Digestive System
FunctionsoftheDigestiveSystem：消化系统的功能
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
2
Understand the functions of the digestive system
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
What chemicals are released there?
How long does it take for the stomach to empty?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestivaction takes place in the mouth as a result?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
7
Functions of the digestive system
the digestive system
4
Functions of the digestive system
Tongue What is the digestive system function of the tongue?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
5
Functions of the digestive system
Teeth
Define mastication.
The Digestive System
The Human Digestive System
Begins when food enters
the mouth. It is physically broken down by the teeth. It is begun to be chemically broken down by amylase, an enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates.
The Human Digestive System
1.
Duodenum Bile, produced in the liver but stored in the gall bladder, enters through the bile duct. It breaks down fats. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice to reduce the acidity of the chyme.
The Human Digestive System
The bolus passes down
the esophagus by peristalsis. Peristalsis is a wave of muscular contractions that push the bolus down towards the stomach.
The Human Digestive System
3. Ileum
The last portion of the small intestine is the ileum, which has fewer villi and basically compacts the leftovers to pass through the caecum into the large intestine.
Chapter-5-Digestive-System
第三页，编辑于星期日：十八点 五十七分。
Digestive system
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aliment/o: food, nutrient
❖alimentation: process of giving or taking nourishment. ▪ 营养，营养吸收
❖alimentary: pertaining to food. ▪ 营养的, 饮食的 ▪ alimentary tract/canal
body, hence from the colon to the outside of the body.
▪ 结肠造口术
第十四页，编辑于星期日：十八点 五十七分。
dent/o, dent/i: tooth
❖ dentition: the teeth in the dental arch.
▪ 齿系, 齿列 ❖ lobiodental: lobi/o lip, hence pertaining to the lip and the
❖hyperalimentation: hyper- excessive, hence excessive amount of food. ▪ 营养过度，高营养
第五页，编辑于星期日：十八点 五十七分。
appendic/o: appendix 阑尾
❖appendectomy: ectomy excision, hence removal of the appendix. ▪ 阑尾切除术
▪ 盲肠固定术
❖ cecocolic: col/o colon, hence pertaining to the cecum and colon.
▪ 盲(肠)结肠的
Chapter 13 Digestive System
咽 throat, pharynx
1.
pharyngo- 源于希腊语larunx，意为throat
鼻咽、口咽、喉பைடு நூலகம்？
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
食管 esophagus
1.
esophago- 源于希腊语eso- (into) + phago (to eat)
空肠jejunum
1.
jejuno- 源于拉丁语，意为empty jejunostomy ？ ileo- 源于拉丁语 回肠切开术 ？
回肠ileum
1.
Jejunum is about seven and a half feet long and continues into the ileum.
牙 tooth
1. 2.
dento-: from Latin odonto-: from Greek dental odontorrhagia odontolith
牙龈 gum
gingivo-: from Latin
gingivitis
舌 tongue
1. 2.
linguo-: from Latin glosso-: from Greek sublingual glossodynia
Exercises
Using the adjective suffix –al write a word for each of the following definitions: 1. Pertaining to the lips labial 2. Pertaining to the gums gingival 3. Pertaining to the cheek buccal 4. Pertaining to the mouth oral 5. Pertaining to the tongue lingual, glossal
digestive system 相关英语词汇
digestive system 相关英语词汇The digestive system is a complex network of organs and tissues responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use. It involves a series of physical and chemical processes that occur in the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs such as the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.Here are some key English vocabulary related to the digestive system:$$1. Mouth and Teeth:$$* **Mouth:** The entry point for food intake. * **Teeth (Teeth):** Hard, calcified structures used for chewing and grinding food. * **Tongue:** A muscular organ that moves food around in the mouth and helps in swallowing. ***Saliva:** A watery secretion that moistens food, begins the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, and helps in swallowing.**2. Esophagus:*** **Esophagus:** A muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. * **Peristalsis:** The rhythmic muscular contractions that propel food through the esophagus.**3. Stomach:*** **Stomach:** A hollow, muscular organ that stores food, secretes gastric juices, and mixes food with these juices to form a semisolid mass called chyme. * **Gastric Juice:** A mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and mucus secreted by the stomach. * **Hydrochloric Acid:** A strong acid that helps in the digestion of protein and creates an acidic environment that kills bacteria. * **Enzyme:** A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in the body, including the breakdown of food into nutrients. * **Mucus:** A slippery, viscous substance that coats the lining of the stomach, protecting it from the corrosive effects of gastric juice.**4. Small Intestine:*** **Small Intestine:** A long, coiled tube that continues from the stomach and is the primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients. * **Duodenum:** Thefirst part of the small intestine, closest to the stomach. * **Jejunum:** The middle part of the small intestine. ***Ileum:** The final part of the small intestine, leading to the large intestine. * **Villi:** Tiny, finger-like projections on the inner lining of the small intestine that increase its surface area for absorption. * **Microvilli:** Minute projections on the surface of the villi that further enhance the absorption capacity of the small intestine.**5. Large Intestine:*** **Large Intestine:** A wider, shorter tube that absorbs water and forms feces. * **Colon:** The major part of the large intestine. * **Rectum:** The final, straight section of the large intestine, leading to the anus. ***Feces:** Solid waste product formed in the largeintestine and expelled from the body through the anus.**6. Accessory Organs:*** **Liver:** A large organ that produces bile, metabolizes fats, stores vitamins and minerals, and detoxifies the blood. * **Bile:** A yellowish fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It helps in the digestion of fats. * **Gallbladder:** A small,pear-shaped sac that stores bile until it is needed for digestion. * **Pancreas:** A gland that produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as well as hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.**7. Digestive Processes and Functions:*** **Digestion:** The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. ***Absorption:** The process of nutrients passing through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream. ***Metabolism:** The set of chemical reactions that occur in the body to convert food into energy and building blocksfor cells and tissues.These are just a few of the many terms related to the digestive system. The digestive system is a highly complex and interconnected network of organs and processes, and its efficient functioning is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being. Disorders of the digestive system can lead to a range of symptoms and health issues, makingit important to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle to promote optimal digestive health.。
医学影像学专业英语Digestive system(2)
contrast enhanced varices.
carcinoma of oesophagus
carcinoma of oesophagus
Clinical manifestations
1.carcinoma of esophagus is a malignant tumor arising from the oesophagus , most in over 40 years old.
is swallowed slowly
esophageal varices
Late stage (serious)
involving the whole esophagus mucosae is displaced of filling defects which sizes are
different wriggling is weak, barium is swallowed slowly
Oesophageal varices
CT at mid-chest level
demonstrates multiple tubular and rounded contrast enhanced structures surrounding the oesophagus and representing perioesophageal varices (large arrows). Enhancement of the thickened oesophageal wall (small arrow) is due to enlarged submucosal
大学英语digestive_system
2
Digestive tract
The human digestive system includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine（cecum， appendix，colon and rectum） and anus.
Digestive system
1
The function of the digestive system is to prepare food for intake by body cells. Nutrients must be broken down by mechanical and chemical means into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the circulation. Within cells, the nutrients are used for energy and for rebuilding vital cell components. Digestion takes place in the digestive tract.
关于消化系统的英文PPT
The Digestive System
(also called the gastrointestinal or alimentary
canal)
a
1
Introduction
The primary functions
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination
Anatomically, the digestive system consist of a 30-foot long, mucous membrane-lined tube beginning with mouth and ending with the anus
a
2
The digestive system
•The tongue manipulates food in the mouth during
mastication and deglutition.
•The palate the hard plate and the soft plate (the uvula
hanging from the soft plate)
The colon has 3 divisions : the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the sigmoid colon. As fluid waste from the small intestine pass through various sections of the colon ,water is reabsorbed into body.
2.The Digestive System
• • • •
pancreato(pancreas) stomato(mouth) linguo(tongue) duodeno(duodenum)
• pancreato(pancreas): pancreatopathy,pancreatitis
• stomato(mouth):stomatitis,stomatoplasty(口腔成形 术),stomatalgia • linguo(tongue):sublingual,linguodental,lingualoplasty • duodeno(duodenum):duodenectomy,gastroduodena l,duodenoscopy
• He started to have the pain on July 10,2004,soon after his supper. The pain was persistent in nature, gradually increased in severity and radiated to the right scapular region. He vomited once. No fever was noticed. He had similar attacks in the past.
• The mouth: • 1. decomposes very large aggregates of food molecules into smaller particles • 2.allows saliva and enzymes to enter inside the larger food complexes • 3. set off a signaling message to the body to start the entire digestive process
Unit14 digestive System Class1
胃和十二指肠溃疡是由早期浅表的粘膜病变演变而来的。 对于食管、胃、十二指肠的炎症、溃疡和肿瘤，胃镜检查要
比x线检查更准确。 Gastroscopy is more accurate than X-rays for detecting
急性肝衰竭能导致许多并发症，包括大出血和颅 内压增高。急性肝衰竭的另一种类型是暴发性肝 衰竭。
choleric: a.胆的
chole-, chol(o)- bile
cholecyst
胆囊
cholecystitis
胆囊切除术
cholecystectomy
cholesterol
Cultural Knowledge
The most common sites for cancer of the GI tract are the colon and rectum. Together these colorectal cancers rank among the most frequent causes of cancers deaths in the United States in both men and women. A diet low in fiber and calcium and high in fat is a major risk factor in colorectal cancer.
In addition to the alimentary canal, there are several important accessory organs that help your body to digest food, but do not have food pass through them. Accessory organs of the digestive system include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Digestive System消化系统英文值得收藏
Digestive Juices used Saliva None Gastric juice (like Stomach acid)
Vision 03
e of drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs 非甾体抗炎药)
Methods of examination
1 2 3
Endoscopy 内窥镜
Laboratory inspection:blood and stool routines, C-urea breath test
laboratory examination
Barium meal（钡餐） Barium studies of the proximal gastro-intestinal tract are still commonly used as a first test for documenting an ulcer. For a DU ,it appears as a welldemarcated crater, often seen in the bulb . For a GU ,it may represent benign or malignant disease. Typically,a benign GU also appears as a discrete crater with radiating mucosal folds originating from the ulcer margin . （GU可能是良性和恶性。典型的良性表现为 游离龛影，粘膜皱襞从溃疡边缘向内放射集 中）
消化内科 英文试题及答案
消化内科英文试题及答案Digestive System Internal Medicine English Exam Questions and AnswersQuestion 1:1. What is the role of the digestive system in the body?2. List the main organs of the digestive system and briefly describe their functions.3. Explain the process of digestion.Answer 1:The digestive system plays a crucial role in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients necessary for the body's functioning. It ensures the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients from the food we consume.The main organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus. Each organ has its specific functions in the digestion process.- Mouth: The mouth is the starting point of digestion. It is responsible for biting, chewing, and grinding food, and mixing it with saliva to form a bolus.- Esophagus: The esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach and helps transport the food bolus through peristalsis.- Stomach: The stomach secretes gastric juices, including enzymes and hydrochloric acid, to break down food further and initiate the digestion of proteins.- Small Intestine: The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption. It receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver to break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Nutrient absorption occurs through the small intestine's lining.- Large Intestine (Colon): The colon absorbs water and electrolytes from waste materials, forming feces.- Rectum: The rectum stores feces until it is expelled through the anus during defecation.- Anus: The anus is the opening through which feces are eliminated from the body.The process of digestion involves several steps. It begins with the intake of food through the mouth, where it is mechanically broken down through chewing. Saliva mixes with the food, initiating the breakdown of starches. The food bolus then travels through the esophagus into the stomach. In the stomach, gastric juices and muscular contractions help break down the food into a semi-liquid mixture called chyme.The partially digested food then enters the small intestine, where it further breaks down with the help of pancreatic enzymes and bile secreted by the liver. The small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream. The undigested waste moves into the large intestine, where water and electrolytes are absorbed, forming solid waste (feces). Finally, the feces are stored in the rectum until elimination through the anus.Question 2:1. What are the common digestive system disorders?2. Explain the symptoms and possible causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).3. Discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for peptic ulcers.Answer 2:The digestive system is susceptible to various disorders. Some common digestive system disorders include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and gallstones.Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a chronic condition where stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. The symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, and chest pain. The possible causes of GERD include a weak lower esophageal sphincter (LES), obesity, hiatal hernia, certain medications, and smoking. Treatment options for GERD include lifestyle changes (weight loss, avoiding trigger foods), medications that reduce stomach acid production or neutralize acid, and, in severe cases, surgery to reinforce the LES.Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. The common causes of peptic ulcers are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria and prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The symptoms of peptic ulcers include abdominal pain, bloating, indigestion, weight loss, and vomiting blood. Treatment options for peptic ulcers include antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection, medications that reduce stomach acid production, and lifestyle changes (avoiding alcohol, caffeine, and smoking).Question 3:1. What lifestyle changes can promote a healthy digestive system?2. Explain the benefits of a balanced diet for digestion.3. Discuss the importance of regular exercise for maintaining a healthy digestive system.Answer 3:Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for promoting a healthy digestive system. Here are some lifestyle changes that can positively impact digestion:1. Diet: Consuming a balanced diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins promotes healthy digestion. Avoiding excessive intake of processed foods, saturated fats, and sugars helps in maintaining digestive health.2. Hydration: Drinking an adequate amount of water is essential for digestion. It helps soften stools and prevents constipation.3. Portion control: Eating smaller, frequent meals rather than large meals helps the digestive system function optimally. Overeating can cause discomfort and put strain on the digestive organs.4. Chew food thoroughly: Properly chewing food aids digestion by breaking down food into smaller particles, making it easier to process further along the digestive tract.5. Regular exercise: Engaging in physical activity stimulates digestion and helps prevent constipation. Exercise promotes healthy muscle contractions and improves overall digestive function.6. Stress management: High levels of stress can disrupt the digestive process. Employing stress-reducing techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and regular relaxation can support healthy digestion.A balanced diet plays a crucial role in promoting good digestion. It provides the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for the optimal functioning of the digestive system. Fiber-rich foods, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, aid in maintaining regular bowel movements and prevent constipation. Adequate protein intake helps repair and build digestive tissues. Consuming probiotic-rich foods, such as yogurt, supports a healthy gut microbiome, enhancing digestion.Regular exercise is important for maintaining a healthy digestive system. Physical activity helps regulate bowel movements, preventing constipation. It also promotes healthy muscle contractions throughout the digestive tract, aiding in the movement of food. Regular exercise can help alleviate symptoms of digestive disorders such as IBS and promote overall digestive health.In conclusion, maintaining a healthy digestive system is crucial for overall well-being. By adopting a balanced diet, practicing portion control, staying hydrated, engaging in regular exercise, and managing stress, individuals can support their digestive system's optimal functioning and reduce the risk of digestive disorders.。
03-Digestive System消化系统
1.3.2 Focal lesions within the liver
Colloid scintigraphy played a unique role in identifying space-occupying lesions of the liver; Most true space-occupying processes within the liver, such as metastases and abscesses(脓肿), are devoid of Kupffer cells, with resultant defects noted on SC imaging. Primary masses originating within the liver, including HCC, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatic adenoma, are all devoid of uptake on SC studies.
2.2 Technique
Generally, imaging consists of three phases: arterial perfusion (flow), immediate blood pool, and delayed blood pool. (1) Arterial perfusion imaging, typically obtained at 1 frame per second during injection of the labeled RBCs, reveals useful information about regional supply of hepatic arterial blood flow and should be performed in the view potentially suited to portray the lesion while avoiding overlap with normal vascular structures.
常见消化系统疾病英语作文
常见消化系统疾病英语作文Common Digestive System Diseases。
The digestive system plays a vital role in our body as it helps in breaking down food into nutrients that can be easily absorbed by the body. However, there are several digestive system diseases that can affect the normal functioning of this system. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common digestive system diseases.1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)。
GERD is a digestive disorder that occurs when the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Some of the common symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. This disease can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes.2. Peptic Ulcer Disease。
Peptic ulcer disease is a condition that occurs when there is a break in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum. The most common cause of this disease is a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori. Some of the common symptoms of peptic ulcer disease include abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea. Treatment for this disease includes medication and lifestyle changes.3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)。
digestive system
Appendicitis diagnosis standard
Maxwell house point of tenderness and bounce are painful is the important signs clinical acute appendicitis
The human body in the whole life activity, must absorb nutrients from the outside world as a life activity energy sources, satisfy the human development, growth, reproduction, tissue repair and a series of metabolic activity needs. The digestive system of human body each organ coordination and cooperation, the intake of food from the outside world to physical, chemical digestion, absorb the nutrients, and the food residue eduction body outside, it is to guarantee the normal metabolism of human body is an important system.
The digestive system is composed of the digestive tract and digestive gland of two main components. Digestive tube including oral, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, Clinical often put the mouth to the duodenal this paragraph says upper gastrointestinal, jejunum the following part of the digestive tract said. Digestive gland have small digestive gland and great digestive gland two. Small digestive gland scattered in digestive tube ministries of the wall inside, big digestive gland have three pairs of salivary glands, liver and pancreas.
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Digestive System
By Zhang Fei, SYSUCC
11214419
All of these eight systems including kinetic system, nervous system, endocrine system, circulatory system, respiratory system, urinary system digestive system, and reproductive system work in coordination with each other and make our body function well with complicated biochemical reactions. While every one of them plays a greatly important role, digestive system provide us “fuel” so that our body can get enough energy to “work” normally. Now let’s make a deep exploration of our digestive system.
The digestive system is comprised of the digestive tract —a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus that help the body break down and transport the food,and the digestive glands—including the liver, the pancreas and other glands, which can secret digestive fluids and enzymes into the digestive tract through small tubes called ducts that can help absorb the ans that make up the digestive tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine—also called the colon—rectum, and anus.
When we eat foods—such as bread, meat, and vegetables, they are not in a form that the body can use directly. Food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules before they can be absorbed into the blood and carried to cells throughout the body. So digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so that the body can use them to build and to provide energy. Those are the main functions of the digestive system.
The two main types of digestion is physical and chemical digestion. Physical digestion is the physical breakdown of food, with the help of our teeth and gastrointestinal movement, which is also called mastication. While chemical digestion uses different fluids and chemicals in our body to break down the food further, such as pepsin and hydrochloric acid, so that the nutrients can be easily absorbed by the villi, which is the inside lining of the small intestine. The large intestine then push the waste to the rectum which is the last part of the large intestine, then out the anus and into our toilet.
All of those processes above are presisely controlled by the nerves, hormones, the blood, and the organs of the
digestive system. Together, they conduct the complex tasks of digesting and absorbing nutrients from the foods and liquids we consume each day.
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Zhang Fei
2011/10/23。