美国文学史考试复习资料

1美国文学史复习（colonialism)第一部分殖民主义时期的文学一、时期综述1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives日记b、journals游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：1）their voyage to the new land2)Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3)About dealing with Indians4)Guide to the new land,endless bounty,invitation to bold spirit3、清教徒的思想：1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices2)Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology.3look upon themselves as chosen people,and it follow logically that anyone who challenged the ir way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted.4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.。

4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton&Roger William他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America.5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions.Instead,it sprang from the idea that si mply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others.He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with Go6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.学习指南：1、Could you give a description of American Puritans?关于美国清教徒的描绘Like their brothers back in England,were idealists,believing that the church should be restored to the"purity"of the first·century church as established by Jesus Christ himself.To them religion was a matter of primary importance.They made it their chief business to see that man lived and th ought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God.They accepted the doctrine of predesti nation,original sin and total depravity,and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace f rom God,all that John Calvin,the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness.There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven.2，，Hard work,thrift,piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest A merican writing.3、The work of two writers,Anne Bradstreet&Edward Taylor,rose to the level of real poetry. 4．The earliest settlers included Dutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards Italian,and Portugu ese.美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution))一、美国的性质：The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic repu blic-the United States of America.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。

二、代表作家：1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-17901）"Poor Richard's Almanac"穷人查理德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs流行谚语It soon became the most popular book of its kind,largely because of Franklin's shrewd humo r,and first spread his reputation2)Founded the Junto,a club for informal discussion of scientific,economic and political ideas.3）established America's first circulating library,founded the college--University of Pennsylvania.4.first applied the terms"positive"and"negative"to electrical charges.5)As a representative of the Colonies,he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England.He conducted the diffic ulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the w ar.6）As an author he had power of expression,simplicity,a subtle humor,sarcastic.7）The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography2、Thomas Paine托马斯·佩因1737-1809"Great Common of Mankind"最平凡的人1）famous pamphlet"Common Sense"著名的政治小册子《常识》it boldly advocated a "Declaration for Independence",and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis.拥护独立宣言，是分裂活动发展成最后危机。

2）"American Crisis"《美国危机》，signed"Common Sense"(p31,第一段）The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰弗逊1）drafted the Declaration of Independence.起草了独立宣言2）与清教徒不同，主张追求幸福。

All Men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Ri ghts,that among these are Life,Liberty and the Pursuit of happiness.人人生而平等，他们都从“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。