GRE 经典例子

Thomas Edison invented the first bulb which turns out to be the derivation of modern illumination apparatus and electronic era. However, the most appreciated thing in the invention is for Edison’s insistence and courage in the whole course. Thomas Edison derivation of modern illumination apparatus and the beginning of electronic era appreciated insistence and courage毛泽东与文化大革命erroneous perspective错误观点capitalism economic stagnation 经济停滞In the 1970s, Chairman Mao formed an erroneous perspective on economic and political conditions of that time, which insisted that Chinese people should get together to wipe out anything in relation to capitalism. As a result, people all over the country began to wage a large-scale campaign as a response, which led to the nation’s las ting economic stagnation for nearly ten years.Environmental problems 环境问题With the advancement of industry, people nowadays start to expand their business rapidly, which ha s resulted in serious environmental problems: forests and pasture lands disappear at a terrible speed; the depletion of atmospheric ozone seems never to stop, desertification, air pollution and water pollution and so on. In turn, these problems have brought a detrimental effect on human life.Desertification pasture lands bring detrimentalFamily disputes divorce离婚loyaltyMeanwhile, disloyalty is also one of the main reasons for divorce and family disputes. How many people would like to marry a person who is reluctant to keep his or her promise for loyalty in the marriage ceremony? How many people would fall in love with a person who prefers to love other men or women? Undoubtedly, disloyalty always causes family disputes and divorce, which harm the person and the other.Disloyal to friendsWithout it a firm relationship between people can hardly be formed. People are less likely to make friends with such a person who often betrays his or her friends by speaking ill of them to others.Bill Clinton & sex scandalBill Clinton financial costs taxpayers Lewinskyimmediate Consider the example of the famous sex scandal of Bill Clinton. Although Clinton was guilty in morality, the scandal was only his privacy个人生活. Furthermore, enormous巨大的financial costs of taxpayers were spent on probing the intimate relationships between Clinton and Lewinsky, which in fact would be more beneficial to the nation if those costs could be spent on the immediate social problems such as improving the level of health care and social welfare, solving unemployment and so onDuring Clinton’s presidency, the country enjoyed one of the longest periods of economic growth in his history. His effective leadership enabled him to bounce back from scandals and even impeachment弹劾. In fact, he left office with the highest voter approval rating of all modern presidents.Presidency impeachment voter approval ratingNixon & WatergateNixon Watergate underhanded campaign whose behavior forfeiture of held wokingdemonstrated a pursuit of personal interests above the social interests forfeiture 名声扫地leadership the level of scrutinyConsider the example of Watergate. President Nixon played an active role in that underhanded campaign, whose behavior demonstrated a pursuit of personal interests above the social interests. Finally his selfish behavior resulted in his forfeiture of leadership. What’s more，Watergate also forever increased the level of scrutiny to which political officials are held, thus working a significant and lasting benefit to society.Roosevelt & his new policyConsider for example, Theodore Roosevelt, the only American president reelected for three times. In his early stage, he was largely stunted by physical diseases, which developed his isolation and aloofness. Fortunately,his strong desire for knowledge, as well as the enduring pursuit for his goal, finally helped him overcome physical inconvenience and pushed him to become the hero of the nation.His administration was marked by effective measures to increase employment and to assist industrial and agricultural recovery from the Great Depression.Before the Civil War, the laws in the south of America permitted the white farm owners to have black people as their private slaves. Obviously, these laws, which not only protected the privileges of white people, but completely violated the basic human rights of black people, were extremely unjust laws and must be resisted. Therefore, Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of America, led the federal government during the Civil War to repeal the unjust laws in the south and to emancipate解放black slaves.Abraham Lincoln emancipateEconomy & mathematics booming It is mathematics that finally help economy convert from a qualitative, abstract and somewhat speculative subject to a quantitative, definitive and convincible one.This is especially true in the booming growth of economy in recent years. It is mathematics that finally help economy convert from a qualitative, abstract and somewhat speculative subject to a quantitative, definitive and convincible one. With the benefit of calculus, economists are able to account for various economic phenomena with confirmative证实的statistics. Meanwhile the great success in economics provides the best empirical经验主义的evidence to justify relevant mathematical modes.Archeologists & geologistsArcheologists geologists belong perspectives观点Integral With the help of archeologists, an ancient woodcut木刻画may tell us its owner’s life habits, hobbies, the owner’s race and even the race’s trade, tradition and so on. Also, with the help of geologists, the same woodcut also can tell us the age and source it belonged to. These different perspectives finally make up an integral picture of the origin of the woodcut.For instance, a joke which can make Americans cannot stop laughing will be probably considered as boring by Germen. And people in India are used to talking with friends closely, while Englishmen prefer to keep a certain distance when talking.Watson and Click challenged the theory that proteins were the central genetic material and proposed DNA(Double Helix Model) which heralded 预示the birth of molecular biology. If theydid not have enough courage to challenge the widely accepted, and therefore authoritative, protein theory, how would we now be able to enjoy the benefits of research into molecular biology, which has found so many cures for diseases and led to the development of many medicines which benefit our society.Watson and Click herald molecular authoritative权威性的research into cures for diseases which has found so many cures for diseases and led to the development of many medicines which benefit the whole太深了Thomas MalthusConsider the example of Thomas Malthus.His main contribution to economics was his theory of population. According to Malthus, population tends to increase faster than the supply of food available for its needs. Whenever a relative gain occurs in food production over population growth, a higher rate of population increase is stimulated激励; on the other hand, if population grows too much faster than food production, the growth is checked延缓by famines, diseases, and wars.Malthus’s theory contradicted the optimistic belief prevailing in the early 19th country, that a society’s fertility肥沃would lead to economic progress. The writings of Malthus encouraged the first systematic demographic studies.Hesitation犹豫stay at home nurturing children caring for elders achieve successIn the nineteenth century, most employers would refuse without hesitation any request for outdoor work from women, because they firmly believed that women should stay at home, nurturing children and caring for elders. However, this unfair and harmful notion has been corrected today. A number of talented women have not only been offered the outdoor work but also have achieved great success in most fields such as business, government, and science and so on. Nowadays women have become an indispensable part in society compared to their limited role at home in the past.Confidently possibility compatible兼容的ethically its genetic donor基因供体Consider, for example, the technology of cloning. At the beginning of the study of this technology, scientists confidently proclaim宣告that the possibility of cloning humans will greatly benefit people because it provides a new cure for patients in need of compatible organs for survival. However, in fact, the new technology has caused a number of controversial issues: Is it ethically right or wrong to clone humans for their body organs? What psychological心理学issues would result for a cloned child compared to its genetic donor? In effect, most nations in the world have began to regulate the study of human cloning with v arious degrees of restriction. For instance, France and Italy have banned cloning altogether, and the United Kingdom has passed a relevant law, which prohibits placing a cloned human embryo in women’s bodies.The dangers of sleep deprivation丧失go far beyond the obvious risks and can, in fact, underminde all areas of an in dividual’ physical and mental health. Sleep deprivation weakens the immune system, making an individual more prone to diseases,such as the common cold and diabetes糖尿病.Consider the example of Deng Xiaoping, the outstanding leader in Chinese history. In the 1970s, in an effort to solve the problem of economic stagnation and lasting poverty of the nation, the new leader put forward the Reform and Opening policy, which encouraged the development offree-market economy and decreased the proportion比例of plan economy, because plan economy had seriously stunted 阻碍the further development of this nation. However, the new policy was not understood and even resisted by groups of people, because before 1970 they were always encouraged by Chairman Mao to eliminate排除any economic phenomena relevant to capitalism, including free-market economy. Fortunately, the insistence of Deng in carrying out the new policy has finally brought benefits to the nation, which has resulted in a stable and dynamic economy growth and in the increasing level of people’s life.Consider, for example, Bill Gates, the former chief executive of Microsoft Corporation.●He left Harvard with a strong desire to run his own business，although at that time he hadnot graduated yet. The global monopoly of Windows operating systems brought him a great success, which contributed to his long stay at the top of the wealth ranking list of the world.●Meanwhile, he is adored by most American for his contribution to lifting American economyout of lasting stagnation in the Great Depression.( 1970s)●After his success, he has provided financial support for a number of charitable institutions,especially the famous one set up by his wife and himself which is aimed at the elimination of malaria疟疾.Consider the example of Hitler, the leader of Germany in the World War II. Doldrums情绪低沉●In order to transfer the mass’s attention from the nation’s economic doldrums in the GreatDepression, he began to wield his power irrationally and immorally,such as waging wars, murdering Jews and so on.●Meanwhile, he also set into prison those attempting 试图to persuade him to change hisdetrimental 有害的不利的behavior.●As a result, his atrocities暴行soon aroused great anger of people in other countries, whichpushed them to fight against him. Ultimately,最终he forfeited his leadership and ended in suicide.Consider the example of Martin Luther King●Martin Luther King is a famous leader of the Campaign of Civil Rights for Blacks in the UnitedStates.●He was the leading advocate of civil disobedience不服从as a means of social reform andhad serious doubts about ideals to which people were so committed忠诚的.●I have a dream,his famous speech, has inspired thousands of people to take part in thecampaign of Civil Rights for Blacks.Consider the example of Newton 牛顿小时成绩不好Newton was not a good farmer and was sent to Cambridge to become a preacher.传道士During his life Newton studied and was responsible for an unbelievable amount of scientific insights. These ranged from the study of optics光学, motion, leading to his famous three laws, developed calculus, and more importantly for our discussion, universal gravitation.Scientific insight optics motion three laws calculus universal gravitationCopernicus哥白尼Galileo predecessors前辈In challenging the common notion that the Earth was the center of the universe,Copernicus devoted himself in the study of the universe and finally found the earth is moving around the sun,which became the theory that Galileo attempted to justify with his observation. Both of the two predecessors’ work contributed to Newton’s famous discovery- the universal gravitation. Copernicus GalileoConsider the example of WattWatt’s inspiration灵感was from the fact that he happened to see the boiling water vapor pushing the kettle upward, which became the basis of the principles of steam engine. And the wide use of steam engine led to the industry revolution.Kettle pushing principle of the steam engine industry revolutionConsider, for example, Einstein and his theory of relativity. In this theory, he pointed out that the pace and direction of time is relative to observer’s motion through the space, which was proved by following scientists with empirical evidence. However, in his later life, when the new theories of quantum量子could not reconcile使协调调和with some conclusions of his theory, he spent his last life in modifying修改the differences between them.Consider, for example, the nuclear weapon. On the one hand, they play an effective role against invasion侵略from other nations. On the other hand, atomic blasts and nuclear accidents, such as the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, have murdured thousands of innocent people.Mechanization and automation introduction lessen struggle assembly line technological innovations inaugurate 开始emancipate解放arduous辛劳的physical boring repetitive tasksIn argriculture, with the i ntroduction of mechanization and automation, the production has been largely promoted, which helps lessen the burden on farmers to struggle for survival. In industry, with the benefit of so many technological innovations, such as the steam engine and the assembly line流水线, which inaugurate the industry revolution, workers are emancipated from arduous physical work and boring repetitive tasks.Instant 即时的messenger services enhanceInstant messenger services allow real time communication with anyone who has a computer and access to the Internet in the world.The development of technology and science contributes to providing more effective methods to fight against diseases and to enhance people’s health conditions.Van Gough suffered from non-recognition of his art and the subsequent poverty and mental derangement精神分裂.Michelangelo’s artistic greatness impressed the pope教皇and won him the patronage赞助from the pope.Mozart’s music talent was immediately recognized by contemporary同时代的people when he was still young.Mark Twain’s novels were always the best-sellers, which received great appreciation.。