英语

vocabulary
I
1. 1) on balance 2) resist 3) haul 4) wicked 5) illustrated 6)
buget 7) lowering 8) boundary 9)involved
10) economic 11) blasting 12) just about
2. 1) cut back/down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through 5) face up
to 6) turn to 7) making up for 8) think up
3. 1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself
astronomy 2) often generate misleading thoughts 3) attach
great importance to combining theory with practice in our work 4) be suspected of doing everything for money
5) before he gets through life
4. 1) their indoor, a profit, to invest in 2) device, the improvement, on a
global scale
3) stacked, temptation, never dined out
II. Confusable Words
1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household
2. 1) doubt 2)
suspect 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect
III. Word Formation
1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows, whys 6)
upped 7)yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. Text-related
1) get by 2) temptation 3) get through 4) improvements 5) aside
from 6) suspect 7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking
2. Theme-related
1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit 4) world 5) tough 6) fuels 7)
provide 8) luxuries 9) balance 10) ideals
II. Translation
1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly
minor.
2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people
of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my
upbringing at that point.
3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they
can be sold to children.
4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the
newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.
5. When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles
from many newspapers and magazines around the
world.
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.
But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expense. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision
of a better life.
Writing assignment
Directions: Write an essay on the topic “How Do I Manage My Money?” based on the following outline given in Chinese with no less than 120
words.
1. 学生进大学面临的一个紧迫问题就是如何理财
2. 谈谈我是如何理财的
Keywords：aside from; living allowance; make up the difference; supplement; be self-denial; as a saying goes; a piece of cake; budget; in
case of rainy days; make ends meet
illustrate, exemplify & demonstrate这三个词都是动词，都有“举例说明”之意。

illustrate表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画，目的是使说明生动、逼真或有效，从而真实地说明某一观点。

e.g. The way that a pump works is used to illustrate how the heart
sends blood around the body.
exemplify可用于举例说明某一笼统、抽象的陈述，也可用于举出某事
物的典型或范例。

e.g. Knights exemplified courage and courtesy. (武士们是勇敢与礼
貌的榜样。

)
demonstrate表示用充足且可靠的证据证实某一学术观点或结论，也可
用于说明人或事。

boundary: 1) edge e.g. the ~ between the US and
Canada draw a ~ ~ line
2) wall/fence e.g. staying within the ~ of the old city
walls
3) limit e.g. the boundaries of human knowledge
: field, limit, edge, bound
10. generate: produce or create sth.
e.g. ~ new ideas, ~ new jobs, ~ electricity
11. aside from (American English)= apart from (British English)
e.g. The essay is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes.
They were going to have other expenses, aside from the
school fees.
cf: except for, besides, apart from, in addition to
12. set aside: to keep sth., esp. money or time, for a special purpose
and only use it for that purpose
e.g. set aside an hour each day for learning new vocabulary, set
aside a room for visitors
cf: put aside
13. cut back: cut back sth; cut back on sth
e.g. The government has cut back on defense spending.
cf: cut across, cut away, cut back, cut down, cut in, cut into, cut
off, cut on, cut out
14. combine: ~ sth with sth
e.g. None of us has much money so let’s ~ what we’ve got.
cf: connect … with…, connect with
15. suspect: ~ sb./sth. of sth/doing sth; ~ that
e.g. I suspect that there was something wrong with the engine.
He had ~ed her of lying for some time.
cf: doubt sb., doubt that/whether/if, doubt about/of suspect, assume & presume这几个词都可用作动词，都有“主观想象”
之意
suspect 意思是“猜想”、“觉得会”、“有点感觉到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。

另外，该词有“怀疑”、“怀
疑某人有…罪”之意。

e.g. We suspected that he was lost, even before we were told.
He is suspected of murdering that old lady.
assume 意思是“假定”、“设想”，指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真
理。

e.g. He assumed that the train would be on time.
presume也有“假定”、“设想”的意思，但它指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉认为某事属实，虽然还没有确凿的证
据。

e.g. The court presumed the death of the man who disappeared
during the war.
法庭假定那个在战争中失踪的人已死亡。

16. budget: 1) n. a plan of how a person or organization will spend
the money that is available in a particular period of
time, or the money itself
e.g. We have to keep within a tight ~. The defence ~ was
still growing.
Collocation: draw up a ~ 制定预算submit a ~ 提交一项预算
报告
balance a ~ 平衡预算exceed a ~ 超出预算
cut/reduce a ~ 减少预算
a household/ municipal/federal/national ~ 家庭收支/
市政/联邦/国家预算
2) v. to carefully plan and control how much you spend
e.g. We’ve ~ed for a new car next year.She’s learned how to
~ her time carefully.
17. involve: 1) cause to take part in (usu. used in the pattern: ~ sb. in
sth./doing sth.)
e.g. I prefer teaching methods that actively ~ students in learning.
2) include by necessity
e.g. The second accident ~d two cars and a lorry. What exactly
does the job ~?
18. scale: (usu. used in the phrase: on a certain/small/large ~)
e.g. There has been housing development on a massive ~ since
2000.
19. temptation: 1) a strong desire to have or do sth even though you
know should not
e.g. He had a ~ to cheat in the exam.
2) sth. that makes you want to have or do sth, even
though you know you should not
e.g. Having candy in the house is a great ~.
Collocation: overcome ~ 克服诱惑resist ~ 抵制诱惑
be exposed to ~ 受到诱惑face ~ 面临诱惑
place/put ~ in sb.’s way 让某人受诱惑
20. device: e.g. She invented a ~ that automatically closes windows
when it rains.
cf: device, instrument & implement这几个词都可用作名词，都有“用
具”、“器具”之意。

device表示“（为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置、器具”。

e.g. I have fitted a device to my car which opens the garage doors
automatically.
instrument表示“器械”、“仪器”、“（发动机或航海、航空等的）测量仪器”、“仪表”，表示为技术工作设计的
工具，着重于工具的精密与复杂。

e.g. All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.
implement指“工具”、“器具”，常指用于户外如园艺或农用的工具。

e.g. Man’s earliest implements were carved from stone and bone.
人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头凿刻而成。

21. profit: n.1) money gained by business
e.g. He sold his house at a profit.他以获利价出售了他的房子。

2) advantage gained from some action
e.g. I have read this book with profit.
Collocation: clear/earn/make/turn a profit获得利润divide
profits分红利
a clear/net profit净利 a gross
profit毛利，总利润
poor profits薄利 small profits and quick returns薄利多销
at a profit获利地、有利可图地
cf: advantage常指有利条件或优势地位。