物流管理英文课件

(QvsC BM, Pull BM)
C. Factors leading to SCM (and logistics)
1. Shortened product life cycle – 3C products, fashion, beverages, etc. 2. Customers’ raised expectations -- informed consumers have low tolerance for poor quality, delays, stockouts, poor services, etc. 24/7 services, e-services (e.g. 28 min. pick-up) 3. Global competition – global sourcing (material, labor), manufacturing, marketing & distribution; WTO, NAFTA
Business Models Renovation
The US auto industry ~ 80’s-90’s (GM as example) Mass production – push mode, market insensitivity Quality ceiling due to process design Huge inventory, stockouts, discounts, wastes Segregated functions (Mktg, R&D, Design, Prod., Dist.) Patch – full scale automation ($50B) -- failed Finally, revamped BM after TPS – now modernized Loblaw – Canadian grocery king (>1000 stores) Slow logistics, inaccurate forecasts, excess inventory (yogurt 26/40days); threat from Wal-Mart; Traditional patch failed; Revamped BM (~13/40 days)
The Business Model – e.g. US Auto, Loblaw These two functions have different emphasis, and the imbalance can cause inefficiencies.
2. The last 2 decades production：JIT, TQM, small lot , large models to reduce inventory (direct) an quality (indirect) cost (ex. Toyota’s TPS –pull, 0-inventory, small lot, variety) Marketing：Customization. QR, segmentation, meeting needs more directly (ex. Zara’s Fast Fashion) The gap between above functions are narrowing,with accurate and in-time information, business coherence has been greatly increased; better Business Model. 3. The last decade – Internal operations integration and external extension created broader and more accurate operations model: Supply (Demand) Chain Business Model
Key Logistics Activities
Customer service Demand forecasting Inventory management Logistics communications Material handling Order processing Packaging
D、A Definition of SCM
Supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize system-wise cost while satisfying service level requirements.
B. Examples of industries most directly affected by SC Business Model 1. Computer – Dell (direct BM) 2. Apparel – Benetton (QR BM) 3. Wholesalers, retailers – Wal-Mart,7-11
Human Raw In-process Finished Suppliers resources materials inventory goods Financial resources Information resources
Logistics management
Time and Customers place utility Efficient movement to customer Proprietary asset
C. Factors leading to SCM (and logistics)
4. IT and Comm. Technology advancement – High IT/Comm. capability at lower cost; any time, any place; warehousing/order-picking efficiency; EDI, RFID, etc. 5. Enhanced transportation capability, (lower) cost 6. Power shift in the supply chain – large retailers more demanding and commanding; dominating and driving SC efficiency (e.g. Wal-Mart)
Key Logistics Activities
Transportation Management Plant and warehouse site selection Procurement Reverse logistics Warehousing and storage Global Logistics
II. Supply Chain Management
A. The Evolution of SCM- model, paradigm Business Models
The Theory of the Business – Peter Drucker, 1994- clasusiness Model” Business Model -- the assumptions (conditions) of:
1. The 20th century Production：division of labor, standardization,largescale to lower unit cost
Marketing：guess-timation and promotion to expand
the market
Inputs into logistics Natural resources
Components of Logistics Management Outputs of
Management actions
Planning Implementation Control logistics Competitive advantage
Logistics activities
Customer service Demand forecasting Inventory management Logistics communications Material handling Order processing Parts and service support Plant & warehouse site selection Procurement Packaging Reverse logistics Traffic and transportation Warehousing and storage
1. Environment: society, structure, market, customer, technology – Status? 2. Specific mission of the organization – What? 3. Core competencies of the organization – How?
Contemporary Logistics
Logistics, Supply Chain, and Competitiveness
by Shao-ju Lee April, 2008
Topics
Review of Logistics Management Supply Chain Management – concepts and evolution Business Strategy and Competitiveness Business Model Innovation/Evolution