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bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全

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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全bec的烤鸭们，今天你们记单词了吗？为了方便大家的备考，下面本店铺已经帮大家整理好了bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全，快来学习吧。

BEC商务英语词汇

BEC商务英语词汇BEC商务英语必备词汇是欧盟和许多国际组织和英联邦国家的官方语言，国际商务交流见也多数以英语交流，下面是店铺整理的商务英语词汇，希望能帮到大家!credit rating 信贷的信用等级，信誉评价creditor n.债权人，贷方creditworthiness n.信贷价值，信贷信用crisis n.危机，转折点critical adj. 关键的*critical path analysis n. 关键途径分析法currency n.货币，流通current adj. 通用的，现行的Current account 往来账户，活期(存款)户 current assets n.流动资产 current liabilities n. 流动负债customize v. 按顾客的具体要求制造(或改造等);顾客化cut-throat adj. 残酷的，激烈的cut-price a. 削价(出售)的CV(=curriculum vitae)n. 简历，履历cycle time n.循环时间damages n.损害，损失deadline n. 最后期限 deal n. 营业协议，数量v. 交易 dealer n. 商人debit n. 借方，欠的钱v.记入账户的借方 debt n. 欠款，债务 to get into debt 负债to be out of debt 不欠债 to pay off a debt 还清债务 debtor n.债务人aged debtors 长期债务人 declare v.申报，声明decline n./v. 衰退，缓慢，下降 decrease v. 减少 deduct v.扣除，减去default n. 违约，未履行 defect n. 缺陷defective adj.有缺点的 defer v. 推迟deferred payments n. 延期支付 deficit n. 赤字delivery cycle n.交货周期 demand management n.需求规划decorticated adj. 消极的，冷谈的 deposit n. 储蓄，预付(定金) depot n. 仓库 depreciate v.贬值，(对资产)折旧 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 deputy n. 代理人，副职，代理 devalue v. 货币贬值(相对于其它货币) diet n. 饮食，食物，特种饮食 differentiation n. 区分，鉴别 dimensions n. 尺寸，面积，规模 direct v管理，指导director n.经理，主管Managing Director n.总经理 direct cost n. 直接成本direct mail n.(商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的)直接邮件direct selling n.直销，直接销售directory n.指南，号码簿discount n.折扣，贴现dismiss v.让……离开，打发走 dismissal n. 打发走 dispatch n./v. 调遣display n./v. 展出，显示 dispose v.安排，处理(事务)dispose of 去掉，清除distribution n分配，分发，分送产品diversify v.从事多种经营;多样化 divest v.剥夺dividend n. 股息，红利，年息 division n. 部门 dog n. 滞销品down-market a./ad.低档商品的 down-time/downtime n. 设备闲置期DP(=Data Processing) n. 计算机数据处理，计算机数据处理部门dramatic adj. 戏剧性的 drive积极性，能动due adj. 应付的，预期的 dynamic 有活力的earnings n. 工资,收入 efficiency n. 效率 endorse v.背书，接受engage v. 雇用 entitle v. 授权entitlement n.应得的权利 holiday entitlement n. 休假权 equity n.股东权益 equity capital股本 equities 普通股，股estimated demand n.估计需求 evaluate v. 估价，评价 eventual adj.最终 exaggerate v. 夸张 exceed v. 超过 exhibit n.展览，表现expenditure n花费，支出额expense n.费用，支出expenseaccount n. 费用帐户 expenses n.费用，业务津贴 expertise n.专长，专门知识和技能exposure n.公众对某一产品或公司的知悉;广告所达到的观众总数facilities n.用于生产的设备、器材facilities layout n.设备的布局规划、计划facilities location n.设备安置factoring n.折价购买债券fail-safe system n.安全系统feasibility study n.可行性研究 feedback n. 反馈，反馈的信息 field n.办公室外边，具体业务file n. 文件集，卷宗，档案，文件v. 归档 fill v. 充任finance n. 资金，财政v. 提供资金 financial adj. 财政的financing n. 提供资金，筹借资金 finished goods n. 制成品 firm n. 公司fire v. 解雇 fix v. 确定，使固定在 fix up v. 解决，商妥fiscal adj. 国库的，财政的flagship n. 同类中最成功的'商品，佼佼者 flexible adj. 有弹性的，灵活的 flextime n. 弹性工作时间制 flier(=flyer) n. 促销传单 float v. 发行股票 flop n. 失败 flow shop n. 车间 fluctuate v. 波动，涨落，起伏 FOB, f.o.b n. 离岸价follow-up n. 细节落实，接连要做的事 forecast v. 预测 four P's 指产品produce、价格price、地点place、促销promotion framework n. 框架，结构franchise n. 特许经销权v.特许经销franchisee n. 特许经营人franchiser n.授予特许经营权者 fraud n. 欺骗freebie n.(非正式的)赠品，免费促销的商品 freelance n.& adj. 自由职业者(的) funds n. 资金，基金 futures n. 期货交易 gap n. 缺口，空隙gearing n. 配称(即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率)gimmick n. 好主意，好点子 goal n. 目标going adj. 进行的，运转中的going rate n. 产品的市场价格goods n. 货物，商品 goodwill n. 声誉 go public v. 首次公开发行股票grapple with v. 与……搏斗，尽力解决 grievance n. 申诉，抱怨gross adj. 总的，毛的gross margin n. 毛利率 gross profit n. 毛利gross yield n. 毛收益 gradually adv. 逐渐地group n. (由若干公司联合而成的)集团grow v. 增长，扩大growth n. 增长，发展 guarantee n. 保证，保单guidelines n. 指导方针，准则hand in v. 呈送hand in one's notice 递交辞呈 handle v. 经营hands on adj. 有直接经验的 hard sell n. 强行推销 hazard n. 危险，危害行为head n. 主管，负责 health and safety n. 健康和安全 hedge n. 套期保值 hidden adj. 隐藏的，不明显的hierarchy n. 等级制度，统治集团，领导层hire v. 雇用hire purchase n. 分期付款购物法hit v. 击中，到达holder n. 持有者holding company n. 控股公司 hostile adj. 不友好的，恶意的 HRD n. 人力资源发展部 human resources n. 人力资源hype n. 天花乱坠的(夸张)广告宣传 impact n. 冲击，强烈影响implement v. 实施，执行 implication n 隐含意义 incentive n. 刺激;鼓励income n. 工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入earned income 劳动收入，劳动所得unearned income 非劳动收入，投资所得increment v. 定期增加 incur v 招致，承担 indemnity n. 偿还，赔偿 index n. 指数，索引retail price index 零售价格指数 indirect costs n. 间接成本 induction n. 就职 industrial adj. 工业的industrial action n.(罢工、怠工等)劳工行动industrial relations n. 劳资关系 inefficiency n. 低效率，不称职 inflate v. 抬高(物价)，使通货等)膨胀 inflation n. 通货膨胀 infringe v. 违法，违章 initial adj. 初步的innovate v. 革新input n. 投入insolvent adj. 无清偿力的installment n. 部分，分期付款 insure v. 给……保险，投保 insurancen. 保险interest n. 利息，兴趣 interest rate n. 利率 interim n. 中期，过渡期间intermittent production n. 阶段性生产interview n./v. 面试interviewee n. 被面试的人interviewer n. 主持面试的人，招聘者introduce v. 介绍，提出inventory n. 库存。

商务英语词汇大全文库

商务英语词汇大全文库一、国际贸易1. 进出口：Import / Export2. 贸易顺差：Trade Surplus3. 贸易逆差：Trade Deficit4. 自由贸易区：Free Trade Zone (FTZ)5. 关税：Tariff6. 世界贸易组织：World Trade Organization (WTO)7. 贸易壁垒：Trade Barrier8. 非关税壁垒：Non-T ariff Barrier (NTB)9. 贸易协定：Trade Agreement10. 区域经济一体化：Regional Economic Integration二、商务谈判1. 谈判：Negotiation2. 议价：Bargaining3. 报价：Quotation4. 还价：Counteroffer5. 合同：Contract6. 交货期：Delivery Date7. 支付方式：Payment Method8. 谈判策略：Negotiation Strategy9. 协商：Mediation10. 仲裁：Arbitration三、营销策略1. 市场调研：Market Research2. 目标市场：Target Market3. 产品定位：Product Positioning4. 品牌建设：Brand Building5. 促销策略：Promotion Strategy6. 广告宣传：Advertising Promotion7. 公共关系：Public Relations (PR)8. 市场细分：Market Segmentation9. 定价策略：Pricing Strategy10. 销售渠道：Sales Channel四、金融与投资1. 货币：Currency2. 外汇：Foreign Exchange (FX)3. 本币：Domestic Currency4. 外汇市场：Foreign Exchange Market (FX Market)5. 国际金融市场：International Financial Market (IFM)6. 投资组合：Portfolio7. 股票：Stocks8. 债券：Bonds9. 期货与期权：Futures & Options10. 对冲基金：Hedge Funds11. 风险投资：Venture Capital (VC)12. 私募股权投资：Private Equity (PE)。

商务英语-国际贸易词汇

商务英语-国际贸易词汇AW=Ail Water全水路运输(主要指冒由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式) BAF=Bunker Adjustment Factor燃油附加费B/L=Bi of Lading提单C.A.D=Cash Against Documents交单付现CAF= Cost and Freight成本加运费(指定目的港)CC= Charges Collect= Freight Collect运费到付：表示货物运送费用末付，应由买方在目的地/港支付CFR(C&F, CNF)= Cost and Freight成本加运费/到岸价格(指定目的港)CFS = Container Freight Station集装箱货运站CIF= Cost, Insurance & Freight成本、保险费加运费/到岸价格(指定目的港)CIP= Carriage and Insurance Paid to运费、保险费付至(指定目的地)C/O= Certificate of Origin原产地证书C.O.D = Cash on Delivery货到付款CPT = Carriage Paid to运费付至(指定目的地)Cut Off = Closing Date = Cut off Date结关日/截关日C.W.O = Cash with Order随订单付现CY = Container Yard集装箱堆场D/A = Documents against Acceptance 承兑交单DAF = Delivered at Frontier边境交货D/D = Demand Draft即期汇票D.D.C. = Destination Delivery Charge 目的地/港交货费用DDP = Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货DDU = Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货DES = Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货DEQ = Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货D/O = Delivery Order交货单DOC = Document Charges文件费D/P = Documents against Payment 付款交单EPS Equipment Position Surcharges 设备位置附加费ETA = Estimated Time of Arrival预计到达时间ETD=Estimated Time of Delivery预计交货时间FOB = Free on Board船上交货价/离岸价格GRI= General Rate Increase正常费率增加LC= Letter of Credit = Commercial Letter of Credit信用证/商业信用证LCL = Less than Container Load拼箱货M/T = Mail Transfer信汇NVOCC=Non-Vesse Operating Common Carrier无船承运人O/A = On Account赊账/记账(交易) ;分期付款O/B = On Board Date装船日期O/F = Ocean Freight海运运费ORC = Origin Receiving Charges本地收货费用PCS = Port Congestion Surcharge港口拥挤附加费P.O.D= Pay on Delivery货到付款PP= Prepaid = Charges Prepaid = Freight Prepaid (= carriage prepaid.carriage paid ) 运费预付:表示货物运送费用已由卖方在起运地(港)付清PSS = Peak Season Surcharges旺季附加费S/C= Sales Contract / Sales Confirmation 销售合同/销售确认书S/O = Shipping Order装运单;发货单TT = T.T. = Telegraphic Transfer电汇。

国际贸易英语词汇总结

千里之行，始于足下。

国际贸易英语词汇总结国际贸易英语词汇总结国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务的沟通和交易。

在国际贸易中，英语是最常用的沟通语言之一。

以下是一些国际贸易中常用的英语词汇的总结：1. Import（进口）- to bring goods or services into a country from abroad2. Export（出口）- to send goods or services from one country to another for sale3. Trade（贸易）- the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods or services between countries4. Tariff（关税）- a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports5. Customs（海关）- the official department that administers and collects import and export duties6. Free trade（自由贸易）- international trade withoutrestrictions or trade barriers7. Balance of trade（贸易平衡）- the difference in value betweena country's imports and exports8. Importer（进口商）- a person or company that brings goods or services into a country from abroad for sale9. Exporter（出口商）- a person or company that sends goods or services from one country to another for sale10. Trade deficit（贸易逆差）- the situation when a country imports more than it exports第1页/共2页锲而不舍，金石可镂。

外贸英语词汇大全（进出口贸易必备）

外贸英语词汇大全（进出口贸易必备）下面是小编整理的外贸英语词汇大全(进出口贸易必备)，希望对你有所帮助！commerce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade, internal trade, interior trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易cash sale 现货hire-purchase 分期付款购买(美作:installment plan)competition 竞争competitor 竞争者competitive 竞争的unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping profit margin 倾销差价,倾销幅度trademark 商标registered trademark 注册商标registered office, head office 总公司,总店,总部foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易,外贸terms of trade 贸易条件free-trade area 自由贸易区import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商commercial channels 商业渠道customs 海关customs duty 关税quota 配额,限额item 项目,细目commercial transaction 买卖,交易manufacturer 制造商,制造厂middleman 中间商,经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer 零售商tradesman 零售商merchant 商人(英)批发商,(美)零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人,特许权获得者consumer 消费者,用户client, customer 顾客,客户buyer 买主,买方stocks 存货,库存量purchase 购买,进货sale 销售bulk sale 整批销售,趸售wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业。

商务英语词汇大全(BEC词汇打印版)

精选文库商务英语词汇大全abroad adv. 在外国，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，走开 absent adj. 不在，不参加 absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸取，减少（困难等）作用或影响abstract n.大纲access n. 接近（或进入）的机遇，享用权 v . 获得使用计算机数据库的权益accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计账目accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计accounts n. 来往账目account for 讲解，说明account executive n.（广告企业）客户经理accruals n. 增值，应计achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 认同，见告已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，获得acquisition n. 收买，被收买的企业或股份acting adj.代理的activity n. 业务种类actual adj.实在的，本质的，确实的adapt v. 更正，适应adjust v. 整理，使适应administration 推行，经营，行政administer v. 管理，推行adopt v. 采纳，赞成，精选某人作候选人advertise v. 宣告，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisementn. 出通知，做广告advertising n. 广告业after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人 allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组 ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心amortize v. 摊还analyze v.解析，研究analysis n.解析，解析结果的报告analyst n.解析家，化验员annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （ AGM）股东年会anticipate v.希望anticipated adj. 希望的appeal n. 吸引力apply v.申请，央求；应用，运用applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，推行appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 预计，估价appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值appropriate v. 拨出（款项）approve v.赞成，赞成，赞成aptitude n. 天资，才能arbitrage n. 套arbitration n. 仲裁arrears n.欠账assemble v. 收集，会集assembly line n. 装置线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价asset n. 财富current asset n.流动财富fixed asset n. 固定财富frozen asset n. 冻结财富intangible assets n. 无形财富liquid assets n. 速动财富tangible assets n. 有形财富assist v.救援，协助，出席audit n.查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作average n. 平均，平均水平awareness n意.识；警备backing n. 财务支持，资助backhander n. 贿赂backlog n.积压（工作或订货）bad debt 死账（无法回收的欠款）balance n.出入差额，余额balance of payments n. 贸易支付差额balance sheet n. 财富负债表精选文库bankrupt adj.破产的bankruptcy n.破产bank statement n. 银行结算清单（给帐户的），银行对账单bar chart n. 条形图，柱状图bargain v. 谈判，讲价bbehavior n.举止，行为，运转情况below-the-line advertising线下广告，还没有被付款的广告benchmark衡量标准benefit n.利益，补助金，保险金得益fringe benefits附加福利Sickness benefit疾病补助费bid n. 出价，招标takeover bid n. 盘进（一个公司）的出价bill n.账单，票据billboard n. （路边）广告牌，招贴板black adj. 违纪的in the black 有盈余，贷方black list黑名单，禁止贸易的（货物、企业及个人）名单black Monday n黑.色星期一，指 1987 年 10 月国际股票市场崩溃的日子blue chips 蓝筹股，绩优股blue-collar adj. 蓝领（工人）的Board of Directors n. 董事会Bond n. 债券Bonus n. 津贴，盈余books 企业账目book value n. 账面价值，（企业或股票）净值bookkeeper n. 簿记员，记账人 boom n. 繁荣，狂涨boost v. 提升，增加，宣扬bottleneck n. 瓶颈，窄路，阻拦bottom adj. 最后的，根本的 v. 到达底部，建立基础bounce v. 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回brainstorm n/v 点子会议，献计策, 脑筋风暴branch n. 分支，分部base n. 基地，依照地batch n. 一批，一组，一群batch production批量生产bear market n. 熊市beat v.高出，胜过behave v. 表现，运转brand n. 商标，品牌brand leader n. 占市场最大份额的品牌，名牌brand loyalty n. （花销者）对品牌的忠实break even v. 出入相抵，不亏不盈break even point 出入相抵点 , 盈亏平衡点breakthrough n. 打破brief n.大纲brochure n.小册子broker n. 经纪人，代理人bull market 牛市budget n. 估计bulk n. 大量（货物）adj. 大量的bust adj. 破了产的buyout n. 买下全部产权CAD(=Computer Aided Design) 计算机协助设计call n.打电话call on v. 呼吁，邀请，拜会campaign 战斗，运动candidate n. 求职者，候选人canteen n. 食堂canvass v. 征采建议，劝说capacity n. 生产额，（最大）产量caption n. 照片或图片下的简短说明capital n. 资本，资本capture v.赢得cash n. 现金，现付款 v. 兑现cash flow n. 现金流量case study n. 案例解析catalogue n. 目录，产品目录catastrophe n.大灾祸，大祸CEO=Chief Executive Officer （美）总经理chain n.连锁店challenger n. 挑战者channel n.(商品流通的) 渠道charge n.使肩负，要（价），把⋯入⋯chart n.表checkout n. 付款台chief adj.主要的，首席的，的CIF, c.i.f.成本保加运circular n.的小册子（等）circulate v.claim n./v.要求，索client n. 委托人，客cold adj.没人找上来的，买卖平庸的commercialize v. 使商品化commission n. 佣金commitment n. 承commodity 商品，物company n. 企业limited(liability)company股份有限公司public limited company (plc) n. 股票上市企业compensate v. ，酬compensation n. ，酬金compete v. 比，争competition n.比，争competitor n.争者，手competitive adj. 争性的component n. 机器元件、件、部件，部分concentrated marketing n. 集中策略condition n. 条件，情况configuration n. 的构、合conflict n.矛盾，争conglomerate n. 合商社，多元化集企业consolidate v.目合并consortium n.constant adj.恒定的，不断的，常的consultant n.咨人，，会医生consumables n. 耗资品consumer durables n.耐用消品( 如：洗衣机) consumer goods n. 消品，生活料contingency n.不测事件continuum n.contract n. 合同，契contractor n. 承商，承建人contribute v.供应，捐献contribution n.献，捐献，税conversion n. 改装，改造conveyor n. 运送，，core time n.（性工作制的）基本上班（工于此段必上班，性只除此以外的有效）cost n. 成本fixed costs 固定成本running costs 平常管理用variable costs 可成本cost-effective adj.合算的，有效益的costing n.成本算，成本会credit n. ，制度credit control管理（客及付款的系统）letter of credit信誉credit limit限credit rating信的信誉等，信誉价creditor n. 人，方creditworthiness n. 信价，信信誉crisis n. 危机，折点critical adj.关的*criticalpath analysis n. 关路子解析法currency n. ，流通current adj.通用的，行的Current account 来往，活期（存款）current assets n. 流current liabilities n.流customize v.按客的详尽要求制造（或改造等）；客化cut-throat adj. 残忍的，强烈的 cut-pricea. 削价（销售）的 CV(=curriculumvitae)n. ，履cycle time n. 循damages n. 害，失deadline n. 最后限时deal n. ，数量 v. 交易dealer n. 商人debit n. 借方，欠的 v. 入的借方debt n. 欠款，to get into debtto be out of debt 不欠to pay off a debt 清debtor n. 人aged debtors期人declare v.申，声明decline n./v.衰落，慢，下降decrease v. 减少deduct v. 扣除，减去default n. ，未履行defect n. 弊端defective adj. 有弊端的defer v. 推deferred payments n. 延期支付deficit n. 赤字delivery cycle n. 交周期demand management n. 需求划decorticated adj. 消极的，冷的deposit n. 蓄，付（定金）depot n.depreciate v. ，（）折旧 depressing adj. 令人沮的deputy n. 代理人，副，代理devalue v. （相于其他）diet n.食，食品，特种食differentiation n.划分，dimensions n. 尺寸，面，模direct v.管理，指director n. 理，主管Managing Directorn. 理direct cost n.直接成本direct mail n.（商店招生意而向人投寄的）直接件direct selling n. 直，直接售directory n. 指南，号簿discount n. 折扣，dismiss v. ⋯⋯走开，打走dismissal n. 打走dispatch n./v.遣display n./v.展出，示dispose v.安排，理（事）dispose of 去掉，除去distributionn.分配，分，分送品diversify v. 从事多种；多化divest v. 剥dividend n. 股息，利，年息division n. 部dog n. 滞品down-market a./ad.低档商品的down-time/downtime n.置期DP(=Data Processing)n. 算机数据理，算机数据理部dramatic adj. 性的drive极性，能due adj.付的，期的dynamic 有活力的earnings n. 工 , 收入efficiency n. 效率endorse v. 背，接受engage v. 聘任entitle v. 授entitlement n.得的利holiday entitlement n.休假equity n. 股益equity capital 股本equities一般股，股estimated demand n. 估需求evaluate v. 估价，价eventual adj. 最exaggerate v.夸exceed v. 超exhibit n.展，表expenditure n 花，支出expense n. 用，支出expense account n.用expenses n. 用，津expertise n.，知和技术exposure n公.众某一品或企业的知悉；广告所达到的众数facilities n. 用于生的、器材facilities layout n.的布局划、划facilities location n. 部署factoring n.折价券fail-safe system n. 安全系feasibility study n. 可行性研究feedback n. 反，反的信息field n. 公室外，详尽file n. 文件集，卷宗，档案，文件 v. 档fill v. 充任finance n. 金，政 v. 供应金financial adj. 政的financing n. 供应金，筹借金finished goods n. 制成品firm n.企业fire v. 解雇fix v. 确定，使固定在fix up v. 解决，商妥fiscal adj. 国的，政的flagship n. 同中最成功的商品，佼佼者flexible adj.有性的，灵便的flextime n. 性工作制flier(=flyer)n. 促float v. 行股票flop n. 失flow shop n.fluctuate v. 波，落，起伏FOB,n. 离岸价follow-upn. 落，接要做的事forecast v.four P's 指 produce 、price 、place 、promotion framework n. 框架，构franchise n. 特 v. 特franchisee n. 特人franchiser n. 授予特者fraud n. 欺freebie n.( 非正式的）品，免促的商品freelance n.&adj. 自由者（的）funds n. 金，基金futures n.期交易gap n. 缺口，空隙gearing n.配称（即定息与股份本之的比率）gimmick n. 好想法，好点子goal n.目going adj. 行的，运中的going rate n. 品的市价格goods n. 物，商品goodwill n. 声誉go public v. 首次公开行股票grapple with v. 与⋯⋯搏斗，全力解决grievance n. 申，抱怨gross adj.的，毛的gross margin n. 毛利率gross profit n. 毛利gross yield n.毛收益graduallyadv. 逐地group n. （由若干企业合而成的）集grow v. 增，大growth n.增，展guarantee n.保，保guidelines n.指方，准hand in v. 呈送hand in one's notice 交辞呈handle v.hands on adj. 有直接的hard sell n. 行推hazard n. 危，危害行head n. 主管，health and safety n. 健康和安全hedge n. 套期保hidden adj. 藏的，不明的hierarchy n.等制度，治集，hire v. 聘任hire purchase n. 分期付款物法hit v. 中，到达holder n. 拥有者holding company n. 控股企业hostile adj. 不友好的，意的HRD n. 人力源展部human resources n. 人力源hype n. 天花乱的（夸）广告宣impact n. 冲，烈影响implement v. 施，行implication n.含意incentive n. 刺激；激励income n. 工或薪金收入，或投的收入earned income 收入，所得unearned income 非收入，投所得increment v. 如期增加 incur v. 致使，肩负indemnity n. ， index n. 指数，索引retail price index 零售价格指数indirect costs n. 接成本induction n. 就industrial adj.工的industrial action n. （工、怠工等）工行industrial relations n.关系inefficiency n. 低效率，不称inflate v. 抬高（物价），使通等）膨inflation n.通膨infringe v. 法，章initial adj.初步的innovate v. 改革input n. 投入insolvent adj. 无清力的installment n. 部分，分期付款insure v. ⋯⋯保，投保insurance n. 保interest n. 利息，趣interest rate n. 利率interim n. 中期，渡期intermittent production n. 段性生interview n./v. 面interviewee n.被面的人interviewer n.主持面的人，招聘者introduce v.介，提出inventory n. 存buffer inventory 用于付突性需求的存capacity inventory用于将来某使用的存cycle inventory n. 循存decoupling inventory保性存（以付万一）finished goods inventory制成品存（存）pipeline inventoryn. 在途存raw materials inventory n. 原资料存work-in-progressinventory在制品存（存）invest v. 投investment n. 投investor n. 投者invoice n. 票 v. （某人）开票irrevocable adj. 不能取消的，不能够改的issue n.行股票rights issue n. 先股IT=Information Technology 信息技item n.货物，条目，条款job n. 工作job description工作明，明job lot n. 一次生的部分或少许品job mobility工作流job rotation工作job satisfaction工作的意感（骄傲感）job shop n.jobbing n.一次性的或小的需求而特的生制度joint adj.合的joint bank account（几人的）合行存款journal n. 志jurisdiction n. 管（）junk bonds n. 低档（）券，垃圾券 junk mail n. （未收信人要求的）直接寄的广告宣just-in-time n. 无存制度key adj. 主要的，关的 knockdownadj. （价格）很低的 know-how n.技label n. ，牌 v. 加，加上牌labor n. ，工作，力labor market 力市labor relations关系labor shortage 力短缺launch v. 推出一种新品 n. 新品的推出lay-off/layoff n./v. 解雇layout n. 工厂的布局lead v. 先，lead time n. 完成某活所需的leaflet n. 广告印刷lease n. 租借，租物legal adj. 合法的lend v. 出借，款lessee n. 承租人lesser n. 出租人ledger n. 分类帐nominal ledger n. 记名帐purchase ledger n. 进货sales ledger n. 销货帐leverage n. 杠杆比率liability n. 负债liabilities n.债务license n.赞成证license v.赞成，赞成life cycle n. 寿命周期likely adj.可能的line process 流水线（组装）link n.关系，联系，环liquid adj. 易变换成现款的liquidate v. 清理liquidity n. 拥有变现力liquidation n. 清理（关闭企业），清理liquidator n. 清理人，企业财富清理人listed adj. 登记注册的listing n. 上市企业名录literature n. （说明书类的）印刷品，宣传品litigate v. 提出诉讼loan n./v.贷款，暂借logo n. 企业的特有标记lose v.损失loser n. 失败者loss n. 损失lot n. 批，量loyalty n. 忠诚，忠实magazine n. 杂志，期刊mail shot n. 邮购maintain v. 保持，保持maintenance n. 保持，坚持major adj. 重要的，主要的，较大的majority shareholding 绝对控股make n. 产品的牌子或型号make-to-order adj. 依照订货而生产的产品make-to-stock adj. 指那些在未收到订货时就已生产了的产品management n. 管理，管理部门middle management n. 中层管理人员senior management n. 高层管理人员精选文库managerial adj. 管理人员的，管理方面的manager n. 经理plant manager n. 工厂负责人line manager n. 基层负责人staff manager n. 部门经理助理management accounts n. 管理帐目matrix management n. 矩阵管理management information system(MIS) n.管理信息系统manning n. 人员装备manpower n. 劳动力manpower resources n. 劳动力资源manual adj. 体力的，人工的，蓝领的manufacture v. （用机器）制造manufacturer n. 制造者（厂、商、企业）manufacturing adj. 制造的manufacturing industry 制造业margin n. 收益gross margin n. 毛利率net margin n. 净收益mark-up v. 标高售价，涨价market n. 市场；产品可能的销量down market adv./adj. 低档商品地/ 的up market adj./adv.高档商品的/地marketing mix n. 综合营销策略，指定价、促销、产品等策略的配合market leader n. 市场上的主导企业market niche n. 小摊位，专业市场的一个小部分market penetration n. 市场浸透market segmentation 市场划分market share n. 市场占有率，市场份额mass-marketing n. 大众营销术master production schedule n. 主要生产计划material requirements planning(MRP) n.计算生产中所需资料的方法materials handling n.资料管理，资料控制maximize v. 使增至最大限度、最大化measure n. 措施，步骤 media n. 新闻工具，传媒mass media 大众传媒（如电视、广播、报纸等）merchandising n. （在商店中）经过对商品的摆放与促销进行经营merge v. 合，合并merger n. （企业，企等的）合并merit n. 点，得，受method study n. 方法研究middleman n. 中人，人full milk n.全脂牛奶skimmed milk n. 脱脂乳minimize v. 使减至最小限度，最小化mission n.企业的期目和原mobility n. 流性，可移性moderately adv. 中等地，适当地monopoly n. 断，独占mortgage n./v. 抵押motivate v. 激励，激⋯⋯的极性motivated adj. 有极性的motivation n. 供应机，极性，力motive n. 机negotiate v. 判negotiable adj. 可判的，可的net adj. 的，的network n. 网niche n. 市中的小位notice n. 通知，辞申，离通知objective n. 目，目的obsolete adj. 的，裁汰的，弃的offer n.价，offer v. 开价off-season adj./adv.淡季的off-the-shelf adj. 非的off-the-peg adj. 准的，非客化的opening n. 空位operate v. 操作，，管理operating profits利operations chart n. （管理）表operations scheduling n. 生度表opportunity n.机遇optimize v.化option n.share option n. 期organigram n.organization chart n. 企业机构orient v. 定向，指引orientation n. 向，方向；熟悉，介情况outcome n. 果outlay n. 开，支出，用outlet n. 商店a retail outlet零售店outgoings n. 开支，开outlined adj. 归纳，勾勒的草output n. 量outsource v. 外品或由外位制做品outstanding adj. 未付款的，收的over-demand n. 求于供overdraft n. 透支overdraft facility透支限overdraw v. 透支overhead costs n. 成本overheads n. 企一般管理用overpay n. 多付（款）overtime n. 加班overview n.归纳，概owe v. 欠，付p.a.(=per annum) n. 每年packaging n. 包装物；包装parent company n. 母企业，企业part-time adj. 部分工作的，余的participate v. 参加，分享partnership n. 合伙，合伙企patent n. 利pay n. 工，酬金 v. 付，付酬take-home pay 得工payroll n.雇名，工表peak n. 峰，点penetrate v. 浸透，打入（市）penetration n. 目市的占有份pension n. 养老金，退休金perform v. 表，行performance n. 行，表工作情况performance appraisal n. 工作情况估perk n. 外待遇（交通、保健、保等）personnel n. 工，人petty cash n. 零用金phase out n. 分段停止使用pick v. 提取生用零部件或客picking list n. 用于取生或运的表格pie chart n. 形pilot n. 小模pipeline n. 管道，渠道plant capacity n. 生模，生能力plot v.，策划plough back n. 将利行再投point of sale(POS)n. 售点policy n.政策，定, 保portfolio n. （投）合portfolio management n. 合券管理post n.件，局；位position n.位potential n. 潜藏力，潜power n. 能力purchasing power 力PR=Public Relations公共关系preference shares n. 先股price n.价格market price市价，市价retail price零售价probation n. 用期product n.品production cycle n. 生周期production schedule n.生划product life cycle n.品生命周期product mix n. 品合（种和数量的合）productive adj.生的，多的profile n. 介形象特色profit n. 利operating profit n. 利profit and loss account n. 益project v.promote v.推promotion n. 提升，升proposal n.建，划prospect n.期，展望prospectus n.划，明prosperity n.繁荣，隆prototype n. 原型，品publicity n. 引起公众注意public adj.公众的，公开的go public上市public sector公有企publicity n. 公开合，名誉，宣 publics n. 公众，（有共同趣的）人或社会人士punctual adj. 准的punctuality n.准purchase v.& n.purchaser n.主，采人QC(=Quality Circle)n. 人qualify v. 有格，任qualified adj. 有格的，任的，合格的qualification n. 格，格明quality n. 量quality assurance n. 量保quality control量控制，量管理quarterly adj./adv.季度的，按季度questionnaire n. 表，卷quote n. 价，股票牌价quotation n. 价，股票牌价Ｒ＆ＤResearch and Development 研究与开Radically adv.根当地，底地raise n. （美）增薪v.增加，提升；提出，引起range n. 系列品rank n./v.排名rapport n. 亲近的关系，松快乐的气氛rate n. 比率，用fixed rate固定用，固定率going rate行利率，行率rating定果ratio n.比率rationalize v. 使更有效，使更合理raw adj.原料状的，未加工的raw material n. 原资料receive v. 获得receipt n.收据receiver n. 接收人，清理人accounts receivable收receivership n. 破管理recession n. 条reckon v.估计，recognize v. 承reconcile v.使⋯⋯相切合，核，和recoup v. 扣除，recover v. 重新得，恢复精选文库recovery n. 重获，恢复recruit v. 招聘，征募 n. 新招收的人员recruitment n.新成员的吸取red n. 红色in the red 赤字，负债reduce v. 减少reduction n. 减少redundant adj. 过多的，被解雇的redundancy n. 减员，解雇reference n. 参照，参照资料reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参照号码refund n./v.归还，归还region n.地区reimburse v. 归还，报销reject n./v.拒绝reliability n.可靠性relief n. 减少，清除，营救relocate v. 调动，重新部署remuneration n. 酬报，酬金rent v.租n.租金rep（代表）的缩写report to v.低于（某人），隶属，隶属reposition v.(为商品) 重新定位represent v. 代表，代理representative n. 代理人，代表reputation n.名誉，声誉reputable adj. 名誉/ 声誉好的reserves n. 储量金，准备金resign v. 放弃，辞去resignation n.辞职resistance n.阻力，抗争情绪respond v. 回答，答复response n. 回答，答复restore v.恢复result/results n. 结果，收效retail n./v.零售retailer n. 零售商retained earnings n. 保留收益retire v.退休retirement n.退休return n. 投资酬金return on investment (ROI)n. 投资收入，投资酬金revenue n. 岁入，税收review v./n.检查reward n./v.报答，酬金，奖赏rework v. （因低质而）重作risk capital n. 风险资本rival n.竞争者，对手adj.竞争的rocket v.急速上升，直线上升，飞升ROIReturn on Investment 投资收益roughly adv. 大概地round adj. 整数表示的，大体round trip 往返的行程royalty n. 特许权，专利权税run v. 管理，经营running adj.运转的sack v. 解雇sales force销售人员sample n. 样品 v. 试验；抽样检验saturation n. （市场的）饱和（状态）saturate v. 饱和save v. 节约，存储savings n. 存款scale n. 刻度，层次scapegoat n. 替罪羊scare adj. 缺乏的，不足的scrap n. 废料或废品seasonal adj.季节性的section n. 部门sector n. 部门securities n.债券及有价证券segment n. 部分 v. 将市场划分成不同样的部分 segmentation n. 将市场划分成不同样的部门semi-skilled adj. 半熟练的settle v. 解决，决定settlement n. 解决，清账，支付service n.服务，帮佣services n.专业服务settle v.安排，支付set up v. 创立share n. 股份精选文库shareholder n. 股stock controller房管理者shelf-life n. 架期（商品能够列在架上的storage n. 藏，存量strategy n. 略shift n. 班streamline v. 精机构，提升效率showroom n. 列室stress n. 力，迫simulation n. 模strike n. 工shop n. 商店structure n.构，closed shop 限制行（只允本工会会）subcontract v.分包（工程目），包open shop 开放行（非会可从事的工作）subordinate n.下 adj. 下的shop steward 工会管事subscribe v.shop floor生所subsidiary n. 子企业shortlist n.供最后的候人名subsidize v. ，助v.把⋯⋯列入最后的候人名subsidy n. 助金sick leave病假substantially adv.大量地，大幅度地sick note 病假条summarize v. 归纳，sick pay 病假工superior n. 上，官skilled employee n. 熟工人supervisor n. 督人，管理人skimming n. 高定价，撇奶油式定价supervisory adj.督的，管理的slogan n. 售口号supply n./v.供，供应slump n. 狂跌survey n.a slump in sales 售狂跌SWOT analysis n.SWOT解析是解析一个soft-selln. 售（），售（手段）企业或一个目的点、弊端、机遇software n.件和sole adj. 有的，独的synergy n. 作sole distributor独家分商tactic n. ，兵法solvent adj. 有付能力的tailor v. 特制品sourcing n. 获得供tailor made products 特制品spare part n. 零部件take on 聘任specification n. 品明takeover n. 接收split v.分别target n. 目 v. 把⋯⋯作目spokesman n. 言人tariff n. 关税；价目表sponsor n. 助者（了商品的广告宣）task n. 任，工作spread n. （股票价和价的）差task force n. 突，攻关小（完成某stable adj.定的任而在一起的一人）staff n.tax n.税，税金stag n. 谋利股者 v. 炒炒capital gains tax n. 本收益税stagnant adj.阻滞的，条的corporation tax n. 企业税，法人税statute n.成文法income tax n. 所得税statutory adj.法定的value added tax 增税steadily adv. 定地，平地tax allowance 免减税stock n. 存，股票tax avoidance 避税stock exchange n. 券交易所taxable 可收税的stockbroker n. 股票人taxation收税--精选文库tax-deductible 在计算所得税时予以扣除的telesales n. 电话销售，电话售货temporary adj. 临时的temporary post 临时职位tender n./v. 招标territory n. （销售）地区tie n. 关系，联系throughput n. 工厂的总产量TQC(=Total Quality Control)n. 全面质量管理track record n. 追踪记录，业绩trade n./v.商业，买卖；交易，经商balance of trade贸易平衡trading profit贸易收益insider trading内部交易trade mark 商标trade union 工会trainee n. 受培训者transaction n. 交易，业务transfer n./v.传输，转让transformation n. 加工transparency n.( 投影用) 透明胶片treasurer n. 司库，掌管财务的人treasury n. 国库，财政部trend n.趋势，时兴trouble-shooting n. 解决问题turnover n.营业额，员工流动的比率staff turnover人员换手率stock turnover股票换手率undertake v. 从事、赞成做某事undifferentiated marketing n. 无差异性营销策略uneconomical adj. 不经济的，浪费unemployment n. 失业unemployment benefit n.失业津贴unit n.单位unit cost n. 单位成本update v. 使现代up to date adj./adv.流行的，现行的，时髦的upgrade v. 升级，增加upturn n. 使向上，使向上USP唯一的销售计划vacancy n. 空缺vacant adj. 空缺的value n./v.价值，估价valuation n. 价值value-added n. 增加值variable n. 可变物variation n. 变化，改正variety n. 多样化a variety of多种多样的vary v. 改变，更正VATValue Added Tax 增值税vendor n. 卖主（企业或个人）venture n. 冒险，谋利venue n. 地址，会集地址viable adj. 可行的viability n. 可行性vision n. 设想，企业的长远目标vocation n. 行业，职业vocational adj. 行业的，职业的wage n. （周）薪水wage freeze n.薪水冻结warehouse n. 库房，货栈wealth n.财富，资源wealthy adj.丰饶的，丰富的welfare n. 福利white-collar白领阶层white goods n. 如洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品wholesale n./adj./adv.批发wholesaler批发商wind up v. 关闭企业withdraw v. 拿走，回收，退出withdrawal n. 拿走，回收，退出wholesale n./a. 批发；批发的wholesaler n. 批发商work n. 工作working conditions n. 工作条件work-in-progress n. 工作过程workload n. 工作量work order n.（包括原料、半成品、成品的）全部存货总量work station工作地址--精选文库working capital n. 营运资本，营运资本write off v. 取消write-off n. 债务的取消yield n. 有效产量zero defect n. 合格产品zero inventory n. 零存货--。

国际贸易术语大全

国际贸易术语大全一、出口术语1. EXW（Ex Works：卖方工厂交货）EXW是指卖方只需将货物准备妥当并提供给买方，不负责安排运输和报关手续等，买方需要自行承担这些费用和风险。

这种术语适用于买方具备自主进口能力和资源的情况。

2. FCA（Free Carrier：卖方交货）FCA是指卖方将货物交给指定的承运人或者由买方安排的承运人，卖方负责准备符合出口要求的货物，并将货物交承运人，买方需要承担货物的风险和费用，包括运输费用、保险费用和报关手续等。

3. FOB（Free On Board：船上交货）FOB是指卖方将货物交给指定的装运港口，并在货物装上船时，卖方完成交货。

买方需要负责运输和保险费用，以及从装运港口到目的港口的海上运费和相关费用。

4. CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight：成本加保险加运费）CIF是指卖方在FOB的基础上，承担将货物运输到指定的目的港口并购买保险的责任。

卖方需支付货物的成本、保险费用和运费，但买方仍需承担货物抵达目的港口后的进口手续、清关费用和税务等。

5. DAP（Delivered at Place：目的地交货）DAP是指卖方承担将货物发送至买方指定的目的地的责任，并支付货物的成本、运费和相关费用。

买方需要负责报关手续、支付进口税款等。

二、进口术语1. CFR（Cost and Freight：成本加运费）CFR是指卖方负责将货物运输到指定的目的港口，并支付运费，但不包括购买保险的费用。

买方需要自行负责购买保险、支付进口税款以及清关手续等费用。

2. CPT（Carriage Paid To：运费付至）CPT是指卖方将货物交给指定的承运人，并支付货物运输至指定地点的费用，除此之外买方需要承担其他费用和风险。

3. CIP（Carriage and Insurance Paid To：运费加保险费付至）CIP是指卖方在CPT的基础上，购买保险并支付保险费用。

BEC商务英语考试必备词汇详解大全

BEC商务英语考试必备词汇详解大全为了方便大家备考bec，下面小编帮大家整理好BEC商务英语考试必备词汇详解大全，望喜欢！BEC商务英语考试必备词汇详解(1)magazine advertising杂志广告刊登在杂志上的广告。

杂志可分为专业性杂志(professional magazine )、行业性杂志(trade magazine)、消费者杂志(consumer magazine )等。

由于各类杂志读者比较明确，是各类专业商品广告的良好媒介。

刊登在封二、封三、封四和中间双面的杂志广告一般用彩色印刷，纸质也较好，因此表现力较强，是报纸广告难以比拟的。

杂志广告还可以用较多的篇幅来传递关于商品的详尽信息，既利于消费者理解和记忆，也有更高的保存价值。

杂志广告的缺点是：影响范围较窄。

因杂志出版周期长，经济信息不易及时传递。

mail order advertising邮购广告在邮购目录上刊登的广告。

形式之一是由邮购商店向客户分寄或分发邮购目录，由客户按目录上的商品编号及定价，把货款汇到邮购商店，商店收到后即向客户寄发商品。

这类邮购目录有成册的，也有配合时令分季零页寄发的，在前者上刊登广告一般要收费，后者大都是免费的。

mail survey 邮寄调查将事先设计好的调查表(亦称问卷，questionnaire )投寄给调查对象，要求填好后寄回。

这种形式是在被访问者不愿面谈及其反应可能受访问者或曲解的情况下所能采取的最好办法。

问卷必须简洁，问题明了。

邮寄调查表的回收率一般较低，回收时间较迟缓。

mailing list寄发表直销需要编制寄发表。

寄发对象的名单可来自电话簿、行名录、本企业客户的名单，和广告中索取说明书的回折。

也可以收集各种协会的会员录，报刊杂志的订户名录。

国外有些会员录和订户名录可以付费购买。

maintenance advertising 维持性广告在大规模广告以后，刊登地位较不显著或时间较短的广告，以保持消费者或用户对大规模广告内容的印象。

国际贸易英语词汇集锦

国际贸易英语词汇集锦一、国际贸易基本术语。

1. import [ˈɪmpɔːt] (n./v.)- 名词：进口；进口商品。

例如：The import of high - tech products has increased in recent years.（近年来高科技产品的进口增加了。

）- 动词：进口；输入。

例如：This country imports a large amount of oil every year.（这个国家每年进口大量石油。

）2. export [ˈekspɔːt] (n./v.)- 名词：出口；出口商品。

例如：The export of agricultural products is an important part of the country's economy.（农产品出口是该国经济的一个重要部分。

）- 动词：出口；输出。

例如：China exports a lot of manufactured goods to the world.（中国向世界出口大量制成品。

）3. tariff [ˈtærɪf] (n.)- 关税；税率。

例如：The government has decided to raise the tariff on imported cars.（政府决定提高进口汽车的关税。

）4. quota [ˈkwəʊtə] (n.)- 配额；限额。

例如：There is a quota on the import of textiles.（纺织品进口有配额限制。

）5. customs [ˈkʌstəmz] (n.)- 海关；关税。

例如：You have to go through customs when you enter a foreign country.（当你进入外国时，你必须通过海关。

）二、贸易方式相关术语。

1. wholesale [ˈhəʊlseɪl] (n./adj./v.)- 名词：批发。

BEC商务英语高级词汇大全

BEC商务英语高级词汇大全大家都知道考bec需要积累大量的词汇，下面小编就给大家带来bec高级词汇大全，希望你们喜欢。

BEC商务英语高级词汇大全(1)CAD(=Computer Aided Design) n. 计算机辅助设计call n. 打电话call on v. 呼吁，约请，拜访campaign 战役，运动candidate n.求职者，候选人canteen n. 食堂canvass v. 征求意见，劝说capacity n. 生产额，(最大)产量caption n. 照片或图片下的简短说明capital n. 资本，资金capture v. 赢得cash n. 现金，现付款v. 兑现cash flow n. 现金流量case study n. 案例分析catalogue n. 目录，产品目录catastrophe n. 大灾难，大祸CEO n. Chief Executive Officer(美)总经理chain n. 连锁店challenger n.挑战者channel n.(商品流通的)渠道charge n. 使承担，要(价)，把……记入(账册等)chart n. 图表checkout n.付款台chief adj. 主要的，首席的，总的CIF, c.i.f.成本保险费加运费circular n.传阅的小册子(传单等)circulate v.传阅claim n./v.要求，索赔client n.委托人，顾客cold adj. 没人找上门来的，生意清淡的commercialise v.使商品化commission n.佣金_ommitment n.承诺commodity 商品，货物company n. 公司limited (liability) company (ltd.) 股份有限公司public limited company (plc) n. 股票上市公司compensate v. 补偿，酬报compensation n补偿，酬金compete v.比赛，竞争competition n.比赛，竞争competitor n.竞争者，对手competitive adj.竞争性的component n. 机器元件、组件、部件，部分concentratedmarketing n. 集中营销策略condition n.条件，状况_onfiguration n.设备的结构、组合conflict n. 冲突，争论_onglomerate n. 综合商社，多元化集团公司_onsolidate v. 帐目合并_onsortium n.财团constant adj. 恒定的，不断的，经常的consultant n. 咨询人员，顾问，会诊医生consumables n.消耗品consumer durables n.耐用消费品(如：洗衣机)consumer goods n.消费品，生活资料_ontingency n. 意外事件continuum n.连续时间contract n. 合同，契约contractor n.承办商，承建人contribute v. 提供，捐献contribution n贡献，捐献，税conversion n. 改装，改造conveyor n. 运送，传递，转让core time n. (弹性工作制的)基本上班时间(员工于此段时间必须上班，弹性只对除此以外的时间有效)cost n. 成本fixed costs固定成本running costs 日常管理费用variable costs可变成本cost-effectiveadj. 合算的，有效益的costingn.成本计算，成本会计creditn.赊购，赊购制度credit control赊销管理(检查顾客及时付款的体系)letter of credit信用证credit limit赊销限额credit rating 信贷的信用等级，信誉评价creditor n.债权人，贷方_reditworthiness n.信贷价值，信贷信用crisis n.危机，转折点critical adj. 关键的_riticalpath analysis n. 关键途径分析法currency n.货币，流通current adj. 通用的，现行的Current account 往来帐户，活期(存款)户current assets n.流动资产current liabilitiesn. 流动负债customise v. 按顾客的具体要求制造(或改造等);顾客化cut-throat adj. 残酷的，激烈的cut-price a. 削价(出售)的CV(=curriculum vitae)n. 简历，履历_ycle time n.循环时间BEC商务英语高级词汇大全(2)damages n.损害，损失deadline n. 最后期限deal n. 营业协议，数量v. 交易dealer n. 商人debit n. 借方，欠的钱v.记入帐户的借方debt n. 欠款，债务to get into debt 负债to be out of debt不欠债to pay off a debt还清债务debtor n.债务人aged debtors 长期债务人declare v.申报，声明decline n./v. 衰退，缓慢，下降decrease v. 减少deduct v.扣除，减去default n. 违约，未履行defect n. 缺陷defectiveadj有缺点的defer v. 推迟deferred payments n. 延期支付deficit n. 赤字delivery cycle n.交货周期_emand management n.需求规化demotivated adj. 消极的，冷谈的deposit n. 储蓄，预付(定金)depot n. 仓库depreciatev.贬值，(对资产)折旧depressingadj. 令人沮丧的deputy n. 代理人，副职，代理devalue v. 货币贬值(相对于其它货币)diet n. 饮食，食物，特种饮食differentiation n. 区分，鉴别dimensions n. 尺寸，面积，规模direct v管理，指导director n.经理，主管Managing Director n.总经理direct costn. 直接成本direct mailn.(商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的)直接邮件direct sellingn.直销，直接销售directory n.指南，号码簿discount n.折扣，贴现dismiss v.让……离开，打发走dismissal n. 打发走dispatch n./v. 调遣display n./v. 展出，显示dispose v.安排，处理(事务)dispose of 去掉，清除distribution n分配，分发，分送产品_iversify v.从事多种经营;多样化divest v.剥夺dividend n. 股息，红利，年息division n. 部门_og n. 滞销品down-market a./ad.低档商品的_own-time/downtimen. 设备闲置期DP(=Data Processing)n. 计算机数据处理，计算机数据处理部门dramaticadj. 戏剧性的drive积极性，能动due adj. 应付的，预期的dynamic 有活力的earnings n. 工资efficiency n. 效率endorse v.背书，接受engage v. 雇用entitle v. 授权entitlement n.应得的权利holiday entitlementn. 休假权equity n.股东权益equity capital股本equities 普通股，股estimated demandn.估计需求evaluate v. 估价，评价eventual adj.最终exaggerate v. 夸张exceed v. 超过exhibit n.展览，表现expendituren花费，支出额expensen.费用，支出expense account n. 费用帐户expenses n.费用，业务津贴expertise n.专长，专门知识和技能_xposure n.公众对某一产品或公司的知悉;广告所达到的观众总数facilities n.用于生产的设备、器材facilities layout n.设备的布局规化、计划facilities location n.设备安置_actoringn.折价购买债券_ail-safe system n.安全系统feasibility study n.可行性研究feedback n. 反馈，反馈的信息field n.办公室外边，具体业务file n. 文件集，卷宗，档案，文件v. 把文件(或资料)归档fill v. 充任finance n. 资金，财政v. 提供资金financial adj. 财政的financing n. 提供资金，筹借资金finished goods n. 制成品firm n. 公司fire v. 解雇fix v. 确定，使固定在fix up v. 解决，商妥fiscal adj. 国库的，财政的_lagship n. 同类中最成功的商品，佼佼者flexible adj. 有弹性的，灵活的flextime n. 弹性工作时间制flier(=flyer) n. 促销传单float v. 发行股票flop n. 失败flow shop n. 车间fluctuate v. 波动，涨落，起伏FOB, f.o.b n. 离岸价_ollow-up n. 细节落实，接连要做的事forecast v. 预测four P''s 指产品PRODUCT、价格PRICE、地点PLACE、促销PROMOTIONframework n. 框架，结构_ranchise n. 特许经销权v.特许经销，给予特许经销权franchisee n. 特许经营人franchiser n.授予特许经营权者fraud n. 欺骗_reebie n. (非正式的)赠品，免费促销的商品freelance n.& adj. 自由职业者(的)funds n. 资金，基金futures n. 期货交易BEC商务英语高级词汇大全(3)gap n. 缺口，空隙_earing n. 配称(即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率)_immick n. 好主意，好点子goal n. 目标going adj. 进行的，运转中的going rate n. 产品的市场价格goods n. 货物，商品goodwill n. 声誉_o public v. 首次公开发行股票grapple with v. 与……搏斗，尽力解决grievance n. 申诉，抱怨gross adj. 总的，毛的gross margin n. 毛利率gross profit n. 毛利gross yield n. 毛收益gradually adv. 逐渐地group n. (由若干公司联合而成的)集团grow v. 增长，扩大growth n. 增长，发展guarantee n. 保证，保单guidelines n. 指导方针，准则BEC商务英语高级词汇大全(4)transition noun 转变，转换，过渡volunteer noun 志愿者/兵ageism noun 对老年人的歧视alleviate verb 使(痛苦等)易于忍受，减轻aptitude noun 能力，才能slot noun 为某人/某事物安排的位置或时间from scratch 从零开始，从无到有，白手起家jump at phrasal verb 欣然接受recession noun 工商业之萧条/不景气recruit verb 征募新兵/吸收新成员arbitrary adjective 任意的，武断的blanket adjective 包括一切情形或种类的，总括的，综合的creed noun 信条criminology noun 犯罪学，刑事学culprit noun 犯人CV UK noun = curriculum vitae个人简历discriminate verb 歧视，区别待遇dynamic adjective 动力的，精力充沛的，有力的，动态的guilt noun 罪行，内疚high-flyer noun 抱负极高的人，有野心的人irrespective adjective 不顾的，不考虑的，无关的lag verb 落后于，滞后obsessed adjective 着迷/牵挂/困扰的oppress verb 压迫，压抑pressing adjective 紧迫的prevalent adjective 普遍的，流行的résumé noun 个人简历rot verb 腐烂/败set in phrasal verb (指雨、坏天气、感染等)开始并可能继续下去sliding scale noun 滑动费率，滑动折算制steady adjective 稳固的，稳定的strenuous adjective 精力充沛的，干劲十足的，必须努力的corridor noun 走廊give [someone] a hard time phrasal verb 使某人难堪interviewer noun 主持面试者，采访者panel noun 座谈小组，陪审团promising adjective 有希望的，有前途的short list noun 决选名单bonus noun 奖金，红利eligible adjective 合格的/有恰当资格的the nitty-gritty noun informal 基本事实，实情BEC商务英语高级词汇大全(5)board noun 懂事会，理事会array noun 排列，编队asset noun资产/有价值的技能、人branch office noun 分店，支店civil engineering noun 土木工程cornerstone noun 奠基石，基础corporation noun 公司，企业decade noun 十年join verb 参加，加入pension scheme noun 养老金计划或方案trade union (US labor union) noun 工会aerospace adjective/noun 航空航天空间，航空航天技术(的) beverage noun 饮料chart noun 图表electronics noun 电子学sector noun 部门/经济领域supply verb 供给，提供tertiary adjective 第三的fiscal year noun 财政年度/会计年度fledgling firm noun新公司/无经验的公司found verb 建立，创办innovative adjective 创新的/革新的link noun 连接(物)location noun 位置，场所maintain verb 维持，保养milestone noun 里程碑，转折点numerous adjective 许多的，无数的railroad = railway noun 铁路spearhead verb 领先/充当先锋turn of the century 世纪之交versatile adjective 万能的/多才多艺的zest noun 强烈的兴趣、热情。

国际贸易高频词汇

国际贸易高频词汇一、贸易术语类。

1. FOB（Free on Board）[ˌfriːɒn ˈbɔːd]- 词性：名词短语。

- 释义：船上交货（指定装运港），是指卖方在指定的装运港将货物装上买方指定的船只后，卖方即完成交货义务。

2. CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）[ˌkɒst ɪnˈʃʊərəns ænd fre ɪt]- 词性：名词短语。

- 释义：成本、保险费加运费（指定目的港），指卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上，负担货物越过船舷为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险并办理货运保险，支付保险费，以及负责租船订舱，支付从装运港到目的港的正常运费。

3. CFR（Cost and Freight）[ˌkɒst ænd freɪt]- 词性：名词短语。

- 释义：成本加运费（指定目的港），指卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内，在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上，负担货物越过船舷为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险，并负责租船订舱，支付抵达目的港的正常运费。

二、支付方式类。

1. T/T（Telegraphic Transfer）[tɪˈleɡræfɪk trænsˈfɜː(r)]- 词性：名词短语。

- 释义：电汇，是指汇出行应汇款人申请，拍发加押电报\电传或SWIFT给在另一国家的分行或代理行（即汇入行）指示解付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款方式。

2. L/C（Letter of Credit）[ˈletə(r) ɒv ˈkredɪt]- 词性：名词短语。

- 释义：信用证，是指由银行（开证行）依照（申请人的）要求和指示或自己主动，在符合信用证条款的条件下，凭规定单据向第三者（受益人）或其指定方进行付款的书面文件。

3. D/P（Documents against Payment）[ˈdɒkjuments əˈɡenst ˈpeɪmənt]- 词性：名词短语。

[商务英语BEC][词汇]国际贸易词汇术语大搜罗

国际贸易词汇术语大搜罗贸易价格术语trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣，回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesale price 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格/ 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语All Risks 一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk 罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定贸易方式词汇stocks 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase；installment plan分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight forwarder 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒进出口贸易词汇commerce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a complete entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关贸易伙伴术语trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 受托者,收件人,代销人。

商务英语词汇大全[BEC词汇打印版]

商务英语词汇大全abroad adv.在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n.缺席，离开absent adj.不在，不参与absenteeism n.（经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v.吸收，减轻（困难等）作用或影响abstract n.摘要access n.接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v.获得使用计算机数据库的权利accommodation n.设施，住宿account n.会计账目accountancy n.会计工作accountant n.会计accounts n.往来账目account for解释，说明account executive n.（广告公司）客户经理accruals n.增值，应计achieve v.获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v.承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v.获得，得到acquisition n.收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj.代理的activity n.业务类型actual adj.实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v.修改，适应adjust v.整理，使适应administration实施，经营，行政administer v.管理，实施adopt v.采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v.公布，做广告ad n.做广告，登广告advertisement n.出公告，做广告advertising n.广告业after-sales service n.售后服务agenda n.议事日程agent n.代理人，经纪人allocate v.分配，配给amalgamation n.合并，重组ambition n.强烈的欲望，野心amortize v.摊还analyze v.分析，研究analysis n.分析，分析结果的报告analyst n.分析家，化验员annual adj.每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting（AGM）股东年会anticipate v.期望anticipated adj.期待的appeal n.吸引力apply v.申请，请求；应用，运用applicant n.申请人application n.申请，施用，实施appointee n.被任命人appraisal n.估量，估价appreciate v.赏识，体谅，增值appropriate v.拨出（款项）approve v.赞成，同意，批准aptitude n.天资，才能arbitrage n.套arbitration n.仲裁arrears n.欠账assemble v.收集，集合assembly line n.装配线，流水作业线assess v.评定，估价asset n.资产current asset n.流动资产fixed asset n.固定资产frozen asset n.冻结资产intangible assets n.无形资产liquid assets n.速动资产tangible assets n.有形资产assist v.援助，协助，出席audit n.查账，审计automate v.使某事物自动操作average n.平均，平均水准awareness n.意识；警觉backing n.财务支持，赞助backhander n.贿赂backlog n.积压（工作或订货）bad debt死账（无法收回的欠款）balance n.收支差额，余额balance of payments n.贸易支付差额balance sheet n.资产负债表bankrupt adj.破产的bankruptcy n.破产bank statement n.银行结算清单（给帐户的），银行对账单bar chart n.条形图，柱状图bargain v.谈判，讲价base n.基地，根据地batch n.一批，一组，一群batch production批量生产bear market n.熊市beat v.超过，胜过behave v.表现，运转bbehavior n.举止，行为，运转情况below-the-line advertising线下广告，尚未被付款的广告benchmark衡量标准benefit n.利益，补助金，保险金得益fringe benefits附加福利Sickness benefit疾病补助费bid n.出价，投标takeover bid n.盘进（一个公司）的出价bill n.账单，票据billboard n.（路边）广告牌，招贴板black adj.违法的in the black有盈余，贷方black list黑名单，禁止贸易的（货物、公司及个人）名单black Monday n.黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子blue chips蓝筹股，绩优股blue-collar adj.蓝领（工人）的Board of Directors n.董事会Bond n.债券Bonus n.津贴，红利books公司账目book value n.账面价值，（公司或股票）净值bookkeeper n.簿记员，记账人boom n.繁荣，暴涨boost v.提高，增加，宣扬bottleneck n.瓶颈，窄路，阻碍bottom adj.最后的，根本的v.到达底部，建立基础bounce v.支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回brainstorm n/v点子会议，献计策,头脑风暴branch n.分支，分部brand n.商标，品牌brand leader n.占市场最大份额的品牌，名牌brand loyalty n.（消费者）对品牌的忠实break even v.收支相抵，不亏不盈break even point收支相抵点,盈亏平衡点breakthrough n.突破brief n.摘要brochure n.小册子broker n.经纪人，代理人bull market牛市budget n.预算bulk n.大量（货物）adj.大量的bust adj.破了产的buyout n.买下全部产权CAD(=Computer Aided Design)计算机辅助设计call n.打电话call on v.呼吁，约请，拜访campaign战役，运动candidate n.求职者，候选人canteen n.食堂canvass v.征求意见，劝说capacity n.生产额，（最大）产量caption n.照片或图片下的简短说明capital n.资本，资金capture v.赢得cash n.现金，现付款v.兑现cash flow n.现金流量case study n.案例分析catalogue n.目录，产品目录catastrophe n.大灾难，大祸CEO=Chief Executive Officer（美）总经理chain n.连锁店challenger n.挑战者channel n.(商品流通的)渠道charge n.使承担，要（价），把…记入…chart n.图表checkout n.付款台chief adj.主要的，首席的，总的CIF, c.i.f.成本保险费加运费circular n.传阅的小册子（传单等）circulate v.传阅claim n./v.要求，索赔client n.委托人，顾客cold adj.没人找上门来的，生意清淡的commercialize v.使商品化commission n.佣金commitment n.承诺commodity商品，货物company n.公司limited (liability) company股份有限公司public limited company (plc) n.股票上市公司compensate v.补偿，酬报compensation n.补偿，酬金compete v.比赛，竞争competition n.比赛，竞争competitor n.竞争者，对手competitive adj.竞争性的component n.机器元件、组件、部件，部分concentrated marketing n.集中营销策略condition n.条件，状况configuration n.设备的结构、组合conflict n.冲突，争论conglomerate n.综合商社，多元化集团公司consolidate v.账目合并consortium n.财团constant adj.恒定的，不断的，经常的consultant n.咨询人员，顾问，会诊医生consumables n.消耗品consumer durables n.耐用消费品(如：洗衣机)consumer goods n.消费品，生活资料contingency n.意外事件continuum n.连续时间contract n.合同，契约contractor n.承办商，承建人contribute v.提供，捐献contribution n.贡献，捐献，税conversion n.改装，改造conveyor n.运送，传递，转让core time n.（弹性工作制的）基本上班时间（员工于此段时间必须上班，弹性只对除此以外的时间有效）cost n.成本fixed costs固定成本running costs日常管理费用variable costs可变成本cost-effective adj.合算的，有效益的costing n.成本计算，成本会计credit n.赊购，赊购制度credit control赊销管理（检查顾客及时付款的体系）letter of credit信用证credit limit赊销限额credit rating信贷的信用等级，信誉评价creditor n.债权人，贷方creditworthiness n.信贷价值，信贷信用crisis n.危机，转折点critical adj.关键的*criticalpath analysis n.关键途径分析法currency n.货币，流通current adj.通用的，现行的Current account往来账户，活期（存款）户current assets n.流动资产current liabilities n.流动负债customize v.按顾客的具体要求制造（或改造等）；顾客化cut-throat adj.残酷的，激烈的cut-price a.削价（出售）的CV(=curriculum vitae)n.简历，履历cycle time n.循环时间damages n.损害，损失deadline n.最后期限deal n.营业协议，数量v.交易dealer n.商人debit n.借方，欠的钱v.记入账户的借方debt n.欠款，债务to get into debt负债to be out of debt不欠债to pay off a debt还清债务debtor n.债务人aged debtors长期债务人declare v.申报，声明decline n./v.衰退，缓慢，下降decrease v.减少deduct v.扣除，减去default n.违约，未履行defect n.缺陷defective adj.有缺点的defer v.推迟deferred payments n.延期支付deficit n.赤字delivery cycle n.交货周期demand management n.需求规划decorticated adj.消极的，冷谈的deposit n.储蓄，预付（定金）depot n.仓库depreciate v.贬值，（对资产）折旧depressing adj.令人沮丧的deputy n.代理人，副职，代理devalue v.货币贬值（相对于其它货币）diet n.饮食，食物，特种饮食differentiation n.区分，鉴别dimensions n.尺寸，面积，规模direct v.管理，指导director n.经理，主管Managing Director n.总经理direct cost n.直接成本direct mail n.（商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的）直接邮件direct selling n.直销，直接销售directory n.指南，号码簿discount n.折扣，贴现dismiss v.让……离开，打发走dismissal n.打发走dispatch n./v.调遣display n./v.展出，显示dispose v.安排，处理（事务）dispose of去掉，清除distributionn.分配，分发，分送产品diversify v.从事多种经营；多样化divest v.剥夺dividend n.股息，红利，年息division n.部门dog n.滞销品down-market a./ad.低档商品的down-time/downtime n.设备闲置期DP(=Data Processing) n.计算机数据处理，计算机数据处理部门dramatic adj.戏剧性的drive积极性，能动due adj.应付的，预期的dynamic有活力的earnings n.工资,收入efficiency n.效率endorse v.背书，接受engage v.雇用entitle v.授权entitlement n.应得的权利holiday entitlement n.休假权equity n.股东权益equity capital股本equities普通股，股estimated demand n.估计需求evaluate v.估价，评价eventual adj.最终exaggerate v.夸张exceed v.超过exhibit n.展览，表现expenditure n花费，支出额expense n.费用，支出expense account n.费用帐户expenses n.费用，业务津贴expertise n.专长，专门知识和技能exposure n.公众对某一产品或公司的知悉；广告所达到的观众总数facilities n.用于生产的设备、器材facilities layout n.设备的布局规划、计划facilities location n.设备安置factoring n.折价购买债券fail-safe system n.安全系统feasibility study n.可行性研究feedback n.反馈，反馈的信息field n.办公室外边，具体业务file n.文件集，卷宗，档案，文件v.归档fill v.充任finance n.资金，财政v.提供资金financial adj.财政的financing n.提供资金，筹借资金finished goods n.制成品firm n.公司fire v.解雇fix v.确定，使固定在fix up v.解决，商妥fiscal adj.国库的，财政的flagship n.同类中最成功的商品，佼佼者flexible adj.有弹性的，灵活的flextime n.弹性工作时间制flier(=flyer) n.促销传单float v.发行股票flop n.失败flow shop n.车间fluctuate v.波动，涨落，起伏FOB, f.o.b n.离岸价follow-up n.细节落实，接连要做的事forecast v.预测four P's指produce、price、place、promotion framework n.框架，结构franchise n.特许经销权v.特许经销franchisee n.特许经营人franchiser n.授予特许经营权者fraud n.欺骗freebie n.(非正式的）赠品，免费促销的商品freelance n.& adj.自由职业者（的）funds n.资金，基金futures n.期货交易gap n.缺口，空隙gearing n.配称（即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率）gimmick n.好主意，好点子goal n.目标going adj.进行的，运转中的going rate n.产品的市场价格goods n.货物，商品goodwill n.声誉go public v.首次公开发行股票grapple with v.与……搏斗，尽力解决grievance n.申诉，抱怨gross adj.总的，毛的gross margin n.毛利率gross profit n.毛利gross yield n.毛收益graduallyadv.逐渐地group n.（由若干公司联合而成的）集团grow v.增长，扩大growth n.增长，发展guarantee n.保证，保单guidelines n.指导方针，准则hand in v.呈送hand in one's notice递交辞呈handle v.经营hands on adj.有直接经验的hard sell n.强行推销hazard n.危险，危害行为head n.主管，负责health and safety n.健康和安全hedge n.套期保值hidden adj.隐藏的，不明显的hierarchy n.等级制度，统治集团，领导层hire v.雇用hire purchase n.分期付款购物法hit v.击中，到达holder n.持有者holding company n.控股公司hostile adj.不友好的，恶意的HRD n.人力资源发展部human resources n.人力资源hype n.天花乱坠的（夸张）广告宣传impact n.冲击，强烈影响implement v.实施，执行implication n.隐含意义incentive n.刺激；鼓励income n.工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入earned income劳动收入，劳动所得unearned income非劳动收入，投资所得increment v.定期增加incur v.招致，承担indemnity n.偿还，赔偿index n.指数，索引retail price index零售价格指数indirect costs n.间接成本induction n.就职industrial adj.工业的industrial action n.（罢工、怠工等）劳工行动industrial relations n.劳资关系inefficiency n.低效率，不称职inflate v.抬高（物价），使通货等）膨胀inflation n.通货膨胀infringe v.违法，违章initial adj.初步的innovate v.革新input n.投入insolvent adj.无清偿力的installment n.部分，分期付款insure v.给……保险，投保insurance n.保险interest n.利息，兴趣interest rate n.利率interim n.中期，过渡期间intermittent production n.阶段性生产interview n./v.面试interviewee n.被面试的人interviewer n.主持面试的人，招聘者introduce v.介绍，提出inventory n.库存buffer inventory用于应付突发性需求的存货capacity inventory用于将来某时使用的存货cycle inventory n.循环盘存decoupling inventory保险性存货（以应付万一）finished goods inventory制成品存货（盘存）pipeline inventory n.在途存货raw materials inventory n.原材料存货work-in-progress inventory在制品盘存（存货）invest v.投资investment n.投资investor n.投资者invoice n.发票v.给（某人）开发票irrevocable adj.不可撤消的，不能改变的issue n.发行股票rights issue n.优先认股权IT=Information Technology信息技术item n.货物，条目，条款job n.工作job description工作说明，职务说明job lot n.一次生产的部分或少数产品job mobility工作流动job rotation工作轮换job satisfaction工作的满意感（自豪感）job shop n.专门车间jobbing n.为一次性的或小的订货需求而特设的生产制度joint adj.联合的joint bank account（几人的）联合银行存款账户journal n.专业杂志jurisdiction n.管辖（权）junk bonds n.低档（风险）债券，垃圾债券junk mail n.（未经收信人要求的）直接邮寄的广告宣传just-in-time n.无库存制度key adj.主要的，关键的knockdown adj.（价格）很低的know-how n.专门技术label n.标签，标牌v.加标签，加上标牌labor n.劳动，工作，劳动力labor market劳动力市场labor relations劳资关系labor shortage劳动力短缺launch v.推出一种新产品n.新产品的推出lay-off/layoff n./v.临时解雇layout n.工厂的布局lead v.领先，领导lead time n.完成某项活动所需的时间leaflet n.广告印刷传单lease n.租借，租赁物legal adj.合法的lend v.出借，贷款lessee n.承租人lesser n.出租人ledger n.分类帐nominal ledger n.记名帐purchase ledger n.进货sales ledger n.销货帐leverage n.杠杆比率liability n.负债liabilities n.债务license n.许可证license v.许可，批准life cycle n.寿命周期likely adj.可能的line process流水线（组装）link n.关系，联系，环liquid adj.易转换成现款的liquidate v.清算liquidity n.拥有变现力liquidation n.清理（关闭公司），清算liquidator n.清算人，公司资产清理人listed adj.登记注册的listing n.上市公司名录literature n.（说明书类的）印刷品，宣传品litigate v.提出诉讼loan n./v.贷款，暂借logo n.企业的特有标记lose v.亏损loser n.失败者loss n.损失lot n.批，量loyalty n.忠诚，忠实magazine n.杂志，期刊mail shot n.邮购maintain v.维持，保持maintenance n.维持，坚持major adj.重大的，主要的，较大的majority shareholding绝对控股make n.产品的牌子或型号make-to-order adj.根据订货而生产的产品make-to-stock adj.指那些在未收到订货时就已生产了的产品management n.管理，管理部门middle management n.中层管理人员senior management n.高层管理人员managerial adj.管理人员的，管理方面的manager n.经理plant manager n.工厂负责人line manager n.基层负责人staff manager n.部门经理助理management accounts n.管理帐目matrix management n.矩阵管理management information system(MIS) n.管理信息系统manning n.人员配备manpower n.劳动力manpower resources n.劳动力资源manual adj.体力的，人工的，蓝领的manufacture v.（用机器）制造manufacturer n.制造者（厂、商、公司）manufacturing adj.制造的manufacturing industry制造业margin n.利润gross margin n.毛利率net margin n.净利润mark-up v.标高售价，加价market n.市场；产品可能的销量down market adv./ adj.低档商品地/的up market adj./adv.高档商品的/地marketing mix n.综合营销策略，指定价、促销、产品等策略的配合market leader n.市场上的主导公司market niche n.小摊位，专业市场的一个小部分market penetration n.市场渗入market segmentation市场划分market share n.市场占有率，市场份额mass-marketing n.大众营销术master production schedule n.主要生产计划material requirements planning(MRP) n.计算生产中所需材料的方法materials handling n.材料管理，材料控制maximize v.使增至最大限度、最大化measure n.措施，步骤media n.新闻工具，传媒mass media大众传媒（如电视、广播、报纸等）merchandising n.（在商店中）通过对商品的摆放与促销进行经营merge v.联合，合并merger n.（公司，企业等的）合并merit n.优点，值得，应受method study n.方法研究middleman n.中间人，经纪人full milk n.全脂牛奶skimmed milk n.脱脂乳minimize v.使减至最小限度，最小化mission n.公司的长期目标和原则mobility n.流动性，可移性moderately adv.中等地，适度地monopoly n.垄断，独占mortgage n./v.抵押motivate v.激励，激发……的积极性motivated adj.有积极性的motivation n.提供动机，积极性，动力motive n.动机negotiate v.谈判negotiable adj.可谈判的，可转让的net adj.净的，纯的network n.网络niche n.专业市场中的小摊位notice n.通知，辞职申请，离职通知objective n.目标，目的obsolete adj.过时的，淘汰的，废弃的offer n.报价，发盘offer v.开价off-season adj./adv.淡季的off-the-shelf adj.非专门设计的off-the-peg adj.标准的，非顾客化的opening n.空位operate v.操作，经营，管理operating profits营业利润operations chart n.经营（管理）表operations scheduling n.生产经营进度表opportunity n.机会optimize v.优化option n.选择权share option n.期权organigram n.组织图organization chart n.公司组织机构图orient v.定向，指引orientation n.倾向，方向；熟悉，介绍情况outcome n.结果outlay n.开销，支出，费用outlet n.商店a retail outlet零售店outgoings n.开支，开销outlined adj.概括，勾勒的草图output n.产量outsource v.外购产品或由外单位制做产品outstanding adj.未付款的，应收的over-demand n.求过于供overdraft n.透支overdraft facility透支限额overdraw v.透支overhead costs n.营业成本overheads n.企业一般管理费用overpay n.多付（款）overtime n.加班overview n.概述，概观owe v.欠钱，应付p.a.(=per annum) n.每年packaging n.包装物；包装parent company n.母公司，总公司part-time adj.部分时间工作的，业余的participate v.参加，分享partnership n.合伙，合伙企业patent n.专利pay n.工资，酬金v.付钱，付报酬take-home pay实得工资payroll n.雇员名单，工资表peak n.峰值，顶点penetrate v.渗透，打入（市场）penetration n.目标市场的占有份额pension n.养老金，退休金perform v.表现，执行performance n.进行，表现工作情况performance appraisal n.工作情况评估perk n.额外待遇（交通、保健、保险等）personnel n.员员工，人员petty cash n.零用现金phase out n.分阶段停止使用pick v.提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货picking list n.用于择取生产或运输订货的表格pie chart n.饼形图pilot n.小规模试验pipeline n.管道，渠道plant capacity n.生产规模，生产能力plot v.标绘，策划plough back n.将获利进行再投资point of sale (POS) n.销售点policy n.政策，规定,保险单portfolio n.（投资）组合portfolio management n.组合证券管理post n.邮件，邮局；职位position n.职位potential n.潜在力，潜势power n.能力purchasing power购买力PR=Public Relations公共关系preference shares n.优先股price n.价格market price市场价，市价retail price零售价probation n.试用期product n.产品production cycle n.生产周期production schedule n.生产计划product life cycle n.产品生命周期product mix n.产品组合（种类和数量的组合）productive adj.生产的，多产的profile n.简介形象特征profit n.利润operating profit n.营业利润profit and loss account n.损益账户project v.预测promote v.推销promotion n.提升，升级proposal n.建议，计划prospect n.预期，展望prospectus n.计划书，说明书prosperity n.繁荣，兴隆prototype n.原型，样品publicity n.引起公众注意public adj.公众的，公开的go public上市public sector公有企业publicity n.公开场合，名声，宣传publics n.公众，（有共同兴趣的）人或社会人士punctual adj.准时的punctuality n.准时purchase v. & n.购买purchaser n.买主，采购人QC(=Quality Circle) n.质检人员qualify v.有资格，胜任qualified adj.有资格的，胜任的，合格的qualification n.资格，资格证明quality n.质量quality assurance n.质量保证quality control质量控制，质量管理quarterly adj./adv.季度的，按季度questionnaire n.调查表，问卷quote n.报价，股票牌价quotation n.报价，股票牌价Ｒ＆ＤResearch and Development研究与开发Radically adv.根本地，彻底地raise n.（美）增薪v.增加，提高；提出，引起range n.系列产品rank n./v.排名rapport n.密切的关系，轻松愉快的气氛rate n.比率，费用fixed rate固定费用，固定汇率going rate现行利率，现行汇率rating评定结果ratio n.比率rationalize v.使更有效，使更合理raw adj.原料状态的，未加工的raw material n.原材料receive v.得到receipt n.收据receiver n.接管人，清算人accounts receivable应收帐receivership n.破产管理recession n.萧条reckon v.估算，认为recognize v.承认reconcile v.使……相吻合，核对，调和recoup v.扣除，赔偿recover v.重新获得，恢复recovery n.重获，恢复recruit v.招聘，征募n.新招收的人员recruitment n.新成员的吸收red n.红色in the red赤字，负债reduce v.减少reduction n.减少redundant adj.过多的，被解雇的redundancy n.裁员，解雇reference n.参考，参考资料reference number (Ref. No.)产品的参考号码refund n./v.归还，偿还region n.地区reimburse v.偿还，报销reject n./v.拒绝reliability n.可靠性relief n.减轻，解除，救济relocate v.调动，重新安置remuneration n.酬报，酬金rent v.租n.租金rep（代表）的缩写report to v.低于（某人），隶属，从属reposition v.(为商品)重新定位represent v.代表，代理representative n.代理人，代表reputation n.名声，声望reputable adj.名声/名誉好的reserves n.储量金，准备金resign v.放弃，辞去resignation n.辞职resistance n.阻力，抵触情绪respond v.回答，答复response n.回答，答复restore v.恢复result/results n.结果，效果retail n./v.零售retailer n.零售商retained earnings n.留存收益retire v.退休retirement n.退休return n.投资报酬return on investment (ROI) n.投资收入，投资报酬revenue n.岁入，税收review v./n.检查reward n./v.报答，报酬，奖赏rework v.（因劣质而）重作risk capital n.风险资本rival n.竞争者，对手adj.竞争的rocket v.急速上升，直线上升，飞升ROIReturn on Investment投资利润roughly adv.粗略地round adj.整数表示的，大约round trip往返的行程royalty n.特许权，专利权税run v.管理，经营running adj.运转的sack v.解雇sales force销售人员sample n.样品v.试验；抽样检验saturation n.（市场的）饱和（状态）saturate v.饱和save v.节省，储蓄savings n.存款scale n.刻度，层次scapegoat n.替罪羊scare adj.缺乏的，不足的scrap n.废料或废品seasonal adj.季节性的section n.部门sector n.部门securities n.债券及有价证券segment n.部分v.将市场划分成不同的部分segmentation n.将市场划分成不同的部门semi-skilled adj.半熟练的settle v.解决，决定settlement n.解决，清偿，支付service n.服务，帮佣services n.专业服务settle v.安排，支付set up v.创立share n.股份shareholder n.股东shelf-life n.货架期（商品可以陈列在货架上的时间shift n.轮班showroom n.陈列室simulation n.模拟shop n.商店closed shop限制行业（只允许本工会会员）open shop开放行业（非会员可从事的工作）shop steward工会管事shop floor生产场所shortlist n.供最后选择的候选人名单v.把……列入最后的候选人名单sick leave病假sick note病假条sick pay病假工资skilled employee n.熟练工人skimming n.高额定价，撇奶油式定价slogan n.销售口号slump n.暴跌a slump in sales销售暴跌soft-sell n.劝诱销售（术），软销售（手段）software n.软件sole adj.仅有的，单独的sole distributor独家分销商solvent adj.有偿付能力的sourcing n.得到供货spare part n.零部件specification n.产品说明split v.分离spokesman n.发言人sponsor n.赞助者（为了商品的广告宣传）spread n.（股票买价和卖价的）差额stable adj.稳定的staff n.职员stag n.投机认股者v.炒买炒卖stagnant adj.停滞的，萧条的statute n.成文法statutory adj.法定的steadily adv.稳定地，平稳地stock n.库存，股票stock exchange n.证券交易所stockbroker n.股票经纪人stock controller库房管理者storage n.贮藏，库存量strategy n.战略streamline v.精简机构，提高效率stress n.压力，紧迫strike n.罢工structure n.结构，设备subcontract v.分包（工程项目），转包subordinate n.下级adj.下级的subscribe v.认购subsidiary n.子公司subsidize v.补贴，资助subsidy n.补助金substantially adv.大量地，大幅度地summarize v.概括，总结superior n.上级，长官supervisor n.监督人，管理人supervisory adj.监督的，管理的supply n./v.供给，提供survey n.调查SWOT analysis n.SWOT分析是分析一个公司或一个项目的优点、弱点、机会和风险synergy n.协作tactic n.战术，兵法tailor v.特制产品tailor made products特制产品take on雇用takeover n.接管target n.目标v.把……作为目标tariff n.关税；价目表task n.任务，工作task force n.突击队，攻关小队（为完成某项任务而在一起的一组人）tax n.税，税金capital gains tax n.资本收益税corporation tax n.公司税，法人税income tax n.所得税value added tax增值税tax allowance免减税tax avoidance避税taxable可征税的taxation征税tax-deductible在计算所得税时予以扣除的telesales n.电话销售，电话售货temporary adj.暂时的temporary post临时职位tender n./v.投标territory n.（销售）区域tie n.关系，联系throughput n.工厂的总产量TQC(=Total Quality Control) n.全面质量管理track record n.追踪记录，业绩trade n./v.商业，生意；交易，经商balance of trade贸易平衡trading profit贸易利润insider trading内部交易trade mark商标trade union工会trainee n.受培训者transaction n.交易，业务transfer n./v.传输，转让transformation n.加工transparency n. (投影用)透明胶片treasurer n.司库，掌管财务的人treasury n.国库，财政部trend n.趋势，时尚trouble-shooting n.解决问题turnover n.营业额，员工流动的比率staff turnover人员换手率stock turnover股票换手率undertake v.从事、同意做某事undifferentiated marketing n.无差异性营销策略uneconomical adj.不经济的，浪费unemployment n.失业unemployment benefit n.失业津贴unit n.单位unit cost n.单位成本update v.使现代up to date adj./adv.流行的，现行的，时髦的upgrade v.升级，增加upturn n.使向上，使朝上USP唯一的销售计划vacancy n.空缺vacant adj.空缺的value n./v.价值，估价valuation n.价值value-added n.增加值variable n.可变物variation n.变化，变更variety n.多样化a variety of多种多样的vary v.改变，修改VATValue Added Tax增值税vendor n.卖主（公司或个人）venture n.冒险，投机venue n.地点，集合地点viable adj.可行的viability n.可行性vision n.设想，公司的长期目标vocation n.行业，职业vocational adj.行业的，职业的wage n.（周）工资wage freeze n.工资冻结warehouse n.仓库，货栈wealth n.财富，资源wealthy adj.富裕的，丰富的welfare n.福利white-collar白领阶层white goods n.如洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品wholesale n./adj./adv.批发wholesaler批发商wind up v.关闭公司withdraw v.拿走，收回，退出withdrawal n.拿走，收回，退出wholesale n./a.批发；批发的wholesaler n.批发商work n.工作working conditions n.工作条件work-in-progress n.工作过程workload n.工作量work order n.（包括原料、半成品、成品的）全部存货总量work station工作位置working capital n.营运资本，营运资金write off v.取消write-off n.债务的取消yield n.有效产量zero defect n.合格产品zero inventory n.零存货。

国际外贸术语单词

国际外贸术语单词以下是一些常见的国际外贸术语以及相应的英文单词：1.贸易伙伴：Trading partner2.询盘：Inquiry3.发盘：Offer4.还盘：Counter-offer5.接受：Acceptance6.合同：Contract7.订单：Order8.支付方式：Payment terms9.信用证：Letter of credit (L/C)10.电汇：Telegraphic transfer (T/T)11.托收：Collection12.佣金：Commission13.折扣：Discount14.贸易顺差：Trade surplus15.贸易逆差：Trade deficit16.贸易平衡：Trade balance17.国际贸易：International trade18.世界贸易组织：World Trade Organization (WTO)19.关税：Tariff20.通关手续：Customs clearance21.国际贸易单证：International trade documents22.国际贸易运输：International trade transportation23.国际贸易保险：International trade insurance24.国际贸易支付：International trade payment25.国际贸易争端：International trade disputes26.国际贸易政策：International trade policies27.国际贸易法规：International trade regulations28.国际贸易惯例：International trade practices29.国际贸易合作：International trade cooperation30.国际贸易关系：International trade relations。

商务英语的专业术语

商务英语涉及许多专业术语，以下是其中一些常见的术语：1. 国际贸易术语（INCOTERMS）：是一套国际贸易中常用的术语，用于明确买卖双方在货物运输、保险、关税等方面的责任和费用。

常见的国际贸易术语包括FOB（船上交货）、CIF（成本加保险费加运费）等。

2. 商业发票（Commercial Invoice）：是出口商向进口商开立的说明货物名称、数量、价值、装运条款等内容的账单，是进口商清关、报税的重要文件。

3. 提单（Bill of Lading）：是承运人签发的证明货物已经装船并保证在指定目的地交货给收货人的凭证。

4. 信用证（Letter of Credit）：是一种由银行开立的保证付款文件，进口商凭以向出口商支付货款的支付方式。

5. 谈判（Negotiation）：是指贸易双方就交易条件进行协商，达成一致意见的过程。

6. 贸易壁垒（Trade Barrier）：是指妨碍国际贸易进行的因素，例如关税、配额、许可证等。

7. 反倾销税（Anti-dumping Duties）：是一种保护国内产业的措施，对倾销商品征收反倾销税，以消除其对国内产业的损害。

8. 贸易顺差/逆差（Trade Surplus/Deficit）：是指一国出口总额与进口总额之间的差额，贸易顺差表示出口额大于进口额，贸易逆差表示进口额大于出口额。

9. 贸易伙伴关系（Trade Partnership）：是指两个或多个国家之间通过签订贸易协定或建立自由贸易区等方式建立的贸易关系，旨在促进贸易自由化和加强经济合作。

10. 贸易条件（Terms of Trade）：是指一国出口商品与其进口商品之间的价格关系，通常用出口商品价格指数与进口商品价格指数之比来表示。

以上仅是商务英语中常用的一些术语，实际上商务英语中还有许多专业术语，根据具体的行业和业务领域有所不同。

外贸必备商务英语词汇大全

外贸必备商务英语词汇大全商务英语在外贸领域扮演着重要的角色，掌握一些商务英语词汇将有助于提高在外贸交流中的沟通和合作能力。

本文将为你提供一份外贸必备的商务英语词汇大全，以帮助你更好地应对商务交流挑战。

一、国际贸易相关词汇1. Import（进口）：指从国外购买商品或服务进入国内市场。

2. Export（出口）：指将国内商品或服务销售到国外市场。

3. Trade（贸易）：指商品或服务的买卖交易活动。

4. Customs（海关）：指负责监管和管理进出口商品的政府部门。

5. Tariff（关税）：指进口或出口商品时需要缴纳的税费。

6. Quota（配额）：指限制某种商品的进口或出口数量。

7. Invoice（发票）：指标明商品名称、数量和价值等信息的购销凭证。

8. Packing list（装箱单）：指标明商品包装情况和数量的清单。

9. Certificate of origin（原产地证明）：证明商品产地的文件。

10. Bill of lading（提单）：海运货物交付和运输的凭证。

二、贸易方式与合作伙伴词汇1. FOB（Free on Board，离岸价）：指卖方将货物交付给买方，且包括在船上的费用。

2. CIF（Cost, Insurance & Freight，成本、保险和运费）：指卖方承担将货物运输到目的港口的费用和保险。

3. EXW（Ex Works，工厂交货价）：指卖方在自己工厂提供商品，并由买方承担一切费用。

4. OEM（Original Equipment Manufacturer，原始设备制造商）：指买方委托卖方按照自己的设计和要求进行生产制造。

5. ODM（Original Design Manufacturer，原始设计制造商）：指卖方根据买方提供的需求进行设计和制造。

6. Agent（代理商）：指代表买方或卖方进行国际贸易活动的中间人。

7. Distributor（经销商）：指负责在特定区域内销售商品的批发商。

国际贸易专业词汇

国际贸易专业英语（商务词汇汇总）目录：一、进出口贸易词汇 (2)二、贸易价格术语 (5)三、贸易保险、国际组织术语 (8)四、贸易价格术语 (11)五、贸易伙伴术语 (14)六、数量条件与外汇术语 (16)一、进出口贸易词汇merce the activity of buying and selling, especially on a largescale贸易2. Export Declaration A form to be completed by the exporter or theirauthorized agent and filed in triplicate by a carrier withthe United State Collector of customs at the point of exit.出口申报单3.import to bring or carry in from an outside source, especially to bringin(goods or materials)from a foreign country for trade orsale 进口4.import licence A certificate, issued by countries exercising importcontrols, that permits importation of the articles statedin the license. The issuance of such a permit frequently isconnected with the release of foreign exchange needed to payfor the shipment for which the import license has beenrequested.进口许口证5.export licence A document secured from a government, authorizing anexporter to export a specific quantity of a particularcommodity to a certain country. An export license is oftenrequired if a government has place embargoes or otherrestrictions upon exports. See General Export License.出口许口证6.inquiry an act of asking for information询盘7.delivery an item or items delivered on a particular occasion.交货8.order a thing made, supplied, or served as a result of such a request订货9.Bill of Lading A document that establishes the terms of a contractbetween a shipper and a transportation company under whichfreight is to be moved between specified points for aspecified charge. Usually prepared by the shipper on formsissued by the carrier, it serves as a document of title,contract of carriage, and a receipt for goods. Also see AirWaybill and Ocean Bill of Lading.提单10.Endorsement in Blank Commonly used on a bank check, an endorsementin blank is an endorsement to the bearer. It contains onlythe name of the endorser and specifies no particular payee.Also, a common means of endorsing bills of lading dawn tothe order of the shipper. The bills are endorsed "For..."(see Bill of Lading, Order).空白背书11.endorsed sign (a cheque or bill of exchange) on the back to make itpayable to someone other than the stated payee or to acceptresponsibility for paying it背书12.cargo receipt Is a receipt of cargo for shipment by a consolidator(used in ocean freight).承运货物收据13. catalogue a publication containing details and often photographs ofitems for sale商品目录14.Red Clause Letter of Credit A letter of credit that allows theexporter to receive a percentage of the face value of theletter of credit in advance of shipment. This enables theexporter to purchase inventory and pay other costsassociated with producing and preparing the export order.红条款信用证15.export subsidy An economic benefit granted by a government toproducers of goods or services, often to strengthen theircompetitive position. 出口津贴16.favorable balance of trade When countries export more than theyimport, they are said to have a favorable balance oftrade. 贸易顺差17.unfavorable balance of trade When they import more than they export,an unfavorable balance of trade exits. 贸易逆差18.free trade zone A port designated by the government of a country forduty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandisemay be stored, displayed, used for manufacturing, within thezone and re-exported without duties being paid. Duties areimposed on the merchandise (or items manufactured from themerchandise) only when the goods pass from the zone into anarea of the country subject to the Customs Authority. 自由贸易区19. most-favored nation treatment（MFNT）The list of a country's importduties is called a tariff schedule. A single tariff scheduleapplies to all goods, no matter what their country of origin.A double or multicolumn schedule provides for differingrates depending on the country of origin. Most modern tradeagreements are made on the basis of what is calledmost-favored-nation treatment. 最惠国待遇20.General Average When damage to cargo on board a vessel exceedscarrier's insurance, carrier will release cargo only withan acceptance agreement to claim only a general percentageof all the damage sustained.共同海损mercial Invoice An itemized list of goods shipped, usuallyincluded among an exporter's collection papers.商业发票22.Ocean bills of lading A receipt for cargo in transit, and a contractbetween the exporter and an ocean carrier for transportationand delivery of goods to a specified party at a specifiedforeign destination. Issued after the vessel has sailed andthe cargo has been entered in the ship's manifest. 海运提单23.Customs liquidation The finalization of a customs entry. 清关24.Customs Bonded Warehouse Is a warehouse where imported goods maybe stored for a total of three years without the payment ofduty or taxes. 保税仓库25.dumping sending (goods unsaleable in the home market) to a foreignmarket for sale at a low price. 商品倾销26.export send (goods or services) to another country for sale出口27.Correspondent Bank A bank that, in its own country, handles thebusiness of a foreign bank.通知行28.sight draft a draft payable upon presentation. 即期汇票29.transferable L/C a letter of credit part of whose value when theapplicant defaults on another agreed method of payment可转让信用证30.mark information placed on outer surface of shipping containers orpackages such as address labels, identifying numbers, boxspecifications, caution, or directional warning.唛头二、贸易价格术语1.FOB (free on board) Seller is responsible for inland freight and allother costs until the cargo has been loaded on thevessel/aircraft.Buyer is responsible for ocean/airfreightand marine/airinsurance离岸价（船上交货价）2.C&F(cost and freight)Is a quoted price includes cost of goods andfreight. 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）3.CIF (cost, insurance and freight) Is a quoted price includes cost ofgoods, insurance and freight. 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）4.reight All merchandise,goods,products,or commodities shipped bysail,air,road,or water other than by baggage,expressmail,or regular mail . 运费5.wharfage A charge assessed by a pier or dock owner against the cargoor a steamship company for use of the pier or dock. 码头费6.tariff customs,duty；Duties or a duty imposed by a government onImported or exported goods. 关税mission The amount paid to an agent,which may be an individual, aborker, or a financial institution for consummating atransaction involving sale or purchase of assets orservices. 佣金8.return commission A commission which is paid back by the agent if apolicy is cancelled before its normal expiration date. 回佣，回扣 price price of product (service) which does not contain Value AdeedTax净价10.wholesale price Wholesaling is the sale of goods or merchandise toretailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional, orother professional business users批发价11.discount / allowance A reduction from the full or standard amout ofa pice or debt折扣12.retail price The price paid by a consumer to a dealer or individualfor a vehicle. The dealer or individual sets the retail priceof a used car by calculating the wholesale price paid plusreconditioning expenses and other costs零售价13.spot price the current delivery price of a commodity traded in thespot market现货价格14.current price prevailing price，the prices of goods and services inthe reference period现行价格/时价15.customs valuation Establishment, according to defined criteria, ofthe value of goods for the purpose of levying ad valoremcustoms duties on their importation海关估价16.price list means the list of charges for the Product as found on theSite and VAT at the prescribed rate and any other tax, dutyor levy imposed by legislation. 价目表17.stamp duty stamp tax，a tax collected by requiring a stamp to bepurchased and attached (usually on documents orpublications). 印花税18.revenue the total income a business firm or government receives fromall source税收，收入19.forward price Refers to sales into the future of a physical commodityby the use of forward contracting or futures and optionshedging. It is a marketing tool for grain buyers and sellers.期货（远期）价格，期货价20.deduction an amount that is or may be deducted；the act of deducting；subtraction扣除（额）；减除（额）21.average cost Usually refers to average total cost，which is the totalcost of production of a good or service(including the costsof fixed inputs and variable inputs) divided by the quantityproduced. 平均成本22.interest rate The fee charged by a lender to a borrower for the useof borrowed money，usually expressed as an annual percentageof the principal；the rate is dependent upon the time valueof money，the credit risk of the bprrowed and the onflationrate. 利率Interest rates can be calculated as simple，compounded or effective.23.import surcharge A temporary tax on imports over and aboveestablished tariffs, usually enacted in times of economiccrisis进口附加税24.import licence An import license is a document issued by a nationalgovernment authorizing the importation of certain goodsinto its territory.进口许口证25.export licence A document secured from a government, authorizing anexporter to export a specific quantity of a particularcommodity to a certain country. An export license is oftenrequired if a government has place embargoes or otherrestrictions upon exports. See General Export Licence出口许口证26.total value face value * place value. 总值27.world (International)Market price World market prices ofcommodities exchange国际市场价格28.open account Credit extended that is not supported by a note，mortage，or other formal written evidence of indebtedness. Becausethis method poses an obvious risk to the supplier，it isessential that the buy’s integrity by unquestionable. 赊账29.average price The price of a home determined by totaling the salesprices of all houses sold in an area and dividing that numberby the number of homes. 平均价格30.Port of Discharge Port where vessel is off loaded and cargo discharges.卸货港三、贸易保险、国际组织术语1. Insurer: insurance company: a financial institution that sellsinsurance 保险人2. Insured: a person whose interests are protected by an insurancepolicy 投保人3. Insurance policy: An Insurance contract determines the legalframework under which the features of an insurance policyare enforced.保险单4. proximate cause:an event sufficiently related to a legallyrecognizable injury to be held the cause of that injury.近因原则5. Total Loss: Totaled (shorthand for total loss) is a term used in theinsurance industry. Generally, the insurance providerwill only pay out the lesser cost of buying a replacementvehicle, instead of paying to repair the old one to itsprevious state.全部损失/全损6. PICC: People’s Insurance Company of China. a Chinese insurancecompany中国人民保险公司7. I.C.: China Insurance Clause中国保险条款8. W/W clause: Warehouse to Warehouse Clause仓至仓条款9. All Risks ：This is an insurance term and the “All Risks” insurancewill normally cover against all risks of whatever natureprovided that they are risks and not certainties.一切险10. W.A./W.P.A：(With Average or With Particular Average) An insurance termmeaning that partial loss or damage of goods is insured.Generally must be caused by sea water. Many have a minimumpercentage of damage before payment. May be extended tocover loss by theft, pilferage, delivery, leakage, andbreakage. 水渍险11. F.P.A.：(Free of Particular Average) A term used in marine insurancepolicies to indicate that while the underwriter isunwilling to assume liability for ordinary partial lossesdue to the peculiar qualities of the particular articleor to its form of package, he is willing to bear partiallosses, the direct result of stranding, sinking, burning,collision, or other named peril 平安险12. War Risk: The possible aggressive actions against a ship and itscargo by a belligerent government. This risk can beinsured by a marine policy with a risk clause. 战争险13. Strike， riots and civel commotion ：（S.R.C.C.）An insurance clause referring to loss ordamage directly caused by strikers, locked-out workmen,persons participation in labor disturbances, and riots ofvarious kinds. The ordinary marine insurance policy doesnot cover this risk; coverage against it can be added onlyby endorsement. 罢工、暴动、民变险14. Claim : an assertion of a right (as to money or property) 索赔15. Disputes: dispute is a commencement of a conflict between statementsof accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal thatdisagrees with, argues against, or debates the acceptedknowledge or opinion. 争议16. Penalty: the act of punishing 罚金条款17. Arbitration: (law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by animpartial referee agreed to by both parties 仲裁18. Force Majeure:all events which are beyond the control of the Partiesto this Contract, and which are unforeseen, unavoidableor insurmountable, and which arise after the EffectiveDate and Which prevent total or partial performance by andParty. 不可抗力19. Arbitral tribunal: An arbitral tribunal (or arbitration tribunal) isa panel of one or more adjudicators which is convened andsits to resolve a dispute by way of arbitration. 仲裁庭20. Arbitration Clause:Is a standard clause to be included in thecontracts of exporters and importers, as suggested by theAmerican Arbitration Association. It states that anycontroversy or claim will be settled by arbitration inaccordance with the rules of the American ArbitrationAssociation. 仲裁条款21. Certificate of origin: A statement signed by the exporter, or his agent,and attested to by a local Chamber of Commerce, indicatingthat the goods being shipped, or a major percentage of them,originated and were produced in the exporter's country产地证明书22. Inspection certificate: A document certifying that merchandise (suchas perishable goods) was in goods condition immediatelyprior to shipment. 品质检验证书23. WTO ：(World Trade Organization) an international organizationdesigned to supervise and liberalize international trade.世界贸易组织24. IMF ：(International Monetary Fund) an international organizationthat oversees the global financial system by following themacroeconomic policies of its member countries, inparticular those with an impact on exchange rates and thebalance of payments. 国际货币基金组织25. EFTA ：(European Free Trade Association)a European trade blocwhich was established as an alternative for Europeanstates who did not join the then-European EconomicCommunity. 欧洲自由贸易联盟26. AFTA： (ASEAN Free Trade Area) a trade bloc agreement by theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations supporting localmanufacturing in all ASEAN countries.东盟自由贸易区27. JCCT ：(China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade)中美商贸联委会28. NAFTA： (North American Free Trade Area) a trilateral trade blocin North America created by the governments of the UnitedStates, Canada, and Mexico.北美自由贸易区29. UNCTAD ：(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)It isthe principal organ of the United Nations General Assemblydealing with trade, investment and development issues.联合国贸易与发展会议30. GATT ：（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) the outcome of thefailure of negotiating governments to create theInternational Trade Organization (ITO).关贸总协定四、贸易价格术语1.stocks [mass noun]the capital raised by a business or corporationthrough the issue and subscription of shares资本，股本2. cash sale A legal term denoting a mercantile transaction in whichtitle to merchandise passes when the buyer pays the seller.现货3. purchase the acquisition of something for payment;购买,进货4. bulk sale sometimes called a bulk transfer, is a sale of goods by abusiness that represents all or substantially all of itsinventory to a single buyer unless such a sale would be commonin the ordinary course of its business. 整批销售，趸售5. distribution channels Distribution (or place) is one of the fourelements of marketing mix. An organization or set oforganizations (go-betweens) involved in the process of makinga product or service available for use or consumption by aconsumer or business user.销售渠道6. wholesale historically called jobbing, is the sale of goods ormerchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial,institutional, or other professional business users, or toother wholesalers and related subordinated services.批发7. retail trade Retailing consists of the sale of goods or merchandisefrom a fixed location, such as a department store or kiosk,or by post, in small or individual lots for direct consumptionby the purchaser.零售业8. hire-purchase method of buying something by paying over an extendedperiod分期付款购买9. exclusive right In Anglo-Saxon law, an exclusive right is a de facto,non-tangible prerogative existing in law (that is, the poweror, in a wider sense, right) to perform an action or acquirea benefit and to permit or deny others the right to performthe same action or to acquire the same benefit.独家经营/专营权10. unfair competition Commercial conduct that the law views as unjust.不合理竞争11. dumping selling goods abroad at a price below that charged in thedomestic market商品倾销12. antidumping the act of a manufacturer in one country exporting aproduct to another country at a price which is either belowthe price it charges in its home market or is below its costsof production反倾销13. unfavorable balance of trade An expression denoting a situationwhere a geographical entity (be it a nation,region,state,orcity)imports more goods and services than it exports.It isused to descibe the situation for both individual goods orservices and for all goods and services combined.贸易逆差14. free trade Free trade exists when the inernational exchange of goodsis neither restricted nor encouraged by government-imposedtrade barriers.Subsequently,the determination of thedistribution and level of international trade is left to theoperation of market forces.自由贸易15. non-tariff barriers Economic, political, administrative or legalimpediments to trade other than duties, taxes and importquotas.非关税壁垒16. favorable balance of trade Any excess of credits over debits at theend of a given accounting period.贸易顺差17. partial shipment A process in which a store ships/provides only someof the goods/services in a single order. Therefore, thePostAuth amount would be less than the amount of the approvedPreAuth for the order.分批装运18. restraint of trade [mass noun](Law)action that interferes with freecompetition in a market (律)贸易限制，贸易管制19. Settlement As the sales transaction value moves from the merchantto the acquiring bank, to the issuer, each party buys and sellsthe sales ticket. Settlement is what occurs when the acquiringbank and the issuer exchange data or funds during transactions.清算,交割20. trade consultation An act of process where advice is given or viewsare exchanged.贸易磋商21. bonded warehouse a customs-controlled warehouse for the retentionof imported goods until the duty owed is paid.保税仓库22. chain debts Competitive products or knock-out products; blockbuster;core product ;Downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll toimprove efficiency 三角债 ...23. sanction A coercive measure adopted usually by several nationsacting together against a nation violating international law.国际制裁24. customs bond Customs Bonds (also known as Surety Bonds) are requiredby the U.S. Customs Service (Title 19 USC, section 1623) asa means to ensure that importers guarantee payment in the eventthat liquidated damages are assessed against shipmentsimported into the country. 海关担保25. consignment [mass noun]the action of consigning or deliveringsomething.寄售26. tax rebate A tax refund or tax rebate is a refund on taxes when thetax liability is less than the taxes paid. 出口退税27. freight forwarder A freight forwarder (often just forwarder) is athird party logistics provider. As a third party (or non assetbased) provider a forwarder dispatches shipments via assetbased carriers and books or otherwise arranges space for thoseshipments. 货运代理28. RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) Resource provided by WTO onregional economic integration like customs union and free tradearea. Includes the listing of such agreements .区域贸易安排29. INT (auction) a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess ofthe contract are scored toward game; now generally supersededby contract bridge.拍卖30. agency agreement In some states, the term describing a listing underwhich the brokerÕs commission is protected against a sale byother agents but not by a sale by the principal. Called aÒnon-exclusiveÓ listing in some states.代理协议五、贸易伙伴术语1.manufacturer people who make or produce something by machinery in afactory 制造商2.middlema a person who buys goods from producers and sells them toretailers or consumers 中间商，经纪人3.dealer a person or business that buys and sells goods;a person who buysand sells shares,securities,or other financial assetsas a principal(rather than as a broker or agent). 经销商;交易员，证券商4.wholesaler someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells tomerchants rather than to the ultimate customers 批发商5.retailer a merchant who sells goods at retail 零售商6.merchan a person or company involved in wholesale trade,especially onedealing with foreign countries or supplyingmerchandise to a particular trade 商人，批发商，零售商7.concessionaire the holder of a concession or grant,especially for theuse of land or commercial premises or for tradingrights 受让人8.consumer the person who purchases goods and services for personal use消费者，用户9.client a person or organization using the services or a lawyer or otherprofessional person or company 委托人，顾客，客户10.buyer a person who makes a purchase 买主11.carrier a person or thing that carries ,holds ,or conveys something承运人12.consignee the person to whom merchandise is delivered over 收货人13.freight forwarder the intermediary between the carrier and theshipper,who is entrusted by the shipper,and handlesloading and unloading and other transportationbusiness for the goods imported/exported in his ownname,and charge the freight and commision 货运代理人14.insurance broker one kind of insurance sales person representing thecustomer instead of the insurance company 保险经纪人15.export management company a private firm that serves as the exportdepartment for several producers of goods or services,eitherby taking title or by soliciting and transacting exportbusiness on behalf of its clients in return for acommission ,salary ,or retainer plus commission 出口经营商mission house an organization that trades commodities and/orfutures and options contracts for customer accounts inreturn for a fee 佣金行，委托交易行17.the drawer the person who writes a check or draft instructing thedraeww to pay someone else 发票人，出票人，开票人18.the drawee the individual or firm on whom a draft is drawn and whoowes the indicated amount 付款人19.the payee one who receives a payment,such as throughcash,check ,money order ,or promissory note 收款人，领款人20.import merchant a firm located in the foreign market that puchasesgoods from abroad for re-sale in his home market 进口批发商21.multinational corporation(MNC) a multinational corporation is abusiness enterprise that retains direct investmentsoverseas and that maintains value-addes holdings inmore than one country 跨国公司22.subsidiary a subsidiary is a company which is owned or controlled byanother firm or company 子公司23.joint venture a type of partial structural integration in which oneor more separate organizations combime resources toachieve a stated objective 合资企业24.wholly owned subsidiary a subsidiary substantially all of whoseoutstanding voting securities are owned by its parentand/or the parent’s other wholly owned subsidiaries全资子公司25.majority owned subsidiary a subsidiary more than 50 percent of whoseoutstanding voting shares is owned by its parent and/orthe parent’s other majority-owned subsidiaries 控股子公司26.offer an amount of money that someone is willing to pay for something出盘，出价27.counter offer offer and acceptance analysis is a traditional approachin contract law used to determine whether an agreementexists between two parties 还盘，还价28.indent make a requisition or written order for something 订单29.bid offer a certain price for something,especially at an auction 递盘30.reference price a price calculated continuously updated in real timeand representing a weighted average of prices 参考价六、数量条件与外汇术语1. number ①the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinitequantityof units or individuals②a concept of quantity involving zero and units 个数 weight (Actual Net Weight) Weight of goods alone without anyimmediate wrappings. 净重3. capacity The maximum load a generating unit, generating station, orother electrical apparatus is rated to carry.容积4. volume A unit of three dimensional measure of space that comprisesa length, a width and a height. 体积5.tare an adjustment made for the weight of the packaging in order todetermine the net weight of the goods. 皮重6.gross weigh Entire weight of goods, packing, and container,, ready forshipment.毛重7. quality①an essential and distinguishing attribute of something orsomeone.②a characteristic property that defines the apparentindividual nature of something.品质8.duplicate sample One of two samples collected at a sampling point atthe same time in a manner that minimizes differencesbetween the samples.复样9. Specify to stipulate as a condition or requirement in a contract oragreement说明10.counter sample Pre-production samples sent from a vendor for purposessuch as fitting, comments on execution orinterpretation of a design or model.对等样品11.criterion a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decisioncan be based.标准12.catalogue A complete list in printed or electronic format of the stockheld in a particular collection, library, or group oflibraries, recording, describing and indexing theresources available.商品目录13.pamphlet ①booklet: a small book usually having a paper cover②tract: a brief treatise on a subject of interest;published in the form of a booklet.宣传小册14.tolerance A specified allowance for deviation in weighing, measuring,etc. for deviations from the standard dimensions or weight.公差15.representative sample A representative sample is one from whichfindings may be projected to the populationfrom which it was drawn.代表性样品16.foreign exchange the system by which one currency is exchanged foranother; enables international transactions totake place.外汇17.foreign currency A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating thetransfer of goods and/or services. It is one formof money.外币18.rate of exchange the charge for exchanging currency of one countryfor currency of another.汇率19.floating rate An interest rate on a loan that fluctuates with theprevailing rates offered to lending institutions.浮动汇率20.fixed rate The interest rate charged and/or the monthly payments arefixed throughout the length of the agreement.固定汇率21.gold standard ①a monetary standard under which the basic unit ofcurrency is defined by a stated quantity of gold②a paragon of excellence; "academic education is thegold standard against which other educational activityis pejoratively judged" 金本位制度22.balance of payments A statement of the balance of a country's tradeand financial transactions with the rest of theworld over a specific period - usually a year.国际收支23.hard currency A currency whose value is expected to remain stable orincrease in terms of other currencies.硬通货24.soft currency Soft currency indicates a type of currency whose valuemay depreciate rapidly or that is difficult to convertinto other currencies.软通货25.indirect quotation The practice of quoting the exchange value of acurrency by saying how many units of anothercurrency can be bought with one arysystem in which currencies are defined in termsof a given weight of gold.间接标价26.devaluation ①an official lowering of a nation's currency; a decreasein the value of a country's currency relative to thatof foreign countries②the reduction of something's value or worth.法定贬值26.buying rate Rate at which the market and a market maker in particularis willing to buy the currency. Sometimes called bid rate.买入汇率27.selling rate Rate at which a bank is willing to sell foreign currency.卖出汇率28.inflation A persistent increase in the level of consumer prices ora persistent decline in the purchasing power of money,caused by an increase in available currency and creditbeyond the proportion of available goods and services.。

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[商务英语BEC][词汇]国际贸易词汇术语大搜罗
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贸易价格术语
trade term / price term 价格术语
world / international market price 国际市场价格
FOB (free on board) 离岸价
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价
freight 运费
wharfage 码头费
landing charges 卸货费
customs duty 关税
port dues 港口税
import surcharge 进口附加税
import variable duties 进口差价税
commission 佣金
return commission 回佣，回扣
price including commission 含佣价
net price 净价
wholesale price 批发价
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售价
spot price 现货价格
current price 现行价格 / 时价
indicative price 参考价格
customs valuation 海关估价
price list 价目表
total value 总值
贸易保险术语
All Risks 一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险
War Risk 战争险
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险
Risk of Leakage 渗漏险
Risk of Odor 串味险
Risk of Rust 锈蚀险
Shortage Risk 短缺险
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险
Strikes Risk 罢工险
贸易机构词汇
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定
贸易方式词汇
stocks 存货，库存量
cash sale 现货
purchase 购买，进货
bulk sale 整批销售，趸售
distribution channels 销售渠道
wholesale 批发
retail trade 零售业
hire-purchase 分期付款购买
fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市
unfair competition 不合理竞争
dumping 商品倾销
dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度
antidumping 反倾销
customs bond 海关担保
chain debts 三角债
freight forwarder 货运代理
trade consultation 贸易磋商
mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解
partial shipment 分批装运
restraint of trade 贸易管制
RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差
unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差
special preferences 优惠关税
bonded warehouse 保税仓库
transit trade 转口贸易
tariff barrier 关税壁垒
tax rebate 出口退税
TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒进出口贸易词汇
commerce, trade, trading 贸易
inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易
foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口
importer 进口商
export, exportation 出口
exporter 出口商
import licence 进口许口证
export licence 出口许口证
commercial transaction 买卖，交易
inquiry 询盘
delivery 交货
order 订货
make a complete entry 正式/完整申报
bad account 坏帐
Bill of Lading 提单
marine bills of lading 海运提单
shipping order 托运单
blank endorsed 空白背书
endorsed 背书
cargo receipt 承运货物收据
condemned goods 有问题的货物
catalogue 商品目录
customs liquidation 清关
customs clearance 结关
贸易伙伴术语
trade partner 贸易伙伴
manufacturer 制造商，制造厂
middleman 中间商，经纪人
dealer 经销商
wholesaler 批发商
retailer, tradesman 零售商
merchant 商人，批发商，零售商
concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户
client, customer 顾客，客户
buyer 买主，买方
carrier 承运人consignee 收货。

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