专升本语法

语法

1.主谓一致

1）名词+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than 等+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与介词短语前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致。

The two passengers, as well as the driver, were injured in the traffic accident.

2）主语是and 连接的两个单数名词，且前面each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语单词用单数。

Every bush and every flower is to be cut down.

3）时间、金钱、距离、重量等作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Five years is not a long time.

Eighty dollars is what she needs.

4）就近原则，谓语动词参照离它最近的主语而定。这些词有or, either…or, neither...nor, not only…but also, there be 句型

Either I or She is to attend the meeting.

There is a pen and two books in this bag.

5）all/ half/some of 以及the rest of, none of, most of, a part of , plenty of 等+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后面的名词

The rest of the peasants were still poor.

Most of his spare time was spent in reading.

2. 强调句句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强

调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分

It is the mistake that you should focus on, not the person. (07)

It wasn’t the dinner. It was what people talked about at the dinner that disgusted him.

1）被强调部分是主语、宾语或状语

I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

2）句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其他部分

e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

3.虚拟语气

①It was essential that the application forms (should) be sent back on time. (07)

与essential此用法相同的还有urgent, necessary, important

②One of the requirements for producing vapor is that the water (should) be heated to its

boiling point.

It is required for producing vapor that the water (should) be heated to its boiling point.

The surgeon’s advice was that the patient should be operated on at once.

与advice 此用法相同的还有demand, order, necessity, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, request, plan

③与现在事实相反

Even if he were here, he would not be able to help us.

与过去事实相反

If John had told me in advance, I would have met him at the airport.

If we had had adequate time to prepare, the results would have bee much better.

My sister can’t have received my e-mail. Otherwise, she would have replied.

虚拟语气用于非真实条件句。参考下表

4.

W

e can’t get rid o

f war unless we get rid of the cause of war. (07)

While 然而；与…同时

5.部分倒装句型

a)Only+状语位于句首表强调时

Only by division of labor can an increase in production be achieved. (07) 2）具有否定意义或否定形式的词放在句首要部分倒装

否定意义的词：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, hardly…when

否定形式的词：这类词比较容易识别，not, not until

In no way, no sooner…than, by no means….

Not only did the manager make a promise, but also he kept it.

Not until that day did I realize the importance of good manners in a job interview.

3）如果前面句子所说的情况也适合后面句子，后面句子常用so(肯定), nor, neither(否定)+do/does/did/can等+主语

The old lady who moved here a month ago never laughs, nor does she ever lose her