻译正说反译反说正译
第八章英翻译技巧（五）正说反译反说正译正说反译、反说正译的应用不论是正说反译还是反说正译，究其原因归纳起来主要是：保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯，保证译文通畅易懂。
所谓反面表达，是指英语词句中含有“not”，“never”，“no”，“un-”，“im-”，“ir-”，“in-”，“less-”等否定成分，汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份，不含这些成份的为正面表达。
（一）正说反译的应用1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义，常见的有：Fail, fizzle out, fall short, be frustrated, escape, elude, slip away, stop, cease, overlook, ignore, neglect, refuse, grudge（怨恨，不情愿做）, disdain, reject, turn down, forbid, prohibit, exclude from, bar, ban, expire, be blind to, deny, avoid, omit, forget, prevent from, live up to, resist, miss, lack. I missed what you have said because of the noise outside.由于外面的噪音，我没听清楚你说的话。
To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。
Such a chance was denied to me.我没有得到这样一个机会。
2.介词或介词短语含否定之意，常见的词有：Above, against, below, beneath, beyond, instead of, out of, without, but for。
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8. 正说反译和反说正译
正说反译
正说反译和反说正译的实质是从逻辑上改换说法。
由于语言所反映的心理因素和不同语言的情调往往要求译者改换说法。
英汉互译中，为了达到功能对等，增强语言交际效果，常常采用这两种技巧
We will live up to what our parents expect of us.
我们不能辜负父母的期望。
If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed.
如果本人递交证件，则本人不得擅自拆封，否则证件将被视为无效。
如果自己提交档案，学校的密封信封必须加盖公章、完好无损，否则无效。
Private! 闲人免进！
Keep upright! 切勿倒置！
Wet paint! 油漆未干！
Urban clearway! 市区通道，不准停车！
Inflammables—keep away from fire. 易燃物品，切勿近火！
I prefer the red one to the black one. 我要红的，不要黑的。
The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wildfire.
林肯总统遭到暗杀的消息不胫而走。
The plan cracked up through a bad landing.
飞机因着陆不当而撞毁。
Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep.
他不脱衣服，往床上一躺就睡着了。
I have fallen behind with my correspondence.
我没有及时回复信函。
Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late.
睡眠过久不利于健康。
These visits will operate only if weather permits.
以上参观项目天气不好就取消。
反说正译
I do not doubt that he will be appointed sales manager of the company.
我相信他将被委任为公司的营业主任。
No refunds or exchanges without complete factory packing and sales slip.
凭票退还押金。
We consider there is no material but will deform more or less under the action of force.
我们认为，各种材料在力的作用下总是要或多或少发生变形。
She never comes but she brings something for the children.
她每次来都要给孩子们带些东西。
This book could not have been written or published without the help of dozens of people, and I am deeply grateful to all of them.
本书的写作和出版曾得到十多位友人的帮助，谨此一并表示感谢。