化学专业英语试卷B

2012—2013学年度第一学期 应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（B ） 注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置； 2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。

一、词汇填空 （写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词）（共20小题，每空1分，共20分） 1. 原子 （ ） 2. 镍 （ ） 3. 氦 （ ） 4. 元素 （ ） 5. 阴离子 （ ）
6. 钴 （ ）
7. 丙酮 （ ）
8. 碘 （ ）
9. 乙醚 （ ） 10. 钾 （ ） 11. 甲烷 （ ） 12. 乙醇 （ ） 13. chlorine ( ） 14. nickel （ ） 15. phosphorus （ ） 16. potassium （ ） 17. arsenic （ ） 18. sulfur （ ）
19. butane （ ）
20. aluminum （ ）
二、给下列无极化合物的英语名称（共10小题, 每小题2分，共20分） 1.
HCl 2.
HBr 3.
CuSO 4 4.
H 2SO 4 5.
NaCl 6.
Na 2S 7.
KF 8.
Al 2O 3 9.
KMnO 4 10. FeCl 3
二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小题, 每小
题4分，共20分） 1. CH 3CH(CH 3)CH 2CH(CH 2CH 3)CH 2CH 3
2. (CH 3)2C ＝CHCH 3
3. CH 2(OH)CH 2CH(CH 2OH)CH 2OH
4. 3，4-二甲基苯酚
5.甲乙醚
三、英译汉（共10小题, 每小题4分，共40分）
1.The study of the properties of substances constitutes an important part of chemistry,
because their properties determine the uses to which they can be put.
2.The cleavage of the different crystals of salt is the same; when crushed, the crystals
always break along planes parallel to the original faces, producing smaller crystals similar to the larger ones.
3.It is customary to say that under the same external conditions all specimens of a
particular substance have the same physical properties (density, hardness, color, melting point, crystalline form, etc).
4.Sodium chloride has the properties of changing into a soft metal, sodium, and a
greenish-yellow gas, chlorine, when it is decomposed by passage of an electric current through it.
5.When biscuits are made with use of sour milk and baking soda there is a chemical
reaction between the baking soda and a substance in the sour milk, lactic acid, to produce the gas carbon dioxide, which leavens the dough by forming small bubbles
in it.
6.When an acid, base, or salt is dissolved in water the resulting solution is a conductor
of the electric current and is termed an electrolyte. If no conduction of current occurs, the compound is known as a nonelectrolyte.
7.Green chemistry is the chemistry that aims to reduce the amount of hazardous
substance coming out in the process of producing chemical materials and to reduce the amount of resource and energy consumed in that process.
8.Nonbenzenoid compounds containing rings of carbon atoms are called alicyclic.
These are carbocyclic compounds which resemble aliphatic compounds in many ways.
9.The second group is composed of compounds derived from or related to benzene,
C6H6. Because the first known derivatives of benzene were natural products extracted from balsams and impressed the discoverers because of their fragrant aromas, the group as a whole came to be known as aromatic compounds.
10.Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic compounds with the ring containing carbon and
other elements, the commonest being oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. There are a number of heterocyclic rings which are easily opened and do not posses any aromatic properties, e. g. , ethylene oxide, γ- and δ-lactones.。