Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB01
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第八章管理学Introcution_to_Business_商学导论PPT_IB08
IB-CHAPTER8
17
Conflicts of Interest within the Board
•
eBay’s corporate governance guidelines include the following:
•
“The Board should be composed of directors who are chosen based on integrity, judgment, and experience. The directors should have high-level managerial experience to deal with complex problems. They should represent the best interests of the shareholders”
•
IB-CHAPTER8 7
Narrow & Wide Span of Control
IB-CHAPTER8
Exhibit 8.3
8
Line versus Staff Positions
Line positions: job positions established to make decisions that achieve specific business goals • Staff Positions: job positions established to support the efforts of line positions • Line organization: an organizational structure that contains only line positions.
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB02
•
Sarbanes-Oxley Act: the Public Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act, 2002
Violations of Responsibility
Cases of misleading stockholders: provide misleading financial information that exaggerates financial condition
– Oracle Corp. – Enron (Ken Lay and Jeff Skillings) – WorldCom (63 year old CEO Ebber’s sentenced to 25 years – Global Crossing (Inflated earnings, bankruptcy) – ImClone (Sam and Martha) – Tyco (Dennis)
Employee 1980
1990
2000
Responsibility to Creditors
Provide accurate information • Make payment • Inform creditors if having difficulty in meeting obligations • If firm does not pay creditors what it owes them, it may have to file for bankruptcy. Cases of misleading stockholders
Beliefs
Race
Ways to Ensure Responsibility to Employees
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论-IB
• Differentiate among the types of compensation that firms offer to employees.
• Describe the skills of employees that firms develop.
• Explain how the performance of employees can be evaluated.
5. When a firm attempts to fill job openings with persons it already employs, it is engaging in:
a. intrapreneurship b. internal recruiting c.entrenchment
• For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need.
• Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
11–4
Quiz
1. Name
2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting true/false?
3. The overall performance of most employees is based on multiple criteria true/false?
• Internal/external
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
• Describe the skills of employees that firms develop.
• Explain how the performance of employees can be evaluated.
5. When a firm attempts to fill job openings with persons it already employs, it is engaging in:
a. intrapreneurship b. internal recruiting c.entrenchment
• For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need.
• Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
11–4
Quiz
1. Name
2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting true/false?
3. The overall performance of most employees is based on multiple criteria true/false?
• Internal/external
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB06
Internet makes the process easier • Some useful websites: p167
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
4
Resources Available to Assist Entrepreneur
•
•
•
SBA: The Small Business Administration web site provides many resources related to creating a small business Yahoo !: Yahoo ! Small Business Site – a good place to find links for more information American Express: American Express Small Business Site /smallbusin ess provides much information and links that can help during start up.
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6 18
Key Advantages
•
Produce products efficiently
– efficient management of HR – efficient management of production process
•
Produce Higher-Quality Products
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
5
Entrepreneurship
- Profit Potential
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB13
channel integration.
IB-CHAPTER12
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
Information
Promotion
Credit
IB-CHAPTER12
Displays
15
Vertical Integration
• Two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm.
• This strategy can be used by retailers or manufacturers.
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
IB-CHAPTER12
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
Information
Promotion
Credit
IB-CHAPTER12
Displays
15
Vertical Integration
• Two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm.
• This strategy can be used by retailers or manufacturers.
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB09
9
PartPart III Management III: Management
9 Improving Productivity & Quality
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
9–8
Resources Used for Production
One
Human Resources (type, number and skill level of employees) Materials are transformed by human resources into a final product. Other Resources (building, machinery, equipment, technology, etc.)
9–5
Key Terms
production schedule生产计划 program evaluation and review technique (PERT)规划评估与复核法 quality control质量控制 quality control circle质量控制圈 ，品管圈 reengineering再造 restructuring重组 ，改造 routing路线 ，途径 sampling取样 ，抽样 scheduling进度安排
9–18
Outsourcing
Reasons for outsourcing
Cost Savings Focus on Core Business Cost Restructuring. Outsourcing offers a move
PartPart III Management III: Management
9 Improving Productivity & Quality
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
9–8
Resources Used for Production
One
Human Resources (type, number and skill level of employees) Materials are transformed by human resources into a final product. Other Resources (building, machinery, equipment, technology, etc.)
9–5
Key Terms
production schedule生产计划 program evaluation and review technique (PERT)规划评估与复核法 quality control质量控制 quality control circle质量控制圈 ，品管圈 reengineering再造 restructuring重组 ，改造 routing路线 ，途径 sampling取样 ，抽样 scheduling进度安排
9–18
Outsourcing
Reasons for outsourcing
Cost Savings Focus on Core Business Cost Restructuring. Outsourcing offers a move
1章 商学导论 ppt课件
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第27页
第一章 导论
1600年，英国又成立了经英国女王特许批准的著名的 东印度贸易公司，全称为东印度群岛贸易的伦敦商人 的总裁和公司，是当时英国具有股份公司雏形的最大 的公司。
1602年，荷兰也成立了一个东印度公司。它是由 6 个 商会联合组建的，成立伊始便公开征集资金，社会各 界以入股的方式投入资本。连阿姆斯特丹时常的女仆 也以100盾先进投资入股，短短一个月便募集盾的资 本。
第一章 导论
个人业主 制企业
– 个人投资 – 创办者、经营者、雇员合一 – 对企业债务承担无限责任 – 企业规模小、产品服务单一、组织结构简单
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第14页
第一章 导论
个人业主制的优点
– 成立、关、停、并、转的程 序简单 – 所有者、经营者激励兼容
要求催生了另一种具有合伙形式的股份制，船舶共有制。
船舶共有制是指由船舶所有人或者经营人与其他出资 人通过集资形成的共有财产的合伙形式。船舶共有是 联系入股者合作关系的纽带，是以后出现的两合公司 的雏形。
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第24页
第一章 导论
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第10页
第一章 导论
企业各种资源与关系
关系
关系
关系
关系
关系
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第11页
《商学英语教程》教学课件—UNIT 1The business of business
• Speaking
speaking from notes
1.1 Vocabulary
Lesson aims
• identify words for the discipline in context, including words which contain affixes • gain fluency in the target vocabulary
and selling things.
Exercise 1.2C
Part 2
So what does business involve? What do people in business do? Well, let’s take a company that makes chocolate. Someone has to look after the production processes, from ordering and storing the raw materials – the cocoa beans, sugar and so on – to controlling the number of chocolate bars produced in the factory and deciding on the best production methods. This is the area of operations management.
7 service industry
8 (sales) performance/income
9 (international) transport
1.2 Listening
Lesson aims
• prepare for a lecture • predict lecture content • make notes
speaking from notes
1.1 Vocabulary
Lesson aims
• identify words for the discipline in context, including words which contain affixes • gain fluency in the target vocabulary
and selling things.
Exercise 1.2C
Part 2
So what does business involve? What do people in business do? Well, let’s take a company that makes chocolate. Someone has to look after the production processes, from ordering and storing the raw materials – the cocoa beans, sugar and so on – to controlling the number of chocolate bars produced in the factory and deciding on the best production methods. This is the area of operations management.
7 service industry
8 (sales) performance/income
9 (international) transport
1.2 Listening
Lesson aims
• prepare for a lecture • predict lecture content • make notes
Introduction-to-Business培训课件
Home assignments: skill training in personal planning, data collection, information search and analysis
Team assignments:
Team work spirits and experience
精
2
Ms. （Cathy）H. MA
Office: 8404 Office phone: 68681643 Ex. 8404 Email: mahaifang@ Office Hour:
Mon. 12:00-12:45pm Also by appointment
精
3
Textbook
–Qualified and trained HR –Management Competency –Location decision
–Professional help –Planning ability –Market demand
–Luck?
To become a better informed consumer and
7,8
6 Business Management 4
7 Business Management 5,6
8 HR Management
13,14,15
9 (flexible)
精
13
Course Arrangement
Week
Contents
10-11 Marketing
12-13 Operations and Quality
The textbook website:
/international
CCTV channel 2 /special/gsdll/01/
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB11
11–8
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Human Resource Planning
Job analysis
– Determining the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position
Job specification states the credentials needed to qualify for a position. Job description states the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job position.
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
11–12
Hiring
From the job description, list the responsibilities of the position. For each responsibility, list some task which need to be performed to accomplish the responsibility. For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need. Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
a. Job specification b. Job description c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. performance evaluation
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Human Resource Planning
Job analysis
– Determining the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position
Job specification states the credentials needed to qualify for a position. Job description states the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job position.
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
11–12
Hiring
From the job description, list the responsibilities of the position. For each responsibility, list some task which need to be performed to accomplish the responsibility. For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need. Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
a. Job specification b. Job description c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. performance evaluation
埃伯特 商学精要(英文版 第12版)课件ppt_app1
Insurance as Risk Management
• Insurance Premium
– fee paid to an insurance company by a policyholder for insurance coverage
• Insurance Policy
– formal agreement to pay the policyholder a specified amount in the event of certain losses
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Risk-Management Process (1 of 3)
1. Identify Risks and Potential Losses
– managers analyze a firm’s risks to identify potential losses
• Business Continuation Agreement
– special form of business insurance whereby owners arrange to buy the interests of deceased associates from their heirs
Risk-Management Process (2 of 3)
3. Evaluate Alternatives and Choose the Techniques that Will Best Handle the Losses
– managers decide how to handle risk
Introcution_to_Business_商学导论PPT_IB07
7–9
Steps of Planning
Mission
statement describes the firm’s primary goal. Strategic plan identifies the long-term business focus, perhaps three to five years. It typically includes goals and strategies to satisfy the mission. Tactical planning are smaller scale plans (over one or two years) that are consistent with the firm’s strategic plan. (short-term) Operational planning establishes the methods to be used in the near future (such as the next year) to achieve the tactical plans. Contingency planning are alternative plans developed for various possible business conditions. (alternative plans)
7
III Management PartPart III: Management
Managing Effectively
7
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Chapter 7 Learning Goals
《国际商务导论》PPT课件
资本国际化， 通过资本国际 化带动商品国
际化。
第三阶段 二战后第三次
科技革命
国际化趋势
多种分工形式 第三次科技 革命
科技和生产国 际化带动资本 国际化和商品
国际化。
第四阶段 20 信息革命和经 发展中、发达 第三次科技
世纪80年代- 济全球化 国家之间的分 革命的深化
至今
工
战略联盟、信 息革命
三次科技革命的比较
教学内容：
1.国际商务导论 2.国际商务的运营环境 3.国际商务的运营保障体系 4.国际商务的策略分析 5.国际商务的内部管理 6.国际商务的贸易机制 7.国际商务根本流程〔一〕 8.国际商务根本流程〔二〕
教学目标和要求：
了解当前国际商务领域的最新开展，特别是在 全球经济一体化下国际商务开展的特点及对中 国经济保持高速增长的重要性； 熟悉有关国际商务环境特点与趋势； 掌握外乡化企业走向世界的过程及跨国经营中 的组织建立与管理； 通过中外企业案例分析，提高学生的综合分析 能力。
对你们的学习我有较为严格的要求，这个要求 我用一首诗歌的形式来表达，那就是：
春眠不觉晓，上课别迟到；
夜来风雨声，作业按时交。
预习加笔记，实践亦重要；
勤巧作舟楫，学海任消遥。
?国际商务概论?课程介绍
➢ 学科性质：专业根底课 ➢ 学时数：54学时 ➢ 教学方式：理论课+实践课 ➢ 成绩计算方式：期末考试〔70%〕+平时成绩〔30%〕 ➢ 平时成绩：考勤〔10%〕、上课态度〔5%〕、集体活
4.?国际商务?〔第5版〕，〔美〕迈克
第I篇 导言
第一讲 国际商务导论
【教学目的与要求】 〔Session Objectives)
通过本章学习，学生应该： 1.掌握国际商务的根本含义、内容和形式 2.了解国际商务的开展演变；
商务导论Chapter 1
How Resources Limit the Ability to Satisfy Wants and Needs
Resources limit the number of needs and wants people can satisfy. Example: You may want a new pair of jeans and a new camera. You may have only enough money to buy one of these two things.
How to Define Business
Business is any commercial activity that seeks profit by providing goods and services to others in exchange for money. Profit is the money left over after a business has paid the cost of providing its goods and services.
Wants and Needs Drive the Economy
• Private wants A group of people share the same wants. Individual people also have private wants. • Public wants Wants widely shared by many people.
The Significance of Competition
The result is that goods and services are produced and sold at the lowest possible cost.
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•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–4
Key Terms
stakeholder • stock • stockholder
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
An entrepreneur who creates a business initially serves as the sole owner. • With the expansion of the business, other people may invest in the firm and become co-owners. • The investors who purchase stock are call stockholders or shareholders. • Owners create business ideas and possibly provide some financial support for the firm.
•
4–15
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Electronic Business
•
Business-to-customer e-commerce business activities serving end consumers with products and/or services. An example would be a person buying a pair of shoes from a retailer.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–11
Natural Resources
•
Any resources that can be used in their natural form, e.g. land, coal, fossil fuels, forestry, lake, river.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–10
Resources Used to Produce Products or Services
• Natural
resources • Human resources • Capital • Entrepreneurship
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–3
Key Terms
human resources • information system • information technology • management • manager • marketing • natural resources • nonprofit organization
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–9
Nonprofit Businesses
A nonprofit organization is an organization that serves a specific cause and is not oriented to make profits. • In the U.S., a nonprofit organization is not taxed as long as it meets specific requirements. • Although not oriented to make profits, it is still run like a business to accumulate enough funding to serve the community.
4–5
The Goal of a Business
•
To make profits by providing products or services desired by customers.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Jeff Madura Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
Explain the goal of a business. • Identify the resources a business uses to produce a product or service. • Identify the key stakeholders that are involved in a business. • Describe the business environment to which a firm is exposed. • Describe the key types of business decisions.
1
Part I Business Environment Part II: Business Environment
4 Motives and Functions of a Business
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–8
How Profit Motive
Governments of free-market economies allow private ownership of businesses, because these businesses serve customers and create job opportunities. • In some other countries, businesses are typically owned by the governments and are not profit oriented.
4–13
Capital
Machinery, equipment, tools and physical facilities used by a business • Technology improves capital by helping to produce products and services more quickly and at a higher quality. • Information technology, as a subset of technology, enables information to be used to produce products and services.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–20
Creditors
Financial institutions or individuals who provide loans • Creditors will lend funds to a firm only if they believe the firm will perform well enough to pay interests on the loans and the principal (amount borrowed) in the future.
4–6
Where the Profits Come From
A business receives revenue when it sells products or services. • It incurs expenses from paying employees and purchasing machinery or facilities. • The difference between the revenues and expenses is the profit (or earnings).
•
4–14
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Electronic Business
A related type of technology • Use of electronic communications, such as the Internet, to produce or sell products and services • Business-to-business e-commerce commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–17
Key Stakeholders in a Business
People who have an interest in a business; • The business’s owners, creditors, employees, suppliers and customers.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–4
Key Terms
stakeholder • stock • stockholder
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
An entrepreneur who creates a business initially serves as the sole owner. • With the expansion of the business, other people may invest in the firm and become co-owners. • The investors who purchase stock are call stockholders or shareholders. • Owners create business ideas and possibly provide some financial support for the firm.
•
4–15
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Electronic Business
•
Business-to-customer e-commerce business activities serving end consumers with products and/or services. An example would be a person buying a pair of shoes from a retailer.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–11
Natural Resources
•
Any resources that can be used in their natural form, e.g. land, coal, fossil fuels, forestry, lake, river.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–10
Resources Used to Produce Products or Services
• Natural
resources • Human resources • Capital • Entrepreneurship
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–3
Key Terms
human resources • information system • information technology • management • manager • marketing • natural resources • nonprofit organization
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–9
Nonprofit Businesses
A nonprofit organization is an organization that serves a specific cause and is not oriented to make profits. • In the U.S., a nonprofit organization is not taxed as long as it meets specific requirements. • Although not oriented to make profits, it is still run like a business to accumulate enough funding to serve the community.
4–5
The Goal of a Business
•
To make profits by providing products or services desired by customers.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Jeff Madura Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
Explain the goal of a business. • Identify the resources a business uses to produce a product or service. • Identify the key stakeholders that are involved in a business. • Describe the business environment to which a firm is exposed. • Describe the key types of business decisions.
1
Part I Business Environment Part II: Business Environment
4 Motives and Functions of a Business
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–8
How Profit Motive
Governments of free-market economies allow private ownership of businesses, because these businesses serve customers and create job opportunities. • In some other countries, businesses are typically owned by the governments and are not profit oriented.
4–13
Capital
Machinery, equipment, tools and physical facilities used by a business • Technology improves capital by helping to produce products and services more quickly and at a higher quality. • Information technology, as a subset of technology, enables information to be used to produce products and services.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–20
Creditors
Financial institutions or individuals who provide loans • Creditors will lend funds to a firm only if they believe the firm will perform well enough to pay interests on the loans and the principal (amount borrowed) in the future.
4–6
Where the Profits Come From
A business receives revenue when it sells products or services. • It incurs expenses from paying employees and purchasing machinery or facilities. • The difference between the revenues and expenses is the profit (or earnings).
•
4–14
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Electronic Business
A related type of technology • Use of electronic communications, such as the Internet, to produce or sell products and services • Business-to-business e-commerce commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–17
Key Stakeholders in a Business
People who have an interest in a business; • The business’s owners, creditors, employees, suppliers and customers.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.