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雷泰红外线测温仪

雷泰红外线测温仪Compact 系列测温范围从-40 to 600°C (-40 to 1112°F) ，高性能、价格低廉、是OEM用户的理想选择。

Compact GP雷泰GP系列红外测温仪是一种多用途、二件式的温度监测仪器，它由小巧、性能价格比高的显示表和红外探头组成。

GP系列具有较强的红外测量功能，包括：峰值/谷值保持、平均值和零点可调；可连接多种探头。

GP系列红外测温仪结实、耐用、有标准焦距和近焦距两种型号，精度为目标温度读数值的1%。

Compact MIRaytek MI 传感器是一个由两部分组成的红外温度测量系统，由微型传感头和单独的电子部分组成。

微型传感头的尺寸很小，可以安装在任何地方，但其性能却与一些较大和较昂贵的系统相当。

MI 传感器可以测量-40 至600°C（-40 至1112°F）范围内的温度。

MI 传感器的信号处理电路具有发射率、峰值保持、谷值保持和平均功能，可以通过5 位LCD 显示屏轻松进行调节。

Raytek CI Compact CI ™系列红外传感器能精确重复测量从一个物体发出的热量并把能量转化为可测电信号。

CI ™测量的目标温度范围是0 到 500°C (32 到 932°F)。

CI ™电路板由耐用的符合IP65(NEMA-4)标准的不锈钢机壳保护。

无冷却时，传感头可耐环温70°C (160°F) ；有冷却套时，能承受的环境温度高达260°C (500°F)。

Raytek CM雷泰新一代CM 高性能迷你型红外测温仪，专为满足工业设备用户的多种应用需求。

CM 红外测温仪温度范围广、精度高、体积小、多种输出模式、性价比高，是系统集成商、设备配套商的最佳选择。

Raytek MI3测温范围-40 到 1650°C 和各种类型的传感头选项，MI3 系列为OEM 和工业制造过程提供了创新的解决方案Marathon 系列更高级别的温度测量传感器、更远光学分辨率、光纤探头，特别适用于恶劣工作环境下的应用，温度测量范围 -40 到 3000ºC (-40 to 5432ºF).新型Marathon MM 系列平台，温度测量范围为-40℃ ~ 3000℃（-40℉ ~5432℉），由6 种红外线（IR)温度传感器组成，每一种传感器都可以测量一定范围的波长，并分别可以测量低温（-40℃~800℃/-40℉~1472℉）、中温（250℃~1100℃/482℉~2012℉），或者高温（300℃~3000℃/572℉~3273℉）等温度范围的物体。

特瑞德产品

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技术要求:
1、材料：圆钢 18/ Q235A； 2、未注公差尺寸的极限偏差按GB/T1804-m； 3、未注明倒角为0.5X45°。
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TAVRIDA ELECTRIC 8TEC.127.012
Article No./Reference Date 2009-3-13
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baosteel标准对照外标含量

5、“热轧带钢”１．产品：普通碳素结构钢钢带标准：（GB/T3524-1992 、GB/T8164-1993 、QJ/HG02.22-1995规格：厚度： 2.0 -5.0mm 宽度：100 -230mm钢种：HG5 、Q215 、Q235２．产品：优质碳素结构钢钢带标准：（GB8749-1998 、GB/T8164-1993 size="3"> ）规格：厚度： 2.5 -4.5mm 宽度：钢种：10# 、20# 、45# 、50# 、40Mn 、45Mn 、65Mn ３．产品：自行车链条用钢带标准：QJ/HG02.15-1991规格：厚度： 2.75 -4.5mm 宽度：125 -205mm钢种：ZL20MnSi用途：焊接管用、工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、建筑机械、工具用、弹簧用（卷帘门弹簧、卡簧等）“ 冷轧带钢”１．产品：碳素结构钢冷轧钢带标准：（GB716-1991 、QJ/HG02.22-1995 ）规格：厚度：0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种：HG5 、Q215 、Q235２．产品：优质碳素结构钢冷轧钢带标准：GB3522-1983 规格：厚度：0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm钢种：10# 、20# 、40Mn 、45# 、50#３．产品：自行车链条用冷轧钢带标准：（QJ/HG02.15-1991 、GB3522-1983 ）规格：厚度：0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：125 -205mm钢种：ZL20MnSi 用途：工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、刀具用、家具用“ 小型材”１．产品：圆钢（小轧股份公司生产）标准：（GB699-1988 、GB700-1988 、GB3077-1988 、GB702-1986 、QJ/HG02.17-1991 ）规格：10 -42mm （10 、12 、14 、16 、18 、20 、22 、25 、28 、30 、32 、34 、35 、36 、38 、40 、42mm ）钢种：Q215 、Q235 、45# 、50# 、HG3 、20CrMnTi 、20Cr 、20CrMo 、35CrMo 、42CrMo 、60Si2Mn 、40Cr用途：机械零件、轴、五金工具、齿轮用钢、标准件用钢等；螺铆、螺栓、轴、销、自行车、摩托车等配件２．产品：螺纹钢筋标准:(GB1499-1991 、BS4449:1988 ）规格：10 、12 、14 、16 、18 、20 、22 、25 、28 、32 、36 、40mm钢种：20MnSi 、20MnV 、25MnSi 、BS20MnSi 。

常见焊条焊丝型号牌号对照一览表

0.40
0.030
0.030
Cu0.20/0.50
Ni0.20/0.50
420
(例值)
535
(例值)
27
(例值)
-40℃
36
(例值)
耐候钢专用焊条，用于铁路耐候车辆的焊接
THJ502NiCrCu
E5003-G
(TB)
0.12
0.30/0.90
0.40
0.030
0.030
Cr0.20/0.50
Ni0.20/0.50
THJ506NiCrCu
E5016-G
(TB)
0.10
1.25
0.60
0.020
0.025
Cu0.20/0.40
Cr0.30/0.80
Ni0.20/0.50
400
500
22
-40℃
60
用于50Kg级耐候钢的焊接
THJ506NH
E5016-G
0.10
0.50/1.30
0.40
0.020
0.030
Cu0.20/0.35
用于相同类型不锈钢以及复合钢结构的焊接
THT-317
THS-317
H08Cr19Ni14Mo3
用于重要的耐腐蚀化工容器的焊接
THT-317L
THS-317L
H03Cr19Ni14Mo3
用于重要的耐腐蚀化工容器的焊接
THT-321
THS-321
H08Cr19Ni10Ti
用于304、321、347型不锈钢以及耐热钢的焊接
THJ506
E5016
E7016
THA107
E308-15
E308-15

RI-415中文说明书

第 5 页共 17 页
传感器连接错误
大约 5 秒钟
WARMING UP 30sec
大约 30 秒钟 STAND BY OK
大约 5 秒钟 0.0％LEL
进入检测模式
（1）显示：泵连接错误；（见 3.1）
FAIL
PUMP
（2）显示：电池电压低；（见 4.1）
（灯：亮；蜂鸣器：持续鸣叫）
REPLACE BATTERY
2.6 测量结束（1）测量结束后的操作
在连接采样螺旋管的情况下，吸入新鲜空气，直到 LCD 显示浓度值接近零点。（2）关闭电源
按住 POWER 开关大约 5 秒钟，电源关闭。在按住开关关闭电源时，蜂鸣器鸣叫 10 次。注意：不要忘记通入空气回到零点。不管测量气体状况，通入空气至少 5 秒钟。如果没有通入空气回零，会发生如下情况造成测量故障： a．如果有水、油和水蒸气粘着灰尘，水和油会在下次测量时被吸入仪器。 b．由于吸入的可燃性气体依然存在管路中，对下次测量产生故障。
HOLD ZERO KEY
按住 ZERO 键 3 秒钟
APPLY FRESH AIR
确认新鲜空气进入仪器后按 ENTER
第 6 页共 17 页
APPLY FRESH AIR
确认
ADJUSTING ZERO
大约 3 秒钟大约 3 秒钟
ZERO SET OK 0.0%LEL
零点校准错误浓度显示
气体零点调整错误显示如下：（见 3.1）
显示校准气体名称。（8）显示单元（LCD 伴有背光）
显示气体浓度或其它内容。（9）报警灯
报警时闪烁。（10）光敏传感器窗口
敏感周围光强度来点亮液晶背光。（11）气体入口

高频燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定钢铁中超低含量的碳硫

高频燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定钢铁中超低含量的碳硫王楠;童晓旻;高春英【摘要】通过对气体净化,坩埚处理,试样处理及称样量选择,助熔剂种类及用量等因素的优化,建立了钢铁中超低含量碳硫的测定方法,实验结果表明:比较器水平设为1％,分析时间设为45 s,坩埚在1 350℃下预烧45 min,选择钨作为助熔剂且使用前在140℃烘3h,助熔剂用量为1.5g,称样量为0.5g时,是分析钢铁中碳硫含量在0.001％～0.01％的最佳条件,方法重复性好,准确度高,在实际操作中切实可行.【期刊名称】《中国无机分析化学》【年(卷),期】2014(004)004【总页数】3页(P39-41)【关键词】钢铁;碳硫分析;高频燃烧红外吸收光谱法【作者】王楠;童晓旻;高春英【作者单位】东北大学分析测试中心,沈阳110004;东北大学分析测试中心,沈阳110004;东北大学分析测试中心,沈阳110004【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O657.33;TH744.120 引言高频燃烧红外吸收光谱法测定钢中碳硫是较为普遍也较为成熟的碳硫分析方法[1-2]，所分析的碳的范围多数在0.10%～4.3%，硫的范围0.05%～0.30%[3]。

随着市场对钢材优质化和品种多样化要求不断提高，各种新型钢种特殊钢种不断出现，这些新钢种的杂质元素很多都要求控制在μg/g级[4]，因此对钢中超低含量碳硫的准确分析，是科研和生产活动的迫切需要，同时也对未来出现的新钢种中超低碳硫的分析具有一定的指导意义，目前对钢铁中超低含量碳硫的分析有相关文献报道，柳轶男[5]等对影响钢铁中碳硫分析的相关因素进行了探讨建立了最佳分析条件，并对碳含量0.08%，硫含量0.027%的标准样品进行了测定，取得了满意效果，刘金祥[6]等通过对氧气净化、坩埚预处理等条件的优化实现了对碳含量0.027%，硫含量0.013%的标准样品的准确测定，相关的报道还有很多[7-10]，在吸取前人经验的基础上，对钢铁中超低含量碳硫的测定进行了更加详实的研究。

ASTME415-2008

Designation:E415–08Standard Test Method forAtomic Emission Vacuum Spectrometric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel1This standard is issued under theﬁxed designation E415;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1This test method covers the simultaneous determination of20alloying and residual elements in carbon and low-alloy steels in the concentration ranges shown(Note1).Concentration Range,%Element Applicable Range,%A Quantitative Range,%B Aluminum0to0.0750.02to0.075Arsenic0to0.10.05to0.1Boron0to0.0070.002to0.007Calcium0to0.0030.001to0.003Carbon0to1.10.08to1.1Chromium0to2.250.02to2.25Cobalt0to0.180.008to0.18Copper0to0.50.04to0.5Manganese0to2.00.10to2.0Molybdenum0to0.60.03to0.6Nickel0to5.00.02to5.0Niobium0to0.0850.02to0.085Nitrogen0to0.0150.004to0.015 Phosphorous0to0.0850.02to0.085Silicon0to1.150.07to1.15Sulfur0to0.0550.01to0.055Tin0to0.0450.01to0.045Titanium0to0.20.004to0.2Vanadium0to0.30.004to0.3Zirconium0to0.050.02to0.05A Applicable range in accordance with Guide E1763for results reported in accordance with Practice E1950.B Quantitative range in accordance with Practice E1601.N OTE1—The concentration ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing2of reference materials.Included, in addition to the original data of Test Method E415–71,are data from cooperative testing of a broader range of reference materials to expand the element concentration ranges.1.2This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap the bore of the spark stand opening(to effect an argon seal).The specimen thickness can vary signiﬁcantly according to the design of the spectrometer stand,but a thickness between10mm and38mm has been found to be most practical.1.3This test method covers the routine control analysis in iron and steelmaking operations and the analysis of processed material.It is designed for chill-cast,rolled,and forged specimens.Better performance is expected when reference materials and specimens are of similar metallurgical condition and composition.However,it is not required for all applica-tions of this standard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:3E135Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals,Ores,and Related MaterialsE158Practice for Fundamental Calculations to Convert Intensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spec-trochemical Analysis4E305Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical CurvesE350Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel,Silicon Electrical Steel,Ingot Iron,and Wrought IronE406Practice for Using Controlled Atmospheres in Spec-trochemical AnalysisE1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon,Sulfur, Nitrogen,and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron,Nickel,and Cobalt AlloysE1329Practice for Veriﬁcation and Use of Control Charts in Spectrochemical AnalysisE1601Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical MethodE1763Guide for Interpretation and Use of Results from Interlaboratory Testing of Chemical Analysis MethodsE1806Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determi-nation of Chemical Composition1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01on Analytical Chemistry for Metals,Ores and Related Materials and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E01.01on Iron,Steel,and Ferroalloys.Current edition approved June1,2008.Published July2008.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2005as E415–99a(2005).2Supporting data have beenﬁled at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E2-1004.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Withdrawn.Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.E1950Practice for Reporting Results from Methods of Chemical Analysis3.Terminology3.1For deﬁnitions of terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology E135.4.Summary of Test Method4.1A capacitor discharge is produced between theﬂat, ground surface of the disk specimen and a conically shaped electrode.The discharge is terminated at a predetermined intensity time integral of a selected iron line,or at a predeter-mined time,and the relative radiant energies of the analytical lines are recorded.The most sensitive lines of arsenic,boron, carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,sulfur,and tin lie in the vacuum ultraviolet region.The absorption of the radiation by air in this region is overcome by evacuating the spectrometer andﬂush-ing the spark chamber with argon.5.Signiﬁcance and Use5.1This test method for the spectrometric analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional speciﬁcations.It is assumed that all who use this test method will be analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely.It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.6.Apparatus6.1Sampling Devices:6.1.1Refer to Practice E1806for devices and practices to sample liquid and solid iron and steel.6.2Excitation Source,capable of providing electrical pa-rameters to spark a sample.See11.1for details.6.3Spark Chamber,automaticallyﬂushed with argon.The spark chamber shall be mounted directly on the spectrometer and shall be provided with a spark stand to hold aﬂat specimen and a lower counter electrode of rod form.N OTE2—Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning the excitation chamber(during continuous operation,this typically should be done every24h).Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning the entrance lens or window(veriﬁer data or other reference sample intensity data can typically indicate when this is necessary). 6.4Spectrometer,having a reciprocal linear dispersion of 0.60nm/mm,or better,in theﬁrst order and a focal length of 0.75m to3m.Its approximate range shall be from120.0nm to400.0nm.Masks shall be provided in the spectrometer to eliminate scattered radiation.The spectrometer shall be pro-vided with an air inlet and a vacuum outlet.The spectrometer shall be operated at a vacuum of3.33Pa(25µm of mercury) or below.The primary slit width can range from20µm to50µm.Secondary slit widths can vary(normally between37µm and200µm)depending on the element wavelength and possible interfering wavelengths.6.5Measuring System,consisting of photomultipliers hav-ing individual voltage adjustments,capacitors in which the output of each photomultiplier is stored,a voltage measuring system to register the voltages on the capacitors either directly or indirectly,and the necessary switching arrangements to provide the desired sequence of operation.6.6Vacuum Pump,capable of maintaining a vacuum of3.33 Pa(25µm Hg)or less.N OTE3—A pump with a displacement of at least0.23m3/min(8 ft3/min)is usually adequate.6.7Gas System,consisting of an argon supply with pressure andﬂow regulation.Automatic sequencing shall be provided to actuate theﬂow at a given rate for a speciﬁc time interval.The ﬂow rate may be manually or automatically controlled.The argon system shall be in accordance with Practice E406.7.Reagents and Materials7.1Counter Electrodes—The counter electrodes can be silver or thoriated tungsten rods,or other material,provided it can be shown experimentally that equivalent precision and bias is obtained.The rods can vary in diameter from1.5mm to6.5 mm(depending on the instrument manufacturer)and typically are machined to a90°or120°angled tip.N OTE4—A black deposit will collect on the tip of the electrode.This deposit should be removed between specimens(typically with a wire brush).If not removed,it can reduce the overall intensity of the spectral radiation or transfer slight amounts of contamination between specimens, or both.The number of acceptable excitations on an electrode varies from one instrument to another,and should be established in each laboratory.It has been reported that thousands of excitations can be performed on a thoriated tungsten electrode before replacement is necessary.7.2Inert Gas,Argon,in accordance with Practice E406.8.Reference Materials8.1Certiﬁed Reference Materials(CRMs)—These are avail-able from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)and other sources and span all or part of the concen-tration ranges listed in1.1.They are used to calibrate the spectrometer for the elements of interest or to validate the performance of the test method.It is not recommended to use CRMs as veriﬁers or to establish the repeatability of the chemical measurement process.Differences can occur between CRMs and production samples prepared by the sampling procedures recommended in this test method.Certain el-ement’s(for example,sulfur)calibrations may need to be corrected with values from reference materials made by normal production sampling techniques and analyzed by Test Methods E350and E1019.N OTE5—Certiﬁed Reference Materials manufactured by NIST are trademarked with the name,“Standard Reference Materials,SRMs.”8.2Reference Materials(RMs)—These are available from multiple suppliers or can be developed in house.RMs are typically used to control(veriﬁers)and drift correct(standar-dants)the spectrometer.These reference materials shall be homogenous and contain appropriate concentrations of each element to be controlled or drift corrected,or both.9.Preparation of Specimens and Reference Materials 9.1The specimens and reference materials must be prepared in the same manner.A specimen cut from a large sample section must be of sufficient size and thickness forpreparationand to properlyﬁt the spectrometer stand.A10mm to38-mm thick specimen is normally most practical.9.2Ensure the specimens are free from voids and pits in the region to be excited(Note6).Initially grind the surface with a 50-grit to80-grit abrasive belt or disc(wet or dry).Perform the ﬁnal grind with a dry abrasive belt or disc.Aﬁner abrasive grinding media(for example,120-grit)may be used for the ﬁnal grind,but is not essential(Note7).N OTE6—Specimen porosity is undesirable because it leads to the improper“diffuse-type”rather than the desired“concentrated-type”dis-charge.The specimen surface should be kept clean because the specimen is the electron emitter,and electron emission is inhibited by oily,dirty surfaces.N OTE7—Reference materials and specimens must be reﬁnished dry on an abrasive belt or disc before being re-excited on the same area10.Preparation of ApparatusN OTE8—The instructions given in this test method apply to most spectrometers;however,some settings and adjustments may need to be varied,and additional preparation of the equipment may be required.It is not within the scope of an ASTM test method to prescribe the minute details of the apparatus preparation,which may differ not only for each manufacturer,but also for different equipment from the same manufac-turer.For a description of and further details of operation of a particular spectrometer,refer to the manufacturer’s handbook.10.1Program the spectrometer to accommodate the internal standard lines and one of the analytical lines for each element listed in Table1.Multiple lines may be used for a given element(for example,nickel)depending on the concentration range and the individual spectrometer software.N OTE9—The lines listed in Table1have proven satisfactory for the elements and concentration ranges described in the scope.Other internal standard and analytical lines,such as those listed in Table2,may be used provided that it can be shown experimentally that equivalent precision and accuracy are obtained.10.2Test the positioning of the spectrometer entrance slit to ensure that peak radiation is entering the spectrometer cham-ber.This shall be done initially and as often as necessary to maintain proper entrance slit alignment.Follow the manufac-turer’s recommended procedures.The laboratory will deter-mine the frequency of positioning the alignment based on instrument performance.10.3Exit slit positioning and alignment is normally per-formed by the manufacturer at spectrometer assembly.Under normal circumstances,further exit slit alignment is not neces-sary(Note10).N OTE10—The manner and frequency of positioning or checking the position of the exit slits will depend on factors such as:the type of spectrometer,the variety of analytical problems encountered,and the frequency of use.Each laboratory should establish a suitable check procedure utilizing qualiﬁed service engineers.11.Excitation and Exposure11.1Electrical Parameters(Note11):11.1.1Excitation parameters are normally established by the spectrometer manufacturer.The following ranges are his-torical guidelines and newer instruments may vary from these.Triggered Capacitor DischargeCapacitance,µF10to15Inductance,µH50to70Resistance,V3to5Potential,V940to1000TABLE1Internal Standard and Analytical LinesElement Wavelength,nmLineClassiﬁcation APossible Interference BAluminum394.40I V,Mn,Mo,Ni308.22I V,MnArsenic197.20I Mo,W193.76I MnBoron182.64I S,Mn,Mo182.59I W,Mn,CuCalcium396.85II NbCarbon193.09I AlChromium298.92II Mn,V,Ni,Nb,Mo267.72II Mn,Mo,WCobalt345.35I Cr,Mo228.62II Ni,CrCopper327.40I Nb213.60II Mo,CrIron(IS)271.44II273.07II CoManganese293.31II Cr,Mo,Ni255.86II ZrMolybdenum379.83II Mn277.54I Cu,V,Co,Mn386.41I V,CrNickel231.60II Co,Ti227.02II Nb,WNiobium319.50II Mo,Al,VNitrogen149.26I Fe,Ti,Si,Mn,Cu,Niand nitride formingelements such as Ti Phosphorus178.29I MoSilicon288.16I Mo,Cr,W251.61I Fe,VSulfur180.73I MnTin189.99II Mn,Mo,AlTitanium337.28II Nb324.20II NbVanadium310.23II Fe,Mo,Nb,Ni311.07II Mn,Ti,FeZirconium343.82II WA The numerals I or II in the line classiﬁcation column indicate that the line has been classiﬁed in a term array and deﬁnitely assigned to the normal atom(I)or to the singly ionized atom(II).B Interferences are dependent upon instrument design,spectrum line choices, and excitation conditions,and those listed require conﬁrmation based upon specimens selected especially to demonstrate suspected interferences.TABLE2Other Analytical LinesElement Wavelength,nmLineClassiﬁcation APossible Interference B Arsenic189.04I V,CrCarbon165.81ICopper224.26II Ni324.75I Mn,NbMolybdenum202.03II281.62II MnSilicon212.415II Mo,Ni,V,Cu,NbA The numerals I or II in the line classiﬁcation column indicate that the line has been classiﬁed in a term array and deﬁnitely assigned to the normal atom(I)or to the singly ionized atom(II).B Interferences are dependent upon instrument design,dispersion,spectrum line choices,and excitation conditions,and those listed require conﬁrmation based upon specimens selected especially to demonstrate suspectedinterferences.Current,A,r-f0.3to0.8Number of discharges60N OTE11—When parameter values are established,maintain them carefully.The variation of the power supply voltage shall not exceed 65%and preferably should be held within62%.11.1.2Initiation Circuit—The initiator circuit parameters shall be adequate to uniformly trigger the capacitor discharge. The following settings are historical guidelines and newer instruments may vary from these:Capacitance,µF0.0025Inductance,µH residualResistance,V 2.5Peak voltage,V1800011.1.3Other Electrical Parameters—Excitation units,on which the precise parameters given in11.1.1and11.1.2are not available,may be used provided that it can be shown experi-mentally that equivalent precision and accuracy are obtained.11.2Excitation Conditions(Note12)—The following ranges are normally adequate:Argonﬂush period,s5to15Preburn period,s5to20Exposure period,s3to30Argonﬂow(Note13)ft3/h L/minFlush5to45 2.5to25Preburn5to45 2.5to25Exposure5to30 2.5to15N OTE12—Select preburn and exposure periods after a study of vola-tization rates during specimen excitations.Once established,maintain the parameters consistently.N OTE13—A high-purity argon atmosphere is required at the analytical gap.Molecular gas impurities,nitrogen,oxygen,hydrocarbons,or water vapor,either in the gas system or from improperly prepared specimens should be minimized.11.3Electrode System—The specimen,electrically nega-tive,serves as one electrode.The opposite electrode is a thoriated tungsten or silver rod,the tip of which has been machined to a90°or120°angled e either a3mm,4 mm,or5-mm(60.1-mm)analytical gap.Condition a fresh counter electrode with two to six excitations using the operat-ing conditions described in11.1and11.2.11.4Photomultiplier Potentials—The sensitivity of the photomultipliers is normally established and set by the spec-trometer manufacturer based on the particular wavelengths selected.N OTE14—The range of anode to cathode potentials for a given tube should be speciﬁed,that is650V dc to1000V dc.If within the potential range the tube is either too sensitive or too insensitive for the element concentration range,select another photomultiplier.The potentials on the capacitors may be read directly,or a number of different readout systems may be employed,which yield linear or logarithmic functions of the potentials and which may be displayed as relative numbers or as numbers calibrated directly in terms of percent.12.Calibration,Standardization,and Veriﬁcation12.1Calibration—Using the conditions given in11.1-11.3, excite calibrants and potential standardants in a random se-quence,bracketing these with excitations of any materials intended for use as veriﬁers.(A veriﬁer may be used as a calibrant even though it is burned only as a veriﬁer.)There shall be at least three calibrants for each element,spanning the required concentration range.Excite each calibrant,standar-dant,and veriﬁer two to four times and use the average value. If the spectrometer system and software permits,repeat with different random sequences at least two ing the averages of the data for each point,determine analytical curves as directed in Practices E158and E305.12.2Standardization—Following the manufacturer’s rec-ommendations,standardize on an initial setup or anytime that it is known or suspected that readings have shifted.Make the necessary corrections either by adjusting the controls on the readout or by applying arithmetic corrections.Standardization will be done anytime veriﬁcation indicates that readings have gone out of statistical control.12.3Veriﬁcation—Verify that the instrument’s standardiza-tion is valid immediately after each standardization and as required in accordance with12.3.2.12.3.1Analyze veriﬁers in accordance with Section13.If results do not fall within the control limits established in12.4, run another standardization or investigate why the instrument may be malfunctioning.12.3.2Each laboratory shall determine the frequency of veriﬁcation necessary based on statistical analysis.Typically every4h to8h is practical and adequate.If the results are not within the control limits established in12.4,perform a stan-dardization and repeat veriﬁcation.Repeat standardization as necessary so veriﬁcations are within control limits or investi-gate further for instrument problems.12.4Quality Control—Establish control limits in accor-dance with MNL7A,5Practice E1329,or other equivalent quality control procedure.13.Excitation and Radiation Measurements13.1Place the prepared surface of the specimen on the excitation stand so that excitation will impinge on a location approximately6mm(1⁄4in.)from the edge of the specimen. N OTE15—With certain spectrometers,a properly excited specimen usually exhibits a dark ring around the pitted sparked area.With that equipment,a smooth,white,texture burn without the characteristic dark ring indicates an improperly excited specimen.However,if boron nitride disks are used to mechanically restrict the excited area of the sample,a properly excited specimen may not exhibit a dark ring.13.2Excite specimens in duplicate and report the average of the duplicate results.14.Calculation14.1Using the average results obtained in13.2,calculate the concentration of the elements from the analytical curves developed in12.1.15.Precision and Bias15.1Precision—Up to eight laboratories cooperated in performing this test method and obtained the statistical infor-mation summarized in Table3.Additional data for within-laboratory variability of results,obtained by analyzing three specimens of one material in seven laboratories in accordance 5MNL7A Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis,ASTM Manual Series,ASTM International,7th ed.,2002.with source conditions speciﬁed in this method,are given inTable4.Other specimens may exhibit greater or less variabilityusing the same instrument and excitation conditions.TABLE3Statistical Information(Test Method E415Extension Study)ElementAverageConcentrationNumber ofLaboratoriesRepeatability,R1ARelativeRepeatability,%Reproducibility,R2ARelativeReproducibility,%Aluminum0.066970.004 5.980.02534.70.062550.003 4.800.02336.80.021270.00523.60.01151.9 Antimony0.003820.000718.40.00126.3 Arsenic0.041560.00512.00.027265.60.014460.00748.60.0247172. Boron0.006370.000711.10.001117.50.003870.000718.40.0042110.0.000670.000350.00.0009150. Carbon 1.05470.053 5.030.10810.20.50770.025 4.930.06112.00.03370.02575.80.042127. Chromium 1.57470.043 3.380.17613.81.30760.1239.410.1249.492.12870.057 2.680.23210.90.11870.003 2.540.0119.320.09370.003 3.230.0088.60 Cobalt0.15740.008 5.100.05736.30.11470.0119.650.02320.20.008680.00078.140.00446.5 Copper0.43570.025 5.750.0398.970.15070.009 6.000.02617.30.05470.00814.80.02240.7 Manganese 1.89370.052 2.750.1819.561.49470.052 3.480.1419.440.55970.023 4.110.07413.20.31670.013 4.110.05116.1 Molybdenum0.56170.012 2.140.16829.90.32570.008 2.460.03711.40.14770.005 3.400.01610.9 Nickel 4.79660.275 5.730.69114.12.20870.112 5.070.1647.430.18060.012 6.670.02212.20.10870.006 5.560.0109.260.057870.003 5.190.01526.0 Niobium0.07670.0079.210.01013.20.008450.00335.70.018214.0.007850.00338.50.014179. Phosphorus0.077570.005 6.450.01721.90.037970.0037.920.01231.70.012470.00324.20.00972.6 Silicon 1.06370.031 2.920.10710.10.39170.015 3.840.09925.30.17670.006 3.410.03519.9 Sulfur0.050570.00611.90.01529.70.020970.00528.90.00733.50.014670.00213.70.00541.1 Tin0.04070.002 5.000.02460.00.02470.0028.330.01145.80.005670.00117.90.007125. Titanium0.19070.02412.60.04523.7ElementAverage ConcentrationNumber of LaboratoriesRepeatability,R 1ARelative Repeatability,%Reproducibility,R 2ARelativeReproducibility,%0.02970.00413.80.01758.60.001970.000736.80.002105.Vanadium0.27970.007 2.510.04114.70.09170.002 2.200.01516.50.002670.00027.690.00276.9Zirconium0.043950.00613.70.00920.50.007550.00226.70.012160.0.002550.00140.00.008320.AR 1is equivalent to r ,Practice E 1601;R 2is equivalent to R ,Practice E 1601.TABLE 4Variability of Results Within Individual Laboratories (NBS 1262)Element NBSValue Average Con-centration,%Labo-ratory Standard Deviation,%ARelative StandardDeviation,RSD%B Element NBSValue Average Con-centration,%Labo-ratory Standard Deviation,%ARelative Standard Deviation,RSD %BAluminum 0.08710.0032 3.70Molybdenum 0.06810.0012 1.460.0950.093620.0047 5.030.0680.068120.0040 5.910.082330.008310.100.066330.00173 2.600.099240.0030 3.010.06940.000640.920.099950.0019 1.900.06850.0011 1.600.09560.0015 1.580.06960.000680.980.089970.0012 1.360.064570.00050.73Antimony 0.012510.001814.40Nickel ...1no value no value 0.012no value 2no value no value 0.590.59720.0078 1.31no value 3no value no value 0.56030.0069 1.22no value 4no value no value 0.58940.00220.36no value 5no value no value 0.60650.0097 1.600.011060.00031 2.850.58960.004430.75no value 7no value no value 0.55670.00270.49Arsenic 0.06010.0024 4.00Niobium 0.29010.0120 4.100.076no value 2no value no value 0.290.29220.0108 3.690.108530.0045 4.160.32130.0098 3.06no value 4no value no value 0.29240.0037 1.260.071850.0029 4.000.28950.0137 4.700.087160.00243 2.790.28360.0059 2.080.078470.0021 2.640.263670.0042 1.58Boron 0.002610.0004015.40Phosphorus 0.041410.0022 5.300.00250.0017420.0004324.680.0420.035520.00144 4.040.003030.000310.130.041430.0012 2.850.0025740.00009 3.500.039440.00039 1.000.0030350.00014 4.600.04050.0014 3.500.0024260.00007 2.890.036960.00063 1.720.002870.0001 2.230.034270.0004 1.30Carbon 0.16010.0080 5.00Silicon 0.40310.0046 1.140.160.16420.0094 5.760.390.39220.0058 1.490.15830.0046 2.920.39330.0126 3.210.16240.0022 1.370.39840.00300.750.15950.007 4.400.38950.0059 1.500.15960.0037 2.290.43760.00320.730.16270.0038 2.24Chromium 0.29610.0048 1.62Sulfur 0.037610.0020 5.300.300.30020.0038 1.280.0380.040420.00239 5.940.30930.0039 1.260.036330.00118 2.850.30240.00150.490.038740.00103 2.650.30050.0032 1.100.039250.0014 3.500.30460.002200.720.037660.00132 3.510.29870.00200.680.037570.0014 3.78Cobalt 0.29910.0054 1.80Tin 0.016410.00067 3.750.300.30220.0044 1.450.0160.015720.00048 3.080.25230.01375.450.020730.000462.21Element NBSValueAverage Con-centration,%Labo-ratory Standard Deviation,%A Relative Standard Deviation,RSD%B Element NBSValueAverage Con-centration,%Labo-ratory Standard Deviation,%ARelative Standard Deviation,RSD %B0.30440.00200.660.017840.00072 4.04no value 5no value no value 0.015850.0026 2.900.29960.00597 2.000.01660.00044 2.770.303870.00290.970.017570.0004 2.27Copper 0.49910.0116 2.32Titanium 0.07910.0043 5.440.500.50220.0098 1.950.0840.08920.0025 2.810.49430.0212 4.280.089930.000324 3.600.50540.003460.690.09140.0011 1.170.49650.012 2.400.088250.0005 1.300.49960.00852 1.710.08560.00135 1.590.53470.0099 1.850.107370.0017 1.55Manganese 1.05610.00920.87Vanadium 0.04010.000370.921.04 1.0020.00810.810.0410.040220.00054 1.341.1030.0143 1.290.041030.0010 2.431.05040.00720.690.041340.000220.521.03850.015 1.500.038750.0005 1.301.01660.0117 1.150.03960.000360.921.03870.00870.840.045870.00040.78Zirconium 0.19210.0089 4.70Zirconium 0.19150.0081 4.200.19no value 2no value no value 0.190.17360.00495 2.8630.30530.0177 5.810.194170.00703.6110.18740.00482.58AStandard Deviation (s )was calculated as follows:s 5Œ(d 2N 21where:d =difference of determination from mean,and N =number of determinations.BRelative Standard Deviation (RSD)was calculated as follows:RSD 5sx ¯~100!where:s =standard deviation,and x ¯=average concentration,%.15.1.1Precision for Calcium and Nitrogen —Up to eight laboratories cooperated in performing this test method and obtained the precision information summarized in Table 5.6An approximate value for the expected reproducibility index,R ,in the range of 0%to 0.0030%calcium can be calculated from the following equation in which Ca %is the expected calcium level:R 5=@0.0004821~Ca %30.30!2#(1)15.1.2For nitrogen,the reproducibility index,R ,has the approximate value of 0.0020throughout the range of 0%to 0.015%nitrogen.N OTE 16—The interlaboratory test data summarized in Tables 5and 6has been evaluated in accordance with Practice E 1601.15.2Bias —At least three specimens that previously had been analyzed by chemical techniques in more than one laboratory were analyzed following the conditions of this test method.The data are given in Table 7(Note 16).15.2.1Bias for Calcium and Nitrogen —The bias of this test method at certain concentration levels may be judged by comparing the accepted reference values with the arithmetic average obtained by interlaboratory testing (see Table 6).16.Keywords16.1carbon steel;low-alloy steel;optical emission;spec-trometric analysis6Supporting data have been ﬁled at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E01-1022.。

四氯化碲化学品安全技术说明书

化学品安全技术说明书产品名称: 四氯化碲按照GB/T 16483、GB/T 17519 编制修订日期:最初编制日期:版本:第1部分化学品及企业标识化学品中文名：四氯化碲化学品英文名：Tellurium(IV) Chloride (Metals Basis)企业名称：企业地址：传真：联系电话：企业应急电话：产品推荐及限制用途：For industry use only.。

第2部分危险性概述紧急情况概述：造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤。

GHS危险性类别：皮肤腐蚀/ 刺激类别1B标签要素：象形图：警示词：危险危险性说明：H314 造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤。

防范说明：•预防措施：•P260 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸气/喷雾。

•P264 作业后彻底清洗。

•P280 戴防护手套/穿防护服/戴防护眼罩/戴防护面具。

•事故响应：•P301+P330+P331 如误吞咽：漱口。

不要诱导呕吐。

•P303+P361+P353 如皮肤(或头发)沾染：立即脱掉所有沾染的衣服。

用水清洗皮肤/淋浴。

•P363 沾染的衣服清洗后方可重新使用。

•P304+P340 如误吸入：将人转移到空气新鲜处，保持呼吸舒适体位。

•P310 立即呼叫解毒中心/医生•P321 具体治疗 ( 见本标签上的…… )。

•P305+P351+P338 如进入眼睛：用水小心冲洗几分钟。

如戴隐形眼镜并可方便地取出，取出隐形眼镜。

继续冲洗。

•安全储存：•P405 存放处须加锁。

•废弃处置：•P501 按当地法规处置内装物/容器。

物理和化学危险：无资料健康危害：造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤。

环境危害：无资料第3部分成分/组成信息第4部分急救措施急救：吸入: 如果吸入，请将患者移到新鲜空气处。

皮肤接触: 脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。

如有不适感，就医。

眼晴接触: 分开眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。

立即就医。

食入: 漱口，禁止催吐。

立即就医。

对保护施救者的忠告：将患者转移到安全的场所。

VDA621-415_004-中文译文

004_中文译文共计：1440字1982年2月1. 符合van Laar标准的划痕刀或与其类似的由加硬材料制成的头部带有半径为0.25mm的圆形的划痕刀。

2.符合Clemen标准的划痕刀或可以作为替代品使用的符合DIN 53 151网格切割测试标准的单刃刀A。

（带矩形刀刃的刀具或划痕工具，如Sikkens Erischen463型刀具等不得用于划痕）机动车的组成部件或特殊的腐蚀检测片也可以作为检验样品使用。

6 进行测试一个检验周期持续7天，具体时间分配如下：1天：24小时盐雾试验SS DIN 50 0214天：4循环冷凝水变化环境KFW DIN 50 0172天：根据DIN 50 014规定的48小时室温18℃至28℃约定检验时间。

检验时间最好持续4到6个周期，相当于4到6个星期。

测试盘应当与水平面呈60°至70°角放置在检验设备里。

测试盘可以悬挂在冷凝水设备中。

将测试盘从盐雾设备移到冷凝水设备时不必使其干燥。

测试盘放置在这些设备中的位置要使划痕垂直。

7 得出检测结果检验结束后将测试盘用流动的清水冲洗干净，必要时使用压缩空气将其表面吹干，观察肉眼可见的变化。

这样就可以确定向裂纹两边扩展的肉眼可见的底层腐蚀。

总的说来，很容易能够辨认出裂纹附近喷漆表面以气泡或腐蚀痕迹出现的由于腐蚀而受损的金属表面的宽度。

作为补充，可以用刀片如刻刀斜着将底层腐蚀的漆膜小心剥离，直到露出还附着的部分。

计算检测结果时要测量底部腐蚀区的平均总宽度，测量单位是mm：测量多个地方的宽度，计算出其算术平均值。

底层腐蚀Ud根据如下公式计算：Ud=(d-d0)/2其中：d=以mm为单位的底部腐蚀区域的总宽度（算术平均值）d0=以mm为单位的试验前的划痕宽度另外还将分析其它测试盘表面肉眼可见的变化。

如果有气泡则按照DIN 53 209，有表面腐蚀和边缘腐蚀按照DIN 53 210来分析。

8 检测报告检验报告要按照对本检验单的说明提供如下信息：涂层结构的种类和名称使用的划痕工具周期数划痕数目以mm为单位的底层腐蚀Ud（如果有多道划痕则取其中值）气泡度（根据DIN53 209）表面腐蚀和边缘腐蚀（根据DIN53 210）其它涂层变化检验日期。

自动升降高空作业平台系列产品

机电类1、干冰造粒机 (1)2、干冰清洗机 (2)3、高效低噪声冷却风扇 (3)4、流化床式超音速超微气流粉碎机 (4)5、先进翼型节能低噪声通风机 (5)6、先进翼型风机臭氧病虫害防治系统 (6)7、三相次级整流电阻焊机及其控制箱 (7)8、电磁铆接设备 (9)9、摩擦焊接过程计算机测控系统 (10)10、数字化拉弯系统 (11)11、多功能数控布带缠绕机 (12)12、方形区域喷灌龙头 (13)13、高速防爆稀土永磁同步电机 (14)14、高效节能稀土永磁同步电机 (15)15、空心杯式永磁直流电动机系列 (16)16、混合式步进电机系列 (17)17、稀土永磁同步发电机系列 (18)18、复合励磁恒压同步发电机 (19)19、稀土永磁无刷直流电动机驱动系统 (20)20、智能化电机伺服控制系统 (22)21、汽车散热器与中冷器风洞试验系统 (23)22、磁场中抗磁性材料的失重状态无容器处理装置 (24)23、自动升降高空作业平台（系列产品） (26)电子电器类1、汽车电控机械式自动变速器AMT (29)2、电动助力转向系统EPS (30)3、基于3G技术的汽车信息及防盗导航系统 (31)4、汽车起动发电一体化系统（ISG） (32)5、数字化智能充电器 (33)6、直流变频空调室内／室外机电控系统 (34)7、手机用TFT彩色液晶显示驱动控制电路芯片 (35)8、计算机硬盘数据加密卡 (36)9、FTI－8电点火头模拟装置 (37)10、机床有效工作时间记录仪 (38)11、无线电近距探测装置 (39)12、SST热能表 (40)信息技术类1、面向数字电视的嵌入式软件平台 (45)2、智能电子花样机嵌入式系统 (46)3、远程实时数据复制系统 (48)4、机电产品工业设计的三维数字化定制设计技术 (49)5、微机电系统集成设计平台 (50)6、企业信息分类编码体系 (51)7、协同仿真环境 (53)8、仿真数据管理平台 (55)9、仿真流程管理平台 (56)10、智能报表管理系统 (57)11、面向数字化生产线的制造执行软件系统 (58)12、基于激光直接标识的数控刀具全寿命周期管理系统 (60)13、虚拟装配规划与仿真系统 (61)14、复杂产品研制协同项目管理系统 (62)15、航空用稀土永磁电机计算机辅助设计软件开发 (64)新材料、新工艺类1、调压成形精密铸造工艺与装备 (67)2、大型铝合金铸件反重力铸造工艺与装备 (69)3、辐射探测器用高电阻CZT晶体材料及其应用技术 (70)4、系列高强高韧可焊耐磨准贝氏体钢 (71)5、制冷压缩机专用MAG环焊和塞焊设备及工艺 (72)6、钻铤（厚壁管）窄间隙深坡口焊接设备及工艺 (74)7、难变形材料薄带的粉末冶金生产技术 (75)8、模具延寿及快速修复技术 (76)9、精细电子陶瓷、光电陶瓷粉体及其应用技术 (77)10、高性能纸基摩擦材料技术 (78)11、激光立体成形与再制造工艺装备 (80)12、钛合金近β锻造技术 (82)1、低游离酚热塑性酚醛树脂的合成技术 (85)2、柿果、柿叶中有效成分提取技术 (86)3、杜仲叶有效成分提取技术 (87)4、新型橡胶材料——杜仲胶 (88)5、纤维增强聚砜改性酚醛模塑料 (89)6、应用于锂离子电池中的凝胶聚合物电解质材料 (91)7、磁性复合微球 (92)8、深层快速固化室温硫化硅橡胶 (93)9、无机粉体表面处理剂 (95)10、XGD－2缓蚀剂生产技术 (96)11、快速固化光敏胶 (97)12、聚丙烯用发泡剂 (98)13、防锈油 (99)14、导电、导磁功能材料 (100)15、纳米锶、钡铁氧体粉磁粉制备 (101)16、纳米钡铁氧体薄膜制备 (102)17、玻璃纤维化学镀四元、五元合金镀液及其制备方法 (103)1. 干冰造粒机内容介绍：利用最新制冷技术，使液体二氧化碳节流膨胀生成雪花状干冰，再将雪花状干冰压缩成干冰颗粒，用于各种不同场合的清洗以及冷藏保鲜等。

金匮肾气丸治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病并发高脂血症18例

金匮肾气丸治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病并发高脂血症18例朱伟旗【摘要】目的研究金匮肾气丸对Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者的临床疗效.方法把36例Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者随机分金匮肾气丸治疗组18例和格华止合舒降之治疗的西药对照治疗组18例2组,观察治疗前后两组患者血脂、血糖、瘦素、脂联素、游离脂肪酸、血浆内皮素和血清一氧化氮的变化.结果治疗前后两组相比,血脂、血糖、瘦素、脂联素、游离脂肪酸、血浆内皮素和血清一氧化氮的含量有显著变化,P＜0.05.结论治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血脂症,金匮肾气丸能调节血脂,降低血糖,提高一氧化氮、瘦素和脂联素水平,降低游离脂肪酸和血浆内皮素水平.【期刊名称】《中国中医药现代远程教育》【年(卷),期】2013(011)015【总页数】2页(P96-97)【关键词】金匮肾气丸;Ⅱ型糖尿病;高血脂症【作者】朱伟旗【作者单位】江苏省苏州市木渎人民医院,苏州,215101【正文语种】中文Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高脂血症的发病原理是高血糖与脂质代谢紊乱二者互为因果，形成恶性循环，并发多种心脑血管病［1］。

43%的糖尿患者患有高血脂症，Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高脂血症是临床常见病，目前，西医采用降糖药结合调脂药治疗糖尿病并发高血脂症，容易引发损害肝、肾功能等副作用，而且效果并不理想。

治疗糖尿病并发高血脂症的是关键是平复糖脂代谢紊乱，应使用具有降糖和调脂双重功效的、无副作用的药物，这对于防治心脑血管并发症有重大的临床意义。

鉴于此，已于2012年11月至2012年5月应用中药金匮肾气丸治疗18例糖尿病并发高脂症患者，与18例用降糖调脂西药治疗的效果比较，临床疗效对比差异明显。

1.1 一般资料Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者36例均系2012年11月至2012年5月期间就诊于广西中医第一附属医院，按就诊时间随机分两组：金匮肾气丸组18例，男9例，女9例；年龄28～60岁，平均年龄（48.2±5.1）岁。

西药治疗组18例，男10例，女8例；年龄25～63岁，平均（45.1±5.1）岁。

加热丝材质及规格

扁带文：来源：官方网站时间：2010-2-25 点击：267扁带设计参数0Cr25A15 0Cr21A14 Cr20Ni80截面积(mm2) 电阻率1.42 ±0.06Li m 电阻率1.23 ±0.06 卩m 电阻率1.091.14 ±0.05m厚乂宽(mm ) 20C每米电阻(Q /m)每千克长度(m/kg)每米重量(kg/m)20 C每米电阻(Q/m)每千克长度(m/kg)每米重量(kg/m)20 C每米电阻(Q/m)每千克长度(m/kg)每米重量(kg/m)0.5 >10 4.90 0.2900 28.74 0.03479 0.2510 27.76 0.03602 0.222 24.30 0.041160.8 >0 7.84 0.1811 17.94 0.05566 0.1569 17.35 0.05762 0.139 15.18 0.065861.0 >0 9.80 0.1449 14.37 0.06958 0.1255 13.88 0.07203 0.115 12.15 0.08232 1.2 >0 11.76 0.1207 11.98 0.08350 0.1046 11.57 0.08644 0.0961 10.12 0.098781.5 >0 14.70 0.0966 9.58 0.10437 0.0837 9.26 0.10805 0.0769 8.10 0.12352.0 >0 19.60 0.0724 7.19 0.13920 0.0628 6.94 0.14406 0.0577 6.08 0.16460.8 >5 11.76 0.1207 11.98 0.08350 0.1046 11.57 0.08644 0.0927 10.12 0.098781.0 >5 14.70 0.0966 9.58 0.10437 0.0837 9.26 0.10805 0.0769 8.10 0.1235 1.2 >5 17.64 0.0805 7.98 0.12524 0.0697 7.71 0.1297 0.0641 6.75 0.14821.5 >5 22.05 0.0644 6.39 0.15656 0.0558 6.17 0.16207 0.0512 5.40 0.18522.0 >5 29.40 0.0483 4.79 0.20874 0.0418 4.63 0.21609 0.0384 4.05 0.2470 2.5 >5 36.75 0.03863.83 0.26093 0.0335 3.70 0.27011 0.0307 3.24 0.30870.8 >0 15.68 0.0906 8.98 0.11133 0.0784 8.68 0.11525 0.0695 7.59 0.13171.0 >0 19.60 0.0724 7.19 0.13916 0.0628 6.94 0.14406 0.0577 6.07 0.1646 1.2 >0 23.52 0.0604 5.99 0.16699 0.0523 5.78 0.17287 0.0480 5.06 0.19761.5 >0 29.40 0.0483 4.79 0.20874 0.0418 4.63 0.21609 0.0384 4.05 0.24702.0 >0 39.20 0.03623.59 0.27832 0.0314 3.47 0.28812 0.0288 3.04 0.32932.5 >0 49.00 0.0290 2.87 0.34790 0.0251 2.78 0.36015 0.0231 2.43 0.41163.0 >5 58.80 0.0241 2.40 0.41748 0.0209 2.31 0.43218 0.0192 2.02 0.4936 1.0 >5 24.50 0.05805.75 0.17395 0.0502 5.55 0.18008 0.0461 4.86 0.2058 1.2 >5 29.40 0.0483 4.79 0.20874 0.0418 4.63 0.21609 0.0384 4.05 0.24701.5 >5 36.75 0.0386 3.83 0.26093 0.0335 3.70 0.27011 0.0307 3.24 0.30872.0 >5 49.00 0.0290 2.87 0.34790 0.0251 2.78 0.36015 0.0231 2.43 0.41162.5 >5 61.25 0.0232 2.30 0.43488 0.0201 2.22 0.45019 0.0184 1.94 0.51453.0 >5 73.50 0.0193 1.92 0.52185 0.0167 1.85 0.54023 0.0154 1.62 0.6174 1.0 >0 29.40 0.04834.79 0.20874 0.0418 4.63 0.21609 0.0384 4.05 0.2470 1.2 >0 35.28 0.0402 3.99 0.25049 0.0349 3.68 0.25931 0.0320 3.37 0.29641.5 >0 44.10 0.0322 3.19 0.31311 0.0279 3.09 0.32414 0.02562.70 0.37042.0 >0 58.80 0.0241 2.40 0.41748 0.0209 2.31 0.43218 0.0192 2.02 0.4939 2.5 >0 73.50 0.0193 1.92 0.52185 0.0167 1.85 0.54023 0.0154 1.62 0.6174康铜丝文：来源：官方网站时间：2010-2-5 点击：293康铜、新康铜、铜锰电阻合金主要技术性能( GB/T1234-95 标准)性能/牌号康铜6J40 新康铜6J11 锰铜6J12 F1锰铜6J8 F2锰铜6J13Ni 39-41 2-3 2-5Mn 1-2 10.5-12.5 11-13 8-10 11-13 主要化学成分％Cu余量余量余量余量余量其他——AI25-4.5Fe:1.0-1.6 _Si:1-2_元件适用温度'C 5-500 5-500 5-45 10-80 10-80 密度g/m3 8.88 8.00 8.44 8.70 8.40 电阻率.m, 20 C0.48 ±0.030.48 ±0.030.46 ±0.030.35 ±0.050.44 ±0.04电阻温度系数a 10-6/ C +40-40+80-80+20-3+10-540对铜热电动势V/ C (0-100 C) 452 1 2 2延伸率%(>0.5) >15 >15 >15 >15 >15 组织奥氏体奥氏体奥氏体奥氏体奥氏体磁性非磁性非磁性非磁性非磁性非磁性镍铬丝文：来源：官方网站时间：2010-2-5点击：306镍铬合金丝主要技术技能镍铬丝主要设计参数线径(mm) 截面积2 (mm )每米表面积cm2/mCr20Ni80 Cr30Ni70 Cr15Ni60每米重量kg/m每米电阻Q /m,20C每米重量kg/m每米电阻Q /m,20C每米重量kg/m每米电阻Q /m,20C0.10 0.007854 3.142 0.00006597 138.8 0.00006362 150.2 0.00006440 142.6 0.12 0.01131 3.770 0.00009500 96.38 0.00009161 104.3 0.00009274 99.03 0.15 0.01767 4.712 0.0001484 61.68 0.0001431 66.77 0.0001449 63.38 0.17 0.02270 5.341 0.0001907 48.02 0.0001839 51.99 0.0001861 49.34 0.19 0.02835 5.969 0.0002382 38.44 0.0002297 41.62 0.0002325 39.50 0.21 0.03464 6.597 0.0002909 31.47 0.0002806 34.07 0.0002840 32.34 0.25 0.04909 7.854 0.0004123 22.21 0.0003976 24.04 0.0004025 22.82 0.27 0.05726 8.482 0.0004809 19.04 0.0004638 20.61 0.0004695 19.56 0.29 0.06605 9.111 0.0005548 16.50 0.0005350 17.86 0.0005416 16.96 0.31 0.07548 9.739 0.0006340 14.44 0.0006114 15.63 0.0006189 14.84 0.35 0.09621 11.00 0.0008082 11.33 0.0007793 12.26 0.0007889 11.64 0.40 0.1257 12.57 0.001056 8.674 0.001018 9.390 0.001030 8.913 0.45 0.1590 14.14 0.001339 6.835 0.001288 7.419 0.001304 7.042 0.50 0.1963 15.71 0.001469 5.551 0.001590 6.010 0.001610 5.704 0.60 0.2827 18.85 0.002375 3.855 0.002290 4.173 0.002318 3.961 0.70 0.3848 21.99 0.003233 2.832 0.003117 3.066 0.003156 2.910 0.80 0.5027 25.13 0.004222 2.168 0.004072 2.348 0.004122 2.2280.90 0.6362 28.27 0.005344 1.713 0.005153 1.855 0.005217 1.7611.00 0.7854 31.42 0.006597 1.388 0.006362 1.502 0.006440 1.426 1.20 1.131 37.70 0.009500 0.9638 0.009161 1.043 0.009274 0.9903铁铬铝文：来源：官方网站时间：2010-2-5 点击：323铁铬铝电热合金丝主要技术技能牌号/性能1Cr13AL4 1Cr21AL4 0Cr21AL6 0Cr23AL5 0Cr25AL5 0Cr21AL6Nb 0Cr27AL7Mo2 Cr 12.0-15.0 17.0-21.0 19.0-22.0 20.0-23.5 23.0-26.0 21.0 〜23.0 26.5 〜27.8Al 4.0 ~ 6.0 2.0 〜4.0 5.0 〜7.0 4.2 〜5.3 4.5 ~ 6.5 5.0 〜7.0 6.0 〜7.0Fe 余量余量余量余量余量余量余量Fe 适量适量适量适量适量适量适量加入量Nb:0.5 加入量Nb:0.5 元件最高使用温度'C 950 1100 1250 1250 1250 1350 1400 熔点'C 1450 1500 1500 1500 1500 1510 1520密度g/cm3 7.40 7.35 7.16 7.25 7.10 7.10 7.10 电阻率g Q- , 20 C 1.25 ±0.08 1.23 ±0.06 1.42 ±0.07 1.35 ±0.06 1.42 ±0.07 1.45 ±0.07 1.53 ±0.07 抗拉强度Mpa 588 〜735 637 〜784 637〜784 637〜784 637〜784 637 〜784 686 〜784延伸率% >16 >12 >12 >12 >12 >12 >10反复弯曲次数>5>5>5>5>5>5>5快速寿命h/C—>80/1250 >80/1300 >80/1300 >80/1300 >80/1350 >80/1350比热J/g. C0.490 0.490 0.520 0.460 0.494 0.494 0.494 导热系数KJ/m.h C52.7 46.9 63.2 60.2 46.1 46.1 45.2 线胀系数15.4 13.5 14.7 15.0 16.0 16.0 16.0a X10-6/ C(20 〜1000 C)硬度HB 200 〜260 200 〜260 200 〜260 200〜260 200〜260 200 〜260 200 〜260铁铬铝电热合金丝主要设计参数线径(mm) 截面积(mm2)每米表面积cm2/m0Cr25AL5 0Cr21AL6Nb 0Cr27AL7Mo2每米重量kg/m每米电阻Q /m,20C每米重量kg/m每米电阻Q /m,20C每米重量kg/m每米电阻Q /m,20C0.10 0.007854 3.142 0.00005576 180.8 0.00005576 184.6 0.00005576 194.8 0.12 0.01131 3.770 0.00008030 125.6 0.00008030 128.2 0.00008030 135.3 0.15 0.01767 4.712 0.0001255 80.36 0.0001255 82.05 0.0001255 86.58 0.17 0.02270 5.341 0.0001612 62.56 0.0001612 63.88 0.0001612 67.41 0.19 0.02835 5.969 0.0002013 50.08 0.0002013 51.14 0.0002013 53.96 0.21 0.03464 6.597 0.0002459 41.00 0.0002459 41.86 0.0002459 44.17 0.25 0.04909 7.854 0.0003485 28.93 0.0003485 29.54 0.0003485 31.17 0.27 0.05726 8.482 0.0004065 24.80 0.0004065 25.33 0.0004065 26.72 0.29 0.06605 9.111 0.0004690 21.50 0.0004690 21.95 0.0004690 23.16 0.31 0.07548 9.739 0.0005359 18.81 0.0005359 19.21 0.0005359 20.27 0.35 0.09621 11.00 0.0006830 14.76 0.0006830 15.07 0.0006830 15.90 0.40 0.1257 12.57 0.0008922 11.30 0.0008922 11.54 0.0008922 12.18 0.45 0.1590 14.14 0.001129 8.928 0.001129 9.117 0.001129 9.620 0.50 0.1963 15.71 0.001394 7.232 0.001394 7.385 0.001394 7.792 0.60 0.2827 18.85 0.002007 5.022 0.002007 5.128 0.002007 5.411 0.70 0.3848 21.99 0.002732 3.690 0.002732 3.768 0.002732 3.976 0.80 0.5027 25.13 0.003569 2.825 0.003569 2.885 0.003569 3.0440.90 0.6362 28.28 0.004517 2.232 0.004517 2.279 0.004517 2.4051.00 0.7854 31.42 0.005576 1.808 0.005576 1.846 0.005576 1.948 1.20 1.131 37.70 0.008030 1.256 0.008030 1.282 0.008030 1.353 1.40 1.539 43.98 0.01093 0.9224 0.01093 0.9419 0.01093 0.9939 1.602.011 50.27 0.01428 0.7063 0.01428 0.7212 0.01428 0.76101.802.545 56.55 0.01807 0.5580 0.01807 0.5698 0.01807 0.60132.003.142 62.83 0.02231 0.4520 0.02231 0.4615 0.02231 0.4870 2.20 3.801 69.12 0.02699 0.3736 0.02699 0.3814 0.02699 0.4025 2.504.909 78.54 0.03485 0.2893 0.03485 0.2954 0.03485 0.31172.80 6.158 87.96 0.04372 0.2306 0.04372 0.2355 0.04372 0.24853.00 7.069 94.25 0.05019 0.2009 0.05019 0.2051 0.05019 0.21653.50 9.621 110.0 0.06831 0.1476 0.06831 0.1507 0.06831 0.15904.00 12.57 125.7 0.08922 0.1130 0.08922 0.1154 0.08922 0.12184.50 15.90 141.1 0.1129 0.08928 0.1129 0.09117 0.1129 0.096205.00 19.63 157.1 0.1394 0.07232 0.1394 0.07385 0.1394 0.077925.50 23.76 172.8 0.1687 0.05977 0.1687 0.06103 0.1687 0.064406.00 28.27 188.5 0.2007 0.05022 0.2007 0.05128 0.2007 0.054116.50 33.18 204.2 0.2356 0.04279 0.2356 0.04370 0.2356 0.046117.00 38.48 219.9 0.2732 0.03690 0.2732 0.03768 0.2732 0.03976。

以双侧耳聋为首发症状的慢性粒细胞白血病1例

以双侧耳聋为首发症状的慢性粒细胞白血病1例应双伟;张佳;沈健;胡敏利;张丽【摘要】本文报道1例以双侧耳聋为首发症状的慢性粒细胞白血病.患者以听力下降就诊, 发病初期白细胞异常增高, 头颅CT及MRI未提示异常, 经白细胞单采和化疗药物降细胞治疗后, 听力无改善, 最终因原发病进行性恶化, 导致颅内出血致死亡.【期刊名称】《浙江实用医学》【年(卷),期】2018(023)006【总页数】2页(P440-441)【关键词】慢性粒细胞白血病;耳聋;白细胞瘀滞【作者】应双伟;张佳;沈健;胡敏利;张丽【作者单位】浙江省台州医院, 浙江临海 317000;浙江省台州医院, 浙江临海317000;浙江省台州医院, 浙江临海 317000;浙江省台州医院, 浙江临海 317000;浙江省台州医院, 浙江临海 317000【正文语种】中文慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）是一种起源于多能干细胞的髓系增殖性肿瘤，起病缓慢，常因头晕乏力、腹部不适，怕热、盗汗、体质量减轻等症状就诊。

以耳聋作为慢性粒细胞白血病首发症状者罕见[1-3]，其发病机制尚存在争议，一般考虑与高白细胞血症有关，早期治疗可逆转耳聋症状。

本院接诊1例以耳聋为首发的CML 患者，报道如下。

1 病例介绍患者男，23岁，因“听力下降伴乏力2周”于2017年4月10日入院，2周前无明显诱因下出现双耳听力下降，伴乏力，进食后稍感腹胀，无腹痛、发热、盗汗，既往体健，未出现短期内体质量大幅下降。

查体：贫血貌，颈部可触及多枚黄豆大小淋巴结，双耳外耳道未见明显分泌物，粗测左耳听力丧失，右耳听力减退，胸骨中下段压痛（+），心肺听诊无殊，腹膨隆，巨脾，甲乙线23cm，甲丙线30cm，丁戊线9cm，质硬，无触痛。

辅助检查：血常规示：WBC 691×109/L，Hb64g/L，嗜酸粒细胞 1%，嗜碱粒细胞0.5%，PLT 128×109/L；凝血功能示PT 17.4秒，APTT 53.2 秒，FIB 3.16g/L，D-二聚体 0.7mg/L；生化指标：LDH 1536U/L，UA 535μmol/L，总胆红素16.4μmol/L，ALT 31U/L，总蛋白56.1g/L，白蛋白34.7g/L。