简要高中语法

一、定语从句一定于从句的关系词that指物，有时也指人，在从句中做主语或宾语The girl that is standing under the tree is Mary.The book that he gave me was not the one that I lent him.which指物，做主语或宾语The chair which I sat in was a broken one.The college which we visited yesterday was very good.who, whom指人，分别作主语和宾语The man who did the robbery has been caught.Who’s the boy whom you were talking to just now?whose指人，作定语Mr John is the person whose bike was stolen.when指时间，做时间状语I still remember the day when I first met him 7 years ago.where指地点，做地点状语That is the factory where he worked several Years ago.why指原因，做原因状语Please give me a reason why you are late again.二关系词的用法1 只能使用that的情况1）当先行词是nothing，something，anything，all，each等不定代词时All that I want is peace and quiet.2) 当先行词被all，any，some，no，not，every，each等修饰时I have some friends that are very interesting.3）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时This is the first gift that I bought for my mother.The tallest building that I have ever seen is this one.4）当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时This is the very book that I lost yesterday.5）当先行词又有人有有物时The guests spoke highly of the children and their performance that they saw at the children’s Palace6）当主语中含有疑问词which时Which are the books that you bought for me?7）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时China is not the country that it used to be 50 years ago.He is no longer the man that he used to be.8）当主语以There be 结构开头时There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for you.2 只能使用which的情况1）非限制性定语从句中Mary has a book, which is very precious2）在介词之后This is a house in which lives an old man3）当主句中的主语被that修饰时That god which I found in the street belongs to Mary.4）当关系代词后面带有插入语时I’ve bought you some books which, I think, may interest you.3 只用who不用that1）先行词是one，ones或anyone时Anyone who breaks the law should be punishedShe is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing2）先行词是those或被those修饰，指人时Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.3）在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时There is a girl outside who wants to see you4）当定于从句中又有定语从句。

且先行词都为人时The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard5）在非限制性定语从句中指人I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come back from America6）定语从句中有插入语时Jim is a man who I believe is honest4 as & which1)非限制性定语从句中，两者均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语。

如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用。

They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/ which in fact she is.2）如从句在主句之前，用asAs we all know, his parents were killed in the war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3）如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如。

”“就像。

”之意时，用asWe won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句Now Chinese people know more and more about WTO, which China entered in 2001 All the members of WTO know the day when China joined it in 2001.单项选择1 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their ______ in the burning train.A detailsB tripsC eventsD experiences2 In a way, I think, we both won; I won the game, but cousin won my _______A friendshipB respectC supportD favor3 Jack London worked very hard and finally he______ his goal.A madeB foundC developedD achieved4 Because of the snow he drove just 280 kilometers in five hours, and the ______ speed was 56 kph. A basic B whole C total D average5 The performance ____ nearly three hours, but few people left the theater early.A coveredB reachedC playedD lasted6 With the development of social construction, our country will _____ more and more advanced technology and management from abroad.A leadB bringC introduceD result7 ----- Keep me informed _____ the latest news.---- OK A by B at C for D of8 ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A ThereB ThisC ThatD It9 It was along the Mississippi River _____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A howB whichC thatD where10 I don’t like the way ____ you laugh at herA whichB in whichC by whichD on which用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空1 Who is the man ________ is reading the newspaper over there?2 The girl _________ I mentioned just now was the not the one that you are talking about.3 A chemist’s shop is a shop ________ sells medicine.4 The film_________ we saw last was wonderful.5 Who is the man ________ you just talked to?6 This is the house_______ I lived two years ago.7 The factory ________ his father works is in the west of the city.8 This is the reason_________ he was late for class.9 Do you have anything________ is important to tell me?10 I have some books _________ are very good.11 This is the first present _________ I bought myself.12 The biggest bird ________ I caught is this bird.13 Which is the house ________ you bought for your daughter?14 Peter has a pen, ________ is very expensive.15 A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do.16 In 1998, he went to Oxford University_____ he got interested in Chinese culture.17 David was one of the most helpful students _____ we ever had.18 Most of the students______ he taught have become his friends.19 Is that the reading room _______ has newspapers and magazines?20 It’s a place _______ has big desks but no anything else.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词的宾语只能用which（指物）或whom（指人），即介词+which/whom1) 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which或Whom，关系代词不能省略He paid the b oy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.2) 当介词位于定语从句的句末时，可用that/which （指物），that/whom/who（指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。