2015年职称英语考试卫生类C级新增加文章及全文翻译(全)

合集下载

英语全国卷15年二卷阅读翻译

英语全国卷15年二卷阅读翻译

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国II卷)A我的彩色电视带给我的只有头疼。

我在一年前能够买得起它因为我让我的亲戚在我过生日时给了我钱而不是很多不合身的衣服。

我被售货员欺骗,买了台不再生产的机型。

我是买完第二天从报纸的广告上看到同款机型比我买的价格少了75美元时,才意识到了这一点(发现自己被骗了)。

这台电视一开始太给力了,以至于我会一直开着它,一直到晚上电视台都不放送节目了我才关上。

幸运地是,我没有找到可以播放一整晚电影的频道,否则,我就不用睡觉了。

之后,我开始发现这个电视总是有静电噪音。

不知道什么原因,当电视节目切换到广告时,会出现很大的噪音,而且会持续几秒。

渐渐地,在节目播放过程中,这噪音也会出现。

为了消除这种噪音,我只好切换到另一个频道,然后再切换回来。

有时,这么做也不管用,为了摆脱这讨厌的噪音,我就得抬起电视,晃动它。

事实上,我胳膊上的肌肉就是通过这样晃动电视而练成的。

当以上两种方法都不能消除静电的噪音时,我就无助地坐着,等待着噪音自动消失。

结果就是我用拳头挥向这台电视,它彻底罢工了。

我去修理店花费了62美元,现在这台电视可算是好好工作了。

但是我一直期待它会带给我更多的麻烦。

B本篇译文见答案与详解第56页C现在有比以往任何时候都多的学生们在他们去上大学前,会休整一年。

高中毕业和上大学期间的这一年过去常常被称为“间隔年”。

“间隔年”现象起源于申请牛津和剑桥的学生在十一月入学考试和下一学年开学之间的几个月的空档期。

由英国大专院校招生委员会提供的关于大学入学的统计数据表明,今年,25310名即将步入大学校园的学生们把他们的入学时间推迟到了第二年。

学生中休间隔年的人数创纪录地增长了14.7%。

英国大专院校招生委员会的托尼•希金斯说这一数据对于将接受高等教育的每个人来说都是好消息。

做好充分计划休整一年的学生们更容易对他们所选择的课程感到满足,更能完成他们所选择的课程。

选择休间隔年的学生们往往更加成熟和尽责。

2015年英语一真题翻译

2015年英语一真题翻译

2015年英语一真题翻译第一篇:2015年英语一真题翻译2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section IUse of English 尽管没有血缘关系,但朋友之间的遗传关系与第四代表亲相同,有1%的相同基因。

这是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学出版在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究所得出的结论。

这项研究是比较了多组无血缘关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人,在1932个实验对象身上所做的基因组分析。

同一批人用在了两组样本里。

尽管这1%的相同基因可能毫无意义,但对基因学家来说却并非如此。

正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的医学基因学教授James Fowler说的:“大多数人根本不认识他们的第四代表亲,却在冥冥之中成功选择与我们血缘相近的人作朋友。

”〖HJ〗研究还发现朋友之间还有部分相同的嗅觉基因但免疫基因是不同的。

目前为止,嗅觉基因为何存在相似性很难解释。

或许,正如研究团队说的那样,相似之处把我们吸引到一个相似的环境中,而在相似的环境中有更多相似点。

有很多机制共同作用促使我们选择有着相同基因的人做朋友,而不是以“功能性亲属关系”选择能带来利益的人做朋友。

研究值得一提的一项发现是相似基因似乎比其他基因进化的要快。

研究这项发现有助于理解为何人类在过去的30000年进化速度在加快,社会环境是主要的促进因素。

研究者说这些发现不仅仅解释了人类与具有相似种族背景的人做朋友的趋势。

尽管所有研究对象都是从有欧洲血统的人中挑选,但还是要保证所有实验对象,包括朋友和陌生人都是从相同的人群中选出。

Section IIReading Comprehension Part AText 西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾说“国王不会退位,他们逝世于睡眠中”。

但是最近几次欧洲大选中,丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安·卡洛斯收回之前的言论,并被迫退位。

如此说来,西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路?是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改?西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据,也提供了反对君主制的论据。

2012年度职称英语“卫生类”新增阅读理解和完形填空全文翻译(3月3日)

2012年度职称英语“卫生类”新增阅读理解和完形填空全文翻译(3月3日)

2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇 Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often,it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently,some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that,after long hours at low-paying jobs,getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ,happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇:orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事,服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜,其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

职称英语卫生类C级-4_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

职称英语卫生类C级-4_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

职称英语卫生类C级-4(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)第1部分:词汇选项下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中,选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.Annual renewal is automatic.SSS_SINGLE_SELA every weekB every monthC every yearD every day该问题分值: 1答案:Cannual=every year“每年”;every week“每星期”;every month“每月”;every day“每天”。

2.This original model was designed to interface easily with test and measurement instruments.SSS_SINGLE_SELA interactB provideC connectD work该问题分值: 1答案:Cinterface“对接、接合、联系”;interact“互相作用、互相影响”;connect“连接”;provide“提供”;work“工作”,这个原始模型被设计用来方便地与测试和测量仪器相连接。

3.Major product categories encompass electronic test and measuring instruments, solid-**ponents, electronic calculations.SSS_SINGLE_SELA roundB includeC aroundD and该问题分值: 1答案:Bencompass“包围、包含”;include“包括”;round作为介词解释为“围绕、在……周围”,作为名词可意为“一连串的(事件等)、圆”;around副词、介词“到处、周围”,主要产品分类包括电子测试、测量仪器、组件、电子计算器。

2015年11月英语三级笔译真题及答案(大师兄版)

2015年11月英语三级笔译真题及答案(大师兄版)

2015年11月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe,occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland.The capital and largest city is Dublin,whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6million inhabitants.The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland.It is a unitary,parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state.The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty,Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in1922.Initially a dominion,Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of1931.A new constitution was adopted in1937,by which the name of the state became“Ireland.”In1949,Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita.In1973,Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth,coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality.The country achieved considerable prosperity from1995to2007.This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in2008,in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.In2011and2013Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index.It also performs well in several metrics of national performance,including freedom of the press,economic freedom and civil liberties.It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.The population of Ireland stood at4,588,252in2011,an increase of8.2percent since2006.As of2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union(16births per1,000of population).In2012,35.1percent of births were to unmarried women.Annual population growth rates exceeded2percent during the2002-2006 period,which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration.This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent2006-2011period,with an average growth rate of1.6percent.Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality.In2011,Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe,and second most charitable in the world.Contraception was controlled in Ireland until1979, however,the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society.In1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized“the right to life of the unborn”,subject to qualifications concerning the“equal right to life”of the mother.The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad,and the right to learn about“services”that are illegal in Ireland,but legal abroad.The prohibition on divorce in the1937Constitution was repealed in1995under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland,while discrimination based on age,gender,sexual orientation,marital or familial status,religion and race is illegal.Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in2002and a public smoking ban in2004.Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into English.冲突对抗,是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。

2015gct试题与答案

2015gct试题与答案

2015gct试题与答案2015年GCT(全国翻译专业资格考试)是中国翻译协会主办的一项重要考试。

本文将围绕2015年GCT试题及答案展开讨论,旨在帮助考生更好地了解考试形式与内容。

试题一:多项选择题1. 下列哪个选项是正确的?A. 翻译是将一种语言转化为另一种语言的过程。

B. 翻译是将一种语言转化为图片的过程。

C. 翻译是将一种语言转化为音乐的过程。

D. 翻译是将一种语言转化为数字的过程。

正确答案:A2. 字词“translate”在中文中等价于下列哪个选项?A. 瞻仰B. 翻译C. 传达D. 绘画正确答案:B3. 翻译的四基本原则不包括下列哪个选项?A. 忠实B. 通顺C. 合理D. 格式正确答案:D试题二:填空题将下列英语短语翻译成中文。

1. Think outside the box.答案:打破常规思维。

2. A piece of cake.答案:小菜一碟。

3. Break a leg.答案:祝你好运。

试题三:翻译题将以下英文段落翻译成中文。

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency's governing structure and principles, states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of thehighest possible level of health." It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with six semi-autonomous regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide.答案:世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)是联合国的一个专门机构,负责国际公共卫生工作。

全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试

全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试

职称英语等级考试要求应试者必须懂得英语基本语法知识,概述如下:
英语句子的基本语序及其意义;
提示:复习中需要了解英语陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句中句子的基本语序及其意义,同时还需要了解 英语强调句,倒装句和虚拟条件中的基本语序及其意义。
英语句子的结构和常用句型;
提示:复习中需要了解英语5种基本句子结构,了解英语句子结构的四种类型:简单句,并列句,复合句,并 列复合句的构成及其常见的表现形式。
(文章第一段)Petitions(请愿,请愿书)have long been a part of British political life.Anyone who wanted to change something would get a list oI signatures from people who agreed to the idea and either send them to the government or deliver them personally to the Prime Minister's house in London.
2016年职称英语考试将于2016年3月26日进行,职称英语考试多采取网上报名的方式,在网上交费,有些地 区仍需要进行现场确认及交费。具体考试时间以人事部考试中心及各地人事考试部门公布的时间为准。
注:全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试一般为每年3月的最后一个星期举行,考试设英语、日语、俄语、德 语、法语和西班牙语6个语种,每个语种分为A、B、C三个等级,考试时间均为2小时。
(一)合理安排测试项目的层次结构。本考试的重点是考查应试者的阅读理解能力,试卷的结构应充分考虑 阅读理解能力的不同层次,测试不同层次能力的项目所占比重亦不相同。

2015职称英语卫生类C级试题及答案

2015职称英语卫生类C级试题及答案

2015年职称英语备考资料《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案目录2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(1) (1)2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(2) (2)2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(3) (4)2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(4) (5)2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(1)Medical Service on PlaneAs a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been called only once – for a woman who had merely (1). But the (2)made me quite curious (3)how often this kind of thing happens I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real midair medical emergency -- without access (4)a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in–flight (5)events, I read it (6)interest.The study estimated that there is an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not serious; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. (7) 13% of them – roughly four a day – are serious enough to (8) a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies (3) heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are (10). For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are setcan tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease 12) experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. (13) common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis – the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症). (14)happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on thein-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to (15)emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.1.A.fainted B.cried nded D.escaped正确答案:A2.A.accident B.situation C.incident D.chance正确答案:C3.A.for B.as C.on D.about正确答案:D4.A.by B.to C.through D.over正确答案:B5.A.historical B.classical C.medical D.modern正确答案:C6.A.in B.by C.with D.of正确答案:C7.A.Then B.For C.But D.So正确答案:C8.A.require B.make mand D.stimulate正确答案:A9.A.imply B.include C.indicate D.contain正确答案:B10.A.stressful B.exciting C.enjoyable D.upset正确答案:A11.A.under B.above C.along D.by正确答案:B12.A.must B.need C.have to D.may正确答案:D13.A.Other B.Another C.Some D.Any正确答案:B14.A.Wherever B.Whenever C.whichever D.Whatever正确答案:D15.A.reject B.clean C.install D.elevate正确答案:C2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(2) Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to 4 a combination ofan infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon saysa shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8.It would also mean9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.练习:1. A. kidneys B. lungs C. bones D. livers2. A. with B. without C. of D. out of3. A. increased B. decreased C. changed D. disappeared4. A. make B. take C. try D. test5. A. as if B. as though C. as far as D. as soon as6. A. refer B. apply C. lead D. amount7. A. effective B. ineffective C. expensive D. inexpensive8. A. cured B. to cure C. being cured D. having been cured9. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer10.A. provided B. introduced C. tested D. tempted11.A. bring about B. contributed to C. promote D. prevent12.A. increases B. reductions C. creations D. collections13.A. developed B. invented C. delayed D. refused14. A. easy B. uneasy C. sure D. unsure15. A. with B. to C. onto D. into答案1.B2.C4.B5.D6.C7.A8.A9.D10.C13.A14.C15.D2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(3)One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980,when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it — one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?____1____reality, of course, it was naive to____2____that everyone would let____3____of such a potent potential weapon.1 Undoubtedly several nations still have____4____vials.___5_____the last “official” stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,2____6____no obvious gain.Now American researchers have___7_____an animal model of the human disease, opening the____8____for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again there’s a good reason to____9____the virus —just in____10____the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we____11____with the mistrust of the US and Russia?____12____Keep the virus_____13___international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t____14____the idea is wrong. If the virus____15____useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity — not just a part of it练习:1.A. In B. On C. At D. For2.A. know B. imagine C. realize D. be aware3.A. to go B. going C. go D. went4.A. much B. more C. most D. a few5.A. And B. While C. Whereas D. Although6. A. since B. for C. because D. of7. A. looked for B. sought C. found D. talked about8. A. method B. road C. street D. way9. A. keep B. put C. destroy D. eradicate10. A. need B. case C. necessity D. time11. A. handle B. tackle C. deal D. treat12. A. Difficult B. Hard C. Safe D. Simple13. A. under B. in C. on D. for14. A. say B. mean C. state D. declare15. A. will be B. would be C. is D. are答案1.A2.B5.A6.B7.C8.D9.A10. B11.C12.D13.A14.B15.C2015年职称英语《卫生类》C级完形填空习题及答案(4)Cia Andina do Triconos (CATSA), a Bolivian joint venture of the U.S. Dresser Industries and local investors, which and based its investment _____(1)_____ an allocation under the metalworking program, closed its doors after _____(2)____ to penetrate the Andean market after more than two years in operation.The prospect of _____(3)_____ access to the Andean market, plus protection provided by a 55 percent "ad valorem" common outer tariff on bits sourced from outside the bloc, made the sales outlook seem _____(4)_____.However, CATSA's "monopoly" position in Ancom proved specious. _____(5)_____ the plant went on stream in 1974, the company was never able to export a single drill bit to the Andean market; and its local sales were _____(6)_____ a state-owned petroleum company. This market was clearly _____(7)_____, since the operation had been based on exporting the bulk of the plant's 200-unit-per-month capacity to the Andean area.CATSA could not penetrate the Ancom market for several reasons:Although Ancom _____(8)_____ a 55-percent common outer tariff on third-country imports, some Ancom countries had previously _____(9)_____ LAFTA (Latin American Free Trade Association) tariff concessions, which take precedence over the Ancom tariffs.Ancom members simply did not _____(10)_____ the spirit of the metalworking agreement. After the installation of the CATSA facility, plants producing tricone bits _____(11)_____ in Peru and Venezuela. Under the metalworking program, participating _____(12)_____ were committed to prohibiting new foreign investment in allocations of other Ancom countries. But on the question of new investment by local industry, the obligation was only not to encourage it, with no requirement to prevent it. _____(13)_____ Venezuela, it has no commitment to limit local production or to honor the outer tariff, because it was not yet a member of Ancom when the metalworking agreement was signed and was thus not a _____(14)_____ to the pact.Also, according to Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador employed _____(15)_____ obstacles to avoid applying the common outer tariff.The withdrawal of Chile from Ancom cost Bolivia a lucrative potential market too.1. A) in B) to C) under D) on2. A) fail B) to fail C) failing D) succeeding3. A) no duty B) no-duty C) duty-bound D) duty-free5. A) So B) Although C) But D) Therefore6. A) confined to B) confined in C) expanded to D) exported to7. A) big enough B) sufficient C) too big D) insufficient8. A) has got B) got C) has imposed D) has imposed on9. A) admitted B) admitting C) granting D) granted10. A) learn B) honor C) take D) give11. A) are put B) are established C) were set up D) had set up12. A) member government B) members government C) member governments D) members governments13. A) In case of B) In the case of C) In case D) On case14. A) party B) member C) person D) partner15. A) a series of B) a great deal of C) a large amount of D) a great number答案:DCDAB ADCDB CCBAA。

职称外语考试

职称外语考试

考试介绍全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。

本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则,根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点,结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况,对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别:综合类、理工类和卫生类,每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。

A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为100分,考试时间均为2小时。

考试内容A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成,每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同,但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。

考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。

第1部分:词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。

本部分为15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第2部分:阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文,短文后列出7个句子,有的句子提供的是正确信息,有的句子提供的是错误信息,有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。

要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分)考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文,有2项测试任务:(1)短文后有6个段落小标题,要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子,要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。

第4部分:阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。

职称英语abc级有什么区别

职称英语abc级有什么区别

职称英语abc级有什么区别全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别:综合类、理工类、卫生类。

每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。

每个级别的试卷内容,除综合类外,普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。

三个等级考试的总分各为100分,考试时间均为2小时。

A级适用范围:1.高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报高级专业技术职务或其它系列中申报正高级专业技术职务者。

2.申报高级国际商务师者。

B级适用范围:1.卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报高级专业技术职务者。

2.高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报中级专业技术职务者。

3.翻译系列中申报高级专业技术职务者(限第二外语)。

4.高级专业技术职务未分正副的系列(工程系列除外)申报高级专业技术职务或其他系列中申报副高级专业技术职务者。

C级适用范围:1.翻译系列中申报中级专业技术职务(第二外语)或其它系列申报高级专业技术职务(第二外语)者。

卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报中级专业技术职务或其它系列申报中级专业技术职务者。

PS:具体的适用范围,按各省份而定具体区别如下:职称英语A级:是评副高及教授级高工用的;B级:是评工程师用的,指工程类的;C级是综合类的(医\教等 ) ,具体划分请参考下表:考试级别申报职称职称系列A级B级C级高校教师教授、副教授讲师自然科学研究与社会科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员社会科学研究(研究员、副研究员第二外语)卫生技术(医、药、护、技)主任医(药、护、技)师副主任医(药、护、技)师⑴主治(管)医(药、护、技)师⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报正、副主任医(药、护、技)师在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报主治(管)医(药、护、技)师工程技术高级工程师(含教授级高级工程师)⑴工程师⑵在县属单位工作的人员申报高级工程师(含教授级高级工程师)在县属单位工作的人员申报工程师农业技术农业技术推广研究员高级农艺师农艺师实验技术高级实验师实验师中学教师中学高级教师中等专业学校教师高级讲师讲师技工学校教师高级讲师(高级实习指导教师)讲师经济专业高级国际商务师高级经济师国际商务师经济师助理国际商务师会计专业高级会计师会计师统计专业高级统计师统计师审计专业高级审计师审计师体育教练员国家级教练高级教练一级教练播音专业播音指导主任播音员一级播音员新闻专业高级记者(高级编辑)主任记者(主任编辑)记者(编辑)艺术(广播电视艺术)艺术一级艺术二级、主任舞台技师艺术三级、舞台技师出版专业编审副编审编辑(一级校对)文博专业、图书资料专业、档案专业研究馆员副研究馆员馆员公证员一级公证员二级公证员三级公证员律师一级律师二级律师三级律师。

2015年职称英语考试--补全短文(原文及译文)

2015年职称英语考试--补全短文(原文及译文)

补全短文部分第一篇What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. We even use their bones for fertilizer. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一even candy, and ice cream —aswell as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. Some of its contents may cause illness. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future,we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.第二篇Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus,trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services,and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes,ships,trains,motorcoaches, car-rentals,and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts,considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers,including car-rental and sight-seeing services. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers,and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.第三篇The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you're not crying, your eyes producetears. These create a film over the ey e's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sorts.of reasons. ".People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,”explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe.As children we were sometimes punished for shedding te ars or expressing anger. As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.”Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attac ksthan people cry more freely.When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock,anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion. Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places,like under the bed coversor in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate.It’s good to hold backtears d uring a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the wholesituation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the.stress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the pr oblem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.第四篇The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, accordi ng to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact:The first four minutes" ’ he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships:“Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In genera l, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic,realizing that the other person has his own needs,fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. That is at least as important as how much we know.第五篇Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ;the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company,for example,shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years,most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.补全短文译文译文:第一篇论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始,我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。

职称英语 卫生类 新增文章译文及解析称英语 卫生类 新增文章译文及解析

职称英语 卫生类 新增文章译文及解析称英语 卫生类 新增文章译文及解析

【经典资料,WORD文档,可编辑修改】【经典考试资料,答案附后,看后必过,WORD文档,可修改】2015年职称英语(卫生类)新增文章译文及解析阅读理解第十六篇 Eat to Live第十六篇为生存而食A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary.粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿,但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.即便在年老以后才开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。

Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.加州大学Riverside分校的斯蒂芬?斯潘德尔及其同事发现,只要连续四周限制一些衰老的老鼠进食,它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。

The genetic rejuvenation wo n’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.。

2008年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(C级)试题

2008年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(C级)试题

2008年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(C级)试题第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题l分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1We'll give every teacher room for development.A placeB employmentC spaceD house2The policeman asked him to identify the thief.A nameB describeC captureD call3We were all there when the accident occurred.A happenedB brokeC spreadD appeared4It took me exactly a week to complete the work.A startB achieveC improveD finish5The herb medicine eventually cured her disease.A nicelyB apparentlyC finallyD naturally6This new policy has led to a dramatic increase in production.A minorB strikingC fixedD modest7Poor schooling was the root of the unemployment problem,A baseB resultC causeD force8John survives on l00 pounds a month.A putsB livesC borrowsD spends9One's economic condition often affects his or her way Of Life。

职称英语考试卫生类(C级)真题及答案

职称英语考试卫生类(C级)真题及答案

职称英语考试卫生类(C级)真题及答案5第三篇U.S. Life Expectancy Hits New HighLife expectancy rates in the United States are at an all—time high,with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years,a new federal study finds.The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in1955.when the average American lived to be 59.6 years old.By 1995,life expectancy was 75.8 years,and by 2005,it had risen to 77.9 years,according to the report released Wednesday.“This is good news,”s aid report co—author Donna Hoyert,a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics.“It’s even better news that it is a continuation of trends,so it is a long period of continuing improvement.”Despite the upward trend,the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries,according to the U.S. Census(人口普查)Bureau.the country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years,followed by Japan,Macau,San Marino and Singapore.Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country—heart disease.6an’ceF arid stroke.In addition,in 2005,the U.S.death rate dropped to an all—time low of less than 800 deaths per 1 00,000.Dr.David Katz,director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine,said,“News that life expectancy is increasing is,of course,good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U.S.”Adding years to life is a good thing,Katz said.“But adding vital life to years is atleast equally important. If we care about living well,and not just longer,we still have our work cut out for U.S.” he said.41. Since 1955,life expectancy rates in the U.S. haveA. moved up and down.B. been declining.C. been on the rise.D. remained steady.42. Compared with the county with the longest life expectancy, the U.S. isA. nearly 3 years behind.B. nearly 4 years behind.C. nearly 8 years behind.D. nearly 6 years behind.43. The increase in the U.S. 1ife expectancy is mostly due toA. increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries.B. declining death rates from heart disease.cancer and stroke.C. a rise in the rate of chronic disease.D. a declining birth rate.考试大()44. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The U.S. 1ife expectancy is at an all—time high.B. The U.S. death rate was at an all—time IOW in 2005.C. The annual death rate in the U.S. is over 800 deaths per 1 00,000.D. Chronic disease appears to be at an all—time high in the U.S.45 The expression “adding vital life f0 years” in the last paragraph means.A living well.www.EB living longer .C. living longer and well .D. living at any cost .。

2015年全国大学生英语竞赛C类样题参考答案及听力原文

2015年全国大学生英语竞赛C类样题参考答案及听力原文

2015National English Competitionfor College Students(Level C-Sample)参考答案及评分标准Part I Listening Comprehension(30marks)Section A(5marks)1—5BBACASection B(5marks)6—10CADCD11—15BCADBSection C(10marks)16—20BADCASection D(10marks)21.marine22.into air23.defense mechanism24.dates back to25.evolved26.hide and escape 27.upward out28.is comparable to29.in popularity30.raised tensionsPart II Vocabulary and Structure(15marks)Section A(10marks)31—35CBDBA36—40BBCADSection B(5marks)41—45ABCDAPart III Cloze(10marks)46.artificially47.being48.modification49.example50.supporters51.shortage52.Nevertheless53.unusual54.lead55.containingPart IV Reading Comprehension(35marks)Section A(5marks)56.F57.T58.T59.F60.TSection B(10marks)61—65GFDBESection C(10marks)66.It is located at the corner of77th Street in New York.67.In1804.68.Because it was founded at a time when the nation was barely three decades old and only eccentric were collecting American artifacts and ephemera.69.By the1890s,dozens of volumes had been published about New York,studying its origin and rise, celebrating its progress and its new fame.70.The unsung glories like civic documents,scrapbooks and diaries,architectural drawings,street1--photographs and old books.Section D (10marks)71.proven 72.innocence 73.reach 74.biases 75.fundamentalPart V Translation (15marks)Section A (5marks)76.圣诞节是自我放纵的节日,人们消费大量的甜品和巧克力,这也是一个尽情豪饮的好时机。

2015 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 3(翻译)

2015 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 3(翻译)

2015年专业四级英语真题(翻译)Passage 3(翻译)The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smokingafter turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.禁烟斗争已经持续了50年,而且还在持续,它是美国最伟大的公共卫生成功案例之一——但并非对每个人都是如此。

卫生C类阅读判断题及答案

卫生C类阅读判断题及答案

卫生C类阅读判断题及答案The Race into SpaceAmerican millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. "Ispent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives," Tito explained. He loved his time in space. "Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have."This kind of experience isn't cheap. It cost $20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. "For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when I didn't have any money," he told reporters.On 30 April 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world's second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African Businessman. At the age of twenty-eight. He also paid $20 million for the eight-day trip.Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesn't exist yet.Many of the customers are people who like adventure.They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space. However, these people are worded. Becauseit's so expensive, only very rich people Can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people.That day may soon here. Inter Orbital Systems (IOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga. The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and Califomi, seven days in space, and a vacation in Tonga for $2 million.However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA's deputy assistant for space flight. He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this it may administrator time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?1. Dennis Tito was the first tourist in space.A.,RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Mark Shuttleworth is an engineer from the United States.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Both Tito and Shuttleworth have climbed Mount Qomolangma.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Space Adventures has about 100 customers waiting for their travel into space.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Space Adventures already has a spaceship.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6, IOS will send its tourists into space from Tonga.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Bill Readdy thinks that space flight is very dangerous.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned1. A。

英语全国卷15年一卷阅读翻译

英语全国卷15年一卷阅读翻译

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国I卷)A伦敦运河博物馆的每月讲座我们每月讲座的开始时间是每个月(除了八月)的第一个周四的晚上19:30。

入场费是正常的标准,并且无需预订。

结束时间大概是晚上21:00。

11月7日《运河先锋》,主讲人克里斯·刘易斯。

詹姆斯·布林德利被认为是早期重要的运河工程师之一。

他也是运河设计和建造艺术的主要培训人员。

克里斯会讲解詹姆斯是如何对早期的“土木工程师”群体的培养做出积极贡献的。

12月5日《供应大都市的冰》,主讲人马尔科姆·塔克。

在冰箱发明之前,人们需要用冰来保证食物的保鲜和供应。

马尔科姆会解释进口天然冰的历史、建造冰窖的技术和伦敦冰贸易的发展。

2月6日《关于科茨沃尔德运河的最新消息》,主讲人丽兹·佩恩。

斯特劳德运河即将重新开放。

泰晤士河和赛文运河会将会晚些开放。

我们会对当前的进展情况进行报道。

3月6日《河之洲——泰晤士河诸岛》,主讲人米兰达·维克斯。

泰晤士河有很多岛屿。

米兰达对所有这些岛进行了仔细研究。

她会告诉我们有关最有趣的那些岛的一些事。

网上预订:/book更多信息:/whatson伦敦运河博物馆伦敦新九龙仓道12-13号 www.canalmuseum.mobi电话************B这个冬天,寒冷的东北并不是一个打发时间的非常有趣的地方。

因此,当我有机会去佛罗里达的萨拉索塔度过周末时,不等你把“阳光”说出口,我的行李就已经打包好了。

我出发去了这个温暖和维生素C充足的地方,脑子里想的是沙滩和橘子树。

当我们下飞机,感受到蔚蓝的天空和暖洋洋的空气时,我做了个小的感恩祷告。

游泳池、葡萄酒品尝、粉红色的夕阳(一般在傍晚的时候,不是在下午的四点)填满着这个周末,但是最棒的部分——十分合我那被数月寒天里的块根类蔬菜弄得麻木的胃口——就是早上七点去萨拉索塔的农贸市场的奇妙之旅,事实证明为其早起非常值得。

这个市场建于1979年,沿着北柠檬和州街,每周六从早上7点到下午1点营业,无论是雨天还是晴天。

职称英语卫生类C级真题2015年_真题-无答案

职称英语卫生类C级真题2015年_真题-无答案

职称英语卫生类C级真题2015年(总分100,考试时间90分钟)第1部分:词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. It is absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. foolish2. It is prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first.A. workable B. sensible C. possible D. feasible3. The room is dim and quiet.A. tiny B. pleasant C. dark D. agreeable4. John talked over the new job offer with his wife.A. discussed B. mentioned C. accepted D. rejected5. He purchased a ticket and went up on the top deck.A. bought B. took C. showed D. made6. He looks like a crazy man.A. lazy B. patient C. mad D. happy7. We cannot permit such conduct.A. movement B. word C. principle D. behavior8. He replied that this was absolutely impossible.A. started B. answered C. said D. claimed9. I am rather exhausted, I must confess.A. adapt B. allege C. admit D. allot10. The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.A. promote B. paint C. produce D. polish11. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A. result B. judgement C. decision D. event12. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A. statements B. beliefs C. suggestions D. claims13. We cannot exist without air, food or water.A. expand B. rise C. live D. quit14. It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A. simply B. almost C. totally D. completely15. You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.A. spread B. beaten C. mixed D. covered第2部分:阅读判断Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankind's most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients' bodies, according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have "far wider applications".The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was "shocking" but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to workproperly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies.16. FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body's immune cells.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子The Drink Your Body Needs Most1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.2 We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3 A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don't need.23. A. Ounces of water needed per day B. Importance of water C. Composition of water D. Signs of dehydration E. Supply of water F. Necessity for bringing a bottle for water Paragraph 1 ______24. Paragraph 2 ______25. Paragraph 3 ______26. Paragraph 4 ______27. A. in your body B. without water C. before long D. for a change E. on a busy day F. to your weight One cannot live ______.28. Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water ______.29. The amount of water your body needs per day is related ______.30. Don't forget to drink enough water even ______.第4部分:阅读理解下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

第五篇 Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsiblefor2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.词汇:spot n. 地点,斑点,斑块,青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤,肉瘤,恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭,耗尽,精疲力竭immunologist n.免疫学家malfunction n. 故障,失灵,疾病count n. 计数,计算infection n. 传染病,感染breakdown n. 故障,衰弱,崩溃toll n. 代价,死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物abnormalities n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形,异常情况blood transfusion n. 输血symptom n.症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n.座谈小组,仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者vaccine n. 疫苗注释:1.play a key role...扮演一个关键角色,有至关重要的作用2.be responsible for...对……负责,是……的原因3.can be eradicated可以被根除的练习:1.This passage is mainly about ____.A the spreading of the disease known as HIVB the work of Dr. Robert GalloC infectious diseasesD the symptoms of HIV2.A T-cell is a ____.A patient’s bloodB deadly strain of tuberculosisC white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD red blood cell3.The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.A have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB have hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4.The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.A chronological orderB personal narrativeC comparison and contrastD question and answer5.The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.A made extremeB celebratedC remove by rubbingD gotten rid of entirely答案与题解:1.A从开篇的病例介绍,到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出,这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。

从第二段中的最后一句话可以看出,人们最初对艾滋病的冠名是在1982年7月,而那时全美已有病例471起,并有184人死亡了,因此可以推断出是讲该病毒的传播的。

2.C第一段的最后一句话里对T细胞进行了定义,即其为白细胞的一种,并在免疫效应中起关键作用,因此答案是选项3.B文章最后一段的最后一句话提到了解题线索,即现在科学家正在测试预防艾滋病的疫苗,他们相信,如果该病毒能被抑制,就可能被根治。

4.A该题为对文章线索总结题,chronological order意思为“按照时间次序”,chronological意思为“时间的”,从该文中的几个时间点来看,人们对于艾滋病的接触、了解、应对、研究,应该是按照不同年份进行的,故答案为选项A。

5.D本题为词义推断题,eradicate的本义为“根除”,本题的解题线索在最后一段最后一句话的前半句,即“Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed”,只要了解suppress 的词义,即“抑制”,那么结合后面then(于是,那么)这个关联词就可以推断出后面的动词短语应该和“根治”有关,本题选项中的前三个选项均不含该意思,故答案为选项D。

选项A为“成为极端”,选项B为“庆祝”,选项C为“通过摩擦被消除”,和前句大意均不相符。

全文翻译:1980年的夏天,一名患者将一颗略带紫色的斑点从其耳下处移除。

这种斑点是一种极其罕见的皮肤癌,被称为“卡波西”肉瘤。

该患者同时还患有淋巴结肿大及衰竭。

1980年11月,洛杉矶的一名免疫学家对一名年轻男子进行了检查,并发现其病症与其免疫系统失常有关。

该医生对该患者的血液进行了T细胞(胸腺衍生细胞)计数检测。

T细胞是白细胞的一种,在人体免疫机能中发挥关键作用。

该患者血液中并未发现有益T细胞。

至1980年年底,共有55名美国人被确诊感染这种与免疫系统崩溃相关联的病症,其中4名患者死亡。

:一年之后,死亡人数变为74人。

接受了静脉药物注射的患者,出现了T细胞异常的现象。

接受输血的患者出现了免疫系统故障的症状。

据报道,至1982年7月,这种被称为“获得性免疫力缺陷综合症”的患者,已经增加至471例,其中184人已经死亡。

在1984年的4月,病毒学家罗伯特•加洛博士成功分离出了艾滋病的致病病原体。

他将其称为“人体T细胞白血病病毒”。

在巴黎,吕克•蒙塔尼耶博士发现了一种其称为“淋巴结相关疾病”的病毒。

经过一国际科学家组织鉴定,二人发现的为同一种病毒。

该病毒开始被人们知晓为“人体免疫缺损病毒”(即艾滋病)。

血库于1985年开始对其存血进行艾滋病审査,但是到那时,已有大约29000名患者通过血液传播而感染上了艾滋病。

其中约有12000名血友病患者通过血液凝块产品感染上了艾滋病。

截至1995年,患艾滋病的美国人人数已高达477900人,其中295500人死亡。

在1996年,研究人员宣称已研制出数种能够降低艾滋病对患者伤害的药品。

今天,科学家通过一系列测试,发现艾滋病是可以抑制的,而且进而认为根治艾滋病也是有可能的,但这一目标仍需时日。

相关文档
最新文档