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VOA 听写原文(1)Harvad researcher David Rans said the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded the least. And the more a group punish themselves the lower it's earnings. The group with the most punishment earned 25 percent less than the group with the least punishment .The study appeared last month in the Journal Science. The other study involved children .It was presentd last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Reseachers used intelligent tests given to two groups, More than 800 children were ages 2-4 the first time they were tested. More than 700 children were ages 5 to 9.(2)Many people think the search for cleaner energy leads only to renewable resources like sun, wind and water. But it also leads to a fossil fuel(化石燃料). Natural gas is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels, the fuels created by plant and animal remains over millions of years. Burning it releases fewer pollutants(污染物质)than oil or coal. The gas is mainly methane(沼气,甲烷). It produces half the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)of other fossil fuels. So it may help cut the production of carbongases linked to climate change. Russia is first in what are called "proved reserves" of natural gas. The United States is sixth. Over the years, big oil and gas companies recovered much of the easily reached supplies of gas in America. They drilled straight down into formations where gas collects. As these supplies were used up, big drillers looked for similar formations in other countries.(3)Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One shows that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harward University in the United States and Stockholm school of economics in Sweden did the study. They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the prisoners dilemma. The game is based on the attention between the interests of individual and group. The students play in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players and cost to the punisher.(4)But now the industry is taking a new look. Companies are developing gas supplies trapped in shale rock two to three thousand meters underground. They drill down to the shale, then go sideways and inject high-pressure water, sand or other material into the rock. This causes therock to break, or fracture, releasing the gas. Huge fields of gas shale are believed to lie under theAppalachian Mountains, Michigan and the south-central states. Gas shale exploration is being done mainly by small to medium sized companies. Eric Potter is a program director in the Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas at Austin.I rememberdo u know that i'm okare there things you wanna saythinking of u night and dayhopping you'll come back and stayi remember when u told mei'll be all rightdon't worryi try and try to understandis all this just a sad goodbyethinking of u night and dayno matter if you'll come and stayi remember when u told mei'll be all rightjust hold mei don't wanna close my eyes tonightmissing u make me cryyour love will give me strengths to carry onyou'll always be my heart and mindso i don't wanna close my eyes tonighti know it's just a miss match in time...why..oh why... miss match in timei try and try to understandis all this just a sad goodbyethinking of u night and dayno matter if you'll come and stayi remember when u told mei'll be all rightjust hold meso i don't wanna close my eyes tonightmissing u make me cryyour love will give me strengths to carry onyou'll always be my heart and mindso i don't wanna close my eyes tonighti know it's just a miss match in time...why..oh why... don't wanna close my eyes tonight.。
篇简短的voa新闻文本
篇简短的v o a新闻文本 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】1VOA新闻听力100篇News Item 1This week, the chairman of America’s nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmful radiation from Japan could reach the United States. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman Gregory Jaczko also said America has a strong program in place to deal with earthquake threats. No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since nineteen seventy-nine. That was when America’s worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy.News Item 2Most restaurants in the United States offer their customers a glass of tap water at no charge with their meal, but this week many restaurants are asking diners to pay a dollar, or more,for a glass of water. Placards on their tables explain thatthis small amount helps bring clean water to children around the world. It’s called the UNICEF Tap Project.News Item 3Japan has confirmed radiation contamination of someagricultural products near a nuclear power plant crippled by last week’s earthquake and tsunami that is still spewing radiation. Yukio Edano, the chief Cabinet secretary, says high levels of radiation have been detected in milk in Fukushima prefecture and spinach from Ibaraki prefecture have been found to be contaminated. He tells reporters there is no immediate health risk and the government is considering regulating shipments of farm products from the affected area. At the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant efforts continue to try to cool overheating reactor cores and water in tanks containing spent fuel rods.News Item 4Some of America’s brightest students came to Washington for the 2011 Intel Science Talent Search, the nation’s oldest and most prestigious science competition. The awards ceremony was the culmination of an intense week during which the 40finalists were queried by judges and the public. They met with scientists, politicians and even President Barack Obama, who welcomed them to the White House. These high achievers were whittled down from nearly 2,000 contestants’ nationwide, representing excellence across many disciplines.News Item 5The billionaire s’ club is growing. Forbes magazine’s annual list shows there are now 1,210 billionaires around the world—that is 199 more than last year. Although the world’s top three earners are unchanged from last year, the newcomers in the list of the world’s richest did not come from the U.S. or Western Europe, but from Russia and the Asia Pacific region. Magazine chairman Steve Forbes says of the 200 new billionaires this year, the majority are from the BRIC countries—Brazil, Russia, India and China.News Item 6Defense attorneys for former Liberian president Charles Taylor say testimony from prosecution witnesses is tainted by cash payments from a special fund provided by the United States. Mr. Taylor’s war crimes trial is drawing to a close after more than three years. Defense attorney Terry Munyard says money “lavished” on prosecution witnesses has polluted “the pure waters of justice.” He told the court that those payments went far beyond the simple reimbursement of expenses and were usedin such a way “as to taint the testimony of some of the prosecution witnesses.”News Item 7Many world leaders are expressing shock and sympathy following the devastating earthquake and tsunami in Japan, and areoffering to assist the country as it struggles to recover from the disaster. . President Barack Obama pledged assistance for what he called a potentially catastrophic disaster in Japan. Mr. Obama called Japan one of America’s strongest allies and said the U.S. is offering whatever assistance is needed. . Defense Secretary Robert Gates said a preliminary assessment indicates that American troops, ships and military facilities were not seriously damaged by the quake or tsunami.News Item 8Women are joining together all over the world to mark the 100th anniversary of International Women’s Day on March 8. Women poured through London’s streets on Tuesday singing loudly for women’s rights. The banners they carried trained a spotlighton the range of issues still at hand: health, education, and politics to name a few.News Item 9Food prices continue to rise, threatening to push more and more people into poverty and hunger. A new report from the UN foodagency says one of the best ways to boost agricultural productivity worldwide would be to remove the barriers women farmers face that their male counterparts do not. Studies show when women have financial resources, they are more likely than men to spend them on food, health and educating their children. Women farmers tend to be less productive than men, but there are good reasons for that, says Agnes Quisumbing, an economist with the International Food Policy Research Institute.News Item 10Ronald Reagan’s Hometown Celebrates His 100th Birthday. Though he gained prominence as an actor in Hollywood and later as President of the United States, the people of Dixon, Illinois, remember Ronald Reagan as a hometown hero who saved the lives of 77 people while working as a lifeguard. The town is honoring Reagan’s 100th bir thday this year, with a year-long celebration. The 40th President’s hometown was never very far from his heart.News Item 11The National Football League wrapped up the 2010 season with the biggest football game of the year: Super Bowl XLV—played in a huge stadium in Arlington, Texas. But without the small,Midwestern town of Ada, Ohio—population 5,400—the game would not have been the same. Ada is where the Wilson Sporting Goods company makes footballs. Wilson has been the official football maker of the National Football League since 1941, and many of the 130 employees at its factory in Ada have spent most oftheir lives there—many working for 25 to 45 years.News Item 12Scientists say a common headache medicine dramatically reduces the risk of developing P arkinson’s disease, a physically-disabling brain disorder that mostly strikes elderly adults. In a six-year study of just over 136,000 nurses and health professionals, researchers at Harvard University School of Public Health in Massachusetts found that people who take ibuprofen(布洛芬镇痛药)regularly for headache or other pain reduced their risk of developing Parkinson’s disease by nearly 40 percent. Taking one or two pills of ibuprofen two or more times per week was considered regular use. Other non-prescription pain relievers, including aspirin and acetaminophen, did not show a similar protective benefit.News Item 13Insurgents opposed to Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi continue to hold two strategic towns along the road to eastern Libya, after unsuccessful attempts by pro-Gadhafi forces to retake them. Libyan warplanes launched new air strikes Thursday against the key eastern oil port of Brega, but the son of embattled leader Moammar Gadhafi says the bombs were only intended to“frighten” rebels warplanes s truck at the rebel-held oilport of Brega on Thursday, a day after anti-government fighters turned back an assault by forces loyal to the country’slongtime leader Moammar Gadhafi.News Item 14A new study of more than million people in six Asian countries finds that, like Westerners, Asians are more likely to die if they are overweight or obese. However, some of the highestdeath rates were seen in people who were severely underweight. Many previous studies have found that the risk of deathincreases as body-mass index increases. Body-mass index, or BMI, is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. Thetrouble is, those studies mostly analyzed Europeans and other Westerners. So scientists couldn’t be sure if the results applied to other groups.News Item 15Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in Africa. In addition to providing employment, agriculture has the potential to transform African societies through the increased export of produce to Western markets. Many agree that transformation will not take place without increased investment in agriculture, including public or private loans to small farmers. Statistics show that Africa has about 12% of the world’s arable land but 80% of it is not in use.News Item 16In July 2012, the world’s largest AIDS conference comes to Washington, D.C. It’s the first time the gathering will be held in the United States since 1990 and preparations are already underway. Despite the massive U.S. financial, medical and scientific contributions to the fight against HIV/AIDS, a major issue blocked the conference from being held here. That was a law that prohibited HIV infected people from traveling to the United States. It was passed in 1987 in the early days of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Efforts to lift the ban began during President George W. Bush’s second administration. It wasfinally repealed in January 2010 under President Obama.News Item 17As Discovery begins its 39th and final mission into Earth’s orbit Thursday, America’s 30-year space shuttle program comes one step closer to its scheduled end this April. Discovery has been a regular visitor to Earth’s orbit since its maidenflight in 1984. It is the oldest and longest-serving vehicle in the U.S. space agency’s shuttle fleet. Discovery’s finalflight follows several delays due to technical problems and repairs to its external fuel tank, but NASA’s mission launch director Mike Leinbach says the shuttle is still spaceready. News Item 18Not long ago, most professional musicians lived in a world far removed from the nitty-gritty of business management, distribution and promotion. But today, social media, laptop production techniques and fragmented musical tastes havelargely replaced the old relationship between musicians, their audiences and the marketplace, making entrepreneurial savvy more important than ever. A leading U.S. conservatory now teaches students how to create successful careers in this brave new world.News Item 19Egypt’s most famous tourism sites, including the great pyramids and the antiquities museum in Cairo, have reopened after being closed during the popular uprising and political tumult. Egypt’s key industry— tourism—returns after weeks of protests and celebrations, while other countries in the region deal with unrest. The sound of hooves as horses pull jostling carts of people within the Giza pyramids’ complex is the sound of money to the men who make their livings from tourism—a dominant industry in Egypt.News Item 20Demonstrations against long-serving governments continue toroil the Middle East and North Africa Friday from Libya eastward to Bahrain. In Libya, more protests as well as funerals for those killed in recent unrest were held after midday prayers, and witnesses said demonstrators gathered in the port city Benghazi, a bastion of resentment against the government. Human Rights Watch said Friday that 24 people have been killed in recent violence in Libya, many of them in Benghazi. Graphic videos posted on the Internet have shown shootings described as being inflicted by armed forces against protesters.News Item 21The National Park Service says the largest slave village in the Washington region is buried on the grounds. Archeologist Joy Beasley walks across the land now known as Best Farm. But approximately 200 years ago, it was a 300-hectare plantation called L’Hermitage, owned by the Vincendieres, French farmers from Haiti. Their stone home and outbuildings still stand. The National Park Service archeologist says her team discovered evidence of six other homes on the property where slaves were kept. The Vincendieres owned 90 slaves.News Item 22Cameroon’s new mineral research center will begin operations this year. South Korean mining researchers are making trips to Cameroon to determine the overall cost of the facility, to be located in the capital, Yaounde. They say the center will cost several millions of dollars and will ultimately be offered to the Cameroon government as a gift. The Korean investors say the facility will also have geological engineers to help in the design and construction of mines—and economic geologists to determine the commercial feasibility of projects. They willdecide whether there are enough minerals to justify the cost of a mining venture.News Item 23A major study by the World Health Organization shows that most people with high cholesterol levels around the world are not getting the treatment they need, to avoid such serious diseases as heart attacks and strokes. And the authors of the study—the largest ever undertaken—say the problem is especially serious in the developing world. The study was done on 147 million people, and found an increasing incidence of high levels of cholesterol the world over. Even more worrying, the researchers say, is that many of those patients are going untreated.News Item 24A huge crowd has gathered in central Cairo calling for President Hosni Mubarak to step down. The opposition has called for one million people to protest. Crowds headed on foot for Cairo’s Tahrir S quare throughout the day Tuesday. They included women with babies in strollers. Their confidence is boosted after the army, in an official statement, described the demonstrations as legitimate and promised it would not fire ondemonstrators. Army helicopters dropped leaflets calling on demonstrators to keep the protests peaceful.News Item 25The popular revolts roiling Egypt and other Arab countries are being driven by young people clamoring to oust autocratic governments they have known all their lives. The hardscrabble Tunis neighborhood of Ettadhamen provides a representative look at the hardships, and aspirations, of some of the young people behind Tunisia’s so-called Jasmine Revolution.6News Item 26A new study has tracked how low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in theiradult years. The study began with 1,000 children in New Zealand. Researchers followed them for decades. They observed the levelof self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measureslike “acting before thinking” and“persistence in reaching goals.” The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University found that kidswith self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.News Item 27President Barack Obama delivers his second State of the Union Address to the nation on Tuesday, before a joint session ofthe . Congress. President Barack Obama will face a dramatically altered balance of power in the House of Representatives when he addresses Congress and the nation Tuesday in his State of the Union address. Republicans are now in the majority in the House, and they have already approved a repeal of Mr. Obama’s landmark reform of the U.S. health care system. The move was symbolic, since the bill will die in the . Senate, where Democrats and Independents still hold a majority.News Item 28New research suggests a relatively simple blood test might make it possible to predict who is at a higher risk for developing dementia. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease, and currently, it can only be definitively diagnosedin an autopsy, by examining the brain. Beta-amyloid is aprotein that shows up the brains of Alzheimer’s victims. It’salso present in spinal fluid and, in very small quantities, in the blood.News Item 29Health Services in eastern and central Kenya are getting a big boost through a new $100 million dollar program. The U.S. development agency, USAID, has awarded the funds to an international non-profit organization affiliated with Johns Hopkins University. For the past four years, Jhpiego has led a nearly $34 million program in eastern Kenya called APHIA II. APHIA stands for AIDS, Population and Health Integrated Assistance. The goal is to “empower front-line health workers” with effective, low cost solutions to delivering quality health care.News Item 30Over the past 20 years, the United Nations says the Asia-Pacific population has been growing, but at a slower rate compared to the rest of the world. Asian fertility fell by 39 percent in a 20-year period from the late 1960s while remaining above the population-replacement level of children per woman. By 1990,nearly two-thirds of Asian countries had experienced declines of at least 25 percent.News Item 31President Barack Obama will go to Tucson, Arizona, Wednesday to speak at a memorial service for those killed in Saturday’s shootings. The president will try to help the nation deal with the rampage, which left six people dead and a U.S. congresswoman critically wounded. President Obama and his wife Michelle will cross the country to attend Wednesday night’s memorial service at the University of Arizona.The presidentwill speak there, in an effort to help Americans cope with the tragedy.News Item 32New medical research into a possible cure for Parkinson’s disease is focusing on finding biomarkers in patients so that doctors can start treatment early before tremors and other symptoms start. Actor Michael J. Fox’s recent commitment of$40 million toward finding a cure for Parkinson’s is helpingto fund the new research. The current clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s is based on visible tremors and stiffness o f limbs. But researchers say a more comprehensive diagnosis is needed. News Item 33. President Barack Obama used his weekly radio and Internet address Saturday to outline the benefits of a tax cut package he signed into law in December. He says the tax cut compromise reached with Republicans will help grow the U.S. economy. Mr. Obama encouraged business owners to take advantage of a new incentive included in the legislation that allows any business to write off the full cost of most of their capital investments for one year.News Item 34A U.S. congress woman is in critical condition and six people are dead after a gunman opened fire in an Arizona parking lot where Representative Gabrielle Giffords was meeting with constituents. The dead include a federal judge. More than a dozen people were wounded, including Giffords. A federal probe has been launched amid a national outpouring of sorrow and outrage.News Item 35Three-dimensional cell phones and batteries that last much longer are just two of the technologies that could become commonplace in the next few years. For the fifth year, IBM has looked at the horizons of research, picked five technologiesand announced them as tomorrow’s innovations. “Individual technologies take different times to matri culate,” says John Cohn, IBM’s Chief Scientist. “But the thing that’s common about them is that we think in 2015, all these predictions will actually be something that we take for granted.”News Item 36The killing of the governor of Pakistan’s most populous province has highlighted the ongoing clash in Pakistani society between secularism and religious radicalism. Some of that radicalism is fueled by resentment against privileged and often secular-minded elite who govern the country.8News Item 37I n India’s main tea-growing region, scientists say tea production is being impacted by climate change. India produces nearly one third of the world’s tea. The rolling Himalayan hills in India’s northeastern state, Assam, are carpeted with lush tea bushes wh ose leaves produce some of the world’sfinest teas. But there are concerns that rising temperatures may be affecting the tea plantations, resulting in decliningproductivity of the brew to which millions of people across the world wake up.News Item 38African leaders are in Abidjan for more talks with Ivory Coast’s rival presidents. The country’s political crisis has sent thousands of refugees into Liberia. Leaders met with defiant Ivory Coast President Laurent Gbagbo Monday, offering him an amnesty deal on condition he cedes power to rival Alassane Ouattara.News Item 39More signs that the U.S. economy is moving in the right direction: The . Labor Department says new claims for unemployment benefits declined last week, dropping below400,000 for the first time since July 2008. Other data also shows that businesses expanded in the month of December while home sales grew modestly in November. Despite the encouraging numbers, investors remain cautious as 2010 comes to a close. New estimates show the snowstorm that lashed parts of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic last week cost retailers about a billion dollars in lost sales.News Item 40The Holy Land enjoyed a flood of visitors last year, which benefited Israelis and Palestinians alike. It was a record year for tourism in Israel thanks to a lull in violence. There were million visitors in 2010, percent more than the previous record two years ago. Mark Feldman, who heads the Israelitravel agency Zion Tours, says tourism is booming. Most of the visitors were Jews and Evangelical Christians. Some 625,000 Americans came, more than any other country.News Item 41Voters in Ivory Coast have official results from only a small number of polling stations outside the country. About 10,000 ballots in an election of more than four million registered voters shows former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara leading President Laurent Gbagbo by about 60 percent to 40 percent. As the wait for domestic results continues, President Gbagbo’s party is already calling on the electoral commission to annul returns from three northern districts. Both the Gbagbo and Ouattara campaigns say some of their supporters were prevented from entering polling stations Sunday.News Item 42Diplomatic cables released by the website Wikileaks indicate the U.S. is concerned about the security of Pakistani nuclear material. They also indicate questions about Pakistan’s commitment to fighting9insurgents along the country’s border with Afghanistan. The New York Times and the Guardian newspapers reported details of the cables today. A French news agency quoted a Pakistani Foreign Office spokesman as saying the fears are misplaced. Meanwhile, Interpol has placed Wikileaks’ founder Julian Assange on its most wanted list after Sweden issued an arrest warrant for him as part of a rape investigation.News Item 43. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton says the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe needs to boost its role in Afghanistan and foster greater economic development throughout the region. Clinton spoke today at the OSCE Summit in Kazakhstan. “Our goal here in Astana should be to move forward on democracy, human rights, economic growth and strengthening our security community. In other words, let’s embrace the vision of Helsinki and apply it faithfully in this newcentury.” The OSCE is celebrating the 35th anniversary of the Helsinki Accords, which gave birth to the OSCE structure. Clinton said insecurity anywhere in Central Asia is a challenge for all members and that protracted conflicts remain dangerously unresolved.News Item 44Russia’s prime minister says his country will have to build up its own nuclear weapons capability if the United States fails to ratify the new strategic arms reduction treaty signedearlier this year. Vladimir Putin told CNN’s Larry King program in an interview to be aired later today that the new treaty is in the United States’ best interest and it would be, in his words, dumb for U.S. legislators to ignore that. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the new START in April. The agreement would cut nuclear stockpiles in the U.S. and Russia by about 30 percent.News Item 45Thai police say they arrested two Pakistani men and one Thai woman this week on forgery charges, as they attempted to flee to neighboring Laos. The three were arrested in cooperation with Spanish authorities, who on Thursday arrested sixPakistanis and one Nigerian in raids in Barcelona. Spanish authorities believe the group supplied fake passports used by Muslim militants who bombed Madrid commuter trains in 2004. They also suspect the group supplied fake passports to al-Qaeda-linked Lashkar-e-Taiba, the Pakistan-based group accused of the 2008 Mumbai attacks that killed 166 people.News Item 46The U.S. unemployment rate rose in November while the economy added far fewer jobs than expected. Today’s closely-watched report from the Labor Department says the unemployment rate rose % to %. The economy had a net gain of 39,000 jobs far fewer than the 150,000 most experts had predicted.News Item 47Iranian media reports say officials are calling for the removal of a Star of David painted on the roof of the headquarters of the country’s national airline after the Jewish symbol was revealed in a satellite image. Reports say Internet media company Google took the image of the building which was reportedly built by Israeli engineers who worked in Iran before the 1979 Islamic Revolution.News Item 48President Obama is calling a new free-trade deal between the U.S. and South Korea a landmark agreement. Mr. Obama accepted the deal Friday after a three-year stalemate and said it will deepen the two nations’ alliance, and he urged the . Congress to ratify it. President said the agreement will increase U.S. exports by up to $11 billion a year and support at least 70,000 jobs. As part of the deal, South Korea has agreed to let the U.S. keep a % tariff on Korean-built cars for five more years rather than end it immediately.News Item 49The World Food Program is teaming up with the World Meteorological Organization and other agencies to help subsistence farmers increase their crop yields. The WFP says 2010 has been a year with many climate related emergencies which have created a havoc with the agricultural produce of many developing countries.News Item 50Some of the most dramatic, climate-related emergencies include flooding in Pakistan, Haiti, Burma and Burkina Faso. World Food Program spokeswoman Emilia Casella says the number of people affected is expected to reach about 375 million a year by 2015.“We are estimating that by 2020, some countries having their agricultural yields halved by weather&climate emergencies-drought or flood.” Casella says a detailed food insecurity analysis could pinpoint areas that are most at risk. She says WFP is working with the Food and Agriculture Organization to help small subsistence farmers increase their food yields.News Item 51International firefighting teams are battling day three of what officials are calling the worst fire in Israel’s history. Police said Saturday the huge wildfires continued to burn out of control near the northern port of Haifa. The firefighting aircraft are coming in from Russia and have been dropping water on the blaze with additional help from the U.S., France and Britain. Middle East neighbors Jordan and Egypt sent equipment. So far, 41 people, at least, have been killed and thousands have been forced to evacuate from the area.News Item 52A Russian rocket carrying three navigation satellites has crashed into the Pacific Ocean after failing to reach orbit. Russian news agencies said the rocket and the satellites wentdown about 1,500 kilometers northwest of Honolulu, Hawaii after veering off course.News Item 53British lawmakers plan to vote on a bill today that would increase university tuition charges. If approved, the college tuition in Britain would jump from just under 5,000 dollars to about 14,000 dollars per year. That proposal has sparked student protests. British authorities say the increase in tuition is necessary to bring a large deficit under control. News Item 54Delegates at the end of a two-week UN climate conference heldin Cancun, Mexico have approved a modest plan to combat global warming. More than 190 nations approved the agreement Saturday, which includes a multi-billion-dollar fund to administer assistance to poor nations. Bolivia was the only country to object the deal, saying the agreement does not go far enough to curb climate change.News Item 55Police in Sweden say a car explosion in what appeared to be a suicide attack killed one person and wounded two others in central Stockholm on Saturday. Police say the first blast。
VOA英语原文及注释1
1.People believed for a long time that the heart was the center of a person's emotions. That is why the word heart is used in so many expressions about emotional situations.One such expression is to lose your heart to someone. When that happens, you have fallen in love. But if the person who won your heart does not love you, then you are sure to have a broken heart. In your pain and sadness, you may decide that the person you loved is hard-hearted, and in fact, has a heart of stone(.铁石心肠)You may decide to pour out your heart(倾诉衷肠) to a friend. Telling someone about your personal problems can often make you feel better.If your friend does not seem to understand how painful your broken heart is, you may ask her to have a heart(发慈悲). You are asking your friend to show some sympathy for your situation. Your friend "has her heart in the right place"(真心实意,富于同情心) if she says she is sorry, and shows great concern for how you feel.Your friend may, however, warn you not to wear your heart on your sleeve.(不要太情绪化)In other words, do not let everyone see how lovesick(害相思病的) you are. When your heart is on your sleeve you are showing your deepest emotions.If your friend says, my heart bleeds for you(我对你深表同情), she means the opposite. She is a cold-hearted person who does not really care about your situation.In the ever-popular motion picture, "The Wizard of Oz," the Tin Man seeks a heart. He wanted to feel the emotion of love, and was seeking help from the powerful Wizard of Oz to find a heart.The cowardly lion, in the same movie, did have a heart. But he lacked courage and wanted to ask the Wizard of Oz to give him some. You could say that the cowardly lion was chicken-hearted. (胆小鬼) That is another way of describing someone who is not very brave. A chicken is not noted for its bravery. Thus, someone who is chicken-hearted does not have much courage.When you are frightened or concerned, your heart is in your mouth(十分紧张,焦急万分). You might say, for example, that your heart was in your mouth when you asked a bank to lend you some money to pay for a new house.If that bank says no to you, do not lose heart(丧失勇气). Be strong-hearted(勇敢的). Sit down with the banker and have a heart to heart talk. Be open and honest about your situation. The bank may have a change of heart (改变看法). It may agree to lend you the money. Then you could stop worrying and put your heart at rest.。
voa听力文稿
10.13新闻一占领华尔街The Occupy Wall Street protest in lower Manhattan has not actually occupied the street that is synonymous with American finance, but rather a park several blocks away. The area's small business owners and residents feel under siege.***Virtually constant drumming from mid-morning until late at night, for nearly a month now. Neighbors are not pleased. Steven Abramson is among them. “There are families in this building with young children,' he said. "There are some older people who live h ere as well that would like some peace and quiet.”“We are here to support a movement!? Drumming helps that movement." said a drummer.This drummer is reacting to yet another request by residents to stop. He refuses, saying drums are the heartbeat of a movement aimed at helping all Americans, including nearby apartment residents.Many protesters say they understand the plight of the locals, just as many residents and shopkeepers say they support the movement. Nonetheless, neighbors complain their grievances are ignored. Stacey Tzortzatos and her husband own the Panini and Company Café across the street from the protest park."Somebody told me yesterday, well, I’m just collateral damage, because of my location," said Stacey Tzortzatos. "I shouldn’t be collateral damage.”Despite all of the people in the park, nearby restaurant owners complain business is down. Tzortzatos says one reason is the police barricades that block access through the park for customers. Even food vendors in the park say tourists are doing most of the buying because protesters enjoy donated food. Sean Harper, a protest volunteer, dismisses the concerns of business owners. “They have the right to not like it, but we have a right to deliver free food to the people," said protest volun teer, Sean Harper. "That’s what we’re doing. If that's an effect, it's an effect.”The lobby of Steven Abramson’s apartment building is pungent with the smell of disinfectant to disguise the stench of urine outside. He says some protesters relieve themselves in the area at night. The problem - no portable toilets at the park.“There’s a lot of people across the street - hundreds of people, but out of the hundreds of people, maybe 10 will come and eat here," said Tzortzatos. "Other times, they just want to use the facilities and wash themselves and brush their teeth and take showers in the restroom.”Many nearby restaurants have closed their restrooms. Owners say their facilities are not equipped to handle so many people.Unsanitary conditions prompted New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg to order the park closed in stages on Friday for a cleanup. Bloomberg says the city is trying to protect the rights of protesters, as well as the rights of people who live and work in the area.新闻二:奥巴马President Barack Obama says Iran's government must be held accountable for what he calls "dangerous and reckless behavior" in what the U.S. has alleged was a plot to assassinate Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United States. President Obama spoke during a joint news conference with South Korean President Lee Myung-bak.***Though their talks were wide-ranging, including the U.S.- South Korea free-trade agreement and tensions with North Korea, Mr. Obama was pressed about the U.S. response to the alleged plot.Saying the facts are there for all to see, he said the United States knows ManssorArbabsiar, a naturalized U.S. citizen with an Iranian passport charged in the case, had direct links and was paid and directed by individuals in Iran's government.Mr. Obama called it a "dangerous escalation" and part of a pattern of dangerous and reckless behavior, adding Iran must pay a price in terms of further isolation."For Iran to have been involved in a plot like this indicates the degree to which it has been outside of the accepted norms of international behavior far too long," he said. "This is just one example of series of steps they have taken to create violence and to behave in a way that we don't see other countries doing."Mr. Obama had this response when asked specifically if the United States knew whether Iran's top leaders had knowledge of the plot."Even if, at the highest levels, there was not detailed operational knowledge,there has to be accountability with respect to anybody in the Iranian government engaging in this kind of activity," he said.At the State Department, spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said U.S. and Iranian diplomats had a meeting this past Wednesday, which an official said occurred at the United Nations, in which the alleged plot was discussed. She provided no details.A U.S. official said the United States is sending out special teams to brief foreign governments on the case, saying among those requesting briefings were China, Russia and Turkey.On other subjects, President Obama and President Lee reaffirmed the strength of the U.S.-South Korea alliance, saying they remain completely united on their approach toward North Korea."Our principled approach will remain steadfast," President Lee said. "We agreed that North Korea's continued pursuit of nuclear weapons poses a serious threat to peace and stability of the Korean peninsula and the world. We will continue to work toward denuclearization of the peninsula.""The choice is clear for North Korea," said President Obama. "If Pyongyang continues to ignore its international obligations, it will invite even more pressure and isolation. If the North abandons its quest for nuclear weapons and moves toward denuclearization, it will enjoy greater security and opportunity for its people."Ratification by the U.S. Congress of the U.S.-South Korea free-trade agreement was a key focus of the Obama-Lee talks. Both said the deal, which still must be approved by South Korea's national assembly, will help create jobs and expand exports.President Lee conveyed his gratitude directly to U.S. lawmakers as he also addressed a joint meeting of Congress, before a state dinner at the White House.Other topics in Thursday's discussions included Afghanistan, support for democratic transitions in the Middle East and North Africa, the global economy and the G20 and APEC summits in November, and South Korea's planning for the next Nuclear Security Summit in March.10.14新闻一:苹果Shoppers camped out at stores in seven nations on Friday so they could be first to buy the newest version of Apple's iPhone.Listen to VOA's JulieAnnMcKellogg's report from LondonThe "iPhone 4s" was developed under the guidance of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, who died last week after a long battle with cancer.The new phone offers improved programming, a better camera, and allows users to operate certain functions by talking to the phone.Analysts tell Bloomberg financial news that the latest iPhone is on track to break Apple sales records. The company reported more than one million early orders.Apple's success comes as rival BlackBerry is apologizing for a technical glitch that interrupted service to its widely-used smart phone.The iPhone 4S went on sale Friday in the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the UK.Apple says it will begin selling the new phone by the end of October in 22 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.新闻二非洲A new report says African countries could become a dominate force in global trade over the next 50 years. The African Development Bank says their economic future depends on taking advantage of innovation, new technologies and natural and human resources.Chief bank economist MthuliNcube says the report , Africa in 50 Years Time, is very encouraging.“Absolutely. We see a moment for Africa to think visionary about where it should be in 50 years time. And this report is an attempt to begin getting that conversation going, to begin to get Africans to be forward looking. And also to raise the question on what needs to be done? Who has what responsibility? And also (to) look at all the opportuni ties frankly that are available in Africa,” he said Shock AbsorberNcube believes Africa can become a dominating force in the global economy based on its recent record.“The Africa region has done rather well compared to 20 years ago. Africa has weathered the global crisis rather well, especially the non-commodity producing countries. Surely this is a lot more than a commodity story. It’s about a dynamic Africa. You see a lot of countries that are well managed economically, good managers. You begin to se e efforts to diversify these economies. You’re beginning to see growth of an internal market led by a burgeoning middle class,” he said.A growing demand by the middle class and increasing trade between African countries act like a shock absorber for the global economic slowdown.“Of course, when I say this, Africa will not be unscarred. It will be. Already you could see trade finance flows kind of drying up because this is coming from the global banks, which are under pressure from the global financial crisis, the banking crisis. But overall, African countries will do ok in our view,” said Ncube.Economic growthDespite the economic slowdown hitting much of the world, the African Development Bank predicts strong growth for sub-Saharan Africa.“We expec t sub-Saharan Africa this year to grow at about five and a half percent and even higher next year. North Africa to be slower because of the Arab Spring, but going forward it will also recover. So we’re very bullish about Africa’s performing during the cris is,” he said.The continent is rich in oil and gas and its minerals are already feeding the growing demand for new technology. Ncube also believes that climate change actually offers Africa new opportunities.“There’s a lot of sunshine, to put things mor e in a simplistic way. Solar farms, clean energy, hydro power. So much potential in a lot of African countries on hydro power,” said Ncube.He said one of the greatest African resources is the people, whom he describes as entrepreneurial by nature. He added, however, that the skills of African workers should be improved. Ncube says if Africa is to fulfill its potential it must overcome a number of challenges.“Easily as much as $45 billion a year in infrastructure demand and investment goes unfunded annua lly. So there’s a need to close the infrastructure gap. Now number two, there’s still a need to deal with the agricultural sector in Africa – a better way to intervene in this sector in an unemotional but constructive way that crowds in the private sector. And number three is to support the privatesector in Africa, so by improving investment climate. A lot has been done, but more still needs to be done,” he said.The continent has also been hit hard by malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB and other diseases that have taken a toll on the workforce. But the economist says Africa is on the way to overcoming those problems. Ncube called on investors, the private sector, policymakers and others to read the African Development Bank report and discover the opportunities that are available on the continent.新闻三太阳能t is the cleanest, most abundant energy source. But solar power faces the challenge of affordability and efficiency, especially if such systems are to be widely installed in the developing world.Progress is being made. Scores of Chinese companies are touting their latest solar electronic components and products at an international trade fair in Hong Kong.***Most of the products on display here at the Hong Kong Electronics Fair are practically unusable for the 1.6 billion people, a quarter of the world's population, living without electricity.In sunny Africa and South Asia, which have the lowest electrification rates, cheaper and more efficient solar cells are in demand.And innovation is occurring, says Zhong Xiao Jun, whose company in Guangzhou, China makes solar panels, chargers and lighting systems."To improve competitiveness of our products, we are working on increasing battery performance," he says. "We are using some printed circuit board to cut energy losses. Secondly, we are increasing the electrical conversion efficiency of solar panels. This is possible because we are utilizing special new materials and techniques for our panel production line."One of the challenges of solar power, of course, is what do you do when the sun is not shining?There are innovative solutions, such as this one: a hybrid system that relies not only on solar, but also wind power, for street lamps. It is already operational in Shenzhen, China and Germany.In North America and Europe, more expensive crystalline silicon technology is preferred for high power, limited space installations.In the developing world, TopraySolar's Frank Lin says cheaper thin film technology is favored."That means they can pay for the same power with less money. Of course, the disadvantage will be a bigger size. But bigger size is not an issue for the African, for the developing countries because they have that kind of space. And usually what they use are smaller applications," says Lin.More affordable products for daily use in places off the grid are coming to market. Solar flashlights on display here are being sold on a wholesale basis for as little as 35 cents each.A detachable LED shines up to 20 hours when fully charged and retails for under $100.Solar power, globally, is reaching new heights every year. Industry officials say installations reached a record high of more than 18 gigawatts last year.But the top market remains Europe. It is estimated only one percent of the world's solar panels are in the developing world.新闻四维生素eA number of medical studies over the years suggested that vitamin E, taken as a dietary supplement, might help prevent prostate cancer. But new research finds not only that the earlier studies were wrong, but that taking vitamin E can actually be harmful.***For years, many doctors thought taking vitamin E could help prevent many types of cancer, including prostate cancer. So, they told their male patients to take a daily supplement. Some doctors also recommended selenium, an essential trace mineral, to prevent cancer.Then Dr. Eric Klein at the Cleveland Clinic began a study to see if vitamin E and selenium could reduce the risk of prostate cancer by up to 25 percent. In the study of 35,000 men, researchers did not know who took vitamin E, who took selenium and who took placebos.Pat Garrity was one of the participants."I thought it was an opportunity because of the large study base to get some factual data to prove or disprove the idea that selenium or Vitamin E might be beneficial," said Garrity.The study began in 2001. It ended early, in 2008, because the researchers saw no benefit from taking either supplement. But the data showed something else."We did notice, at the time the original study was closed, that men who were taking vitamin E alone were trending toward having a higher risk of prostate cancer," noted Klein.So the researchers continued to monitor the men after they stopped taking the supplements. Many of the men continued to be monitored until last year. That is when researchers realized the true impact of vitamin E."The results showed that men who took vitamin E were at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer by about 17 percent," added Klein.The results on selenium are still being studied.Dr. Klein says the effects of dietary supplements can linger after a person stops taking them. That is why researchers are asking participants to see their doctors regularly and to take part in a long-term study on vitamin E supplements. Dr. Klein's study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 新闻五:维生素DVitamin D plays a critical role in fighting infection and now scientists say that it may be a powerful weapon against tuberculosis.In a study reported in the journal Science Translational Medicine, researchers studied how T-cells - a kind of white blood cell that fights infection - are especially effective against the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.***It’s known that people with low vitamin D levels are more suscep tible to infection. It’s also known that people with reduced immunity - like those with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS - are more susceptible to tuberculosis. Robert Modlin, chief of dermatology at the University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine and study co-author says the researchers examined that connection.“And through that, we discovered that one particular type of T-cell, the one thatsecreted a protein called interferon-gamma, was able to activate white blood cells that were infected with the tuberculosis bacteria to then kill the bacteria.”But Modlin says it required vitamin D. “People that had low levels of vitamin D in their blood were unable to mount this mechanism and kill the bacteria.”In lab experiments, scientists supplemented blood samples that were deficient in vitamin D. That activated the T-cells to destroy the TB bacteria.Modlin says the findings could lead to new therapies using supplements to prevent TB or help in its treatment. “I think it could change how we think about vitamin D supplementation.”The paper also notes that while the skin absorbs vitamin D naturally from the sun, it takes more exposure for African Americans to reach the same level of vitamin D as white individuals.But too much sun can lead to skin cancer. So Modlin recommends supplements over sun exposure, while cautioning that high doses can be toxic.“I recommend that people consult with their internal medicine doctor and perhaps have their vitamin D levels measured if they think that’s appropr iate and institute the right supplementation for them.”Modlin says the next step is to initiate clinical trials to learn whether vitamin D supplements can augment resistance to tuberculosis or other infections.新闻六:心脏病风险A new study finds that a diet high in fruits and vegetables can reduce the danger of heart disease among people at highest risk.Scientists found healthier eating can turn off the risk gene and mitigate the risk of heart attack.***Researchers studied a large group of more than 27,000 people whose genetic makeup, or genotype, includes a unique gene associated with an increased risk of heart attack. The scientists wanted to know whether diet could modify this gene variant, known as 9p21.Co-author and McMaster University epidemiologist Sonia Anand says they found it could. “Among people with the high risk genotype, their risk of heart attack was about 30 percent increased. However, when they consumed a diet high inraw vegetables and fruits, this risk returned to 1.0 or that of someone who doesn’t have the high risk genotype.”The research - one of the largest gene-diet interaction studies ever conducted on heart disease - included people from five ethnicities - European, South Asian, Chinese, Latin American and Arab - who were already taking part in heart studies.The results, published in the journal PloS Medicine, show that a minimum of two servings a day of raw fruits, vegetables and berries seemed to protect people against the adverse effects of the bad gene.Although, Anand says, more is better. “My advice is to consume as many servings of fruits and or vegetables per day as a way to prevent heart disease, especially if you may have a family history of early disease or a genetic risk factor for heart disease.”Health officials have long recommended this heart-healthy diet to protect against heart disease and other chronic diseases like stroke and cancer, but Anand says that only a minority of those people act on it. “Perhaps genetic information will motivate a larger section of society to actually make positive behavior changes.”The next step in Anand's research is to study the mechanisms that trigger or silence the gene-diet interaction. A better understanding of how it works could point the way to new treatments for people with genetic heart attack risk.。
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Top News Stories of Two-Thousand-Four 01-01I'm Steve Ember with In the News in VOA Special English.This week we tell about some of the biggest news stories of two thousand four. We start in Asia, with what is being described as one of the worst natural disasters ever.Last Sunday, huge waves moved across the Indian Ocean and flooded coastal areas across southern and southeast Asia to East Africa. The waves were caused by one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded, measuring nine on the Richter Scale.The countries hardest hit were Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. More than one hundred thousand people are reported dead. Millions of people have been left homeless.Two thousand four was also filled with news about the war in Iraq and daily reports of violence in the country. Militants increased their attacks against American soldiers, Iraqi police officers and civilians working with the United States. American-led forces battled militants in the cities of Fallujah and Najaf. In May, news organizations around the world reported about the mistreatment of Iraqis by American soldiers at Abu Ghraib prison.More than one thousand American soldiers have been killed in Iraq since the war began almost two years ago. And the number of Iraqis killed is reportedly many times higher.Terrorism was a top story in other parts of the world. In March, suspected Islamic militants exploded bombs on crowded passenger trains in Madrid, Spain. About two hundred people were killed. Days later, Spanish voters defeated the country's conservative government, which had supported the American-led war in Iraq.In September, armed Chechen militants seized more than one thousand children, parents and teachers in a school in Beslan, Russia. The seizure ended in gunfire and explosions after days of negotiations. More than three hundred people were killed, most of them children.The African nation of Sudan was in the news because of a major humanitarian crisis in the Darfur area. Reports said government-supported Arab militants killed more than seventy thousand people in a two-yearcampaign of violence against black tribal farmers. More than one million people have been displaced from their homes.Two thousand four was also a year of historic political elections. In Afghanistan, voters elected Hamid Karzai in the country's first presidential election. Voters in the United States re-elected George W. Bush after a hard fought presidential campaign against the Democratic Party candidate, John Kerry.And a political crisis eased in Ukraine after the Supreme Court cancelled the election victory of Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych. The court decided there had been widespread cheating and ordered a new presidential election. Opposition candidate Viktor Yushchenko won that election on Sunday and has promised democratic changes in Ukraine.In the News, in VOA Special English, was written by Cynthia Kirk. This is Steve Ember.Aid for Tsunami Victims 01--02I'm Steve Ember with In the News in VOA Special English.Kofi Annan says helping survivors of the earthquake and killer waves in the Indian Ocean last week is a race against time. The United Nations secretary-general says countries that have offered aid must hurry and provide it. The offers add up to around four thousand million dollars. United Nations officials say one-fourth of that is needed during the next six months. The concern about offers of international aid is based on history. For example, the earthquake in Bam, Iran, in December of two thousand three killed more than twenty-six thousand people. Countries and groups offered hundreds of millions of dollars worth of assistance. The United Nations says it has confirmed only about seventeen million dollars in aid received so far. Governments and organizations that offered help dispute that, however.On Thursday Mister Annan met with world leaders in Jakarta, Indonesia to discuss aid for victims of the tsunami. The leaders discussed and welcomed the idea of suspending some debt owed by affected nations. But the leaders did not say they would do so. Some said that making direct payments to survivors would be more helpful.The top U.N. aid official, Jan Egeland, has said the number of dead will be "much bigger" than one hundred fifty thousand. The World Health Organization says about a half-million people are injured. Millions more are homeless. TheW.H.O. has called for clean water along with food and medicines needed to help prevent the spread of disease.Australia has offered eight hundred ten million dollars in aid. The European Union says it will provide four hundred sixty-six million dollars in aid. Germany, Japan and the United States follow in their amounts offered. American military forces are also providing services.Representatives of twenty-six countries and international organizations attended the meeting in Jakarta. Officials say they will cooperate to develop a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.A small group of countries including the United States began to direct aid efforts after the events of December twenty-sixth. Now American officials say the group is being suspended so the United Nations can start to take control. The earthquake measured nine on the Richter scale. The quake and resulting waves proved most deadly on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. More than one hundred thousand people are reported dead there.On Friday, American Secretary of State Colin Powell expressed shock at the destruction caused by the earthquake and waves. The same day, Kofi Annan flew by helicopter over western Sumatra and visited Meulaboh. About four thousand bodies were discovered in that town Friday. Mister Annan said he had never seen such destruction as he saw on Sumatra. In his words, "Where are the people?"In the News, in VOA Special English, was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.Middle East Peace Prospects 01--03I'm Steve Ember with In the News in VOA Special English.A Palestinian attack on Israelis at a border crossing has added to the pressures Mahmoud Abbas will face in his new job. The attack came two days before the swearing-in ceremony for the next president of the Palestinian Authority.A truck bomb exploded Thursday at the Karni crossing between Israel and Gaza. Then gunmen killed six Israeli civilians and seriously wounded five others. Three groups took responsibility: Hamas, the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and the Popular Resistance Committees.Later, Israeli helicopters raided a target in Gaza linked to militants. Goods enter Gaza through the Karni crossing. After the militant attack, Israel closed all border crossings with Gaza.On Friday, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon ordered that all communication with the Palestinian Authority be cut. He said communications would stop until the new Palestinian President controls militants and halts attacks. The announcement came hours before Mahmoud Abbas was to be sworn-in.Yasser Arafat was Palestinian Authority president until his death in November. Israel and the United States had refused to negotiate with him as attacks against Israel continued.The peace plan known as the road map calls for Israel and the Palestinians to take steps toward an independent Palestine. The plan is meant to end more than four years of most recent violence.World leaders say the election Sunday of Mister Abbas offers new possibilities for peace. He received sixty-two percent of the vote. He defeated independent candidate Mustafa Barghouti and five others.The Israeli Prime Minister congratulated Mister Abbas. Both sides expressed support for a meeting, but did not set a date. President Bush said he would welcome the new Palestinian leader to Washington if he wants to come. Israeli lawmakers this week narrowly approved a new government. Most cabinet members support the plan by Israel to withdraw from Gaza and part of the West Bank this year.Mister Abbas has said attacks against Israel make life harder for Palestinians. He also says he would not use force against militants, but would try to negotiate a truce.A Hamas official told the Associated Press that Egypt has renewed a proposal for a one-year suspension of attacks. Hamas boycotted the presidential election, but may join legislative elections in July.After the Karni attack, Reuters news agency reported that several thousand marchers celebrated in the Jabalya refugee camp in Gaza.But the head of a Palestinian research group says the majority of people, especially in Gaza, support Mister Abbas. Mahdi Abdel Hadi says the people are tired of violence. In his words, "They are looking for this small window of fresh air and warm sun to come through the Palestinian election."In the News in VOA Special English was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.Iraqi Elections 01--04This is Steve Ember with In the News in VOA Special English.On Sunday, for the first time in almost fifty years, Iraq will hold parliamentary elections with more than one party competing. Some Iraqis have already been voting in other countries.Around fourteen million names are on voter lists in Iraq. Voters face threats of violence from groups like the one that calls itself al-Qaida in Iraq. On Friday, Iraqi officials announced the arrests of three top aides to its Jordanian-born leader, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.Iraqi soldiers and police will guard voting centers. United States officials say American troops will be prepared to assist.The election is to choose two hundred seventy-five members for what is called a Transitional National Assembly.One of the duties of this temporary assembly will be to name a three-member presidency council. Another duty is to write a constitution. If Iraqis approve the constitution in October, then they will elect a new government at the end of the year.On Sunday, Iraqis will vote from a single national ballot. They will choose lists of candidates representing parties or coalitions. Seats will be divided in the National Assembly based on the share of votes that a list receives. A goal is to have women in at least one-fourth of the seats.Many political groups are competing. Commentators say the United Iraqi Alliance appears to have the strongest support. A Shiite Muslim leader, Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, heads the candidate list.The alliance wants Iraq to be an Islamic state with a federal government. The alliance has the support of the highest religious leader in Iraq, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani. Its candidate list is mainly Shiite. Iraq is about sixty percent Shiite. But the list also contains other religious and ethnic groups including Iraqi Kurds and ethnic Turkmens.Another group of candidates that may do well in the voting is called the Iraqi List. Its candidates are Shiite and Sunni. Iyad Allawi, now the temporary prime minister of Iraq, heads this list.About twenty percent of Iraqis are Sunni. Some Sunnis have called for a boycott of the voting. Their Iraqi Islamic Party withdrew its candidate list from the election. Members said the security situation was too threatening.President Bush has urged Iraqis to vote. So has the president of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai. On Friday he urged Iraqis to follow the example of the Afghan people. Mister Karzai called the election a necessary risk to bring order to Iraq.And, in Washington, Condoleezza Rice was sworn in Friday as secretary of state. She was national security adviser to the president. Miz Rice replaces Colin Powell who resigned.At her confirmation hearings, some Democratic senators condemned her handling of the war in Iraq. They said she used bad judgment and misled the public about the reasons for going to war. On Wednesday the Senate voted eighty-five to thirteen to confirm Miz Rice as secretary of state.In the News, in VOA Special English, was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.Bush Discusses Middle East Policy in 01--05State of the Union SpeechThis is Steve Ember with In the News in VOA Special English.American Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice will meet with Israeli and Palestinian leaders before those leaders hold talks next week. Her trip is part of the Middle East peace efforts that President Bush discussed this week in his State of the Union speech.Miz Rice is to meet with Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon in Jerusalem on Sunday. She visits Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank on Monday.Then, on Tuesday, Mister Abbas and Mister Sharon are to meet in Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt. It will be the first time Israeli and Palestinian leaders have met in more than four years. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is holding the talks. King Abdullah of Jordan also is expected to take part.President Bush announced that he will ask Congress for three hundred fifty million dollars for the Palestinians. He said the money would go for political, security and other reforms. In his words: "The goal of two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace is within reach – and America will help them achieve that goal."In his speech Wednesday night in Congress, Mister Bush also called for greater freedoms in other parts of the Middle East. He said reform is already taking hold from Morocco to Jordan to Bahrain.He called on Saudi Arabia to give its people more power to decide their future. And he spoke of Egypt, another American ally, which he called "a great and proud nation." He said, "Egypt, which showed the way toward peace in the Middle East, can now show the way toward democracy in the Middle East."In much stronger language, Mister Bush said that Syria still permits its territory and parts of Lebanon to be used by terrorists. And he said Iran remains the world's main state supporter of terrorism. He said Iran is seeking nuclear weapons while denying its people freedom. The president had a message for Iranians. "As you stand for your own liberty," he said, "American stands with you."In London Friday, reporters asked Secretary Rice if the United States might ever attack Iran. In her words: "The question is simply not on the agenda at this point." She said diplomatic steps remain. Miz Rice is on her first trip as top American diplomat. London was the first stop among European capitals.In his State of the Union speech, the president praised the Iraqi people for voting in elections. He said terrorists are trying to destroy the hope that Iraqis expressed. Millions of people voted Sunday for a new Transitional National Assembly.Leaders of the opposition Democrats in Congress criticized Mister Bush for not saying when American troops will leave Iraq.The president introduced an Iraqi human rights activist whose father was killed by the Saddam Hussein government. Safia Taleb al-Souhail shared an emotional hug with another guest, Janet Norwood, the mother of a United States Marine killed in battle in Iraq.In the News in VOA Special English was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.Israeli-Palestinian Truce; 01--06Historic Elections in Saudi ArabiaI'm Steve Ember with In the News in VOA Special English.Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon met in Egypt this week and declared a cease-fire. The meeting Tuesday was the first in more than four years between leaders of the two sides. The current violence between Palestinians and Israelis began in September of two thousand.Both men spoke of increased chances for peace. But violence resurfaced on Thursday. Members of Hamas fired shells and rockets at Jewish settlements in Gaza, although no one was hurt.Mister Abbas had deployed a large security force in the area to prevent attacks on Israelis. After the shelling, he dismissed three top security officials. Israel praised the action. But cabinet members said Israel would have to act if the Palestinians cannot control the situation.Hamas said it was not trying to break the cease-fire. It said the attack was in answer to the killing of a Palestinian in Gaza on Wednesday.Israel has been urging Mister Abbas to disarm militant groups. On Friday he went to Gaza to demand that they observe the truce announced in Sharm el-Sheikh. Earlier he sent a representative to meet with Hezbollah officials in Lebanon, where that group is based. Palestinian and Israeli officials have both accused Hezbollah of plotting to wreck the cease-fire.In return for Palestinian promises to control violence, Israel said it would free hundreds of Palestinian prisoners within weeks. Israeli also promised to withdraw troops from five West Bank towns.President Bush recently said he would ask Congress for three hundred fifty million dollars for the Palestinians. The money would be used to help them develop an independent state.Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice met separately with Mister Sharon and Mister Abbas this week. Secretary Rice said the United States would give the Palestinians forty million dollars immediately.In other news this week in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia held its first openelections. Candidates competed for half the seats on local councils in the Riyadh area. The national government will choose the other half.Close to two thousand men competed for one hundred twenty-seven seats. Women could not be candidates. They also could not vote. The government said it did not have enough time to set up separate voting stations for them.Still, many voters said the local elections marked the beginning of democratic reforms. The ruling family is under pressure to give Saudis more political power.About one hundred fifty thousand men in and around the capital signed up to vote. Up to six hundred thousand could have registered.Unofficial results were announced Friday. News agencies said Islamist candidates supported by clergy appeared to have won in Riyadh.Elections are set for March and April in other parts of the kingdom.In the News in VOA Special English was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.Syria, Lebanon and the Killing of Rafik Hariri 01--07I'm Doug Johnson with In the News in VOA Special English.President Bush says the United States supports the international investigation that will take place to identify the killers of Rafik Hariri. The former prime minister of Lebanon died Monday in a powerful bomb explosion along a street in Beirut. At least fourteen other people were also killed.Recently Mister Hariri had opposed the large part that Syria takes in Lebanese politics. He called for the withdrawal of Syrian troops. Syria has at least fourteen thousand troops in Lebanon. Syria borders Lebanon on the north and east.Mister Hariri, a Sunni, was a very wealthy builder. He resigned as prime minister last October. He did so after Syria extended the term of the Lebanese president. But Mister Hariri had been expected to run in elections planned this May.His family and the Lebanese political opposition link Syria to the car bombing. Syria denies any involvement. President Bashar al-Assad condemned the murders.Lebanese President Emil Lahoud, a Christian allied with Syria, promised a full investigation. His government says it has asked for help from Swiss and other foreign experts.On Wednesday, an estimated two hundred thousand people attended the funeral for Mister Hariri. His family told President Lahoud and cabinet members not to attend. Protesters shouted "Syria out!" The Beirut newspaper An-Nahar called the funeral "a huge vote for unity and sovereignty."On Friday Lebanese opposition leaders called for a peaceful "uprising for independence." And Lebanon's tourism minister resigned. He said the government was unable to solve what he called the "dangerous situation in the country."On Thursday, President Bush said Syria must honor a United Nations Security Council resolution passed last year. Resolution fifteen-fifty-nine calls for foreign troops to leave Lebanon. Mister Bush described Syria as "out of step" with progress in the Middle East. Syria is not "moving with the democratic movement," in his words.The United States recalled its ambassador to Syria, Margaret Scobey, after the killing of Mister Hariri.His murder comes after years of relative calm in Lebanon. Civil war between Christians and Muslims began in nineteen seventy-five. An Arab force led by Syrian troops intervened in nineteen seventy-six in an effort to end the war. Later, Israel occupied southern Lebanon, staying until two thousand. The civil war was complex and lasted fifteen years.Syria and Lebanon reached a cooperation agreement in nineteen ninety-one. Since the war, the Lebanese have kept a political balance by dividing leadership positions among different religious groups.Rafik Hariri was popular for his efforts to rebuild Lebanon after the war. There are worries that violence could return now that he is gone.In the News, in VOA Special English, was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Doug Johnson.Bush Trip to Europe 01-08I'm Steve Ember with In the News, in VOA Special English.President Bush was in Europe this week for the first time since his re-election in November.On Thursday he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. They discussed Russian democracy and the fight against terrorism. The two leaders also said Iran and North Korea should not have nuclear weapons. On Friday Mister Putin told reporters that he is satisfied with the meeting.Bratislava was the last city visited by Mister Bush on his five-day trip to Europe. In addition to Slovakia, he visited Belgium and Germany.President Bush said he placed importance on a free press and observance of the rule of law during his talks with Mister Putin. Mister Putin rejected any suggestions that Russia is restricting democracy. In his words, "There can be no return to what we had before." The Russian leader also says he and Mister Bush are "very close" on a number of issues such as Iraq, Iran and North Korea.They called for speeding up negotiations for Russian entry into the World Trade Organization. They also said they would work together on international ways to improve the safekeeping of nuclear material.An agreement calls for Russia and the United States to share information about improving nuclear security. They are to jointly develop emergency plans to fight nuclear and radiological attacks. And they are to work together to develop a replacement for highly enriched uranium fuel used in research reactors. The goal is to prevent the uranium from being used to make nuclear weapons.On Wednesday, Mister Bush met in Mainz, Germany, with Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. The German leader had strongly opposed the war in Iraq. But Mister Schroeder says Iraq's future is what is important now.Mister Bush called Europe "America's closest ally." And, he said, "in order for us to have good relations with Europe we have to have good relations with Germany."The two leaders agreed to cooperate on environmental issues, even though the United States is not part of the Kyoto treaty. The United States and Germany are to increase efforts to develop cleaner energy technologies. The aim is to reduce pollution and the industrial gases blamed for atmospheric warming, without limiting economic growth.Several thousand demonstrators marched in Mainz to protest the visit by Mister Bush. There were also protests earlier in Brussels, the headquarters of the European Union and NATO. There, the president met with European Union leaders. And the North Atlantic Treaty Organization announced that all twenty-six of its members would help train Iraqi security forces. But several nations, including Germany, say they only want to do training outside Iraq.In The News, in VOA Special English, was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.I.R.A. Ties Put Pressure on Sinn Fein in 01-09Northern Ireland Peace EffortsThis is Steve Ember with In the News, in VOA Special English.This year is the one hundredth anniversary of Sinn Fein, the main political party for Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland. But these days there is little to celebrate.Sinn Fein serves as the political organization of the Irish Republican Army. And the I.R.A. is being widely condemned over recent cases of robbery and murder. The Irish Republican Army began in nineteen nineteen. This week the American diplomat for Northern Ireland said it is time to "go out of business."On Thursday, the British House of Commons voted to take away the right of parliamentary pay for Sinn Fein members. The party holds four seats in the British Parliament. The European Parliament is considering similar action.Next Thursday is Saint Patrick's Day, an Irish celebration. Gerry Adams, the leader of Sinn Fein, was not invited this year to join President Bush for the traditional observance at the White House. The heads of other political parties in Northern Ireland were not invited either. But White House officials have invited the five sisters of a truck driver killed in January by the I.R.A.In the Gaelic language, Sinn Fein means "we ourselves" or "ourselves alone." The group started in nineteen oh five as a loose coalition of labor organizations. At that time, Britain ruled all of Ireland. Sinn Fein supporters wanted at least some independence from the British.Today the territory is separated into the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland. Most Irish citizens are Roman Catholic. But Northern Ireland is a British province, and the population is mostly Protestant.Years of violence between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland began in nineteen sixty-nine. Bombings were common. In nineteenninety-seven, the Irish Republican Army declared a ceasefire. Peace talks led to a power-sharing agreement in April of the following year, on the Christian observance of Good Friday.But political troubles continued. In October of two thousand two, British Prime Minister Tony Blair suspended the administration of Roman Catholics and Protestants. Sinn Fein wants a place in any renewed government. But political observers say its efforts are hurt by evidence against the Irish Republican Army.In December, robbers stole up to fifty million dollars from a Belfast bank. Hostages were taken. Investigators found the I.R.A. responsible, which the group denies. The I.R.A. was ordered to pay a large fine.Then, in January of this year, I.R.A. members killed a Roman Catholic truck driver. His name was Robert McCartney. It happened after a dispute at a drinking place in Belfast.In reaction, the I.R.A. expelled some of its members. It also offered to shoot the men who killed Robert McCartney. But his family wants the killers to face justice. In the words of a family member, "Only in a court will the truth come out."In the News, in VOA Special English, was written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.Wolfowitz and the World Bank 01-10I'm Steve Ember with IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.President Bush this week nominated Paul Wolfowitz to become president ofthe World Bank. The current head of the bank, James Wolfensohn, has held that position for ten years. His second term ends May thirty-first.Mister Wolfensohn announced in January that he would not seek a third term as leader of the development bank. It provides loans, policy advice and other assistance to help countries reduce poverty.Paul Wolfowitz has served in both the State Department and the Defense Department. For the last four years he has been deputy defense secretary under Donald Rumsfeld. Mister Wolfowitz was a major planner of the invasion of Iraq two years ago. He is often called the "architect" of the war.Some aid groups and others criticized the choice of an official so closely linked to the Iraq war to lead the World Bank. European reaction was mixed. Japan welcomed the nomination.Mister Wolfowitz recently traveled to South Asia to see the damage from the earthquake and tsunami waves in December. He helped plan American military assistance to the area.His nomination must be approved by the twenty-four directors of the World Bank. They represent one hundred eighty-four member countries. Traditionally, an American leads the World Bank while a European heads the International Monetary Fund.Paul Wolfowitz has taught at Yale and Johns Hopkins universities. During the late nineteen eighties, he served as ambassador to Indonesia. He won praise as a diplomat.Later, Mister Wolfowitz served as undersecretary of defense for policy under the first President Bush. As such, he developed policy during the Persian Gulf War after Iraq invaded Kuwait in nineteen ninety.In two thousand one he was a leading supporter of military strikes against al Qaida and the Taliban in Afghanistan. That was after the September eleventh terrorist attacks on the United States.Each year, the World Bank provides thousands of millions of dollars to developing countries. Education and health programs often receive money. But critics of the World Bank say programs for the poor are often cut as a result of financial reforms required to get loans. They say rich countries get richer, while poor countries struggle to repay.。
一分钟voa文本
You can use this phrase in any situation, and everybody in America will understand you.
And that's English in a Minuer heard American English, you might have heard this: Hit the sack.
To find out what this one means, let's listen to this conversation.
A: What do you want for dinner tonight?
B: I'm not sure. What do you want?
A: It's up to you. Whatever you want, we will have.
B: I like to go with the flow. Whatever you decide is cool with me.
This phrase makes you think of watching water. When you "go with the flow," you swim in the direction that the water's moving. It's easy. In the same way, a person who "goes with the flow" easily fits into a given situation. Plus, it rhymes. Go. Flow -- sounds nice.
VOA原文
VOA原文001From VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.South Africa has 11 official languages. If you want to say hello, it's "sawubona" in Zulu, and "hallo" in Afrikaans. Now, South Africa's school children may start using "ni hao" to say hello.The country's education minister says, the nation is adding the Mandarin language teaching in some schools. Mandarin is the official spoken language of China. That country is a major trading power for South Africa.A recent agreement between the two nations centers on five areas of cooperation. They include development in basic education, school books and lessons, mathematics and science, teacher training and career education and research.South Africa officials have not said how much they teaching Mandarin will cost. Troy Martens is an officials with South Africa's Ministry of Basic Education. She says the new partnership is extremely valuable."So it is very exciting and both countries have indicated that for them education is a high priority, and that is why education is high on the agenda of collaboration between the two countries," said Martens.The part of the plan that has garnered the most attention is the inclusion of the Mandarin language in schools.A public opinion study last year found that South Africans have mixed feelings about China. The survey showed 46 percent of South Africans do not like the spread of Chinese ideas and customs in their country, the results also showed that 60 percentdislike Chinese music, movies and television.But Ms Martens said Chinese trade is more important than those feelings. She said it is extremely helpful to learners in South Africa to study Mandarin as well as Chinese culture. And she said not every school will offer Mandarin."Now this will not be compulsory, it will not be for every school, and it will not be for every child. But for schools that feel they have the capacity to offer Mandarin as a subject, we think it is a great opportunity for South African learners to be exposed to this international type of language," said Martens.South Africa's population studies do not say how many native Chinese speakers are among its nearly 51 million people.Lisette Noonan heads the 80-year-old Pretoria Chinese School in South Africa's capital. The school serves about 500 students from kindergarten to grade 12. Every student studies Mandarin.Ms Noonan says the school welcomes the new cooperation between South Africa and China. She said it is in the best interests of children to study Mandarin. She said that especially true with China becoming what she called "ahuge economic power in the world".South African schools suffer from the country's history of apartheid.And from VOA Learning English, that's the Education Report. I'm Bob Doughty.1. include vt.包括; 包含例句:What questions do you include?你在其中包含了哪些问题?2. extremely adv.极端地; 非常例句:Unemployment benefit is extremely limited.失业救济也极为的有限。
VOA standard 部分原文
Artist Pieces Life Back Together After Katrina卡特里娜过后:艺术家让人重拾生活希望Losing everythingIn a small art gallery in the seaside village of Bay St. Louis,Gordon is drilling a piece of wood to mount a new work of art.Her drill is one of the few things she has from before HurricaneKatrina. When she and her husband evacuated their home near the water, they boarded up thehouse. Her husband took the drill so he could remove the wood from the windows when theyreturned. Gordon says there was nothing to come back to.在圣路易斯一个滨海村长的一个小型的艺术画廊里,Gordon正在钻一根木头准备将她的一幅新作给挂上.这个钻孔机是少数在飓风卡特里娜中保存下来的东西之一.当时,她和她的丈夫在讲家附近的水疏通后,爬上屋顶.她的丈夫拿上了这把机子用来割挡在他们前方窗户上的树木.Gordon说,当时根本就没什么必要回去."Hurricane Katrina hit, the house went, the studio went, even the tree house didn’t quite make it,and of course all of my art supplies and tools went with that."As so did 30 years worth of her art that had been in the studio.Mississippi artist Lori Gordon works on a new outdoor piece, made from almost all Katrina debrisexcept for a few glass prisms and the hardware holding it together."I lost all that, but what was really hard at the time was not only not having a place to live, but nothaving a place to work and not having any tools to work with. That was difficult, because we all,you know, have de fined our own ways of dealing with Katrina. And the only way I’ve ever had hasbeen my art."Emotional survivalBefore Katrina, Gordon mostly painted landscapes of the land and water around her. Her focuschanged with Katrina. She says art became emotional survival."I started digging through the rubble where my house had been and pulling out bits of brokenfurniture and broken dishes. Anything I could find. It’s really weird, when you’ve lost everything, abroken coffee cup can take on really significant meaning."When Gordon discovered some pieces of debris had meaning, she knew she was onto something."So I just started pulling all that stuff together and, because I was really feeling pretty crazy, Istarted gluing it together, and puting it together any way I could, making mixed media pieces."Gordon was not the only local artist shaking by the hurricane. Jenise McCardell, who works inclay....... After the storm, she and her husband purchased an undamaged building in town andopened a door to hope."There were quite a group of artists, 10 artists that needed a place to work and create their art.Some were homeless, some had nowhere to work, so we began a coop art gallery here at 220."TransformationIt became Gallery 220, named after the street address. In a town known for its artists, they foundstrength in each other’s company. McCardell says artists from other states heard about the galleryand sent tools, clay, paint and canvas."We put up tables, and, I mean, this is where we worked because we had nowhere else. Lori hadnothing, you know, was living in a tent."Gallery 220 now just place Gordon's work, and lot of the other artists. And one Saturday a monthhost a community open house that draws locals and visitor to see and purchase the art.Gordon was surprised to see her Katrina pieces sell quickly. Many of the buyers were volunteerswho came from all over the country to help after the disaster.Local residents also bought Gordon’s art, often recognizing pieces of their lives in the collages.Gordon says, she began to see her work in a new way.“I was able to take bits and pieces of all that negative stuff, and put them together and transformthem not only into something I found beautiful and life-affirming. But that made me some money,which was very significant at that point in time.Margaret Woodward, owns several pieces of the Katrina Collection. She is still repairing damage toher home in nearby Long Beach.Woodward says, when everyone is leaving town after the hurrican, and thinking a returning tonormal life was impossible. Lori Gordon's artworks made a difference. “Lori made the impossibleseem possible and not only possible but beautiful again, because there was very little that waspretty after the storm. It was just tragic.”Go rdon, still works at the artists’ co-op two days a week, and shows her work across the country.“You don’t have to have experienced a Katrina to understand what loss is. Whether it’s the loss ofyour community, whether it’s much more singular and personal, like a divorce, we all have to dothe same things. We have to find way to pick up the broken pieces and put them back together ina way that makes sense, and in a way that will bring happiness and joy back to our lives.”。
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International students can also attend the Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, and the Merchant Marine Academy in Kings Point, New York. The Coast Guard Academy can have thirty-five international students at any one time; the Merchant Marine Academy,thirty.
For example, the next class at the Naval Academy will include eighteen foreign students, four of them female. (9) This will bring the total number of foreign students at the Naval Academy to fifty- three.
VOA Special English 原文
1 a quick lessonThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything. For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but must also pay any debts.Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibility for the business.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together. Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization.Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money back into the business.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity -- its own legal being, separate from its owners.A board of directors controls corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation. Corporations can have a few major shareholders. Or ownership can be spread among the general public.But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. You can learn more about business and economics on our website, . We're also on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube at VOA Learning English. I'm Barbara Klein.2 baboonsThis is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.When farmers and wild animals share land, conflicts can be hard to prevent. But the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization is trying to help.The FAO and other groups are developing what they call the Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Toolkit. This toolkit is a collection of advice and information that farmers in southern Africa have been testing.Wild animals are considered a top problem for the physical and economic security of rural populations in Africa.FAO official Rene Czudek says the main aim is to provide low-cost methods to deal with wild animals without harming them.For example, some farmers in Kenya use donkeys to guard against lions and cheetahs.In Zambia and Mozambique, crocodiles are blamed for more deaths than any other animal. Nile crocodiles kill an estimated three hundred people each year in Mozambique alone.Strong fencing at watering points can offer protection. And people should always enter the water several at a time, in groups armed with weapons like sticks and stones, axes and spears.But the FAO also points out that crocodile attacks are less likely in places that have not been overfished.The toolkit also has ideas to control baboons. These large monkeys raid crops and they can kill sheep and other livestock.One suggestion is to remove the center from a loaf of bread and hide a snake inside -- a live one if possible. Baboons have a fear of snakes. They also have good memories. Rene Czudek at the FAO says a baboon frightened by a snake sandwich will probably not come back.Another animal with a good memory -- the elephant -- often raids field crops, especially maize and cassava. Mr. Czudek says the loss of a maize crop can mean the loss of a family's food supply for a year.Did you know elephants hate chili pepper?Farmers can grind pepper, mix it with elephant waste and form bricks. The idea is to burn these bricks around the edges of fields to keep elephants away. Farmers can also grow fields of chili peppers -- and sell the surplus.Another way to control elephants is with a plastic gun called the Mhiripiri Bomber. It fires balls that burst and release a chili solution when they hit the elephant's skin. You might also be able to stop an elephant or a hippopotamus by shining lights in their eyes.The FAO toolkit is supposed to be available online soon. People will be able to comment on the suggestions and offer their own.And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Bob Doughty.3 Fighting CancerThis is the VOA Special English Health Report.Health experts are calling for action to expand cancer care and control in the developing world. A paper published by the medical journal Lancet says cancer was once thought of mostly as a problem in the developed world. But it says cancer is now a leading cause of death and disability in poor countries.Experts from Harvard University and other organizations urge the international community to fight cancer aggressively. They say it should be fought the way HIV/AIDS has been fought in Africa.Cancer kills more than seven and a half million people a year worldwide. The experts say almost two-thirds are in low-income and middle-income countries.They say cancer kills more people in developing countries than AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. But they say the world spends only five percent of its cancer resources in those countries.Felicia Knaul from the Harvard Medical School was one of the authors of the paper. She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast cancer. She received treatment there. She says the experience showed her the sharp divide between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.FELICIA KNAUL: "And we are seeing more and more how this is attacking young women. It's the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, except the poorest-poorest, it's the number one cancer-related death among young women. And, I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it than we are doing about it."Professor Knaul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. She says they were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from cervical cancer. They were able to persuade women to get tested and to get vaccinated against a virus that can cause it.The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly. For example, patients can be treated with lower-cost drugs that are off-patent. This means the drugs are no longer legally protected against being copied.In another new report, the American Cancer Society says cancer has the highest economic cost of any cause of death. It caused an estimated nine hundred billion dollars in economic losses worldwide in two thousand eight.That was one and a half percent of the world economy, and just losses from early death and disability. The study did not estimate direct medical costs. But it says the productivity losses are almost twenty percent higher than for the second leading cause of economic loss, heart disease.And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Caty Weaver with Vidushi Sinha. I'm Barbara Klein4 GoogleThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.Last week, Verizon and Google proposed a plan they say could keep the Internet open while supporting investment in high-speed Internet service.Verizon has the nation's biggest wireless network while Google is the biggest Internet search engine. The proposal was a surprise because the two companies have been on opposite sides of the debate over net neutrality.That is the idea that all content on the Web should be treated equally.Internet service providers want to be able to charge more for heavy Internet traffic or users who want special services. The Federal Communications Commission regulates telephone, cable and satellite communications. But its power to regulate Internet service has been questioned in the courts.The new proposal calls for rules barring service providers from preventing users from sending and receiving legal information of any kind. Users also could not be prevented from linking any application, service or device they choose to the Web. And broadband Internet providers would be barred from discriminating against content and would have to be open about their policies.Supporters of net neutrality criticized the proposal for not including wireless providers. Wireless broadband is among the fastest growing parts of the Internet. Others oppose the creation of a "two-tiered" system on the Internet in which some content gets a fast lane and other content goes slowly.But Daniel Brenner says such a system already exists.DANIEL BRENNER: "In some ways there are two tiers today. In other words, there's the public Internet which we all use for Web surfing, e-mail and sometimes for voice. And then there are managed networks."Daniel Brenner is a partner at the law firm Hogan Lovells in Washington. He says service providers want to be able to charge more because they build networks out to their customers across the country. Such companies are the so-called "last mile" providers.But, the Internet is really a network of networks which exchange traffic all the time and compete with each other. And not all networks reach the last mile to a customer's door.Paul Kouroupas of Global Crossing says his company wants to make sure agreements between service providers are honored on all networks. That way, a service promised by Global Crossing on its fiber optic network will be extended all the way to a customer's door - even if another company carries the service that last mile. The Verizon-Google proposal offers suggestions for a debate that is not likely to end soon. Daniel Brenner says the FCC needs clearer guidelines from Congress. And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.5 happierThis is the VOA Special English Health Report.Old age may not sound exciting. But recent findings offer good news for older people and for people worried about getting older.年老可能听起来不中听,但对老年人和担心变老的人们来说,最近的研究结果传递了一些好消息。
VOA慢速英语听力长文
VOA慢速英语听力长文Hussain Saeed Alnahdi was one of the almost 400 international students attending the University of Wisconsin-Stout.Twenty-four-year-old Alnahdi was from Saudi Arabia. He began his studies at the school in the Midwestern part of the United States last year. But early on the morning of October 30, Alnahdi's experience as an international student came to a violent end. An unnamed attacker beat him until he died outside a restaurant in the city of Menomonie.A few weeks later, police announced they had arrested a suspect. They said they do not believe the attack was a hate crime, or a crime influenced by race.But events like the attack in Wisconsin have raised concerns for many international students living and studying in the U.S.Study in the U.S.A. is a company that supports international students who want to study at American colleges and universities. A few days before the U.S. presidential election, the company released the results of an opinion study of 1,000 international students from 130 countries. Over 65 percent of the students said they would be lesslikely to study in the U.S. if Donald Trump were elected president.FPP EDU Media also works with international students. The company released its own survey of 40,000 students in June. Thoseresults suggested 60 percent of their students felt the same way.During his campaign, President-elect Trump made statements about Mexican people that many critics called racist. At one point, he called for a ban on all Muslims entering the U.S.The Southern Poverty Law Center is a civil rights group based in Montgomery, Alabama. The group says it has received 437 reports of incidents of intimidation andharassment in the six days following the election.Renait Stephens is the chief executive officer of Study in the U.S.A. She says international students and their parents are worried. However, she is also hopeful. She argues that what a politician saysduring a campaign and what they do once they are in power are two different things.Stephens says international students will have to wait and see what happens."It's early days. And until we know something more about any policy changes, then I think we just have to really emphasize that and hope that our education system will continue to be how it is right now. So right now we're just trying to reassure students that nothing has changed. U.S. campuses are still safe. They're still open. They're stilldiverse. And you still get a fantastic education."Other experts say there has never been any real threat to international education. The Institute of International Education (IIE) is a nonprofit organization that studies and supports international student exchanges.Together with the U.S. Department of State, the IIE releases a report every year on the number of international students in the U.S. The 2016 Open Doors report says about 1,044,000 international students attended American colleges and universities last year. That is a record number.Peggy Blumenthal is an official with the IIE. She says the organization has been recording international student numbers for over90 years.She says international students are mostly concerned with the quality of the education they can get in the U.S. The rest of the world still values the strength of the American higher education system above almost any other country, she adds.Blumenthal points to historical examples. When the U.S. accidentally bombed the Chinese embassy in the capital of Serbia in 1999, major protests took place at the U.S. embassy in Beijing. But, she says, shortly after the protests, Chinese students were complaining the American embassy was not processing their visas fast enough.Blumenthal says this shows world events do not easily affect international student exchanges."International students really value their opportunity to study in the United States. And throughout the whole history of our collecting data, there has almost never been a drop in the number of international students coming to the United States. There have been many important changes in American policy, in international circumstances, in the economy. But the numbers of international students pretty much continues to rise regardless of what's going on elsewhere around them."Blumenthal admits there may be a small decrease in the number of Muslim students coming to U.S. schools. That also happened after the terrorist attacks in New York on September 11th, 2001. But she says a decrease in students from one country is often balanced by an increasein students from other countries.Foreign students bring a lot to the economies of many towns and cities across the U.S. The U.S. Department of Commerce saysinternational students added about $30 billion to the U.S. economy in 2015. Blumenthal argues that no politician is willing to risk losing that.However, Philip Altbach remains worried. Altbach is the director of the Center for International Higher Education. The center works through Boston College to research and support international study.Altbach says there are examples of decreases in international study in other countries. He notes the major decrease of Indian students studying in Australia after several Indians were attacked there in 2009 and 2010. He also says the language Trump and his supporters used during the campaign has lowered the world's opinion of the U.S."I think that the toxic discourse of the campaign and of what Mr. Trump has said for a long time actually is extraordinarily damaging for the image of the United States in general and in the thinking ofstudents and faculty members overseas who may be considering studying in the United States or coming here as professors. Because the choice of where to study in the world depends very significantly on the comfortthat students and their families will feel about the country to which they are planning to go."Altbach says international students and professors bringdifferent perspectives to the universities where they study or teach. Losing them would cost the American students a lot -- educationally and financially.He says international graduate students and professors are involved in much of the research done at most U.S. universities. Also, decreases in international student numbers may not affect large, well-known universities, he says. But many others need international students to pay the full price to attend. Having international students pay more makes it possible for schools to let American students attend at reduced cost, he says.Altbach admits there is no way to know what will happen until the new administration takes office. But until then, universities must make clear public statements saying they will support and protect international students. If not, Altbach says, America may no longer be the first choice for people seeking the best education in the world.。
VOA(听力原文)
The world at 7 billion, and growingCensus Bureau人口普查局Shortage 短缺fertility: 生育力demographic人口统计学的dividend股息; 红利malnourished 营养失调的; 营养不良的听力原文The United Nations estimates that the world reached seven billion people on Monday. No one can be sure. The United States Census Bureau does not expect that to happen until March.Populations are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa and some in Asia. At the same time, low fertility rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor shortages.Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October 1999. They predict nine billion by 2050 and 10 billion by the end of the century.China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's largest. India is second at 1.2 billion. But India is expected to pass China and reach one and a half billion people around 2025. India will also have one of the world's youngest populations.Economists say this is a chance for a so-called demographic dividend. India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy at a time when other countries have aging populations. But economists say current rates of growth, although high, may not create enough jobs.Also, the public education system is failing to meet demand and schooling is often of poor quality. Another concern is health care. Nearly half of India's children under the age of five are malnourished.听写原文The United Nations estimates that the world reached seven billion people on Monday.Populations are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa and some in Asia.At the same time, low fertility rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor shortages.Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October 1999. They predict nine billion by 2050 and 10 billion by the end of the century.China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's largest. India is second at 1.2 billion. But India is expected to pass China and reach one and a half billion people around 2025.India will also have one of the world's youngest populations.Economists say this is a chance for a so-called demographic dividend.India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy at a time when other countries have aging populations.But economists say current rates of growth, although high, may not create enough jobs.Also, the public education system is failing to meet demand and schooling is often of poor quality. Another concern is health care. Nearly half of India's children under the age of five are malnourished.Tiger Mother虎妈战歌Comparing American and Chinese Parents 比较中美家长对孩子教育方式差异Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 《虎妈战歌》Amy Chua蔡美儿Yale Law School耶鲁法学院New Haven纽黑文raise 养大immigrant移民represent代表stuffed animal毛绒玩具insult责骂sleepover外面过夜play date同学聚会school play课外活动makes fun of 嘲弄ease放松low expectation较低期望assume 采取,承担fragility脆弱stirring信号、焦点intense激烈retreat退让Some American parents might think their children need better educations to compete with China and other countries. But how much do the parents themselves need to change?一些美国家长可能认为他们的孩子需要接受更好的教育,来与中国以及其他国家的孩子竞争。
voa 慢速英语文本
This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.这里是美国之音慢速英语新闻报道。
This week, the eight candidates seeking the Republican Party's presidential nomination debated national security and foreign policy issues. CNN and two conservative research groups, the American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation, organized the debate in Washington.本周,寻求共和党总统候选人提名的8名候选人就国家安全和外交政策进行了辩论。
CNN和两家保守派研究组织美国企业研究所和美国传统基金会组织了这次辩论。
One issue was American aid to Pakistan. Texas Governor Rick Perry said he would cut that aid unless the Pakistani government made changes.议题之一是美国对巴基斯坦的援助。
德州州长里克·佩里(Rick Perry)声称,除非巴基斯坦政府做出改变,否则他将削减援助。
RICK PERRY: "The bottom line is that they have showed us time after time that they can't be trusted and until Pakistan clearly shows that they have America's best interest in mind, I would not send them one penny."佩里:“根本原因在于,他们一次次向我们展示他们的不可靠。
voa慢速英语听力原文
This is the VOA Special English Education Report.Americans are considering national education standards recently developed by teachers and other education experts. The National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers led the effort.The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. The reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution. That document limits the responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilities, like education, fall to the individual states.Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live. They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests required by the No Child Left Behind Act.Kara Schlosser is communications director for the Council of Chief State School Officers. She says the new standards clearly state what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work.The standards deal with language and mathematics in every grade from kindergarten through high school. For example, in first grade, students should be asking and answering questions about something they read.In mathematics, students should be working with shapes in kindergarten and angles in fourth grade.Forty-eight states have already shown approval for the standards. Two states reject the idea. Critics say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee excellence for all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the proposal will hurt their students because the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal interference or control.Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states qualify for some federal grant money.And that's the VOA Special English Education Report, written by Nancy Steinbach. I'm Steve Ember。
VOA教育学10篇
1T his is the VOA Special E nglis h E ducation Report.这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
T here are sc hools of fis h, and there are sc hools for fis hermen. T he Cod Academy is a year-long program in Maine, one of the N ew E ngland s tates in the A meric an N ortheas t.世界上有渔业学校,也有为渔民开设的学校。
鳕鱼学院是美国东北部新英格兰地区缅因州的一个为期1年的项目。
T he ac ademy is new. T he idea is to train c urrent or former ocean-going fis hermen to become fis h farmers.这所学院是新开办的,目的是为了培训当前和曾经的远洋渔民成为水产养殖户。
Sebas tian Belle is direc tor of the M aine Aquac ulture Ass ociation. T hat group launc hed the Cod Academy with the U nivers ity of Maine and othe r partners. M r. Belle s ays the academy teac hes all about managing a floating farm.塞巴斯蒂安·贝利是缅因州水产养殖协会会长。
该协会和缅因大学以及其它合作伙伴共同创办了鳕鱼学院。
贝利女士表示,该学院教授的课程全部和渔场管理相关。
SE BASTIAN BE LLE: "One of the things we've been teac hing the s tudents is how to feed the fis h and not overfeed the fis h. So yo u want to give them enough feed, and not waste any feed and make it as efficient as possible."贝利:“我们给学生教授的技能之一就是如何喂鱼,如何不喂养过量。
voa 文本
CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: On this Veterans Day, November 11th, all of us here at CNN Student News salute everyone who has served in the U.S. Armed Services. Hello. My name is Carl Azuz.First Up: South Korea ArrivalAZUZ: First up, South Korea. That country is the third stop on President Obama's trip to Asia. He landed in the South Korean capital on Wednesday. While he is there, he'll meet with South Korea's president. He'll also have a sit-down with the president of China. And he'll give a speech to U.S. troops who are serving in South Korea.President Obama will attend the G-20, or Group of 20, Summit. This is an economic meeting and one that could be tense. Some countries who are in the G-20 have criticized other members for their economic decisions. The U.S. and China are two examples. Josh Levs is going to explain a little bit more now about who's in the G-20 and what this group does.JOSH LEVS, CNN CORRESPONDENT: We're talking about a critical group of 20 nations here. In fact, they're all in red behind me on this map. Now, I'm not going to name them all for you, but the idea is here that the G-20 takesthe world's most powerful economies -- the biggest, largest economies in the world -- and combines it with a lot of the developing economies as well. So, you've got a lot of the usual suspects, the big players: U.S., China, Russia, France. You've also got Brazil in there; you've got Indonesia; you've got Mexico. And all combined, when you put all these nations together, they comprise 85% of the world's economy. So this, what they decide there, can have a massive impact on the entire world.UK ProtestsAZUZ: Over in the United Kingdom, the UK, the government's trying to cut some debt by letting universities raise tuition. The UK has a limit on how much schools can charge. But this plan would triple that limit. Students, no surprise, don't like this idea. Organizers say 50,000 protesters hit the streets Wednesday to speak out against the proposal. The protests started out peacefully, but they didn't all end up that way. Some people smashe d windows and broke into buildings. The student group that organized the tuition protests called the violence despicable. One organizer blamed it on other people who he says used the student protest as a way to just cause destruction. Policewere called in to help calm things down. Officials say more than 30 people were arrested.ShoutoutJOHN LISK, CNN STUDENT NEWS: Today's Shoutout goes out to Mrs. Thompson's 7th grade American history classes at Loranger Middle School in Loranger, Louisiana! The Food and Drug Administration is part of what U.S. government agency? Is it the: A) Agriculture Dept., B) Environmental Protection Agency, C) Interior Dept. or D) Health and Human Services Dept.? You've got three seconds -- GO! The FDA is part of the Health and Human Services Department. That's your answer and that's your Shoutout!Cigarette WarningsAZUZ: Okay, teachers, this next report includes some images that some viewers might find disturbing. According to the FDA, that's the point. What we're talking about are the warnings on cigarettes. The government's planning to update those warnings and include pictures, and they're not gonna be pulling any punches. One picture would show a baby who's exposed to cigarette smoke. Another shows the potential physical effects of smoking. Right now, thepublic can weigh in on the proposed images. Some critics are saying smokers already know the risks, and they'll just throw the packages out. If the plan moves forward, the new pictures could be on cigarette packages within two years. The FDA says the goal is to make the consequences of smoking obvious "every time someone picks up a pack of cigarettes."Fast Food Toy BanAZUZ: Back in April, we reported on a proposal out of San Francisco to ban toys from some of the kids' fast food meals at restaurants. This was very controversial, but the majority of the San Francisco board of supervisors thought it was a good idea. The board voted 8-3 for the ban this week. The new law says fast food restaurants can't include toys in kids' meals that have too many calories. They either have to ditch the toy or make the meals healthier. One official says the goal is to fight childhood obesity. McDonald's, whose Happy Meals were the specific focus of this ban, says it's disappointed with the decision. The company argues that its menu already offers parents healthy choices.Is This Legit?TOMEKA JONES, CNN STUDENT NEWS: Is this legit? World War I is sometimes known as the "Great War." This is true. It's also known as "the war to end all wars." Paying Tribute to VeteransAZUZ: Of course, as you know, World War I didn't end all wars. But it ended itself on this very day in 1918 with the implementation of the armistice. That anniversary would eventually become Veterans Day, a time to honor every man and woman who has ever served in the U.S. military. As part of our Veterans Day coverage, we want to take you to a cemetery in Long Island for a special ceremony that happens once every month.(BEGIN VIDEO)MICHAEL PICERNO, DIRECTOR, CALVERTON NATIONAL CEMETERY: Today, we are here to honor the memory of over 20 veterans. We're at the Calverton National Cemetery on the eastern end of Long Island, here to perform an NOA service.LOU DILEO, BUGLER: NOA stands for No One in Attendance. In other words, these soldiers that have come here do not have any family, no mourners, no one to pay them tribute. They're just left here to be buried.PICERNO: This ceremony started at the Calverton Cemetery about five years ago when several of our employees realized that there were these veterans interred here without family or friends at the burial ceremony. We thought it would be a fitting tribute to them to have some of our employees and some veterans from the local community come and pay tribute to these individuals on a monthly basis.FERDINAND A. MEGGS JR., CEMETERY REPRESENTATIVE: They're veterans that have served this country and it's important that we honor them, whether they have family here or not. And it's our obligation to do it and it's an honor.UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Private First Class Phillip Martorano, U.S. Army.PICERNO: Reading their names individually is something that's quite meaningful, connecting their rank, their name, their branch of service, and realizing that these are people who did take time out of their life to defend their country. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Specialist Fourth Class Jim Harrington, Jr., U.S. Army. Private Bernard Rowland, U.S. Army. Senior Airman Hadi Mansur, U.S. Air Force.MEGGS: I try to picture them. I try to picture who they are and all that they did for the military.UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Today, we remember all of them. DILEO: The NOA service is sad, to think that a soldier is here and there was no family, no friends. We don't know why. All that we know is that a flag covered his coffin. So, we offer him the respect and the honor that he deserves for serving his country. We are now his family and he's being buried with his comrades in arms. Mission well done. God bless. Rest in peace.(END VIDEO)Blog ReportAZUZ: You students have some great ideas about the best way to honor America's living veterans. Katie on our Facebook site suggests something simple: "Just let them know that we all respect and thank veterans for serving our country." Ashley echoes that, saying her dad is just now out of the military. She says "he'd love any simple gesture." On our blog, Conor suggests "volunteering to help veterans, donating to organizations that help them or simply taking a moment to think about what they've done and what they've sacrificed." Amanda suggests "makingveterans cards to let them know how thankful we are for their service." Hunter says to "give a few minutes of silence with your family or friends. There is so much we need to be thankful for and appreciate, but we don't always have the time." And Dalton describes veterans' service to America like this: "The reason I am able to go to school and write this response right now, and later go to work and then go home to a nice cozy bed."Before We GoAZUZ: Lee Kluger is an Atlanta-area pilot I've had the privilege of flying with. You're about to meet him. He has a very unique way of honoring veterans.LEE KLUGER, BIPLANE ADVENTURES: A lot of people who fly with us are from World War II generation. Uh, a lot of them were veterans that maybe trained in these aircraft, flew in these aircraft.AZUZ: And this is how they can soar back to their flight training days. There aren't a lot of electronics on an N3N biplane from 1941. No overhead storage bin or autopilot, just the controls at your hands and feet, the wind rushing by your ears, and the open sky over your head. For some of the veteran pilots who climb back into one of these, it's atime machine to their youth, the adventure, the excitement, and the memories of young men who went on to become heroes.GoodbyeAZUZ: That ends today's show on an up note. And if you know anyone who has served in the military, we encourage you to thank them. CNN Student News thanks all of our veteran viewers, and their children, watching around the world.。
VOA原文
1、This is the VOA Special English Development Report.The United Nations says more than nine hundred million people worldwide do not have enough to eat. Officials say one hundred million more could go hungry this year because of the food, fuel and financial crises.To deal with the situation, the U.N. World Food Program has launched a project to help small farmers. These farmers are mainly women. Many cannot produce enough food even to feed and support their own families. The new effort is called Purchase for Progress, or P4P. It aims to connect local farmers with dependable markets. That way, they could get a chance to sell their surplus at competitive prices. P4P will be tested in as many as twenty-one countries during the next five years.The biggest contributor to the project is Bill Gates, through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Another donor is the Howard Buffett Foundation, led by a son of American investor Warren Buffett. And the government of Belgium is supporting the project in a former colony, now the Democratic Republic of Congo.Together these donors have provided more than seventy-six million dollars for projects in Africa and Central America.Purchase for Progress will work with United Nations agencies, governments and nongovernmental organizations to help increase crop production. The World Bank Group and other partners are to help train farmers in better crop management and marketing skills.The World Food Program says it expects to buy forty thousand tons of food in the first year using methods launched by the project. That will be enough to feed two hundred fifty thousand people.P4P is expected to develop food cooperatives and long-term agreements for buying corn, wheat and other food crops. About three hundred fifty thousand farmers could be assisted.Officials say the project will change the way the World Food Program buys food in developing countries. Executive Director Josette Sheeran says this is the first time her agency will buy a large amount of food from small-scale farmers. The agency has traditionally bought most of its food from developing countries, but through larger trading organizations.And that's the VOA Special English Development Repor.2、October 2008This is the VOA Special English Health Report.Wednesday, October fifteenth, is the first Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap.For example, private donors will give one hundred fifty thousand bars of soap to schools in Ethiopia. The Education Ministry wants one million schoolchildren to wash their hands for Wednesday's event.Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so-called critical moments. These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food.Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap. Partners include the United Nations Children's Fund, American government agencies, the World Bank and soap makers Unilever and Procter and Gamble. The goal, they say, is to create a culture of hand washing with soap.The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs. They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub it into all areas, including under the fingernails. Rub for at least twenty seconds.Then, rinse well under running water. Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth or wave them in the air.The Partnership for Handwashing says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing. Soap also helps to break up the grease and dirt that hold most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell, which increases the likelihood that people will wash again.The partnership says washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any vaccine or medicine. It could help reduce cases of diarrhea by almost half. And it could reduce deaths from pneumonia and other breathing infections by one-fourth.Diarrhea is the second leading cause of child deaths, killing more than one and a half million children a year. Pneumonia is the leading cause, killing about two million children under five each year. Hand washing can also prevent the spread of other diseases.When people get germs on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then they can infect others.And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Caty Weaver. For a link to a Handwashing Handbook in English, Spanish, French and Swahili, go to . I'm Steve Ember.3、I'm Bob Doughty.VOICE TWO:And I'm Shirley Griffith with People in America in VOA Special English. Today we tell about the award-winning actor Paul Newman. He was known for his striking good looks and clear blue eyes. Newman starred in over sixty-five movies during his more than fifty-year career. Some of his most famous roles were in the movies "The Hustler", "Hud", "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" and "The Verdict." Paul Newman was also a social activist, racecar driver and businessman.(MUSIC)COOL HAND LUKE: "I know I'm a pretty evil fellow. Killed people in the war and I got drunk and chewed up municipal property and the like. I know I got no call to ask for much, but even so you gotta admit, you ain't dealt me no cards in a long time. It's beginning to look like you got things fixed so I can't never win out. Inside, outside... all them rules and regulations and bosses. You made me like I am! And just where am I supposed to fit in?"VOICE ONE:That was a scene from the nineteen sixty-seven movie "Cool Hand Luke." In this movie set in a jail, Paul Newman plays the role of Luke Jackson, a smart but rebellious prisoner who gets in trouble for doing things his own way.VOICE TWO:The movie gives a good example of Paul Newman's intelligent style of acting. He was known for playing characters who were imperfect but very likeable. He expressed an emotional complexity and thoughtfulness in his characters that seemed effortless.VOICE ONE:Paul Leonard Newman was born in Cleveland, Ohio in nineteen twenty-five. His father, Arthur Newman, ran a successful sporting goods store. His mother, Theresa Newman, loved the theater. She influenced her son Paulto act in school plays. During World War Two, Newman served as an airplane radio operator. He later studied at Kenyon College in Ohio. There, he played football and continued performing in plays.VOICE TWO:Arthur Newman did not think that acting was a sensible kind of job. But, he agreed to support his son for a year while Paul performed with small theater companies.In nineteen fifty, Paul Newman returned to Cleveland with his new wife, Jacqueline, to manage the family store after his father's death. But the couple soon left Cleveland so that Paul Newman could study theater at Yale University in Connecticut.VOICE ONE:A few years later, Paul Newman received a role in the Broadway play "Picnic." The play ran for fourteen months. It was while working on this play that he met the actress Joanne Woodward.During this period, Paul Newman also found roles on television shows. He studied at the Actors Studio in New York with actors who would also become famous, including James Dean and Marlon Brando.(MUSIC)VOICE TWO:Paul Newman's first movie, "The Silver Chalice," came out in nineteen fifty-four. He later said that it was the worst movie ever made. Critics agreed. But his nineteen fifty-six movie, "Somebody Up There Likes Me," was a success that brought him increased public attention. Newman made many movies during the late nineteen fifties. These include "The Rack", "The Left-Handed Gun" and "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof", which starred Elizabeth Taylor. VOICE ONE:Paul Newman married Joanne Woodward in nineteen fifty-eight after divorcing his first wife the year before. They made ten movies together. The first was "The Long, Hot Summer." The movie is based on stories by the American writer William Faulkner.Newman plays a strong, good-looking, young man named Ben Quick. He arrives in a small town in Mississippi after being kicked out of another town because he is accused of burning a barn. He gets a job with Will Varner, who owns just about everything in the town. Varner likes Quick so much that he arranges for him to marry his daughter, Clara, a schoolteacher. But Clara, played by Joanne Woodward, has other ideas.CLARA: " I gave up on him when I was nine years old and I gave up on you the first time I ever looked in those cold, blue eyes."BEN: "You got the color right."CLARA: "I've got everything right, Mister Quick."BEN: "Well, I can see you don't like me, but you're gonna have me. It's gonna be you and me."CLARA: "Not the longest day I live."BEN: "Yes, sir. They're gonna say, 'There goes that poor old Clara Varner, whose father married her off to a dirt-scratching, shiftless, no-good farmer who just happened by.' Well, let 'em talk. I'll tell you one thing, you're gonna wake up in the morning smiling."VOICE TWO:Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward decided not to live in Hollywood, California like most other film stars. They lived a very private life in Westport, Connecticut. They would remain married for fifty years. They raised three daughters. Newman had three other children with his first wife.Paul Newman continued making successful movies. "The Hustler" came out in nineteen sixty-one. EDDIE:" How should I play that one, Bert? Play it safe? That's the way you always told me to play it, safe, play the percentage. Well, here we go, fast and loose. One ball, corner pocket. Yeah, percentage players die broke too, don't they, Bert?"In this movie, Newman plays a pool player named Fast Eddie Felson who competes for money against the expert player Minnesota Fats.EDDIE: "I'm mean, it's not enough that you just have talent, you gotta have character too. Four ball."VOICE ONE:Two years later, he played the title role in "Hud." The movie is about a man who lives and works on his father's cattle farm. Newman said people were supposed to hate his character, Hud. But instead he said he created a folk hero. Paul Newman starred with Robert Redford in two very popular movies, "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" and "The Sting."He directed his wife, Joanne Woodward, in several movies that were praised by critics. These include "Rachel, Rachel" which came out in nineteen sixty-eight and "The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds" four years later.VOICE TWO:Over his career, Newman was nominated for ten Academy Awards. He won for his performance in the nineteen eighty-six film, "The Color of Money". This movie continues the story of Fast Eddie that began with "The Hustler." In nineteen eighty-two, Newman starred in "The Verdict".FRANK GLAVIN: "You know, so much of the time we're just lost..."The movie is about an alcoholic lawyer named Frank Galvin who finds a chance to make up for his failing career in a medical case. Newman's performance during his character's closing argument to the jury is very powerful. FRANK GLAVIN: "But today you are the law. You are the law, not some book, not the lawyers, not a marble statue, or the trappings of the court. See, those are just symbols of our desire to be just."(MUSIC)VOICE ONE:Paul Newman was not only a movie star. He was a political activist who fought for liberal causes. In nineteen sixty-eight, he campaigned for the Democratic Party presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy. Newman protested the Vietnam War in front of the American Embassy in London. He expressed great pride that he was named on President Richard Nixon's list of enemies.VOICE TWO:Paul Newman also worked on social issues important to him. In nineteen seventy-eight, his twenty-eight year old son Scott died of an accidental overdose of drugs and alcohol. In response, Paul Newman created the Scott Newman Center to help educate children and families on preventing drug abuse.VOICE ONE:In the nineteen eighties, Newman decided to start selling a salad dressing he had created and given to many friends as gifts. The "Newman's Own" company he started with his friend A. E. Hotchner became a huge success selling different food products. Over the years, more than two hundred fifty million dollars in company profits have been donated to social causes and organizations.VOICE TWO:One of these is the Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, started by Paul Newman in nineteen eighty-eight. Its aim is to provide a free summer camp experience to children with cancer and other serious diseases. There are now camps in the United States and several other countries. Newman said that he started the organization as a way to honor the role that luck has played in his life. He said that the camps are a way to help children who are unfairly affected by luck's cruelty.VOICE ONE:Paul Newman discovered his love of racing cars while making the nineteen sixty-nine movie "Winning." He even began racing professionally. In nineteen ninety-five, at the age of seventy, Newman competed and won at the Daytona races in Florida. The Guinness Book of World Records listed him as the oldest winner in his race class. VOICE TWO:In the nineteen nineties he continued to act in movies, including "Mister And Missus Bridge", "Message in a Bottle" and "Nobody's Fool." And, in two thousand two he returned to Broadway one last time to perform in "Our Town" by Thornton Wilder.Paul Newman died in two thousand eight of cancer. He was eighty-three years old. He was a true star both as an actor and a human being.(MUSIC)VOICE ONE:This program was written and produced by Dana Demange. I'm Bob Doughty.4、This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.In recent weeks, the United States government has dealt with struggling financial companies on a case-by-case basis. Now government and congressional leaders are discussing a plan, and they say there is no time to lose. The idea is to have the government buy troubled housing loans from banks and other financial companies. These bad debts resulted from what Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson calls "irresponsible lending and irresponsible borrowing."The loans were then sold as securities. Investors bought them for their high returns. But now their loss of value may call into question the financial condition of the companies that own them.As a result, these bad loans have blocked the flow of credit that the economy depends on.Removing them from the financial system will require a lot of money. How much? Secretary Paulson was asked that question at a news conference on Friday.REPORTER: "You said this needs to be a significant size. Are we talking hundreds of billions, a trillion dollars?" HENRY PAULSON: "We're talking hundreds of billions. This needs to be big enough to make a real difference and get at the heart of the problem."Details of the rescue plan are still being worked out, but the administration wants Congress to act on legislation next week. Congress is supposed to leave after that to campaign for the November fourth elections, but lawmakers could delay their plans.President George Bush called on Congress not to add provisions that could delay a bill. He says the proposed action does involve risk to taxpayer money, but he expects the money will be paid back. He says most of the assets that the government is planning to buy have good value over time, because most homeowners continue to pay their mortgages.And he says the economic risks of not acting would be far higher.Earlier this week, the government gave a rescue loan to the huge insurance company A.I.G. in return for a controlling interest. That came after the government took control of the housing finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac last week. And six months ago it provided loans for the bailout of the investment bank Bear Stearns. All these steps, and more, are connected to the bad loans.President Bush said the American system of free enterprise rests on the idea "that the federal government should interfere in the marketplace only when necessary." He says today's shaky financial markets demand government intervention.Recent measures have been historic. But there have been other government interventions in private business over the years.For example, Congress provided billions of dollars to help airlines after the terrorist attacks seven years ago. And in nineteen eighty-nine, when President Bush's father was president, Congress established the Resolution Trust Corporation. The agency had to deal with hundreds of failed savings and loan banks. Dealing with that crisis cost taxpayers about one hundred twenty-five billion dollars.And that's IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English, written by Brianna Blake. I'm Steve Ember5、This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.John McCain and Barack Obama held their second presidential debate this week. They took questions before a group of undecided voters in the style of a town hall meeting. As expected, many questions were about the economic crisis.Both senators voted for the seven-hundred-billion-dollar rescue or bailout plan signed into law a week ago. But the government's plan to buy bad debts in the financial system failed to calm world markets.As Tuesday's debate began, Senator Obama said "everybody knows now we are in the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression."BARACK OBAMA: "The middle class need a rescue package. That means tax cuts for the middle class. That means help for homeowners, so they can stay in their homes."Senator McCain announced that as president, he would order the Treasury secretary to buy up bad home loan mortgages. He says the government would renegotiate them to help people stay in their homes.JOHN McCAIN: "We all know, friends, until we stabilize home values in America, we are never going to start turning around and creating jobs and fixing out economy. We have to give some trust and confidence back to America."The final debate is Wednesday. The election is November fourth.John McCain has increased what the Obama campaign calls "angry, personal attacks." But opinion polls show that the issue of the economy continues to help the Democrats.Barack Obama was six points ahead of his Republican opponent in the national average on Friday. He was also ahead in Ohio and Florida, two important states that could still go either way. And he leads in Pennsylvania, another big battleground state.Senator Obama has rejected public campaign financing, so he has no limits on spending as much as he can raise.He plans a thirty-minute television advertisement on at least two national networks on October twenty-ninth. That is the anniversary of the Black Tuesday stock-market crash of nineteen twenty-nine.Campaign ads are usually thirty seconds long. The last candidate to buy a half-hour was independent Ross Perot in nineteen ninety-two.Robert Hardaway is a law professor at the University of Denver in Colorado. He says it makes sense for candidates to pour their efforts into states where the popular vote is close. These are the "battleground" states. The president is not decided, though, by who wins the popular vote, but instead by who wins the majority of electoral votes. Each state has as many votes in the Electoral College as it has members in Congress. The number is based on population.Most states award all their electoral votes to the winner of the popular vote. Maine and Nebraska award theirs by congressional district.To become president, a candidate needs at least two hundred seventy electoral votes. Polls show Barack Obama leading in electoral votes, though estimates change daily. He and John McCain could get two hundred sixty-nine each. If the vote is equal, the House of Representatives would decide the winner. America had an electoral tie in eighteen hundred. The House ended up choosing Thomas Jefferson over Aaron Burr.And that's IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English, written by Brianna Blake. I'm Steve Ember.6、This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.Leaders from the one hundred ninety-two members of the United Nations gathered in New York this week for the new General Assembly.A big subject, not surprisingly, was the financial crisis on Wall Street that has restricted the flow of credit. Friday, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown called for urgent action to calm financial markets. He also called for new international groups to supervise markets in the future.President Bush discussed his financial rescue plan in his eighth and final speech to the General Assembly on Tuesday. In that speech, he also urged the world community to unite against terrorism and the spread of nuclear weapons.President Bush said Iran is among the few remaining countries that support terrorism. And he said its nuclear program, along with that of North Korea, demands world attention. In his words: "We must not relent until our people are safe from this threat to civilization."Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad spoke a few hours later. He said Iran, like other countries, has a right to peaceful nuclear energy. He said a few world powers were "bullying" Iran through political and economic pressure.The Security Council has already passed three resolutions on Iran over its suspected nuclear weapons program. The five permanent council members and Germany met privately on Friday and agreed on a new resolution. The proposal does not include any new restrictions. Instead, it restates support for offering to help Iran if it halts uranium enrichment -- and to take additional steps if Iran refuses.Also at the United Nations this week, governments and private groups promised sixteen billion dollars to reduce poverty, hunger and disease worldwide. Diplomats said that was more than anyone had expected.Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called it "all the more remarkable because it comes against a backdrop of financial crisis."The new money is to meet U.N. goals to reduce poverty and improve education and health care in the developing world by two thousand fifteen. Three billion dollars will go to a new plan to end malaria in Africa by two thousand fifteen.World leaders also called for action on rising food and fuel prices and climate change.Among those urging greater action on global warming was the president of Sao Tome and Principe, Fradique Bandera Melo de Menezes. In the last ten years, he said, ocean waves have begun to flood coastal roads in his island nation off the coast of West Africa.And, on another subject, Iraqi President Jalal Talibani discussed security gains in Iraq. He said his government aims to take over security responsibilities for all of Iraq by the end of this year. He urged other nations to open diplomatic offices in Iraq. And he urged them to drop all sanctions and financial claims remaining from the days of Saddam Hussein.。
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Heart was one of the most popular r ock bands of the 1980s. The group is making a successful comeback with its new album, "Red Velvet Car."Heart's new album, "Red Velvet Car," entered the Billboard 200 at Number 10, and the Rock Albums chart at Number 3 to become the group's highest debut ever.Heart is led by sisters Ann and Nancy Wilson, who are now 60 and 57-years-old, respectively. They grew up in San Diego, California, and Taiwan before settling with their family in Seattle, Washington. Ann and Nancy b egan performing together in various bands in the 1960s. They formed Heart after moving to Canada in the early-'70s. The band's 1976 debut album, "Dreamboat Annie," sold more than one-million copies in the United States.Considered pioneers for women in rock, Heart's many hits during the 1980s included "What About Love," "Never" and "All I Wanna Do Is Make Love To You." They reached Number One with two songs, "These Dreams" and "Alone."Critical response to Heart's new album has been universally positive. Rolling Stone wrote, "The barracudas are back and at the top of their game." And, a music critic at said, "In the five years that I've b een writing these reviews, I have only given one perfect score.I hereby award the second on e to Heart for 'Red Velvet Car.'"Nancy wrote one track on the album as a birthday present for Ann. It's called "Sunflower."Heart appeared on the recent multi-artist Lilith Fair tour and is currently performing its own U.S. concerts to support "Red Velvet Car." The album's debut single marks the band's first chart hit since 2004. Here's Heart with "Hey You."2Advocates of liberal political positions have converged in the nation capital Saturday to express their concerns before Congressional elections in November. Many said they hoped Democrats will retain control of Congress, but that reform and change has been too slow since President Barack Obama took office last year.A drummer called on tens of thousands of protesters to converge onto the grounds of the Lincoln Memorial.Speeches took place around the National Mall, including one against war by a group called the United National Antiwar Committee.A group called Code Pink chanted "I like justice with my tea, but funding war is not for me", in reference to the anti-big government but mostly pro-military movement called the Tea Party.The conservative grassroots movement held their own march called 'Restoring Honor' at the same location several weeks ago. So-called Tea Party candidates have won several important primary opposition Republican elections, worrying both their Democratic Party competition in November as well as some members of the Republican Party establishment.Saturday's march for liberal principles was called 'One Nation'. Participant Lance Pyburn explained, saying "We have all these different people from all these different organizations coming out for this rally, and I think that it is really important for us to realize that we are one nation, we have one voice, and we just want really similar things to come about."Protesters said they wanted an end to U.S. military action in Iraq and Afghanistan, more government spending on job creation programs, renewable energy initiatives and public education, a new immigration law and more extensive health care reform than what the Democrats have been able to pass.Many wore tee-shirts of the unions they represented.A retired automobile industry worker from Detroit, Al Glaeyck, said he has beentrying to help Democratic candidates in the state of Michigan. "They are afraid. They think they are twenty points down. It will be an interesting thing to see but I think whoever wins, we fight on," he said.Another protester, Kimberly Greene, had some advice for President Obama. "He is trying to be a centrist and make sure the Democrats and Republicans get along," she said. "But I mean when we have the Republicans opposing you on everything you do, and the Democrats are not really proving that people can depend on them, that is why people are running to the Tea Party and back to the Republicans. Basically, in a nutshell he needs to stand up to them and let people know, 'hey, I can run this country, you do not need the Tea Party.'"Artist Gio Andollo sang peace songs under a tree as protesters filed by. He said he was neither a Republican, a Tea Party activist, nor a Democrat.Andollo said he was looking forward to another rally at the end of October, this one called the 'Rally to Restore Sanity'. It is being organized by U.S. televis ion comedian Jon Stewart, who says not just the loudest voices should be the ones being heard as the United States faces lingering war abroad and high unemployment and deficits at home3Middle East peace talks remain in crisis after a decision by the Palestinian leadership.Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas gathered leaders of the Palestine Liberation Organization in the West Bank to d iscuss Israel's decision to end a 10-month moratorium on settlement construction. The meeting ended with an ultimatum.Palestinian official Yasser Abed Rabbo said that peace talks cannot resume until Israel freezes all settlement activity. The statement accused Israel of obstructing negotiations that began last month after a 20-month break.The talks were thrown into crisis after Israel ended the building freeze a week ag o. U.S. envoy George Mitchell spent four days shuttling between Jerusalem and the West Bank this week, but failed to convince Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to extend themoratorium. Mr. Netanyahu is under pressure from his hawkish coalition partners to keep building.Israeli spokesman Mark Regev says the only place to address such disagreements is at the neg otiating table."The moratorium was designed as a confidence building measure to get the talks going," said Regev. "And the ta lks have started, and all the sensitive issues including the issue of settlement are on the ag enda in these talks."The Arab League is due to meet in Libya on Friday to make a final decision on whether the Palestinians should quit the peace talks. Until then, the United States will continue efforts to hammer out a compromise.4A rare performance by renowned A boriginal dancers marked the start of one of Australia's most important festivals of indigenous art. The unique dance of the Gurrir Gurrir people depicts events associated with a devastating tropical cyclone in 1974. The catastrophic event helped create one of Australia's most highly regarded indigenous art movements.The ceremony performed by the Gurrir Gurrir people remembers events surrounding Cyclone Tracy, which devastated Darwin in northern Australia. Aborigines saw the 1974 disaster as a warning from ancient spirits that their culture must not b e allowed to withe r and die in the face of European colonization.The spirits were said to have imparted new songs and dances aimed at maintaining the diversity of indigenous culture and the Warmun artistic tradition was born.It is based in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, home of the Gurrir Gurrir. Its artists a re renowned for their use o f natural ochre and pigments on canvas.For the first time, Warmun rituals have been performed in eastern Australia, at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. The galle ry over the next few days is hosting special events to showcase Aboriginal traditions.Hetty Perkins, a senior curator at the gallery, says the benefits of the Warmum art tradition have been immense."You know, we suffer from some of the worst health statistics, for instance, in any d eveloped nation in the world and art is for many of ourpeople the only form of income that's possible, particula rly in remote area communities," said Perkins. "It is really the only form - aside from welfare - that is coming into those communities, so it is absolutely a vital part of community life. But more than that, it is vital to the spiritual sustenance and well-being of our people."More than 200 years after European colonization began, Aborigines make up less than 2 percent of Australia's population, but suffer disproportionately high rates of ill-health, unemployment and imprisonment.Most Aborigines live in urban areas, where the effects of drugs and alcohol have d evastated families and communities.The government has spent millions of dollars addressing the chronic problems, yet still indigenous communities languish at the bottom of society. Although for some art has reignited cultural pride and provided economic independence5Scientists around the wor ld predict that climate change will have dramatic effects on agriculture in the coming decades. So, too, will pests and pesticides, the loss of species and the need to increase food pr oduction for a gr owing population. Researchers at the International Agr icultural Research Institute in Colombia are among those searching for solutions.Producer Zulima Palacio recently visited the institute, and also spoke to Colombian far mers. This is her second of two r eports from the South American nation.In the tropical mountains in Colombia, long-time coffee grower Nelson Moreno recently started planting cassava, because he says he needed to use expensive chemicals to get a decent harvest of coffee. "The weather has changed too much. It is hard to live with this h eat," Moreno said.Nearby farmer Zoraida Mosquera agrees. She says hotter temperatures damage many harvests, including coffee. "At the cooperative, they buy it as the lowest quality."Not far away, farmer Elias Claros Paz says higher temp eratures are not the only problem. "We used to plant tomatoes, but we s topped because of pests. In order to get a harvest we had to spray seven and eight times with the most toxic chemicals."Scientists say the combination of higher temperatures and single crops over extended periods increases problems with pests. E rickFernandes, an adviser on climate change at the World Bank in Washington, says pests and the growing use of insecticides are not good for the land or for water sources. "Local observation suggests that as p art of the extreme events, p est and invasive species are increasing," he said.?At the International Center for Tropical Ag riculture, or CIAT, in Cali, scientist Andy Jarvis is in charge of the climate change and policy program. He says at CIAT, scientists are working on crop improvement, mostly through genetic modifications "For example, bean s are quite sensitive to heat and drought and so we have been looking at different scenarios of the typ es of gen es that we can be putting into th ose crops so they can adapt to the future challenges."But Erick Fernandes at the World Bank says not everybody likes geneticaly modified crops, and other options must be considered. "Just by management alon e you can probably increase your adapted capacity of that crop, several fold," he said.Fernandes says creating shaded areas, crop rotation and maintaining the environmental balance could g reatly mitigate the effects of climate change.Both Fernandes and Jarvis say increasing population represents the most serious challenge. "The real issue is not if we can p roduce more food but we have to produce 50 to 70% more food to address global population increase." Jarvis said.And both say more needs to be done. "I think agriculture needs to assume a much higher p rofile in the discussions related to climate change. Just tackling forest or just tackling global warming is not going to do it unless we bring together the agricultural dimensions into that," Fernandes said."Every year that we don't address the issue, the issue is getting bigger and more costly to address later," Jarvis said.The International Center for Tropical Agriculture also is conducting research in Af rica and Asia and has begun a large multi-million dollar program to adapt global agriculture to climate change.。