高译教育-北京第二外国语学院考研真题812综合考试(英2)答案2009
2009年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解)
2009考研英语（二）真题及答案解析Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth ofthe economies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including china and India, home to a third of the world's population 27 rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, andare willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33 , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany.35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade witha booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the springof 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A. for B. from C. across D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out ofthe 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law. Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has beenparticularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree? A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in heraddress book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power",based on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to "hardpower",based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved,but as it isdifficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved."In short,hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasison hard power is becoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.But that does not meancoercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers toLead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls”smart power”,is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently,the “transformational leadership pattern”.Anone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuableservice in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies andtheories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate. Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader whothrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimatelythat is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea ofhard power is ______.A.well accepted by Joseph NyeB.very influential till nowadaysC.based on sound theoriesD.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A.Coercion is widespread.B.Morality is devalued.C.Power is no longer concentrated.D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.A.authorityB.contextC.approachesD.morality54.Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A.makes little use of management termsB.summarizes various studies conciselyC.serves as an exit for leadership researchersD.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies inhis _____.A.view of changeable leadershipB.definition of good leadershipC.summary of leadership historyD.discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other strugglestest those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedlyflawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3)probablymeans_______.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisPart Ⅳ TranslationWith the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financialcrisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.Section Ⅲ Translation 46. Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points) Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do --- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions? Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction , but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.小作文真题：suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/hera letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe"大作文真题：write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments you should write at least 150 wrods write your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)2009考研英语（二）真题及答案解析（4）2014-04-22 07:14:48 | 中国研究生招生信息网答案SECTION 221-30 CDDBC BDABA31-40 BADDA BACACSECTION 341-50 BBAAC CCBCC51-60 DCABD CAAACSECTION 4由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注. 银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济. 抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险. 金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period ofunsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He‟d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin‟t go well. “It was a really had move because that‟s not my passion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, …Just wait, you‟ll trun the corner, give it some time.‟”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
2009年北京第二外国语学院812综合考试(英2)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2009年北京第二外国语学院812综合考试（英2）真题及详解Part One英美社会文化(50分)I. T ell what you know about the following expressions. (30 points/3 points each)(1) Blues答案：Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre created within the African-American communities in the Deep South of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The blues form which is ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll is characterized by the use of specific chord progressions — the twelve-bar blues chord progressions being the most frequently encountered — and the blue note that for expressive purposes are sung or played flattened or gradually bent in relation to the pitch of the major scale.(2) Super Bowl答案：The Super Bowl has been the championship game of the National Football League (NFL), the premier association of professional American football, since 1967. Inmost years, the Super Bowl is the most-watched American television broadcast. Many popular singers and musicians have performed during the event’s pre-game and halftime ceremonies. The day on which the Super Bowl is played is now considered a de facto American national holiday, called Super Bowl Sunday. Super Bowl Sunday is the second-largest day for U.S. food consumption, after Thanksgiving Day.(3) Yellowstone National Park答案：Yellowstone National Park, established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872, is a national park located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, though it also extends into Montana and Idaho. The Yellowstone was the first national park in the world, and is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful Geyser, one of the most popular features in the park. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is dominant.(4) Montgomery bus boycott答案：The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, USA, intended to oppose the city’s policy of racial segregation on its public transit system, lasted from December 1, 1955, when RosaParks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to December 20, 1956 when a federal ruling took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional. The boycott resulted in a crippling financial deficit for the Montgomery public transit system, because the city’s black population who were the drivers of the boycott were also the bulk of the system’s ridership. This boycott is believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement in 1960s.(5) Counterculture答案：Counterculture: In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a phenomenon that historians called the “counter culture”. The Counter Culture rejected capitalism and other American principles. They had morals different from those taught by their parents. Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life. Among the most famous were the Hippies. It was rock music in particular, that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural assault on traditional American society. The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social moral, marriage, career, and success.(6) Affirmative Action Programs答案：An affirmative action program is a management tool designed to ensure equal employment opportunity, and includes those policies, practices, and procedures that the Laboratory implements to ensure that all qualified applicants and employees are receiving an equal opportunity for recruitment, selection, advancement, training, development, and every other term, condition, and privilege of employment. A central premise underlying affirmative action is that absent discrimination, over time an employer’s workforce, generally, will reflect the gender, racial, and ethnic profile of the labor pools from which the employer recruits and selects.(7) Three Faiths in the US答案：Three Faiths in the US: By the 1950’s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestants, Catholic and Jewish. In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next to the Protestants and the Jewish are the smallest among the three groups.(8) The Bill of Rights答案：The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to theConstitution in 1791. It was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assemble and petition, freedom from unreasonable searches, the right to own weapons, and so on.(9) Puritanism答案：Puritanism: It tends be identifies to some extent with the ideal of “Establishment”. The older and larger Protestant groups tend to attract people who have secure personal prosperity. Main Protestant denominations are Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Unitarians, Society of Friends and Salvation Army.(10) Benjamin Franklin答案：Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania. He was an early proponent of colonial unity. As a diplomat during the American Revolution, he secured the French alliance that helped to makeindependence of the United States possible.II. Write a short essay of about 150 words of the 2008 US presidential election and comment on this election. (20 points)答案：The 56th quadrennial United States presidential election was held on November 4, 2008. T he American public’s desire for change was key issues throughout the campaign, and during the general election campaign, both major party candidates ran on a platform of change and reform in Washington. Domestic policy and the economy eventually emerged as the main themes. Democrat Barack Obama, then junior United States Senator from Illinois, defeated Republican John McCain, the senior United States Senator from Arizona.There were several unique aspects of the 2008 election. The election was the first in which an African American was elected President, and the first time a Roman Catholic was elected Vice President (Joe Biden). It was also the first time two sitting senators ran against each other. The 2008 election was the first in 56 years in which neither an incumbent president nor a vice president ran. It was also the first time the Republican Party nominated a woman for Vice President (Sarah Palin). Voter turnout for the 2008 election was the highest in at least 40 years.Part Two翻译(50分)I. 英译汉(25分)。
北二外北京第二外国语学院812综合考试(英2)2020真题带答案试卷试题
机密★启用前北京第二外国语学院2020年硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试科目：812 综合考试（英2）满分：150分考试说明：请考生将答案写在指定答题纸上，若答在试卷上，则该科成绩无效。
请完成Part One的全部题目，在Part Two请选答国际商务英语、跨文化研究或英语教育方向的题目，只需要选答一个方向的题目。
Part One Basic Knowledge（90 Points）I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points / 1 point each)Directions: There are 30 multiple choice questions in this part. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best answers the question and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.Which of the following started the New Deal?A.Franklin RooseveltB. J.F. KennedyC.George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson2.The United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of land area and the sizeof population.A.secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth3.Which of the following has extolled the virtues of farmers?A.Thomas JeffersonB. Alexander HamiltonC. Adam SmithD. Eli Whitney4.The United States produces as much as half of the world’s ______.A.cottonB. tobacco and vegetable oilC. wheat and riceD. soybeans and corn5.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a goodfortune must be in want of a wife”. This sentence is taken from _________.A.Pride and PrejudiceB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane EyreD. Sense and Sensibility6.The pursuit of ________ is approved of repeatedly and affectionately inWhiteman’s poems.A. independence and libertyB. love and happinessC. social reform and innovationD. logic and reason7.“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewedand digested.” This sentence is taken from _________.A.Edgar Allen PoeB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. Francis Bacon第1 页共8 页。
2009年北京航空航天大学二外英语考研真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年北京航空航天大学二外英语考研真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4.1．Come and have dinner with us this evening, ______?A．do youB．will youC．won’ t youD．don’ t you正确答案：B解析：此句为祈使句，一般在句尾加will you或won’t you构成反意疑问句，用will you多表示请求；用won’t you多表示提醒对方注意。
此句为请求，故用will you。
2．Despite the wonderful acting, the______ movie could not hold our attention.A．three-hoursB．three-hourC．three-hours’D．three-hour’s正确答案：B解析：数词和名词一起做定语时，如中间有连字符，名词后不加s，也不需要用所有格；如名词后加s，中间则不加连字符，且后面应用所有格；题中“一部三小时的电影”可有两种表达方式：a three-hour movie和a three hours’movie。
3．I have kept the portrait______I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days.A．whichB．whereC．whetherD．when正确答案：B解析：句意：我把那副画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为他总是让我想起上大学的那些日子。
空缺处需要的是连词引出地点状语从句，表示画像放置的位置，因此答案是where。
4．______the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A．BelievingB．having believedC．BelievedD．Being believed正确答案：A解析：句意：由于许多人相信地球是平的，所以他们担心哥伦布会从地球的边缘处摔下去。
北京第二外国语学院2009年二外日语考研真题
北京第二外国语学院2009年二外日语考研真题一、次の漢字言葉の読み方をそれぞれのA ~Cの中から一つ選び、記号で答えなさい。
（1 "0=10点）1.海老 (A.えび B.かいろう Cえび）2.役割 (A.やくわれ B.やくわりC.やきわり）3.派手 (A.はて B.ばで cはで）4.雑談 (A.ざったん B.ざったんC.ざつだん）5.大幅 (A.だいふくB.おおはば C.おおふく）6.冗談 ( A.じょうだん B.じょうたん C.じょだん）7.税金裞锦. (A.ぜいきん B.ずいきん C.ぜいがね）8.梅雨 (A.まいゆB.ぱいゆ C.つゆ）9.翌日 (A.よくにち B.よくじつC.しょにち）10.瀬戸内海 (A.せとうみ B.らいこかい C.せとないかい)二、次の中国語を日本語の外来語に訳しなさレ(1xl0=10点）1.幽黙2.青椒3.菠萝4.郁金香5.加油站6.音乐会 1.平衡 8.空姐 9.播音员 10.冰激凌三、次のA ~Dの中から適当なものを選び、記号で答えなさ(1x10-10点）1.10.1. 間違いを (A.直す B.出す C.ある D.なる）2. 電気が (A.する B-消すcだす D.点滅する）3. 高齡化が (A.変える B.進める C.進む D. 変わる）4. 負担か' (A,する B.なる C.やる D.重くなる）5. 精度が( A.高まる B.増やす C.する D.見る）6. 才能を (A.与える B.ある C.する D.発揮する）7. 動きを (A.出る B.出す C.止める D.する）8. 費用を (A.いう B-賄う C.あるD.増える）9. 三倍に(A.いく B.する C.ふえる D. くる）10.苦情が(A.通う B.殺到するc言う D.訴える）四の所に何を入れるか番ぃいものを一つ選びなさい。
記号でA-L の中から答えること。
（1 xlO-10点）A.までにB.どんどんC.しとしととD.めったにE.わざとF.わざわざG.わずか RなんとかLいまに J.しょっちゅう K.とりわけ L大いに1.日本では北海道を除いて、6月から7月にかけて、每日のように雨か' 降っています。
2009年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析(原MBA)
2009 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明文，摘自2008 年 6 月26 日The New York Times。
文章主要介绍了世界石油价格的变化的原因以及给世界带来的改变。
第一段主要介绍了近年来石油价格的上涨以及其背后的原因。
第二、三段主要介绍了石油价格的改变对国家相互之间的关系带来的影响。
第四、五段分别具体的介绍了世界石油价格的变化给德国与美国来带的影响。
二、试题分析1.【答案】C【解析】本题主要考查词义辨析和熟词生义，A 项come，B 项gone，D 项arrived 都表示“到，到达”的含义。
C项cross 意为“穿过”，这里是引申含义“突破”。
这句话指“价格已经突破100 美元每桶”，与上文的“16 美元一桶”做比较。
2.【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词与介词词组的搭配。
解题重点在于空后面的一个介词词组from …to…表示一个范围。
A 项covered 意为“覆盖”一般指地理范围；B 项discovered 发现；C 项arranged 安排；C 项D 项的动词都与介词词组搭配不合理。
D 项ranged 意为涉及的“范围延伸”。
与后面的from…to…搭配合理。
本句句意是：价格上涨的原因涉及从……到……，固定搭配range from A to B。
因此，选项D 正确。
3.【答案】D【解析】本题的解答要根据上下文来推理，四个选项中 A 项intensity 强度；B 项infinity；无穷大；C 项insecurity不安全；D 项instability 不安定，不稳定性。
后面说到了“伊拉克与尼日利亚的三角洲地区”，我们知道这两个地区的局势长期不稳定。
所以D 答案与此相符。
4.【答案】B【解析】本题考核的重点是与名词的搭配的相关动词，后面的宾语是一个名词结构，the economic and political做map 的定语，而of the world 做了map 的后置定语，所以中心词是map。
北京第二外国语学院812综合考试(英2)2020年考研专业课初试大纲
北京第二外国语学院2020年考研812综合考试（英2）考试大纲
一、适用的招生专业
外国语言学及应用语言学
二、考试的基本要求
《综合考试(英2)》一方面通过专业基础知识测试，考察考生在读、写、分析、评论等方面的英语语言运用能力以及逻辑思维能力;另一方面通过专业方向知识测
试学生在相关研究方向的知识积累。
《综合考试(英2)》考试涵盖英语语言文学专业所开设的英美文学、英美社会文化、语言学知识，同时涉及商务英语专业所涉及的商务知识、跨文化研究所涉及的跨文化知识以及英语教育方向的教学法等基本内容，报考不同方向的学生可以根据报考方向不同选择不同的考试内容。
三、试卷结构
《综合英语2》包含专业基础知识和专业方向知识两部分，分别是专业基础知识和专业方向知识，其中专业基础知识90分，专业方向知识60分，考生可以按照不同专业方向选答不同题目。
第一部分专业基础知识(90分)
1. 基础知识选择题 (30分)
2. 阅读及翻译题(30分)
3. 英语写作 (就所给话题写出一篇500字左右的作文)(30分)
第二部分专业方向知识 (60分)
1. 简答题 (20分)
2. 论述题 (40分)
四、考试的主要内容与要求
1. 要求考生能了解英美文学的基本知识以及语言学的基础知识，要求考生掌
握英语国家的基本概况以及英语国家社会文化中的重要历史事件及人物。
【考研】2009年考研英语真题及答案
【考研】2009年考研英语真题及答案考研对于众多学子来说，是一场充满挑战和机遇的征程。
而考研英语作为其中的重要科目，其真题的研究对于备考具有至关重要的意义。
2009 年的考研英语真题，犹如一本承载着知识与智慧的厚重书籍，等待着我们去翻阅和解读。
在 2009 年考研英语的真题中，我们首先看到的是英语知识运用部分。
这一部分主要考查考生对词汇、语法等基础知识的掌握和运用能力。
题目涵盖了词汇的辨析、固定搭配、语法结构等多个方面。
比如，有关于近义词的区分，要求考生在细微的语义差别中做出准确的选择；还有对复杂句子结构的理解，需要考生清晰地把握句子的逻辑关系，从而找到正确的答案。
阅读理解部分一直是考研英语的重点和难点。
2009 年的阅读理解文章题材广泛，涉及社会科学、自然科学、人文艺术等多个领域。
这些文章不仅在语言上具有一定的难度，更在思想深度和逻辑推理方面对考生提出了较高的要求。
考生需要在有限的时间内，快速阅读并理解文章的主旨大意，捕捉关键信息，同时还要能够对文中的观点进行分析和判断。
新题型部分也是颇具特色。
无论是排序题、小标题匹配题还是段落填空，都考验着考生对文章整体结构和逻辑关系的把握。
这要求考生具备较强的综合分析能力和对语言的敏感度，能够在不同的题型中灵活运用解题技巧。
翻译部分则对考生的语言转换能力进行了考查。
考生需要将给定的英语句子准确、通顺地翻译成汉语，这不仅需要扎实的词汇和语法基础，还需要对中英两种语言的表达方式和文化背景有一定的了解。
写作部分包括小作文和大作文。
小作文通常是应用性的文体，如书信、通知等，考查考生在实际情境中的语言运用能力。
大作文则更注重考生的观点表达、论证能力和语言组织能力，要求考生能够用清晰、连贯的语言阐述自己的观点，并进行充分的论证。
接下来，我们来看一下 2009 年考研英语真题的答案。
对于每一道题目的答案，都有其背后的解题思路和依据。
在英语知识运用部分，答案的得出往往基于对词汇和语法的准确理解。
2009年北京第二外国语学院英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
2009年北京第二外国语学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.The history of English literature begins in the______century.（分数：2.00）A.7thB.6thC.5thD.4th2.______is often considered as the "poets" poet" because of his considerable influence on later poets.（分数：2.00）A.Edmund SpenserB.William ShakespeareC.Thomas WyattD.Ben Johnson3.The epic of Paradise Lost is based on the stories from______.（分数：2.00）A.The New TestamentB.The Old TestamentC.The Ancient Greek MythsD.The Ancient Roman Myths4.Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe?（分数：2.00）A.It is written in the autobiographical form.B.It is a record of Defoe"s own experience.C.Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island.D.It is set in the middle of the 17th century.5.From her novel we can deduce Jane Austen"s view of life is______.（分数：2.00）A.romanticB.sentimentalC.realisticD.pessimistic6.In______, common sense and moral propriety took the place of the principle of Romanticism and became the predominant preoccupation in literary works.（分数：2.00）A.RenaissanceB.the Elizabethan periodC.the gilded ageD.the Victorian period7.Sheridan is considered usually as a great______writer.（分数：2.00）edyB.tragedyC.essayD.short fiction8.The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at______.（分数：2.00）A.JamestownB.New YorkC.BostonD.Concord9.The first symbol of self-made American man is______.（分数：2.00）A.George WashingtonB.Washington IrvingC.Thomas JeffersonD.Benjamin Franklin10.American Renaissance started from______.（分数：2.00）A.PragmatismB.UtilitarianC.New England TranscendentalismD.the age of Realism11.The most influential novelist in Romantic period is______.（分数：2.00）A.Nathaniel HawthorneB.Edgar Allan PoeC.Emily DickinsonD.Fennimore Cooper12.______divides the 19th century into the age of Romanticism and Realism in American literature.（分数：2.00）A.The Spanish-American warB.The Civil WarC.WWID.WWII13.William Dean Howells explores the life of______Americans.（分数：2.00）A.lower-classB.upper-classC.working-classD.middle-class14.______addressed Ernest Hemingway and his peers as "the Lost Generation" which entitled a generation in the 1930s.（分数：2.00）A.Gertrude SteinB.William Dean HowellsC.Sherwood AndersonD.Henry James15.Catch-22 is a novel with outstanding .（分数：2.00）A.euphemismB.black humorC.allusionD.stream of consciousness二、名词解释(总题数：3，分数：6.00)16.art for art"s sake（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.self-reliance（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.the Jazz Age（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、分析题(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The following poem is written for the mourning of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.Read it and answer the questions:O Captain! My Captain!O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done; The ship has weather"d every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring.But O heart! Heart! Heart!O the bleeding drops of red!Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells;Rise up—for you theflag is flung—for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbon"d wreaths—for you the shores crowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! Dear father!This arm beneath your head;It is some dream that on the deckYou"ve fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;The ship is anchor"d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult, O shores! And ring, O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.（分数：4.00）(1).The writer of this famous poem is one of the most influential poets at the age of Romanticism. Can you give out his name and present his contribution in literature briefly? (3 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Can you enlist at least two major figures of speech used in this poem and illustrate their functions respectively? (8 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
北二外北京第二外国语学院811综合考试(英1)2020年考研真题带答案试卷试题
机密★启用前北京第二外国语学院2020年硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试科目：811综合考试（英1）满分：150分考试说明：1) 请将答案写在指定答题纸上，若答在试卷上，则该科成绩无效。
2) 英语语言文学专业、国际文化贸易（英语）专业考生选择语言学、英美文学、英美社会文化三部分作答；翻译学专业考生选择语言学、英美文学、翻译学三部分作答。
第一部分：语言学（50分）I. Multiple Choices (10 points / 1 point each)Directions: For each of the following ten unfinished statements, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement. Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.According to Saussure, a linguistic sign is composed of two sides: signifier andsignified. Between them, there is no natural connection. This feature of language is termed _________.A. arbitrarinessB. dualityC. creativityD. displacement2.The function of the sentence “Tornados usually occur on a hot, sticky day withsouth winds and an ominous sky.” is _________.A. phaticB. emotiveC. metalingualD. informative3.In the English sound system, there are 24 consonants such as _________.A. /dz/B. /ts/C. /tʃ/D. /dr/4.All the following aspects of speech are suprasegmental features except for_________.A. toneB. stressC. lengthD. intonation5.The word “brunch” is an example of _________ in terms of word formation.A. derivationB. blendingC. compoundD. invention6.The following sentences are tautologies except for _________.A. Circles are round.B. Uncles are male.C. Colorless ideas are green.D. Cats are felines.第1页共7页。
北二外语言学09真题
北京第二外国语学院2009年硕士研究生入学考试试卷I Complete each of the following statements. (5 points/1 point each)1. Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are notpresent (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as＿.2. The sound [p] can be described with " _________________ , bilabial, stop".3. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not makeone word different from another in meaning, are＿.4. Both semantics and _____________ investigate linguistic meaning, but they focus on differentaspects.5. If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all, it is＿linguists.II Determine if each of the following statements is true or false. (5 points/1 point each)1. The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are not always allophones of the same phoneme.2. The last sound of "sit" can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These differentrealizations of the same phoneme are not in complementary distribution.3. The sound [z]is shared by "boys" and "moves" as a common morpheme.4. Speech act theory was proposed by Grice.5. Phonology is language specific but phonetics is not.ⅢFulfill the following requirements. (15 points)1. Analyze the sentence "The boy chased the dog." by means of IC. (2)2. Tell whether each of the underlined parts is endocentric or exocentric. (2)a. He left because he was tired,b. the issue in question3. Give the phonetic term according to the following description: (1 )the sound made with tongue tip and the back of the alveolar ridge.4. Analyze the following dialogue with reference to CP: (2)A: I know you are a famous musician. Could you define music, please?B: Well, music is music. That′s it.5.Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair: (2)l) a. John's car is secondhand. b. John has a car.2) a. Mary helped Jane. b. Jane was helped by Mary.6. Classify the following pairs of antonyms. (2)even --- odd above---belowpresent --- absent arrogant --- humble7.Point out the commonness shared by the two sounds[d]and[n]. (2)8.Explain the notion of "root" used in morphology.(2)IV Answer each of the following questions briefly. (25 points/ 5 points each)1. How do you understand the distinction between langue and parole introduced by Saussure?2. How are the vowels described usually?3. How do you understand performative function of language?4. What is syntax?5. How do you understand arbitrariness?。
大学二外法语考研真题
2009年第二外国语大学二外法语考研真题北京第二外国语学院考试科目名称及代码：法语213 满分：100分考试说明：请将答案写在制定答题纸上，若达在试卷上，则该成绩无效。
I. Choisissez parmi les mots proposés.(15 points)1. Nathalie partira ______ une semaine.a. pendantb. enc.dans2. Il y a une soirée ce soir, nous allons______ assister.a. lab.yc. en3. Il pleut _____ deux jours.a. enb.dansc.depuis4. C’ est toi qui es la seule _____ l’ avoir vu.a. pourb.dec. à5. La banque a été attaquée _____ deux bandits.a. parb.dec.à6. Je me souviens de tout _____ tu m’ as parlé.a.ce queb. ce quic. ce bont7. Napoléon va voir sur la place où ____ est la construction de la colonne.a. yb. enc. à8. Je suis professuer. Ils _____ sont aussi.a. leb. enc. la9. Les ennemis se sont _______ sans conditions.a. rendub.rendusc. sur10. Cette pièce mesure cinq mètres _______ trois.a. àb. dansc. sur11. C’ est ________ qu’ on apprend à nager.a. en nageantb. nageantc. en nagant12. Je m’ occup de mes affaires, tu vas t’ occuper.a. des tiensb. des tiennesc. les tiennes13. S’ il était riche, il vous ______ de l’ argent.a. prêterab. prêtec. prêterait14. ___________ se passe ?a. Qui est-ce queb. Qu’ est-ce quic. Qui15. Il vaut mieux que vous _____ l’ avion.a. preniezb. prenezc. prendriez16. Le vaut mieux que vous ______ l’ avion.a. vintb. venantc. venait17.Il a tout vendu, _________ la voiture.a. y comprisb. y comprisec. comprenantII. Complétez avec un pronom relatif, précédé, s’ il y a lieu, d’une préposition. (10 points)1. La réunion ______________ il doit assister commence à huit heures.2. Les régions ___ _ _ ___ les catholiques sont en majorité se trouvent à l’ ouest.3. La régions fille ____________ je voulais te présenter est francaise.4. Voilà le keune homme _______ __ manque d’ expérience.5. Je lui ai posé une question _____________ elle ne savait plus comment répondre.III. Choisissez la bonne réponse. (10 points)1. (Ayant, Étant) marché longtemps, il a mal aux pieds.2. La fille (a sorti, est sortie) son cahier rapidement de son sac.3. La jeune femme est sortie (toute, tout) seule.4. S’ il pleut, nous(resterons, resterions) à la maison.5. Je vous écrirai une fois que nous(arriverons, serons arrivés) àParis.6. Son chien ne mange pas (n’ importe qui, n’ importe quoi).IV. Corrigez les fautes des phrases suivantes. ( 5 points )1. Il est dix heures et demies.2. Voilà la lettre qu’ il m’ a écrit.3. Le médecin ne le permet pasle café.V. Faites une phrase avec chacun des mots et expressions donnés. ( 5 points )1. manquer2. qui que3. séparerVI. Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses aux temps convenables. ( 15 points )J’ avais quatre ans. Quand ma mère _______________ (aller)_____________ (faire) les courses, elle me _______________ (laisser) dans la classe de mon père qui _____________ (apprendre) à_____________ (lire) à des garçons dde six ou sept ans. Je Il___________ (avoir) à la main une bahuette et il _______________ (écrire) des mots au tableau noir.-Non ! Ce n’ est pas vrai !Mon père me ________________ (regarder) et___________________ (demander) :-Qu’ est-ce que tu _____________________ (dire)?-Maman ne m’ a pas puni. Tu n’as pas bien écrit !-Voyons, voyons, a-t-il dit, est-ce que tu sais _________________ (lire) ?-Qui.-Voyons, voyons, répétat-il. Eh bien, ____________________ (lire) !VII. Traduisez les phrases suivantes en français. ( 20 points )1.我不知道他什么时候去北京。
大学二外法语考研真题
2009年第二外国语大学二外法语考研真题北京第二外国语学院考试科目名称及代码：法语213 满分：100分考试说明：请将答案写在制定答题纸上，若达在试卷上，则该成绩无效。
I. Choisissez parmi les mots proposés.(15 points)1. Nathalie partira ______ une semaine.a. pendantb. enc.dans2. Il y a une soirée ce soir, nous allons______ assister.a. lab.yc. en3. Il pleut _____ deux jours.a. enb.dansc.depuis4. C’ est toi qui es la seule _____ l’ avoir vu.a. pourb.dec. à5. La banque a été attaquée _____ deux bandits.a. parb.dec.à6. Je me souviens de tout _____ tu m’ as parlé.a.ce queb. ce quic. ce bont7. Napoléon va voir sur la place où ____ est la construction de la colonne.a. yb. enc. à8. Je suis professuer. Ils _____ sont aussi.a. leb. enc. la9. Les ennemis se sont _______ sans conditions.a. rendub.rendusc. sur10. Cette pièce mesure cinq mètres _______ trois.a. àb. dansc. sur11. C’ est ________ qu’ on apprend à nager.a. en nageantb. nageantc. en nagant12. Je m’ occup de mes affaires, tu vas t’ occuper.a. des tiensb. des tiennesc. les tiennes13. S’ il était riche, il vous ______ de l’ argent.a. prêterab. prêtec. prêterait14. ___________ se passe ?a. Qui est-ce queb. Qu’ est-ce quic. Qui15. Il vaut mieux que vous _____ l’ avion.a. preniezb. prenezc. prendriez16. Le vaut mieux que vous ______ l’ avion.a. vintb. venantc. venait17.Il a tout vendu, _________ la voiture.a. y comprisb. y comprisec. comprenantII. Complétez avec un pronom relatif, précédé, s’ il y a lieu, d’une préposition. (10 points)1. La réunion ______________ il doit assister commence à huit heures.2. Les régions ___ _ _ ___ les catholiques sont en majorité se trouvent à l’ ouest.3. La régions fille ____________ je voulais te présenter est francaise.4. Voilà le keune homme _______ __ manque d’ expérience.5. Je lui ai posé une question _____________ elle ne savait plus comment répondre.III. Choisissez la bonne réponse. (10 points)1. (Ayant, Étant) marché longtemps, il a mal aux pieds.2. La fille (a sorti, est sortie) son cahier rapidement de son sac.3. La jeune femme est sortie (toute, tout) seule.4. S’ il pleut, nous(resterons, resterions) à la maison.5. Je vous écrirai une fois que nous(arriverons, serons arrivés) àParis.6. Son chien ne mange pas (n’ importe qui, n’ importe quoi).IV. Corrigez les fautes des phrases suivantes. ( 5 points )1. Il est dix heures et demies.2. Voilà la lettre qu’ il m’ a écrit.3. Le médecin ne le permet pasle café.V. Faites une phrase avec chacun des mots et expressions donnés. ( 5 points )1. manquer2. qui que3. séparerVI. Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses aux temps convenables. ( 15 points )J’ avais quatre ans. Quand ma mère _______________ (aller)_____________ (faire) les courses, elle me _______________ (laisser) dans la classe de mon père qui _____________ (apprendre) à_____________ (lire) à des garçons dde six ou sept ans. Je Il___________ (avoir) à la main une bahuette et il _______________ (écrire) des mots au tableau noir.-Non ! Ce n’ est pas vrai !Mon père me ________________ (regarder) et___________________ (demander) :-Qu’ est-ce que tu _____________________ (dire)?-Maman ne m’ a pas puni. Tu n’as pas bien écrit !-Voyons, voyons, a-t-il dit, est-ce que tu sais _________________ (lire) ?-Qui.-Voyons, voyons, répétat-il. Eh bien, ____________________ (lire) !VII. Traduisez les phrases suivantes en français. ( 20 points )1.我不知道他什么时候去北京。
北京第二外国语学院外国语言学及应用语言学考研真题及参考书
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北京第二外国语学院 2012 年攻读硕士学位研究生参考书目 北京第二外国语学院咨询电话：（010）82885878 陈老师：1275181476@ 陆老师：1398338755@
北京第二外国语学院 2012 年攻读翻译硕士专业学位研究生专业目录 单位名称：北京第二外国语学院 单位代码：10031 培养单位：日语学院 邮政编码：100024 地址：北京市朝阳区定福庄南里 1 号 电话：（010）65778437
才思教育考研考博全心全意
02 英语教学研究： Jeremy Harmer. How to Teach English, Addison Wesley Longman Limited. (1998). 外语教学与研究出版社，2000 年。 03 跨文化交际： 《实用文本汉译英》，方梦之，青岛出版社，2003 年。 同时注意阅读近期《中国翻译》、《中国科技翻译》、《上海翻译》等学术期刊论文及翻译习题。
专业学位类别名 专业领域名称 招生人 马克思主义理
外国语
称/代码
/代码
数 论课
业务课考试 业务课考试科目
科目一
二
翻译硕士 0551
日语笔译 05 15
5105 日语口译 05
15 5106
101 思想政 213 翻译硕 359 日语翻译 448 汉语写作与百
治理论
士日语
基础
科知识
备注：翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生注意事项 1. 报考条件、报名手续、考试安排 以上三项均与全国硕士研究生入学考试相关规定、安排相同。 2. 学制 翻译硕士专业学位研究生学习期限为脱产 2 年。 北京第二外国语学院 2012 年攻读工商管理硕士、旅游管理硕士专业学位研究生专业目录 单位名称：北京第二外国语学院 单位代码：10031 培养单位：旅游管理学院 邮政编码：100024 地址：北京市朝阳区定福庄南里 1 号 电话：（010）65778472
北京外国语大学考研基础英语真题2009年.doc
北京外国语大学考研基础英语真题2009年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)ⅠAThe Perils of EfficiencyThis spring, disaster loomed in the global food market. Precipitous increases in the prices of staples like rice (up more than a hundred and fifty percent in a few months) and maize provoked food riots, toppled governments, and threatened the lives of tens of millions. But the bursting of the commodity bubble eased those pressures, and food prices, while still high, have come well off the astronomical levels they hit in April. For American, the drop in commodity prices has put a few more bucks in people"s pockets; in much of the developing world, it may have saved many from actually starving. So did the global financial crisis solve the global food crisis? Temporarily, perhaps. But the recent price drop doesn"t provide any long-term respite from the threat food shortages or future price spikes. Nor has it reassured anyone about the health of the global agricultural system, which the crisis revealed as dangerously unstable. Four decades after the Green Revolution, and after waves of market reforms intended to transform agricultural production, we"re still having a hard time insuring that people simply get enough to eat, and we seen to be vulnerable to supply shocks than ever.It wasn"t supposed to be this way. Over the past two decades, countries around the world have moved away from their focus on "food security" and handed market forces a greater role in shaping agricultural policy. Before the nineteen-eighties, developing countries had so-called "agricultural marketing boards", which would buy commodities from farmers at fixed prices (prices high enough to keep farmers farming), and then store them in strategic reserves that could be used in the event of bad harvests or soaring import prices. But in the eighties and nineties, often as part of structural-adjustment programs imposed by the I.M.F. or the World Bank, many marketing boards were eliminated or cut back, and grain reserves, deemed inefficient and unnecessary, were sold off. In the same way, structural-adjustment programs often did away with government investment in and subsidies to agriculture—most notably, subsidies for things like fertilizers and high-yield seeds.The logic behind these reforms was simple: the market would allocate resources more efficiently than government, leading to greater productivity. Farmers, instead of growing subsidized maize and wheat at high cost, could concentrate on cash crops, like cashews and chocolate, and use the money they made to buy staple foods. If a country couldn"t compete in the global economy, production would migrate to countries that could. It was also assumed that, once governments stepped out of the way, private investment would flood into agriculture, boosting performance. And international aid seemed a more efficient way of relieving food crises than relying on countries to maintain surpluses and food- security programs, which are wasteful and costly.This "marketization" of agriculture has not, to be sure, been fully carried through. Subsidies are still endemic in rich countries and poor, while developing countries often place tariffs on imported food, which benefit their farmers but drive up prices for consumers. And in extreme circumstance countries restrict exports, hoarding food for their own citizens. Nonetheless, we clearly have a leaner, more market-friendly agriculture system than before. It looks, in fact, a bit like global manufacturing, with low inventories (wheat stocks are at their lowest since 1977), concentrated production (three countries provide ninety percent of corn exports, and five countries provide eighty percent of rice exports,) and fewer redundancies. Governments have amuch smaller role, and public spending on agriculture has been cut sharply.The problem is that, while this system is undeniably more efficient, it"s also much more fragile. Bad weather in just a few countries can wreak havoc across the entire system. When prices spike as they did this spring, the result is food shortages and malnutrition in poorer countries, since they are far more dependent on imports and have few food reserves to draw on. And, while higher prices and market reforms were supposed to bring a boom in agricultural productivity, global crop yields actually rose less between 1990 and 2007 than they did in the previous twenty years, in part because in many developing countries private-sector agricultural investment never materialized, while the cutbacks in government spending left them with feeble infrastructures. These changes did not cause the rising prices of the past couple of years, but they have made them more damaging. The old emphasis on food security was undoubtedly costly, and often wasteful. But the redundancies it created also had tremendous value when things went wrong. And one sure thing about a system as complex as agriculture is that things will go wrong, often with devastating consequences. If the just-in-time system for producing cars runs into a hitch and the supply of cars shrinks for a while, people can easily adapt. When the same happens with food, people go hungry or even starve. That doesn"t mean that we need to embrace price controls or collective farms, and there are sensible market reforms, like doing away with import tariffs, that would make developing-country consumers better off. But a few weeks ago Bill Clinton, no enemy of market reform, got it right when he said that we should help countries achieve "maximum agricultural self-sufficiency". Instead of a more efficient system. We should be trying to build a more reliable one.（分数：18.00）(1).What can be learned from the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Global financial crisis destabilized governments.B.Food riots resulted from skyrocketing food bills.C.Financial crisis worsened food crisis.D.Food prices surged by 150% in April.(2).The food crisis revealed the global agricultural system as ______.（分数：3.00）A.fragileB.unresponsiveC.costlyD.unbearable(3).According to the third paragraph, structural-adjustment programs ______.（分数：3.00）A.were designed to cope with poor harvestsB.were introduced as part of "market forces" policiesC.removed price controls and state subsidiesD.encouraged countries to focus on food security(4).The marketization of agriculture probably means ______.（分数：3.00）A.private investment floods into agricultureB.market forces provide efficiency to agricultureC.agricultural policy works with the free market systemD.agricultural production is free from government intervention(5).Which of the following is NOT a feature of the existing agricultural system?（分数：3.00）A.Reduced government spending.B.Concentrated production.C.Self-sufficiency.D.Low wheat stocks.(6).In the last paragraph, the underlined words "the redundancies" probably refer to ______.（分数：3.00）A.high-yield seedsB.grain reservesC.cash cropsD.corn importsMinding the Inequality GapDuring the first 70 years of the 20th century, inequality declined and Americans prospered together. Over the last 30 years, by contrast, the United States developed the most unequal distribution of income and wages of any high-income country.Some analysts see the gulf between the rich and the rest as an incentive for strivers, or as just the way things are. Others see it as having a corrosive effect on people"s faith in the markets and democracy. Still others contend that economic polarization is a root cause of America"s political polarization. Could, and should, something be done?Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, two Harvard economists, think yes. Their book, The Race Between Education and Technology (Harvard, $39.95), contain many tables, a few equations and a powerfully told story about how and why the United States became the world"s richest nation — namely, thanks to its schools.The authors skillfully demonstrate that for more than a century, and at a steady rate, technological breakthroughs—the mass production system, electricity, computers—have been increasing the demand for ever more educated workers. And, they show, America"s school system met this demand, not with a national policy, but in grassroots fashion, as communities taxed themselves and built schools and colleges.Beginning in the 1970s, however, the education system failed to keep pace, resulting, Ms. Goldin and Mr. Katz contend, in a sharply unequal nation.The authors allow that a decline in union membership and in the inflation-adjusted minimum wage also contributed to the shift in who partook of a growing pie. But they rule the usual suspects — globalization (trade) and high immigration—as significant causes of rising inequality. Amid the current calls to restrict executive compensation, their policy prescription is to have more Americans graduate from college.If only it were that easy.The authors" argument is really two books in one. One offers an incisive history of American education, especially the spread of the public high School and the state university system. It proves to be an uplifting tale of public commitment and open access. The authors remind us that the United States long remained "the best poor man"s country". A place where talent could rise. The other story rigorously measures the impact of education on income. The authors" compilation of hard data on educational attainment according to when people were born is an awesome achievement, though not always a gripping read.They show that by the 1850s, America"s school enrollment rate already "exceeded that of any other nation". And this lead held for a long time. By 1960, some 70 percent of Americans graduated from high school—far above the rate in any other country. College graduation rates also rose appreciably.In the marketplace, such educational attainment was extremely valuable, but it didn"t produce wide economic disparity so long as more people were coming to the job market with education. The wage premium—or differential paid to people with a high school or a college education—fell between 1915 and 1950.But more recently, high school graduation rates flatlined at around 70 percent. American college attendance roses, though college graduation rates languished. The upshot is that while the average college graduates in 1970 earned 45 percent more than high school graduates, the differential three decades later exceeds 80 percent."In the first half of the century," the authors summarize, "education raced ahead of technology,but later in the century technology raced ahead of educational gains."Proving that the demand for and supply of educated workers began not in the time of Bill Gates but in the era of Thomas Edison is virtuoso social science. But wasn"t a slowdown in rising educational attainment unavoidable? After all, it"s one thing to increase the average years of schooling by leaps and bounds when most people start near zero, but quite another when national average is already high.The authors reject the idea that the United States has reached some natural limit in educational advances. Other countries are now at higher levels.What, then, is holding American youth back?The authors give a two-part answer. For one thing, the financial aid system is a maze. More important, many people with high school diplomas are not ready for college.The second problem, the authors write, is concentrated mostly in inner-city schools. Because the poor cannot easily move to better school districts, the authors allow that charter schools as well as vouchers, including those for private school, could be helpful, but more evaluation is necessary.Data on the effects of preschool are plentiful, and point to large returns on investment, so the authors join the chorus in extolling Head Start, the federal government"s largest preschool program.Providing more children with a crucial start, along with easier ways to find financial aid, are laudable national objectives. One suspects, though, that the obstacles to getting more young people into and through college have to do with knotty social and cultural issues.But assume that the author"s policies would raise the national college graduation rate. Would that deeply reduce inequality?Averages can be deceptive. Most of the gains of the recent flush decades have not gone to the college-educated as a whole. The top 10 or 20 percent by income have education levels roughly equivalent to those in the top 1 percent, but the latter account for much of the boom in inequality. This appears to be related to the way taxed have been cut, and to the ballooning of the financial industry"s share of corporate profits.It remains to be seen how a reconfigured financial industry and possible new tax policies might affect the 30-year trend toward greater inequality.In the meantime, it is nice to be reminded, in a data-rich book, that greater investments in human capital once put Americans collectively on top of the world.（分数：18.00）(1).when can be learned from the book entitled The Race Between Education and Technology ?（分数：3.00）A.The wage movements in the U.S. are dominated by swings in the demand for education-related skills.B.The American educational system is what made American the richest nation in the world.C.Technology raced ahead of education in the first half of the 20th century.D.American high school graduation rates leveled off at 80 percent in 1970.(2).Which of the following is considered a significant cause of rising inequality according to Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz?（分数：3.00）A.High immigration rates.B.Increased executive compensation.C.Reduced union rates.D.Stagnate college graduation rates.(3).What does the underlined word " laudable " mean?（分数：3.00）A.Reasonable.B.Achievable.C.Deserving praise.D.Worth trying.(4).Which of the following led to the slowdown in American educational advances in the last three decades of the 20th century?（分数：3.00）A.No easy access to financial aid.B.Overemphasis on preschool programs.C.A dramatic fall college enrollment rates.D.A rise in the number of poor school districts.(5).What does the author think of the book entitled The Race Between Education and Technology ?（分数：3.00）A.It is a research on human capital.B.It is intended for economists.C.It is a happy fireside read.D.It is rich in data.(6).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The demand for educated workers began in the era of IT.B.The pace of technological change has not been steady.C.America is not educating its citizens the way it used to.D.High school graduation rates peaked in the U.S. in 1950.BGeneration What?Welcome to the socio-literary parlor game of "Name That Generation."It all began in a quotation Ernest Hemingway attributed to his Paris patron, the poet and saloonkeeper Gertrude Stein. On the title page of his novel The Sun Also Rises, published in 1926, he quoted her saying to her circle of creatively disaffected writers, artists and intellectuals in the aftermath of World War I, "You are all a lost generation."In the cultural nomenclature after that, the noun generation was applied to those "coming of age" in an era. Anne Soukhanov, U.S. editor of the excellent Encarta dictionary, observes, "Young people"s attitudes, behavior and contributions, while being shaped by the ethos of, and major events during, their time, came in turn to represent the tenor of the time."Taking that complex sense of generation as insightful, we can focus on its modifier as the decisive word in the phrases built upon it. The group after the lost generation did not find its adjective until long after its youthful members turned gray. Belatedly given a title in a 1998 book by Tom Brokaw, the Greatest Generation (which had previously been called the G.I. Generation) defined "those American men and women who came of age in the Great Depression, served at home and abroad during World War Ⅱ and then built the nation we have today."That period, remembered as one characterized by gallantry and sacrifice, was followed by another time that was described in a sharply critical sobriquet: in 1951, people in their 20s were put down as the Silent Generation. That adjective was chosen, according to Neil Howe, author of the 1991 book Generations, because of "how quiescent they were during the McCarthy era.., they were famously risk-averse." The historian William Manchester castigated the tenor of youth in that era as "withdrawn, cautious, unimaginative, indifferent, unadventurous and silent." Overlapping that pejorative label time was the Beat Generation, so named by the writer Jack Kerouac in the "50s. Though the author later claimed his word was rooted in religious Beatitudes, it was described by a Times writer as "more than mere weariness, it implies the feeling of having been used, of being raw.., a sort of nakedness of mind."Now we"re up to the "70s, dubbed by Tom Wolfe in New York magazine in 1976 as the "me decade". That coinage led to the general castigation of young adults by their elders in that indulgent era as the Me Generation, preoccupied with material gain and "obsessed with self". It was notso silent, far from beat, but still, in its own grasping way, a generation lost.Then came the title denoting mystery of the demographically huge generation born from roughly 1946 to 1964—begun as the Baby-Boom Generation, but in its later years its younger members took on a separate identity: Generation X. That is the title of a 1991 book by Douglas Coupland; "It is an identity-hiding label," the generationist Howe tells my researcher Caitlin Wall, "of what is the generation with probably the weakest middle class of any of the other generation born in the 20th century." While most boomers proudly asserted their generational identity, "Xers" at first did not; now, however, most feel more comfortable with the label. It has been followed by Y and Z, but those are too obviously derivative, and the Millennial Generation—if narrowly defined as those beginning to come of age since 2000—has members still knee pants.THE JOSHUA GENERATIONU.S. presidents like to identify themselves with the zeitgeist inspiriting their electorate. "This generation of Americans." F.D.R. told the 1936 Democratic convention, "has a rendezvous with destiny," the final three words later evoked by both Lyndon Johnson and Ronald Reagan. John F. Kennedy, in his 1961 inaugural address, said, "The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage." Speaking in March 2007 mat a chapel in Selma, Ala., in commemoration of a bloody march for voting rights, Senator Barack Obama put forward a name for a new generation of African-Americans. After acknowledging "a certain presumptuousness" in running for president after such a short time in Washington, Obama credited the Rev. Otis Moss Jr. for writing him "to look at the Story of Joshua because you"re part of the Joshua generation".He noted that the "Moses generation" had led his people out of bondage but was not permitted by God to cross the river from the wilderness to the Promised Land. In the Hebrew Bible, it was Joshua, chosen by Moses to be his successor, who led the people across, won the battle of Jericho and established the nation. "It was left to the Joshuas to finish the journey Moses had begun," Obama said to the youthful successors to the aging leaders of the civil rights movements, "and today we"re called to be the Joshua of our time, to be the generation that finds our way across the river."Though the spirit of an age is best defined in retrospect, and religious allusion is not currently considered cool, the Joshua Generation—unlike all its era-naming predecessors—does have alliteration going for it.（分数：10.00）(1).The Greatest Generation is also referred to as "The Veterans".（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).William Manchester didn"t think highly of the Silent Generation.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).The Beat Generation is characterized as being obsessed with material gain.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).The Generation X follows the Baby-Boom Generation while the Generation Y precedes the Millennial Generation.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).The Moses Generation refers to American leaders who fought for never saw the "Promised land" of racial equality.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误CTV Can Be Good for YouTelevision wastes time, pollutes minds, destroys brain cells, and turns some viewers into murderers. 1 . But television has at least one strong virtue, too, which helps to explain its endurance as a cultural force. In an era when people often have little time to speak with one another, television provides replacement voices that ease loneliness, spark healthful laughter, and even educate young children.Most people who have lived alone understand the curse of silence, when the only sound is the buzzof unhappiness or anxiety inside one"s own head. Although people of all ages who live alone can experience intense loneliness, the elderly are especially vulnerable to solitude. For example, they may suffer increased confusion or depression when left alone for long periods but then rebound when they have steady companionship.A study of elderly men and women in New Zealand found that television can actually serve as a companion by assuming "the role of social contact with the wider world", reducing "feeling of isolation and loneliness because it directs viewers" attention away from themselves". 2 .The absence of real voices can be most damaging when it means a lack of laughter.3 . Laughter is one of the most powerful calming forces available to human beings, proven in many Studies to reduce heart rate, lower blood pressure, and ease other stress-related ailments. Television offers plenty of laughter for all kinds of viewers: the recent listing for a single Friday night included more than twenty comedy programs running on the networks and on basic cable between 6 pm and 9 pm.A study reported in a health magazine found that laughter inspired by television and video is as healthful as the laughter generated by live comedy. Volunteers laughing at a video comedy routine "showed significant improvements in several immune functions, such as natural killer-cell activity". 4 . Even for people with plenty of companionship, television"s replacement voices can have healthful effects by causing laughter.Television also provides information about the world. This service can be helpful to everyone but especially to children, whose natural curiosity can exhaust the knowledge and patience of their parents and caretakers. 5 . For example, educational programs such as those on the Discovery Channel, the Disney Channel, and PBS offer a steady stream of information at various cognitive levels. Even many cartoons, which are generally dismissed as mindless or worse, familiarize children with the material of literature, including strong characters enacting classic narratives. Two researchers studying children and television found that TV is a source of creative and psychological instruction, inspiring children "to play imaginatively and develop confidence and skills". Instead of passively watching, children "interact with the programs and videos" and "sometimes include the fictional characters they"ve met into reality"s play time". 6 .The value of these replacement voices should not be oversold. For one thing, almost everyone agrees that too much TV does no one any good and may cause much harm. Many studies show that excessive TV watching increases violent behavior, especially in children, and can cause, rather than ease, other antisocial behaviors and depression. 7 . Steven Pinker, an expert in children"s language acquisition, warns that children cannot develop language properly by watching television. They need to interact with actual speakers who respond directly to their specific needs. Replacement voices are not real voices and in the end do only limited good.But even limited good is something, especially for those who are lonely, angry, or neglected. Television is not an entirely positive force, but neither is it an entirely negative one. Its voices stand by to provide company, laughter, and information whenever they"re needed.A. In addition, human being require the give-and-take of actual interaction.B. While the TV may be baby-sitting children, it can also enrich them.C. Thus runs the prevailing talk about the medium, supported by serious research as well as simplebelief.D. Here, too, research shows that television can have a positive effect on health.E. Thus television"s replacement voices both inform young viewers and encourage exchange.F. Television can be a positive practical training ground for moral growth in a changing world.G. Thus television"s replacement voices can provide comfort because they distract from a focus on being alone.H. Further, the effects of the comedy were so profound that "merely anticipating watching a funny video improved mood, depression, and anger as much as two days beforehand."（分数：14.00）ⅡTechnology and Intellectual Property: Problems and SolutionsAccess to low-carbon technologies in the developing world does not mean doing away with Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). This has been the most emotive and appears the thorniest of issues. It should not be. 1 . The concerns of the developing world are principally about whether they will have access to technologies at fair or affordable prices, which are being pressed on them by the developed countries. The perceived issue may be hypothetical in many situations. Having no IPRs, or compulsory licensing—with the consequent risk of free-riding—is not the solution.2 . For most technologies, patents are not filed in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), because the small potential markets do not justify the cost of obtaining patents there . In such cases domestic companies are free to use the invention in that country, but not for expect to a country where there is patent protection. Therefore, LPRs are unlikely to be inhibiting within these LDCs. If LDC manufacturers are permitted—through compulsory licensing—to manufacture for sale in a country where there is patent protection (for commercial reasons), then it will damage the incentive structure that IPRs create and should not easily be permitted.3 . Companies generally sell at differentially low prices in the LDCs provided that there is no leakage of these products back into their main markets, where they will sell at higher prices . The World Trade Organisation"s 2001 Doha Declaration provided for this in the case of pharmaceuticals. Some countries, such as Japan, would need to change their laws and regulations to prevent such trade.If there are relevant IPRs which do inhibit otherwise legitimate take-up in the developing countries, there are several solutions:·If the IPRs are publicly held, local LDC companies could receive a geographically limited license, at preferential or zero cost. 4 . This would not significantly damage the broader objective of promoting investment by the private sector in low-carbon technologies and products for use in countries where they will have a bigger carbon-reduction impact on reducing global carbon emissions.·If the IPRs are privately held, there are several solutions: their use can be paid for or subsidised by governments; they can be paid for subsidised by charities.Compulsory licensing is also possible. Compulsory licensing is permitted in most countries (except the US) as an exceptional measure in cases of abuse of monopoly or a national emergency, to limit the ability of an IPR owner to stop others from using the IPRs. Its use is constrained by WTO agreement and is intended to be used as a policy of last resort. A reasonable royalty must be paid to the IPR owner. So compulsory licensing is not a low- or zero-cost option. Compulsory licensing is permitted in Europe but there are no recorded examples of its use. 5 . It is generally regarded as a "nuclear option" by both governments and business, which will come an agreement without its use being invoked.（分数：40.00）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
考研英语二2009-2017历年真题及答案解析
20##考研英语二真题Section II Close<10%>Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage ,there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose thebest one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil. <10points>In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had<21>the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge <22> from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread <23> in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have <24> the economic and political map of the world, <25> some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, <26> major importers—including chinaand India, home to a third of the world's population-- <27> rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central <28> of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to <29> scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, <30> how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption,<31> these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, <32> some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, <34> costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. <35> it imports virtually all its oil,it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia <36> 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose <37> higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama <38> for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to <39> ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems <40> the countryreported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D.instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatenin26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplie37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform46.A. for B. from C. across D. OverPart III Reading Comprehension <40%>Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons .Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to?????????? .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to?????????? .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to??????????? .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be???????? .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric <小儿科的> cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of?"cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her < Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru >, and she even makes second sound fun <"cancer road trips," she calls them>.She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include usingtime-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes. While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" <Line 4, para.3 > probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power",based on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to "hardpower",based on coercion<强迫> and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved,but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved."In short,hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have cometo the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies<等级制> are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which hecalls〞smart power〞,is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently,the "transformational leadership pattern〞.Anone allergic<反感> to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical andcontemporary,political and corporate.Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders? to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimately that is just a fancy way of sayingthat leadcrship offers no casy answers.51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea of hard power is______.A.well accepted by Joseph NyeB.very influential till nowadaysC.based on sound theoriesD.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A.Coercion is widespread.B.Morality is devalued.C.Power is no longer concentrated.D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadershipEXCEPT_____.A.authorityB.contextC.approachesD.morality54.Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A.makes little use of management termsB.summarizes various studies conciselyC.serves as an exit for leadership researchersD.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____.A.view of changeable leadershipB.definition of good leadershipC.summary of leadership historyD.discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when thejob is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration<恶化>of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for acountry that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism<实用主义>with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts andfarms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"<Line 1, Para.3>probably means_______.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably dealwith___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisPart V Writing <20%>Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on AnswerSheet 2.At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives . We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorableaspects.Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short message s, with them, people’s life will be greatlyenriched.But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our stu dies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another. As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us f rom our lives.答案SECTION 221-30 CDDBC BDABA 31-40 BADDA BACACSECTION 341-50 BBAAC CCBCC 51-60 DCABD CAAACSECTION 4由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.20##考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. <10 points>The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising__3__in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global__7__in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths__8__healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed tofade__10__warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__tested are the new swine flu, also known as <A> H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has__13__more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials__14__Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began__15__orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not__18__for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people __20__infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained 215 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off SectionSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,CandD.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.<40 points>Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, "Beautiful Inside My Head Forever〞, at Sothe by’s in London on September 15th 2008 <see picture>. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries..In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: "I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.〞What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as "a last victory〞because ____.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. Bysaying "spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable〞<Line 1-2,Para.3>,the authorsuggests that_____ .A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2。