Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB06
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intruduction to business 商学导论 青旅创业
More competitors The sizes of youth hostel are small and they locate separately Providing >demanding There are a lot of tourism alternatives Discounted tickets for traveling
Superiority
Opportunity
Weakness Threat
SUPERIORITY
1、Great sense of achievement and the passion of having your own business 2、Low rents Low cost 3、To have certain human resources 4、Certain brand image and effect shape enterprise culture 5、Partnership :share risks, more funding , more skill 6、Direct strategic direction goal 7、Perfect manage system 8、High market share in traveling industry
Strong economic growth
more customers
and Increase prC CONDITIONS The basic
will be increase
cost of travel was operating costs WHICH MAY INFLUENCE THE the BUSINESS increase , people will
第八章管理学Introcution_to_Business_商学导论PPT_IB08
IB-CHAPTER8
17
Conflicts of Interest within the Board
•
eBay’s corporate governance guidelines include the following:
•
“The Board should be composed of directors who are chosen based on integrity, judgment, and experience. The directors should have high-level managerial experience to deal with complex problems. They should represent the best interests of the shareholders”
•
IB-CHAPTER8 7
Narrow & Wide Span of Control
IB-CHAPTER8
Exhibit 8.3
8
Line versus Staff Positions
Line positions: job positions established to make decisions that achieve specific business goals • Staff Positions: job positions established to support the efforts of line positions • Line organization: an organizational structure that contains only line positions.
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB12
Research & Development
Improvements Patents
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Line/Mix Cycle Target Market New Product Differentiate Pricing Other Pricing
The Key Decisions in Running a Business
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Line/Mix Cycle Target Market New Product Differentiate Pricing Other Pricing
Product Differentiation
Design Packaging Branding
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Line/Mix Cycle Target Market New Product Differentiate Pricing Other Pricing
Creating and Pricing Products
Product Mix
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论-IB
• Differentiate among the types of compensation that firms offer to employees.
• Describe the skills of employees that firms develop.
• Explain how the performance of employees can be evaluated.
5. When a firm attempts to fill job openings with persons it already employs, it is engaging in:
a. intrapreneurship b. internal recruiting c.entrenchment
• For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need.
• Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
11–4
Quiz
1. Name
2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting true/false?
3. The overall performance of most employees is based on multiple criteria true/false?
• Internal/external
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
• Describe the skills of employees that firms develop.
• Explain how the performance of employees can be evaluated.
5. When a firm attempts to fill job openings with persons it already employs, it is engaging in:
a. intrapreneurship b. internal recruiting c.entrenchment
• For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need.
• Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
11–4
Quiz
1. Name
2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting true/false?
3. The overall performance of most employees is based on multiple criteria true/false?
• Internal/external
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
商务导论Chapter .ppt
Business and You
If you wanted to set up a restaurant near HUST Rong Cheng College, what kind of restaurant are you going to set up? What kind of food are you going to serve?
Every day you make choices about how you will spend your resources to satisfy your needs and wants. You can make the most of your resources by making the best choices about what to buy.
How to Define Business
Business is any commercial activity that seeks profit by
providing goods and services to others in exchange for money.
Profit is the money left over after a business has paid
customers.
Competition is possible because companies have the freedom to produce the products they think will be the most profitable. Buyers can compete to find the best products at the lowest prices.
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB06
Internet makes the process easier • Some useful websites: p167
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
4
Resources Available to Assist Entrepreneur
•
•
•
SBA: The Small Business Administration web site provides many resources related to creating a small business Yahoo !: Yahoo ! Small Business Site – a good place to find links for more information American Express: American Express Small Business Site /smallbusin ess provides much information and links that can help during start up.
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6 18
Key Advantages
•
Produce products efficiently
– efficient management of HR – efficient management of production process
•
Produce Higher-Quality Products
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
5
Entrepreneurship
- Profit Potential
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB13
channel integration.
IB-CHAPTER12
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
Information
Promotion
Credit
IB-CHAPTER12
Displays
15
Vertical Integration
• Two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm.
• This strategy can be used by retailers or manufacturers.
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
IB-CHAPTER12
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
Information
Promotion
Credit
IB-CHAPTER12
Displays
15
Vertical Integration
• Two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm.
• This strategy can be used by retailers or manufacturers.
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB09
9
PartPart III Management III: Management
9 Improving Productivity & Quality
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
9–8
Resources Used for Production
One
Human Resources (type, number and skill level of employees) Materials are transformed by human resources into a final product. Other Resources (building, machinery, equipment, technology, etc.)
9–5
Key Terms
production schedule生产计划 program evaluation and review technique (PERT)规划评估与复核法 quality control质量控制 quality control circle质量控制圈 ，品管圈 reengineering再造 restructuring重组 ，改造 routing路线 ，途径 sampling取样 ，抽样 scheduling进度安排
9–18
Outsourcing
Reasons for outsourcing
Cost Savings Focus on Core Business Cost Restructuring. Outsourcing offers a move
PartPart III Management III: Management
9 Improving Productivity & Quality
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
9–8
Resources Used for Production
One
Human Resources (type, number and skill level of employees) Materials are transformed by human resources into a final product. Other Resources (building, machinery, equipment, technology, etc.)
9–5
Key Terms
production schedule生产计划 program evaluation and review technique (PERT)规划评估与复核法 quality control质量控制 quality control circle质量控制圈 ，品管圈 reengineering再造 restructuring重组 ，改造 routing路线 ，途径 sampling取样 ，抽样 scheduling进度安排
9–18
Outsourcing
Reasons for outsourcing
Cost Savings Focus on Core Business Cost Restructuring. Outsourcing offers a move
Introduction-to-Business培训课件
Home assignments: skill training in personal planning, data collection, information search and analysis
Team assignments:
Team work spirits and experience
精
2
Ms. （Cathy）H. MA
Office: 8404 Office phone: 68681643 Ex. 8404 Email: mahaifang@ Office Hour:
Mon. 12:00-12:45pm Also by appointment
精
3
Textbook
–Qualified and trained HR –Management Competency –Location decision
–Professional help –Planning ability –Market demand
–Luck?
To become a better informed consumer and
7,8
6 Business Management 4
7 Business Management 5,6
8 HR Management
13,14,15
9 (flexible)
精
13
Course Arrangement
Week
Contents
10-11 Marketing
12-13 Operations and Quality
The textbook website:
/international
CCTV channel 2 /special/gsdll/01/
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB01
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–3
Key Terms
human resources information system information technology management manager marketing natural resources nonprofit organization
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–10
Resources Used to Produce Products or Services
Natural
resources Human resources Capital Entrepreneurship
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–16
Entrepreneurship
The creation of business ideas and the willingness to take risk The act of creating, organizing, and managing a business Entrepreneurs are people who organize, manage and assume the risk of starting a business.
4–13
Capital
Machinery, equipment, tools and physical facilities used by a business Technology improves capital by helping to produce products and services more quickly and at a higher quality. Information technology, as a subset of technology, enables information to be used to produce products and services.
1章 商学导论
企业各种资源与关系
关系
关系
关系
关系
关系
2013-9-16
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第9页
第一章 导论
第二节 企业的产生与发展
• 从技术的角度看企业形态的演变（自发的性质）
4
工厂
3
工场手工业
2
– 4
手工业作坊
1
– 3
2006年12月 甘肃省质监局制定出台了《甘肃省食品小作坊 监管工作暂行办法》，界定了小作坊的定义。目前，全省有 关部门正按照该办法对小作坊实施全面整顿。《办法》对食 品生产加工小作坊的经营范围和方式予以准确界定：食品生 产加工小作坊是指生产加工必备条件尚未达到食品质量安全 市场准入要求，但有固定的厂房(场所)、简单的生产加工设 备和设施，有“个体工商户”营业执照和卫生许可证牞能够 按照一定的工艺流程加工、制做、分装食品用于销售的单位 和个人。
2013-9-16 商学导论/Introduction to Business 第20页
第一章 导论
古罗马帝国时期：公司萌芽
公司的起源于股份制，必须先搞清股份制和公司的来源。据 考证，在罗马帝国时期，为满足罗马帝国军队进行战争的需 要，帝国政府特许在其控制下，由一些船夫行会专门负责军 粮贩运贸易。 公司制度首先出现在罗马，罗马长期进行大规模战争需要有 力的后勤保障，这种任务国家无力单独承担，需要借助社会 力量，个人无法胜任，于是出现了多人联合组织船夫行会。 由船夫行会与帝国政府签订契约，独家控制这些军粮专营贩 卖。船夫行会为弥补资金不足，达到粮食贸易的规模经营而 实现高额利润，采用了向社会发行证券的方式募股筹资，开 了股份先河。 以至于当时被明令禁止经商的若干罗马元老晚节不保，成为 了船夫行会的匿名股东。
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB11
11–8
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Human Resource Planning
Job analysis
– Determining the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position
Job specification states the credentials needed to qualify for a position. Job description states the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job position.
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
11–12
Hiring
From the job description, list the responsibilities of the position. For each responsibility, list some task which need to be performed to accomplish the responsibility. For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need. Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
a. Job specification b. Job description c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. performance evaluation
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Human Resource Planning
Job analysis
– Determining the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position
Job specification states the credentials needed to qualify for a position. Job description states the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job position.
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
11–12
Hiring
From the job description, list the responsibilities of the position. For each responsibility, list some task which need to be performed to accomplish the responsibility. For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need. Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
a. Job specification b. Job description c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. performance evaluation
商学导论PPT01
4 Motives and Functions of a Business
Introduction to Business 3e
Jeff Madura
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Learning Goals
Explain the goal of a business. • Identify the resources a business uses to produce a product or service. • Identify the key stakeholders that are involved in a business. • Describe the business environment to which a firm is exposed. • Describe the key types of business decisions.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–5
Key Terms
stakeholder 利益相关者 • stock 股份，股票 • stockholder 股票持有人
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
•
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–4
Key Terms
human resources 人力资源 • information system 信息系统 • information technology 信息技术 • management 管理 • manager 管理者 • marketing 市场营销 • natural resources 自然资源 • nonprofit organization 非盈利组织
Introcution_to_Business_商学导论PPT_IB07
7–9
Steps of Planning
Mission
statement describes the firm’s primary goal. Strategic plan identifies the long-term business focus, perhaps three to five years. It typically includes goals and strategies to satisfy the mission. Tactical planning are smaller scale plans (over one or two years) that are consistent with the firm’s strategic plan. (short-term) Operational planning establishes the methods to be used in the near future (such as the next year) to achieve the tactical plans. Contingency planning are alternative plans developed for various possible business conditions. (alternative plans)
7
III Management PartPart III: Management
Managing Effectively
7
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Chapter 7 Learning Goals
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Change Flexibility
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6 9
• •
Competition
Market share: a firm’s sales volume as a percentage of the total sales in a specific market • Limited competition: easier to increase market share, (higher price), more revenue • Intense competition, market share may decline, lower price, less revenue
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
20
SWOT Analysis
•
Firms use SWOT analysis to develop a competitive advantage
– Assess strengths and weaknesses – Identify opportunities and threats – Use strengths to capitalize on opportunities & reduce exposure to threats.
2.
3.
4. 5.
Explain how to develop a business plan
Identify risks of a business & explain how to manage them
IB-CHAPTER6 2
2017/12/28
Key Terms
initiative • segments • market share • business plan • economies of scale • business risk
Part II: Starting a New Business
6
Entrepreneurship and Business Planning
Learning Goals
1.
Identify advantages & disadvantages of being an entrepreneur & creating a business Identify market conditions that should be assessed before entering a market Explain how to develop a competitive advantage
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6 18
Key Advantages
•
Produce products efficiently
– efficient management of HR – efficient management of production process
•
Produce Higher-Quality Products
•
Expenses of Web-Based Business
– cost of developing a website & installing a shopping cart system – cost of screening credit card payments – cost of paying a website firm monthly fee – cost of paying marketing expenses to increase its visibility to customers
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
3
Creating a New Business
•
Small businesses are created by entrepreneurs who
– have a business idea & – willing to invest their own money to back the idea
• • • • • •
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
17
Developing Competitive Advantage
•
Ways to maintain or increase market share: ONE of FOUR
– Low-cost production – Better quality than competitors – Product differentiation – Technological Advantage (Revise for GLOBAL Markets)
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
10
Competition
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
11
Segmented market
• by types of customers • by quality
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTE
Labor Costs Unions
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
13
Regulatory Conditions
state/government regulations • especially restrictive regulations • industry regulations
IB-CHAPTER6
Exhibit 5.1
16
Industry Research
•
After tracking pet industry statistics for more than a decade, The American Pet Products Manufacturers Association (APPMA) released new figures today proving the pet industry is leading the pack. Pet spending has more than doubled from $17 billion in 1994 to a projected $35.9 billion for 2005. And, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the pet industry is now the seventh largest retail segment in the country*. In 2005, Americans’ spending on pets is projected to be higher than ever: · $14.5 billion for food · $8.8 billion for supplies and O-T-C medications · $8.6 billion for veterinarian care · $1.6 billion for live animal purchases · $2.4 billion for other services Pet spending in 2004 was even more successful than projected, with total sales coming in at $34.4 billion. This positions the pet industry 60 percent larger than the toy industry ($20 billion) and 33 percent larger than the candy industry ($24 billion). Source:/press_releasedetail.asp?id=51 - 33k acessed 7/11/05
Internet makes the process easier • Some useful websites: p167
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
4
Resources Available to Assist Entrepreneur
•
•
•
SBA: The Small Business Administration web site provides many resources related to creating a small business Yahoo !: Yahoo ! Small Business Site – a good place to find links for more information American Express: American Express Small Business Site /smallbusin ess provides much information and links that can help during start up.
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
5
Entrepreneurship
- Profit Potential
- Your Own Boss -Direct Rewards -More self-satisfaction - Loss Potential - Accountability
- Failure Possibility
Advantages
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6
Disadvantages
6
Entrepreneurial Profile
Risk tolerance • Creativity • Initiative
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6 9
• •
Competition
Market share: a firm’s sales volume as a percentage of the total sales in a specific market • Limited competition: easier to increase market share, (higher price), more revenue • Intense competition, market share may decline, lower price, less revenue
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
20
SWOT Analysis
•
Firms use SWOT analysis to develop a competitive advantage
– Assess strengths and weaknesses – Identify opportunities and threats – Use strengths to capitalize on opportunities & reduce exposure to threats.
2.
3.
4. 5.
Explain how to develop a business plan
Identify risks of a business & explain how to manage them
IB-CHAPTER6 2
2017/12/28
Key Terms
initiative • segments • market share • business plan • economies of scale • business risk
Part II: Starting a New Business
6
Entrepreneurship and Business Planning
Learning Goals
1.
Identify advantages & disadvantages of being an entrepreneur & creating a business Identify market conditions that should be assessed before entering a market Explain how to develop a competitive advantage
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6 18
Key Advantages
•
Produce products efficiently
– efficient management of HR – efficient management of production process
•
Produce Higher-Quality Products
•
Expenses of Web-Based Business
– cost of developing a website & installing a shopping cart system – cost of screening credit card payments – cost of paying a website firm monthly fee – cost of paying marketing expenses to increase its visibility to customers
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
3
Creating a New Business
•
Small businesses are created by entrepreneurs who
– have a business idea & – willing to invest their own money to back the idea
• • • • • •
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
17
Developing Competitive Advantage
•
Ways to maintain or increase market share: ONE of FOUR
– Low-cost production – Better quality than competitors – Product differentiation – Technological Advantage (Revise for GLOBAL Markets)
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
10
Competition
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
11
Segmented market
• by types of customers • by quality
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTE
Labor Costs Unions
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
13
Regulatory Conditions
state/government regulations • especially restrictive regulations • industry regulations
IB-CHAPTER6
Exhibit 5.1
16
Industry Research
•
After tracking pet industry statistics for more than a decade, The American Pet Products Manufacturers Association (APPMA) released new figures today proving the pet industry is leading the pack. Pet spending has more than doubled from $17 billion in 1994 to a projected $35.9 billion for 2005. And, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the pet industry is now the seventh largest retail segment in the country*. In 2005, Americans’ spending on pets is projected to be higher than ever: · $14.5 billion for food · $8.8 billion for supplies and O-T-C medications · $8.6 billion for veterinarian care · $1.6 billion for live animal purchases · $2.4 billion for other services Pet spending in 2004 was even more successful than projected, with total sales coming in at $34.4 billion. This positions the pet industry 60 percent larger than the toy industry ($20 billion) and 33 percent larger than the candy industry ($24 billion). Source:/press_releasedetail.asp?id=51 - 33k acessed 7/11/05
Internet makes the process easier • Some useful websites: p167
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
4
Resources Available to Assist Entrepreneur
•
•
•
SBA: The Small Business Administration web site provides many resources related to creating a small business Yahoo !: Yahoo ! Small Business Site – a good place to find links for more information American Express: American Express Small Business Site /smallbusin ess provides much information and links that can help during start up.
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
5
Entrepreneurship
- Profit Potential
- Your Own Boss -Direct Rewards -More self-satisfaction - Loss Potential - Accountability
- Failure Possibility
Advantages
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6
Disadvantages
6
Entrepreneurial Profile
Risk tolerance • Creativity • Initiative