四川农业大学2000年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题-生物化学
(NEW)四川农业大学854生物化学基础历年考研真题汇编
目 录2001年四川农业大学生物化学考研真题（回忆版，不完整）2002年四川农业大学生物化学考研真题2004年四川农业大学生物化学考研真题2008年四川农业大学812生物化学考研真题（回忆版）2009年四川农业大学812生物化学考研真题（回忆版）2010年四川农业大学812生物化学考研真题（回忆版）（不完整）2011年四川农业大学812生物化学考研真题2013年四川农业大学生物化学考研真题（回忆版）（不完整）2014年四川农业大学854生物化学考研真题（回忆版）2015年四川农业大学854生物化学考研真题（含部分答案）2016年四川农业大学854生物化学考研真题（回忆版）（不完整）2001年四川农业大学生物化学考研真题（回忆版，不完整）1．以葡萄糖为例，比较燃料分子在体外和在体内彻底氧化的异同点。
2．何谓糖异生作用？在生物体中若使草酰乙酸转变成糖，经历什么途径？写出反应历程和催化酶类。
3．以大肠杆菌乳糖操纵子为例，说明原核细胞中可诱导酶合成的调节机制。
4．在两种不同的生物中发现某种功能相同的蛋白质，氨基酸的序列分析表明，它们之间只相差两个氨基酸，但其的碱基顺序差异较大，试说明可能的原因。
5．通常怎样表示酶的活力？酶活力的实际意义是什麽？测定酶活力应注意那些事项？2002年四川农业大学生物化学考研真题2004年四川农业大学生物化学考研真题2008年四川农业大学812生物化学考研真题（回忆版）一、名词解释呼吸链、超螺旋结构、酶辅助因子、反密码子、K m别构酶、酶的共价调节、酶的竞争性抑制作用、DNA的半保留复制、遗传密码的简并性二、简答题1．举例说明酶的活性是怎样测定的？2．以乳糖操纵子为例说明原核生物基因表达控制的机制。
3．简述DNA双螺旋基本特征。
4．简述乙酰CoA在含碳化合物代谢中的作用。
三、问答题1．试述蛋白质的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列与生物学功能的关系以及蛋白质氨基酸序列和他们的立体结构之间的关系。
四川农业大学考研真题之生物化学
四川农业大学考研真题之生物化学四川农业大学2021年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题科目名称：812生物化学(总分:150分)适用专业：0710生物学类学生特别注意：所有答案所需写下在答题纸上，否则违宪！本试题随同答题纸交还！一、选择题（每题1分后，共30分后，挑选最佳答案）1、在下列所有氨基酸溶液中，不引起偏振光旋转的氨基酸是：a、丙氨酸b、亮氨酸c、甘氨酸d、丝氨酸2、蛋白质分子中-s-s-脱落的方法就是：a、加过甲酸b、透析法c、加尿素d、加重金属盐3、下列关于肽链部分断裂的叙述正确的是：a、溴化氰脱落苏氨酸的羧基构成的肽键b、胰蛋白酶专一性水解碱性氨基酸的羧基形成的肽键c、胰蛋白酶专一性水解芳香族氨基酸的羧基形成的肽键d、胰凝乳蛋白酶专一性水解芳香族氨基酸的氨基构成的肽键4、将抗体固定在层析柱的载体上，使抗原从流经此柱的蛋白样品中分离出来，这种技术属于a、溶解层析b、色谱法层析c、亲和层析d、凝胶过滤器5、以下关于z型dna结构的描述（）就是不恰当的。
a、它是左手螺旋b、每个螺旋有12个碱基对，每个碱基对上升0.37nmc、dna的主链取z字形d、它是细胞内dna存在的主要形式6、胸腺嘧啶除了作为dna的主要组分外，还经常出现在下列哪个分子中。
a、mrnab、trnac、rrnad、hnrna7、引发疯牛病（牛海绵脑病）的病原体就是：a、一种dnab、一种rnac、一种蛋白质d、一种多糖8、在mrna中，核苷酸之间通过下列哪种键连接。
a、磷酸酯键b、氢键c、糖苷键d、磷酸二酯键9、同意trna随身携带氨基酸特异性的关键部位就是：a、-xcca3’末端b、tψc环c、反密码环d、hdu环10、具5’cpgpgptpap3’顺序的单链dna能与下列哪个rna杂交。
a、5’-gpcpcpaptp-3’b、5’-gpcpcpapup-3’c、5’-upapcpcpgp-3’d、5’-tpapcpcpgp-3’11、丙二酸对琥珀酸脱氢酶的抑制作用，按遏制类型应当属a、反馈抑制b、非竞争性抑制c、竞争性抑制d、底物抑制12、在酶的分离纯化中最理想的实验结果是：a、提纯倍数低，回收率低b、蛋白回收率高第1页共4页c、回收率小但纯化倍数高13、fad或fmn中含有d、比活力最小a、尼克酸b、核黄素c、吡哆醛d、吡哆胺14、磷酸戊糖途径中需要的酶有a、异柠檬酸脱氢酶b、6-磷酸果糖激酶c、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶d、转氨酶15、须要引物分子参予生物合成反应的存有：a、糖原合成b、脂肪酸合成c、酮体生成d、糖异生合成葡萄糖16、三羧酸循环的关键限速酶是（）。
四川农业大学考研生物化学历年真题
四川农业大学考研生物化学历年真题李超绪论（1学时）第一章蛋白质化学（8学时）第二章核酸化学（5学时）第三章酶学（6学时）第四章维生素与辅酶（2学时）第五章生物膜的结构与功能（2学时）第六章新陈代谢引论和生物能学概述（4学时）第七章糖与糖代谢（6学时）第八章生物氢化电子传递和氧化磷酸化作用(4学时)第九章脂类代谢(4学时)第十章蛋白质的酶促降解和氨基酸的代谢(3学时)第十一章核酸的酶水解和核苷酸代谢(2学时)第十二章DNA的复制、修复和重组(3学时)第十三章RNA的生物合成(3学时)第十四章蛋白质的生物合成与修饰(4学时)第十五章细胞代谢和基因表达的调节(4学时)第十六章基因工程和蛋白质工程(4学时) 四川农业大学2004年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：生物化学(总分：150分) 适用专业：各专业考生注意：本试题随同答题纸交回！一、选择题（1×40=40分）1、关于下列氨基酸的说明，哪个是不正确的：A.酪氨酸和笨丙氨酸都含有苯环B.丝氨酸和苏氨酸都含有羟基C.亮氨酸和缬氨酸都是分枝氨基酸D.脯氨酸和酪氨酸都是R-侧链非极性氨基酸2、有一种混合氨基酸溶液，其pI值分别为4.6、5.0、5.3、6.7、7.5，电泳时欲使其中4种向正极移动，缓冲液pH应该是多少A.4．0B.5.0C.6.0D.7.0 d.8.03、下列那种方法可以测定蛋白质分子质量：A. SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法B. 凯氏定氮法C. 荧光分光光度法D. Folin酚试剂法4、盐析法沉淀蛋白质的原理是：A.中和电荷，破坏水膜B.与蛋白质结合成不溶性蛋白盐C.次级键断裂，蛋白质构象改变D.调节蛋白质溶液的等电点5、具有生物催化剂特征的核酶(ribozyme)其化学本质是：A.蛋白质B. RNAC. DNAD.糖蛋白6下列中那一个是DNA热变性后应具有的特征？A.碱基之间的磷酸二酯键断裂B.在260nm下的光吸收值增加C. 在260nm下的光吸收值降低D.熔解温度与G-C含量无关7、氰化物中毒是由于抑制了哪种细胞色素？A. Cytc1B. CytbC. CytcD. Cyt aa38、1958年Meselson和Stahl利用15N标记大肠杆菌DNA的实验首先证明了下列哪一种机制？A. DNA能被复制B. DNA的基因可以被转录为mRNAC. DNA的半保留复制机制D. DNA全保留复制机制9、下列那一个序列可被限制性核酸内切酶识别并切割？A. 5’-AGTC-3’B. 5’-ACCT-3’3’-TCAG-5’ 3’-TGGA-5’C. 5’-ATCG-3’ D. 5’-ACGT-3’3’-TAGC-5’ 3’-TGCA-5’10、下列哪一个不是终止密码？A. UAAB. UACC. UAGD. UGA11、假定一蛋白质全部由-螺旋肽段组成，其分子量为3000，如果以氨基酸残基的平均分子量为110计算，该蛋白质的分子长度是：A. 4.2nmB. 4.5nmC. 4.lnmD. 4.8nm12、下列哪种反应涉及到生物素的参加？A. 还原反应B. 羧化反应C.氧化作用D. 脱羧基作用13、下列关于激素的哪种描述是不正确的？A. 激素具有多效性B. 激素的含量极低C. 激素的分泌受反馈调节D. 激素的受体都存在于质膜上14、组成核酸的核糖主要来源于哪条代谢途径？A. 糖酵解B.磷酸戊糖途径C. 三羧酸循环D. 糖异生15、谷氨酸的pK’1(-COOH)为2.19，pK’2(-N+H3)为9.67，pK’3r(-COOH)为4.25，其pI是:A．4.25 B. 3.22 C. 6.96 D. 5.9316、酶促反应中决定酶专一性的部分是：A. 酶蛋白B. 底物C. 辅酶或辅基D. 催化基团17、生物体内ATP最终主要的来源是：A. 糖酵解B. TCA循环C. 磷酸戊糖途径D. 氧化磷酸化作用18、 -酮戊二酸酸脱氢酶系需要下列哪些因子作为辅酶？A. NAD+B. NADP+C. FMND. CoA19、下列关于化学渗透学说，哪种叙述是不对的？A. H+返回膜内时可以推动ATP酶合成ATPB. 递氢体和递电子体都可能有质子泵的作用C. 线粒体内膜外侧的H+可以自由返回膜内D. 呼吸链各组分按特定的位置排列在线粒体内膜上20、下列关于脂肪酸 -氧化的叙述哪一个是正确的？A. 需称为酮体的氧化酶系催化B. 有 -酮脂酰CoA中间产物形成C. 与糖代谢比较产生的能量较少D. 从脂肪酸的末端甲基开始降解21、下面哪种氨基酸是从三羧酸循环中的一个中间产物经转氨基作用生成的？A. AlaB. HisC. AspD. Ser22、以下对L－谷氨酸脱氢酶的描述哪一项是错误的？A. 它催化的是氧化脱氨反应B. 它的辅酶是NAD+或NADP+B. 它和相应的转氨酶共同催化联合脱氨基作用D. 它在生物体内活力不强，分布不广23、下列染色体DNA分子中哪种突变最可能是致死的？A. 腺嘌呤代替胞嘧啶B.胞嘧啶代替鸟嘌呤C. 缺失三个核苷酸D. 插入一个核苷酸对24、酶原的激活是由于：A. 氢键断裂，改变酶分子构象B.切割肽链，酶分子构象改变C. 酶蛋白与辅助因子结合D. 亚基解聚或亚基聚合25、下列与能量代谢有关的过程除哪个外都发生在线粒体中？A. 糖酵解B. 三羧酸循环C. 氧化磷酸化D. 脂肪酸的 -氧化26、下列关于DNA半不连续复制的叙述哪一个是正确的？A. DNA前导链的合成需要RNA引物，而滞后链的合成不需要RNA引物B. DNA两条链的复制都从3′→5′C. DNA前导链的合成方向是5′→3′，而滞后链方向是3′→5′D. DNA一条链的复制是连续的，而另一条链的复制是分段合成的27、下列关于RNA生物合成的叙述哪一个是错误的？A. RNA 聚合酶仅在DNA模板存在时催化磷酸二酯键的形成B. RNA链增长时需要引物C. RNA合成的模板是双链DNA中的反义链D. 新生RNA链与摸板DNA链可形成局部杂交螺旋28、嘌呤核苷酸的嘌呤核上第1位N原子来自：A. GlyB. GlnC. ASPD. 甲酸29、RNA病毒的复制由下列酶中的哪一个催化进行?A. RNA聚合酶B. RNA复制酶C. DNA聚合酶D. 反转录酶30、tRNA的作用是:A. 把一个氨基酸连到另一个氨基酸上B.将mRNA连到rRNAC. 增加氨基酸的有效浓度D.把氨基酸带到mRNA的特定位置上31、蛋白质生物合成肽链的延伸方向是：A. 从C端到N端B. 从N端到C端C. 定点双向进行D. 从C端、N端同时进行32、下面关于DNA重组基本操作方法的叙述哪一个是不正确的？A. 选择合适的限制性内切酶，在特定的位点切开DNA 分子B. 选择可以自我复制的小分子DNA作为载体C. 基因克隆就是分子杂交D. 制备所需要的DNA片段，用DNA连接酶使其和载体DNA 连接成重组DNA分子33、双缩脲反应主要用来测定：A. DNAB. RNAC. 糖D. 肽34、判断一个分离纯化酶的工作的重要指标是：A. 酶的比活力B. 活性回收率C. 可重复性D. 综合以上三点35、下列化合物中，除了哪一种以外都含有高能磷酸键？A. NAD+B.ADPC. FMND. 乙酰CoA36、磷酸化酶通过接受或脱去磷酸基而调节活性，因此它属于A. 别（变）构调节酶B. 共价调节酶C. 诱导酶D. 同工酶37、磷酸吡哆醛不参与下面哪个反应？A. 脱羧反应B. 消旋反应C. 转氨反应D. 羧化反应38、下列有关肽链合成启动的论述哪个是正确的？A. 50S亚基与30S亚基结合B. 启动阶段不需GTP提供能量C. 同时需要ATP和GTP提供能量D. 30S亚基与mRNA结合39、下列哪一种维生素能被氨基喋呤和氨甲喋呤所拮抗？A.维生素B6B.核黄素C.叶酸D.泛酸40、双链DNA的解链温度的增加，提示其中含量高的是（）A.A和GB.C和TC.A和TD.C和G二、是非判断题（正确打“√”，错误打“×”，1×34=34分）1、一来般说，蛋白质颗粒所带净电荷愈多，颗粒愈小，且是球形，则泳动速度愈快，反之愈慢。
中科院2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题《生物化学与分子生物学
中科院2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题《生物化学与分子生物学一.是非题，每题1分，共20分。
答“是”写“+”，答案“非”写“一”。
1.肌红蛋白和血红蛋白的亚基在一级结构上有明显的同源性，它们的概念和功能也非常相似。
因此，这两种蛋白质的氧结合曲线也非常相似。
2、抗体酶是只有催化作用的抗体。
3.除了仅含有RNA或DNA的病毒外，还有同时含有RNA和DNA的病毒。
4.二硫键可被氧化剂或还原剂破坏。
5、根据米氏方程，转换数kcat值与越大的酶反应速率越大。
6.M是一个常数，KM是一个独立于酶浓度的特征常数，但表观KM受酶浓度的影响。
7.对于正协同变构酶，随着正调节物浓度的增加，协同作用降低。
8、到目前为止发现的所有具有七次跨膜结构特征的受体都是g蛋白偶联受体。
9、线粒体atp合成酶与叶绿体atp合成酶的结构与功能是十分相似的。
10、辅酶q是细胞色素b的辅酶。
11、缬氨酸素是呼吸链复合物ⅲ的抑制剂。
12、磷脂水溶液经超声波处理后可以生成脂质体。
13、端粒酶是一种转录酶。
14.基因表达的最终产物是蛋白质。
15、dna复制时，前导链上的合成方向是5’→3’，后随链上的合成方向是3’→5’。
16、dna复合酶和rna聚合酶的催化作用都需要引物。
17.一些真核启动子没有塔塔框架，这将使转录有不同的起点。
18、细胞内的dna分子两条链，在特定的区域内，只有一条链被转录，对应的链只能进行复制，而无转录功能。
19.感染大肠杆菌的病毒具有双链核酸（DNA或RNA）。
20、细菌处于贫瘠的生长条件下，与其他rna相比，mrna合成下降最为明显。
二、选择题：25题，共25分。
1、蛋白质的别构效应a、它总是与蛋白质的四级结构密切相关。
B.它与蛋白质的四级结构无关。
C.它有时与蛋白质的四级结构有关，有时与之无关2、蛋白质磷酸化是需要a．蛋白质水解酶b．蛋白质激酶c．磷酸化酶3.蛋白质是一种两性介质。
当蛋白质处于等电点时，其A.溶解度最大，B.溶解度最小，C.与溶解度无关4、青霉素是一种a．酸b．碱c．糖d．肽5.配体的生物特异性蛋白质分离方法是a.凝胶过滤B.离子交换色谱C.亲和色谱。
中国农业大学博士入学考试动物生物化学试题
2007年一．名词解释（15×2’）：核小体α-螺旋chargraff’s规则顺反子糖酵解二．问答题（70’）一共10道题，分值不同1．蛋白质的结构层次分为那些？他们间的关系是什么？2．DNA双螺旋结构的结构特征。
3．说明16C脂肪酸完全氧化的全过程，及能量的耗费和释放。
4．比较体内DNA复制与体外PCR间的异同点。
5．试述你对RNAi的认识。
6．试述谷氨酸在氨基酸的代谢中的作用。
7．叙述甘油经过异生生成糖的过程。
8．机体饥饿状态下体内营养物质代谢的变化。
2003年一、名词解释（12分共6个每题2分）β-氧化氧化磷酸化鸟氨酸循环糖有氧氧化半保留复制核糖体二、填空（共32分1空1分）三、问答题（共56分7道题每题8分）1．苯丙氨酸的代谢途径。
2．三大营养物质的相互转化。
3．机体清除强酸的途径。
4．写出糖代谢为脂肪合成提供的所有原料。
5．试述tRNA的结构特点及其在蛋白质合成中的作用。
6．DNA聚合酶和RNA聚合酶的相同点和不同点。
2002年a)名词解释1．半抗原2．中心法则3．抗原决定族4．脂肪酸氧化b)填空1．氨基酸脱氨产物——、——、——、——、——2．抗体的种类——及进化序列——3．葡萄糖代谢的关键物质——、——、——4．密码子序列从——到——、启始密码子——其代表——5．mRNA前体——6．酮体在——生成，在——利用c)简答题1．在饥饿状态下三大营养物质代谢2．单克隆抗体和多克隆抗的区别多抗和单抗特性比较：1.均一性。
一种单抗中，每个抗体的化学结构和氨基酸顺序都相同，只有一种Ig亚类。
即单抗是一种纯度很高的均一抗体。
而从不同动物，不同时期所得到的多抗，各有不同的化学组成。
多抗是多种种类和亚类Ig的混合物。
2.稳定性。
单抗的稳定较差，对PH变化敏感，对热不稳定，提纯过程中易变性，而多抗的稳定性则较好。
3.特异性。
单抗是单一地针对抗原的某一决定簇，所以用它进行血清学反应时，特异性强，敏感性高，一般不发生交叉反应。
新版四川农业大学生物化学与分子生物学考研经验考研参考书考研真题
在我决定考研的那一刻正面临着我人生中的灰暗时期，那时发生的事对当时的我来讲是一个重大的打击，我甚至一再怀疑自己可不可以继续走下去，而就是那个时候我决定考研，让自己进入一个新的阶段，新的人生方向。
那个时刻，很大意义上是想要转移自己的注意力，不再让自己纠结于一件耗费心力和情绪的事情。
而如今，已相隔一年的时间，虽然这一年相当漫长，但在整个人生道路上不过是短短的一个线段。
就在短短的一年中我发现一切都在不知不觉中发生了变化。
曾经让自己大为恼火，让自己费尽心力和心绪的事情现如今不过是弹指的一抹灰尘。
而之所以会有这样的心境变化，我认为，是因为，在备考的这段时间内，我的全身心进入了一个全然自我，不被外界所干扰的心境，日复一日年复一年的做着同样枯燥、琐碎、乏味的事情。
这不正是一种修行吗，若说在初期，只是把自己当作机器一样用以逃避现实生活的灾难的话，但在后期就是真的在这过程中慢慢发生了变化，不知不觉中进入到了忘记自身的状态里。
所以我就终于明白，佛家坐定，参禅为什么会叫作修行了。
本来无一物，何处惹尘埃。
所以经过这一年我不仅在心智上更加成熟，而且也成功上岸。
正如我预期的那样，我开始进入一个新的阶段，有了新的人生方向。
在此，只是想要把我这一年备考过程中的积累的种种干货和经验记录下来，也希望各位看到后能够有所帮助，只不过考研毕竟是大工程，所以本篇内容会比较长，希望大家可以耐心看完，文章结尾会附上我的学习资料供大家下载。
四川农业大学生物化学与分子生物学的初试科目为:(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一(653)普通生物学(854)生物化学基础参考书目为：1.《陈增阅普通生物学》(第三版) 吴相钰高等教育出版社2.《生物化学》王镜岩、朱圣庚、许长法高等教育出版社先说一下我的英语单词复习策略1、单词背单词很重要，一定要背单词，而且要反复背！！！你只要每天背1-2个小时，不要去纠结记住记不住的问题，你要做的就是不断的背，时间久了自然就记住了。
名校博士生入学考试-生物化学试题汇总1
名校博士生入学考试-生物化学试题汇总12004年中山大学医学院博士生入学考试－生物化学一、名词解释1、端粒酶2、嘌呤核苷酸循环3、断裂基因4、模序5、抑癌基因6、RT-PCR7、密码子摆动性8、核心酶9、解偶联机制10、顺式作用元件二、简答题1、血红蛋白氧离曲线为何呈S形？2、DNA双螺旋结构的特点？3、酶促反应的机制4、维生素B12为何能导致巨幼红细胞性贫血？5、IP3、DAG是什么？其在信号传导中的作用是什么？三、问答题1、试述蛋白质一级结构和空间结构与蛋白质功能的关系。
2、试述人类基因组计划的内容、意义，以及后基因组计划的研究方向。
3、以操纵子理论说明：细菌如何利用乳糖作为碳源？当葡萄糖与乳糖共存时，如何调节？4、1分子葡萄糖子体内完全氧化生成38个ATP：（1）各个途径以及其中的能量生成？（2）NADH进入线粒体的途径？（3）NADH的呼吸链组成？5、试述血浆脂蛋白分类及作用，载脂蛋白的含义，作用。
LDL升高、HDL降低为何导致动脉粥样硬化？2003年中山大学医学院博士生入学考试－生物化学一、选择题1、限制性内切酶识别的序列是A、粘性末端B、回文结构C、TATAATD、聚腺苷酸E、AATAA2、由氨基酸生成糖的过程称为A、糖酵解B、糖原分解作用C、糖异生作用D、糖原合成作用3、四氢叶酸不是下列哪种基团或化合物的载体？A、-CHOB、CO2C、-CH=D、-CH3E、-CH=NH ;4、细胞色素aa3的重要特点是A、可使电子直接传递给氧分子的细胞色素氧化酶B、以铁卟啉为辅基的递氢体C、是递电子的不需氧脱氢酶D、是分子中含铜的递氢体E、含有核黄素5、转氨酶的辅酶含有哪种维生素？A、Vit B1B、Vit B2C、Vit PPD、Vit B6E、Vit B126、下列哪种成分的含量高，则双螺旋DNA的溶解温度也增高？A、G+GB、C+TC、A+TD、A+GE、A+C7、胆红素在肝脏中的转变主要是A、转变成胆绿素B、受加单氧化酶体系氧化C、与葡萄糖醛酸结合D、与清蛋白结合E、直接排除8、密度最低的血浆脂蛋白是A、VLDLB、C、MDLD、HDLE、CM9、操纵子的基因表达调控系统属于A、复制水平调节B、转录水平调节C、翻译水平调节D、逆转录水平调节E、翻译后水平调节10、关于DNA复制，下列哪项叙述是错误的？A、原料是4种dNTPB、链的合成方向是C、以DNA链为模板D、复制的DNA与亲代的DNA完全相同E、复制的DNA需要剪切加工二、名词解释1、酮体2、基因3、肽链4、锌指5、核酶6、糖异生7、胆色素8、复制叉9、Km 10、一碳单位三、简答题1、什么是反式作用因子？2、简述脂蛋白的种类。
四川农业大学博士入学考试真题
Part I Reading Comprehension (45 points)Questions 1--5 are based on the following passage:Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker "sell" his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest.A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are "regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest."To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues(暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.1. This passage is mainly concerned with _______.a. the importance of eye contactb. the potency of nonverbal techniquesc. successful speech deliveryd. an effective way to gain visual feedbacks2. According to the passage, a good speaker must _____.a. "sealo" his or her ideas to an audienceb. maintain direct eye contact with listenersc. be very persuasive and believabled. be exceptionally well-disposed3. The word "target" in the last sentence of the first paragraph can best be replaced by________.a. "destination"b. "goal"c. "audience"d. "followers"4. In daily life, when the glances of two passers-by happen to meet, these two persons willinevitably ____.a. smile to each otherb. feel awkward and look away immediatelyc. try to make a conversation with each otherd. none of the above5. Eye contact with an audience, according to the author, has all the following benefits forthe speaker EXCEP that it doesn't ________.a. help the speaker to control the audienceb. help the speaker to gain audience interest and esteemc. help the speaker to know whether he is talking too much about a certain pointd. help the speaker to analyze his audience when he is beginning his speech Questions 6--10 are based on the following passage:After the very active and successful tenure(任职) of office by the Senegalese President as the head of the Organization of African Unity, it was highly logical to think that the successor, whoever he might be, would have a difficult task in doing a better job.The Congolese president set to work as soon as he was elected. His first step was to suggest to the dean of heads of State present in the Ethiopian capital, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, to summon a meeting of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa. Its aim: to define a strategy in order to overcome the reprisals(报复行为) that the racist regime of Pretoria is likely to take against its neighbors in case sanctions(制裁) are imposed by the international community.President Sassou Ngueso has already undertaken a number of trips abroad. He thus went to Harare (Zimbabwe) where he delivered a speech, on September 1, on behalf of Africa before the summit meeting of non-aligned(不结盟的)nations.At the end of September, he was in New York, for a statement before the General Assembly of the United Nations, and then in Washington, for talks with high-ranking members of the Reagan Administration. He then went to Ottawa, for consultations with leading members of the Canadian government.The Congolese president's aim, in all these endeavors, is to convince still reluctant countries of the imperious necessity of imposing sanctions against the racist regime of Pretoria.6. In the first paragraph, the word "successor" refers to ________.a. a person who enjoyed a successful career in politicsb. a person who was very popular in the political arenac. the person who was to lead the organizationd. the former head of the organization7. According to the passage, Denis Sassou Nguesso ______.a. is Congoleseb. knew that it was very difficult for him to be electedc. was elected without any oppositiond. has held a meeting in the Ethipion capital8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?a. President Sassou Nguess has decided to visit as many African countries as possible.b. President Sassou Nguesso made a suggestion to President Kenneth Kaunda that ameeting be held of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa.c. President Sassou Nguesso went to Harare and delivered a speech there.d. If sanctions are imposed against South Africa by the international community, theracist regime of Pretoria will probably take revenge on its neighbors.9. We may draw the conclusion that President Sassou Nguesso has been working reallyhard to ________.a. prove himself a trustworthy presidentb. convince some reluctant countries that it is highly necessary to impose sanctionsagainst the racist regime of Pretoria.c. show to the whole world the strength and power of the Organization of AfricanUnityd. seek financial support from some advanced countries to promote African economy.10. This piece is most probably taken from _____.a. a newspaper reportb. a biographyc. a history bookd. a Who's WhoQuestions 11--15 are based on the following passage:Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sculpture or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working).This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out-power off-refrigerator not working─temperature will rise─milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car fromstarting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself,as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors─pedestrians or other cars in the intersection ─must also be present.In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.11. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _______.a. relationships between causes and resultsb. classification of reasoningc. some other common types of reasoningd. some special type of reasoning12. According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reason _______.a. from cause to effectb. from effect to causec. from effect to effect and on the caused. from effect to cause and on to another effect13. A necessary cause is ______.a. one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurb. one of the causes that can produce the effectc. one that is enough to make the effect occurd. none of them14. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has beencut off. The power failure is a ________.a. necessary causeb. sufficient causec. contributory caused. none of them15. This passage mainly discusses ______.a. causal reasoningb. various types of reasoningc. classification of causesd. the causal processQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:I hear many parents complaining that their teen-age children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teen-agers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another's hands for reassurance.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way isthat the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon(蚕茧) ─into a larger cocoon.It has become harder and harder for a teen-ager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teen-age market. These days every teen-ager can learn from the advertisements what a teen-ager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teen-ager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come─with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.16. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell _______.a. readers how to be popular with people aroundb. teen-agers how to learn to decide things for themselvesc. parents how to control and guide their childrend. people how to understand and respect each other17. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on theirown, but, in fact, most of them ______.a. have much difficulty understanding each otherb. lack confidencec. dare not cope with problems single-handedd. are very much afraid of getting lost18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. There is no popularity that really counts.b. What many parents are dong is in fact hindering their children from finding theirown paths.c. It is not necessarily bad for a teen-ager to disagree with his or her classmates.d. Most teen-agers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actuallydoing he same.19. The author thinks of advertisements as _______.a. convincingb. influentialc. instructived. authoritative20. During the teen-age years, one should learn to _____.a. differ from others in as many ways as possibleb. get into the right season and become popularc. find one's real selfd. rebel against parents and the popularity waveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates(变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent(犯法的) and sexually precocious(早熟).Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises(大楼及附属建筑物). This rule has been introduced at Summer hill School where I spent my rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal(肉体的) punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.21. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ______.a. the effect of smoking among childrenb. the difficulty in preventing children from smokingc. the reasons why children start smoking among childrend. the measures to ban smoking among children22. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?a. Disobedienceb. Lazinessc. Lack of intelligenced. Vanity23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. Some children start to smoke out of curiosityb. Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.c. In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workersshould not smoke.d. It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adultsfrom smoking.24. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking ______.a. should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studied.b. should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.c. should be introduced though it may not work effectively.d. needn't be introduced as long as teachers don't smoke in front of children.25. The author's attitude towards his writing is ______.a. objectiveb. emotionalc. criticald. indifferentQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage:When astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time, on July 20,1969, it represented one of the most inspiring achievements in man's history to millions of people throughout the world. But to a small organization called the International Flat Earth Research Society, it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage managed science-fiction trickery.And Armstrong's historic words when stepping down from the Eagle module(宇宙飞船船舱) onto the dusty lunar surface about 240,000 miles from earth─"one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" ─was a phrase that could have come only from the pen of a scriptwriter.As for the pictures reputedly(一般被认为地) taken in space showing the earth to be a rotating sphere, well, they were just too ludicrous (可笑的) for words. The sun, say the Flat Earthier, circuits the earth instead of the earth revolving around the sun─a notion that most people take for granted.The society, whose membership is currently estimated to be about 1,400, dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense and is convinced that the entire human race is being subjected to the greatest hoax(骗局) in history.From its headquarters in Lancaster, California, the society wages a war of words through newsletters and pamphlets against the evils of science.The society was founded about 1800 in Great Britain and the United States and, says its American president Charles Johnson, was descended from the Zetetic society, which took its name from an ancient Greek philosophical school of skeptics. It survived under this name until 1956, when its general secretary, Samuel Shelton, of Kent, England, changed the name to the present title.The society's belief is this: that the earth is flat, with the land masses grouped around the central point of the North Pole.The Antarctic region is not the compact island mass it is commonly believed to be but an impenetrable ice-cold girdle(环形物) around the earth. The Flat Earthier argue that transantarctic expeditions have never happened. Explorers, misled by instrument faults, merely traveled an icy arc within the girdle.26. To the International Flat Earth Research Society, man's first landing on the moon was_______.a. one of the most inspiring events in man's historyb. only a well-conducted experimentc. just a smartly-performed trickd. a science-fiction piece produced by a certain scriptwriter27. Which of the following is NOT true about the society?a. It now has about 1,400 members.b. Its headquarters are in both Great Britain and the United States.c. After its foundation in 1800, it was called the Zetetic Society.d. In 1956, Samuel Shelton changed its name to the present title.28. According to the society's belief, ________.a. the earth is flat and the Arctic is an impenetrable ice-cold girdle around the earthb. the Antarctic region is a compact island massc. some explorers had made successful transantarctic expeditionsd. much of the accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth is sheernonsense29. Which of the following is an appropriate title for the Passage?a. The International Flat Earth Research societyb. Man's First Landing on the Moonc. The Zetetic Societyd. The Evils of Science30. This piece is written ______.a. in a matter-of-fact wayb. in a sarcastic tonec. with a touch of ironyd. as a jokePart II Translate the following into Chine( 10 points)I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction (收缩) of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing(排队) up at a supermarket. And the proprietor(店主)knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 15 points)31. Mr. White was told again and again to ______ smoking but he just wouldn't listen.a. cut throughb. cut offc. cut downd. cut away32. The Greyhound ______ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started forWashington D.C. at 6:20p.m..a. pulled upb. pulled downc. pulled outd. pulled on33. Can you give me another hint without _______ the answer?a. giving offb. giving awayc. giving upd. giving in34. Columbus was ___ his times in his belief that the Earth was round.a. in front ofb. in advance ofc. befored. ahead of35. Nowadays a large number of people buy ___ Christmas trees instead of real ones.a. falseb. fakec. shamd. artificial36. Though he is only 7years old, he has a ______ imagination.a. faithfulb. fertilec. frankd. furious37. The doctor _____ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if Ifollowed his advice.a. assuredb. confirmedc. ensuredd. confessed38. It is not considered _____ to litter in public.a. respectfulb. respectivec. respectedd. respectable39. The industrial community should be close enough to the crowded centers but distantenough to reduce _______ hazards(危险).a. feasibleb. positivec. potentiald. substantial40. We ____ so as not to wake the child.a. whisperedb. moanedc. gruntedd. muttered41. Electric eels use charges to ______ prey and also stun them before they eat them.a. examineb. detectc. determined. search42. Metal must be hammered and cooled rapidly to ______ internal stress caused byheating.a. retainb. releasec. relieved. replace43. Almost every layman I have met exhibits ______ and how they are written.a. the real curiosity about the songsb. a real curiosity about the songsc. real curiosity about the songsd. a real curiosity about songs44. Rosa is quiet and introverted(内向的), and she objects to _______ her living room withdozens of people in the apartment.a. shareb. sharingc. having sharedd. have shared45. We haven't seen our neighbor for over a week. They ______ on a trip abroad.a. could gob. must goc. may have goned. should have gone46. The Government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of thehomeless.a. whatb. allc. thatd. which47. The bartender walked out ____ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.a. from beforeb. from underc. from behindd. from across48. ______ how to operate a switchboard, I had to ask the office supervisor to show me thecorrect procedures.a. Not knownb. Not knowingc. Not to knowd. Having not known49. The pilot felt something _____ wrong with the engine just before the plane took off.a. gob. wentc. was goingd. to go50. I prefer his plan to yours, ___ it is more practical and easier to be carried out.a. for whichb. for thatc. in whichd. in that51. ______ that they're young and inexperienced, they've done quite a good job.a. Beingb. Providedc. Givend. Now52. ______ the door than somebody started knocking on it.a. I had closed no soonerb. I had no sooner closedc. No sooner have I closedd. No sooner I closed53. The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, ______ killed him two years ago.a. the effects of whichb. the effects of itc. finallyd. that54. In my opinion, he's ________ imaginative of all the contemporary poets.a. quite the mostb. very the mostc. by far the mostd. rather the most55. He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he ______ out of a painting by XuBeihong.a. comeb. has comec. is comingd. had come56. Pumas, which are large, cat-like animals, will not attack human beings if they _______undisturbed.a. leaveb. leftc. are leftd. have left57. When we sold our ranch and moved to town, mother had decided _______ opening aday nursery.a. tob. onc. ind. for58. Their dog was a substitute ______ the children they had never had.a. asb. ofc. tod. for59. Please drop in whenever you can. I'd like to keep _____ touch.a. inb. onc. tod. with60. Everybody knows that the earth is spherical, ______?a. doesn't heb. doesn't shec. don't theyd. doesn't itPart IV Cloze( 10 points)In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds __61__ on roofs and telegraph wires. These birds are swallows. They are __62__ together because, very soon, they will be flying __63__ to much warmer lands, where they will find __64__ the small flying insects on which they __65__. There are no such insects __66__ in Britain during the winter; it is __67__ cold for them.The swallows settle, fly off, swoop, and __68__ again. this they do many times, for they are making short __69__ flights in order to be fit for the long journey __70__ them.__71__ of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly __72__ for hundreds of miles __73__ they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with __74__.In the spring of the following year they __75__ the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the __76__ district which they had left the __77__ autumn. How do these birds find their__78__ there and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly __79__, but it has something to do __80__ winds and air currents.61. a. being perched b. perchedc. being perchingd. be perched62. a. gathering b. assemblingc. waitingd. forming63. a. to south b. the southc. to southwardsd. south64. a. a great number of b. a great deal ofc. plenty ofd. numerous65. a. feed b. are fedc. eatd. rely66. a. near b. about c. nearby d. over67. a. too b. a bit c. very d. much68. a. fly off b. swoop c. settle d. turn back69. a. practical b. practicingc. practiced. practiced70. a. in advance b. ahead ofc. in front ofd. in front71. a. Swarms b. Herdsc. Flocksd. Schools72. a. firmly b. stoutlyc. harshlyd. steadily73. a. until b. before c. when d. as74. a. in the way b. on the wayc. half the wayd. all the way75. a. take b. fly c. find d. make76. a. old b. originalc. familiard. identical77. a. before b. previousc. above goingd. former78. a. way b. path c. course d. route79. a. why b. when c. how d. what80. a. against b. away c. for d. withPart V Writing (20 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled THE V ALUE OF SCIENCE. You should write no less than 150 words.ANSWER SHEETRPart I 、 III 、IV1 a b c d2 a b c d3 a b c d4 a b c d5 a b c d6 a b c d7 a b c d8 a b c d 9ab c d 10 a b c d 11 a b c d 12 a b c d 13 a b c d 14 a b c d 15 a b c d 16 a b c d 17 a b c d 18 a b c d 19 a b c d 20 a b c d 21 a b c d 22 a b c d 23 a b c d 24 a b c d 25 a b c d 26 a b c d 27 a b c d 28 a b c d 29 a b c d 30 a b c d 31 a b c d 32 a b c d 33 a b c d 34 a b c d 35 a b c d 36 a b c d 37 a b c d 38 a b c d 39 a b c d 40 a b c d 41 a b c d 42 a b c d 43 a b c d 44 a b c d 45 a b c d 46 a b c d 47 a b c d 48 a b c d 49 a b c d 50 a b c d 51 a b c d 52 a b c d 53 a b c d 54 a b c d 55 a b c d 56 a b c d 57 a b c d 58 a b c d 59 a b c d 60 a b c d 61 a b c d 62 a b c d 63 a b c d 64 a b c d 65 a b c d 66 a b c d 67 a b c d 68 a b c d 69 a b c d 70 a b c d 71 a b c d 72 a b c d 73 a b c d 74 a b c d 75 a b c d 76 a b c d 77 a b c d 78 a b c d 79abcd80abcd———————— 密—————————封 ——————————线 ——————————————————————————。
四川农业大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题-生物化学
四川农业大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：280生物化学(总分：100分)适用专业：各专业考生注意：答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、单项选择题：（1×16=16分）1.协同效应的结构基础是：a.蛋白质分子的缔合b.蛋白质的别构作用c.蛋白质分子被激活d.蛋白质的变性作用2. 有一个蛋白质样品，经SDS-PAGE及不连续PAGE检查均显一条带；N端分析及C 端分析说明它只有一个端基；等电聚焦电泳中呈现一深一浅的两条带。
一般情况下，这蛋白质样品最可能是：a. 样品不纯b. 样品呈微不均一性c. 样品由几种大小不同的亚基组成3.酶反应速度对底物浓度作图，当底物浓度达一定程度时，得到的是零级反应，对此最恰当的解释是：a.形变底物与酶产生不可逆结合b.酶与未形变底物形成复合物c.酶的活性部位为底物所饱和d.过多底物与酶发生不利于催化反应的结合4.基因有两条链，与mRNA序列相同(T代替U)的链叫作：a.有义链b.反义链c.重链d.cDNA链5.端粒酶是一种：a.限制性内切酶b.反转录酶c.RNA聚合酶d.肽酰转移酶6.甾醇类激素容易通过靶细胞膜，是由于它：a.与膜受体有高度亲和力b.分子的亲水性强c.分子上有羟基结合d.自身是脂溶性的7.通常使用哪一种试剂测定多肽链的氨基末端？还有2，4-二硝基甲苯（Sanger法），二者都是氨基的烃基化反应）a. CNBrb. 苯异硫氰酸酯（Edman法）c. 6mol/LHCld. 胰蛋白酶8.在接近中性pH的条件，下列哪种基团既可为H+的受体，也可为H+的供体？a. His-咪唑基b. Lys- -氨基c. Arg-胍基d. Cys-巯基9.一个速度对底物浓度作图有S型曲线的酶：a.肯定是别构酶b.不是别构酶c.不一定是别构酶10.寡聚脱氧胸苷酸(oligo dT)纤维素柱层析分离mRNA是属于：a.分配层析b.离子交换层析c.亲和层析d.高压液相层析11.以下哪一个是正确的a. 线粒体内膜对H+离子没有通透性b. 线粒体内膜能通透H+离子由内向外c. 线粒体内膜能通透H+离子由外向内d. 线粒体内膜能自由通透H+离子12.目前已经知道某种金属离子在细胞信号传导行使细胞功能时起十分重要作用，它是：a. Na+b. K+c.Ca2+d.Mg2+13.腺苷酸环化酶存在于：a.内质网膜b.细胞核c.质膜d. 质膜或胞浆14.非竞争性抑制剂使：a.Vmax不变，Km变大b. Vmax变小，Km不变c. Vmax变小，Km变小15.米氏常数(Km)不受酶浓度影响a.随酶浓度增大而增大b.随酶浓度增大而减/c.随底物浓度增大而减，」、d.是酶的特性性常数16．人免疫缺损病毒(HIV)引起艾滋病，这种病毒是一种a. DNA病毒b.RNA病毒二、解释下列名词（任选作6题，多选不计分；6×6=36分）1、亲和层析2、Tm3、蛋白质结构域4、蛋白质组学5、别构酶6、GTP-binding protein7、peptide plane 8、isoenzyme9、Human Genome Project 10、antibody三、问答题（任选作4题，多选不计分；12×4=48分）1、谈谈你对遗传密码的认识和中心法则的主要内容。
2000年生化801真题
2000 年硕士学位研究生生物化学入学考试试题一、选择题（每小题1分，共计20分，凡对者在小标题上划圈）1、某肽的氨基酸排列顺序为：Phe-Leu-Ala-Val-Phe-Leu-Lys，可以认为该肽（）A. 是一个多肽分子B. 可被胰蛋白酶水解C. 是一个碱性多肽D. pI﹥82、下列哪些氨基酸所对应的α-酮酸为三羧酸循环的中间物（）A. AlaB. AspC. ValD. Glu3、下列哪种氨基酸的印三酮反应不呈紫色，而呈黄色（）A. AlaB. AspC. LeuD. ProE. Glu4、阻止脂肪氧化酸败的维生素是（）A. Vit. AB. Vit. CC. Vit. B1D. Vit. E5、酶原所以没有活性是因为（）A. 酶蛋白肽链合成不完全B. 酶原是普通蛋白质C. 酶原缺乏辅酶或辅基D. 酶原缺乏激活剂E. 活性中心未形成6、RNA 的二级结构的最主要的特征是（）A. 左手双螺旋B. 右手双螺旋C. 局部双螺旋D. 没有双螺旋E. 以上都不是7、糖元中的一个葡萄糖残基经糖酵解转变成二分子乳酸可产生（）A. 1分子ATPB. 2分子ATPC. 3分子ATPD. 4分子ATPE. 2分子ATP+2NADH28、催化单一底物反应的酶的米氏常数Km 是（）A. 底物与酶之间反应的平衡常数B. 酶活的指数C. 只有纯酶才能测得KmD. 达到最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度9、下列蛋白质中具有四级结构的是（）A. 乳酸脱氢酶B. 血红蛋白C. 肌红蛋白D. 溶菌酶10、下列说法中哪些适用于脂肪酸的β-氧化作用（）A. 游离脂肪酸必须经辅酶A 酯化B. 该过程包括NADH 还原C. β-氧化在线粒体中进行D. 持续β-氧化取决于ATP 的持续供应11、下列脂肪酸中哪些是人类膳食中的必需脂肪酸（）A. 油酸B. 亚油酸C. 亚麻酸D. 棕榈油酸12、阻遏蛋白能识别操纵子中的（）A. 启动基因B. 结构基因C. 调节基因D. 操纵基因13、下列哪一种维生素是甲基和甲酰基的载体？（）A. CoAB. 核黄素C. 叶酸D. 维生素CE. 硫胺素14、一种酶的竞争性抑制剂将有下列哪一种动力学效应？（）A. 增加Km，Vm 不变B. Km 减小，Vm 不变C. Km 不变，增加VmD. Km 不变，减小VmE. Km，Vm 都减小15、下列哪一种辅酶不是来自于维生素？（）A. CoA-SHB. FAD+C. NAD+D. 磷酸吡哆醛E. CoQF. TTP16、下列化合物中哪些含有糖基？（）A. ATPB. NADC. RNAD. 乙酰CoA17、下列哪种糖无还原性？（）A. 麦芽糖B. 蔗糖C. 阿拉伯糖D. 木糖E. 果糖18、蛋白质变性是由于（）A. 氢键破坏B. 肽键断裂C. 亚基解聚D. 破坏水化层和中间电荷19、下列哪种氨基酸与尿素循环无关？（）A. 赖氨酸B. 天冬氨酸C. 鸟氨酸D. 瓜氨酸E. 精氨酸20、在长链脂肪酸代谢中，脂肪酸β-循环的继续与下列哪个酶无关？（）A. 脂酰CoA 脱氢酶B. β-羟脂酰CoA 脱氢酶C. 烯脂酰CoA 水化酶D. β-酮硫解酶E. 硫激酶二、判断并改错（每小题2分，共计20分）1、在动物体内蛋白质可转化成脂肪，但不能转变成糖。
川农生化考研真题
四川农业大学2001年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：植物生理生化(总分：100分)适用专业：农学类各专业植物生物化学部分（50分）考生注意：答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、单项选择题（1×10=10分）1、在脂肪酸的合成中，每次碳链的延长都需要什么直接参加？[ ]A、乙酰CoAB、草酰乙酸C、丙二酸单酰CoAD、甲硫氨酸2、米氏常数Km是一个用来度量[ ]A、酶和底物亲和力大小的常数B、酶促反应速度大小的常数C酶被底物饱和程度的常数D、酶的稳定性的常数3、水溶性维生素常是辅酶或辅基的组成部分，如：[ ]A、辅酶A含尼克酰胺B、FAD含有吡哆醛C、NAD含有尼克酰胺D、脱羧辅酶含生物素4、磷酸化酶通过接受或脱去磷酸基而调节活性，因此它属于：[ ]A、别（变）构调节酶B、共价调节酶C、诱导酶D、同工酶5、下列关于DNA分子中的碱基组成的定量关系哪个不正确的？[ ]A、C+A=G+TB、C=GC、A=TD、C+G=A+T6、能与密码子ACU相识别的反密码子是[ ]A、UGAB、GGAD、AGUE、GGU7、蛋白质变性是由于[ ]A、一级结构改变B、空间构象破坏C、辅基脱落D、蛋白质水解8、不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳比一般电泳的分辨率高，是因为具有下列哪种效应？[ ]A、浓缩效应B、电荷效应C、分子筛效应D、粘度效应9、tRNA的作用是 [ ]A、把一个氨基酸连到另一个氨基酸上B、将mRNA连到rRNA上C、增加氨基酸的有效浓度D、把氨基酸带到mRNA的特定位置上。
10、下面关于Watson-Crick DNA双螺旋结构模型的叙述中哪一项是正确的？[ ]A、两条单链的走向是反平行的B、碱基A和G配对C、碱基之间共价结合D、磷酸戊糖主链位于双螺旋内侧二、是非题（1 ╳6=6分）1、无论DNA或RNA，分子中的G和C的含量愈高，其熔点（Tm）值愈大。
2、蛋白质在小于其等电点的pH溶液中，向阳极移动，而在大于其等电点的pH 溶液中，将向阴极移动。
四川农业大学研究生考试 生化试卷以及答案
四川农业大学——研究生考试- 生化试卷以及答案．《基础生物化学》试题一一、判断题（正确的画“√”，错的画“×”，填入答题框。
每题1分，共20分）1、DNA是遗传物质，而RNA则不是。
2、天然氨基酸都有一个不对称α-碳原子。
3、蛋白质降解的泛肽途径是一个耗能的过程，而蛋白酶对蛋白质的水解不需要ATP。
(错)4、酶的最适温度是酶的一个特征性常数。
(Km是酶的特征性常数) （对）5、糖异生途径是由相同的一批酶催化的糖酵解途径的逆转。
6、哺乳动物无氧下不能存活，因为葡萄糖酵解不能合成ATP。
7、DNA聚合酶和RNA聚合酶的催化反应都需要引物。
8、变性后的蛋白质其分子量也发生改变。
9、tRNA的二级结构是倒L型。
10、端粒酶是一种反转录酶。
11、原核细胞新生肽链N端第一个残基为fMet，真核细胞新生肽链N端为Met。
系（教研室）主任签字：任课教师：12、DNA复制与转录的共同点在于都是以双链DNA为模板，以半保留方式进行，最后形成链状产物。
13、对于可逆反应而言，酶既可以改变正反应速度，也可以改变逆反应速度。
14、对于任一双链DNA分子来说，分子中的G和C的含量愈高，其熔点（Tm）值愈大。
15、DNA损伤重组修复可将损伤部位彻底修复。
16、蛋白质在小于等电点的pH溶液中，向阳极移动，而在大于等电点的pH溶液中将向阴极移动。
17、酮体是在肝内合成，肝外利用。
18、镰刀型红细胞贫血病是一种先天性遗传病，其病因是由于血红蛋白的代谢发生障碍。
（对）19、基因表达的最终产物都是蛋白质。
+作为还原NADPH+H20、脂肪酸的从头合成需要反应的供氢体。
每（请将正确答案填在答题框内。
二、单项选择题分）分，共30题1+）、NAD在酶促反应中转移（ 1、氢原子、羧基、氧原子 C D B、氨基A。
）、参与转录的酶是（2系（教研室）主任签字：任课教师：聚的DNA聚B、依赖DNA A、依赖DNA的RNA合酶合酶聚RNAD、依赖RNA的C、依赖RNA的DNA聚合酶合酶。
中国农业大学博士入学考试动物生物化学试题
中国农业大学博士入学考试动物生物化学试题中国农业大学1995年博士研究生入学考试试题,生物化学, 1、下列三种符号各代表那种氨基酸:Leu、Ile、Val，阐明其代谢特点。
Leu是亮氨酸、Ile是异亮氨酸、Val是缬氨酸。
是支链氨基酸，为必需氨基酸。
这三种氨基酸分解代谢的开始阶段基本相同，即首先经转氛基作用，生成各自相应的α-酮酸，其后分别进行代谢，经过若干步骤，缬氨酸分解产生琥珀酸单酰辅酶A;亮氮酸产生乙酰辅酶A及乙酰乙酰辅酶A;异亮氨酸产生乙酰辅酶A及琥珀酸单酰辅酶A。
所以，这三种氨基酸分别是生糖氨基酸、生酮氨基酸及生糖兼生酮氨基酸。
支链氨基酸的分解代谢主要在骨骼肌中进行。
2、肝脏在动物代谢中的作用。
?肝在糖代谢中的作用:肝的糖代谢不仅为自身的生理活动提供能量，还为其他器官的能量需要提供葡萄糖。
?带葡萄糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶活性较高，是糖酵解的主要区域;I带磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶、果糖1,6-二磷酸酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的活性较高，是糖异生的主要区域。
肝通过糖原的合成与分解、糖的异生作用来维持血糖浓度的稳定，保障全身各组织，尤其是大脑和红细胞的能量供应。
在饱食时，除少量葡萄糖氧化分解外，大多数被合成为糖原贮存起来。
空腹时，糖原分解释放出葡萄糖进入血液，供中枢神经系统和红细胞等利用。
饥饿状态下，糖异生作用加强，这是肝供应血糖的主要途径。
?肝在脂类代谢中的作用:?肝在脂类的消化、吸收、合成、分解与运输过程中均具有重要作用。
肝可利用胆固醇转化为胆汁酸，然后分泌进入肠道而促进脂肪。
?内质网中的酯化作用和线粒体内的氧化作用。
肝合成甘油三酯、磷脂和胆固醇，并以VLDL的形式分泌入血，供其他组织器官摄取与利用。
在肝中线粒体、脂酸主要进行β-氧化产生的乙酰CoA而合成酮体，然后进入血液中供其他组织利用。
?肝在蛋白质代谢中的作用:?除γ-球蛋白外，几乎所有的血浆蛋白质由肝合成，如清(白)蛋白、凝血酶原、纤维蛋白原以及多种载脂蛋白和血浆部分球蛋白。
川农研究生高级生化考试复习题
1. 简述信号肽的特点和转运机制。
信号肽具有两个特点：1）位于分泌蛋白前体的N-端2）引导分泌蛋白进入膜以后，信号肽将被内质网腔内的信号肽酶切除信号肽的转运机制：信号肽运作的机制相当复杂，有关组分包括信号肽识别颗粒（SRP）及其受体、信号序列受体（SSR）、核糖体受体和信号肽酶复合物。
信号肽发挥作用时，首先是尚在延伸的、仍与核糖体结合的新生肽链中的信号肽与SRP结合，然后通过三重结合（即信号肽与SSR的结合、SRP及其受体结合、核糖体及其受体的结合）。
当信号肽将新生肽链引导进入内质网腔内后，在信号肽酶复合物的作用下，已完成使命的信号肽被切除。
2. 同工酶产生的原因是什么？研究同工酶有何意义？为什么可以用电泳的方法分离鉴定同工酶？初级同工酶产生的原因是由于酶蛋白的编码基因不同，次级同工酶产生的原因是虽然编码基因相同，但基因转录产物mRNA或翻译产物加工过程不同。
1）在遗传学和分类学上，同工酶提供了一种精良的判别遗传标志的工具；2）在发育学上，同工酶有效的标志细胞类型及细胞在不同条件下的分化情况，以及个体发育和系统发育的关系。
3）在生物化学和生理学上，根据不同器官组织中同工酶的动力学、底物专一性、辅助因子专一性、酶的变构性等性质的差异，从而解释它们代谢功能的差异。
4）在医学和临床诊断上，体内同工酶的变化，可看作机体组织损伤、或遗传缺陷，或肿瘤分化的分子标记。
因为同工酶的功能虽然相同，但是其分子量和其所带电荷数有差异，故可以用电泳的分析方法鉴定。
3. 生物膜主要有哪些生物学功能？任举一例说明膜结构与功能的密切关系。
生物膜的生物学功能可以概括如下：1）区域化或房室化2）物质的跨膜运输3）能量转换（氧化磷酸化）4）细胞识别4. 研究蛋白质一级结构有哪些意义？蛋白质的一级结构即多肽链中氨基酸残基的排列顺序（N端—C端）是由基因编码的，是蛋白质高级结构的基础，因此一级结构的测定成为十分重要的基础研究。
一级结构的特定的氨基酸序列决定了肽链的折叠模式，从而决定其高级结构，从而决定其功能。
四川农业大学硕士研究生课程考试试题
四川农业大学硕士研究生课程考试试题四川农业大学硕士研究生课程考试试题课程名称：高级生物化学（总分100） 业 主考教师：杨婉身陈惠 考生姓名:专业考生注竜：第一、二题答案填写在答题卡内，其余答案写在答题纸上单选题（，每题分，共20分，在答题卡上将选择的答案用铅笔 涂黑）1. 下列各三肽混合物，用阳离子交换树脂，pH 梯度洗脱，哪一个最先被洗下来？A.Met-Asp-Gln ；B. Glu-Asp-Val ；C. Glu- Vai - Asp ；D. Met-Glu-Asp2. 有一个环肽的组成是Ala, Asp, Gly, Leu2, Vai, Met,下列方法中你首 先选用什么方法作为你测定这一个肽的序列的第一步？A.胰蛋白酶水解 B .竣肽酶水解C.漠化氤裂解D.氨肽酶水解3. 下面关于生物大分子沉降系数的叙述哪一个是错误的？A. 其大小与分子量有关 C.与其光吸收值的大小有关4 .下列关于CAMP 的论述哪一个是错误的？A.是由腺昔酸环化酶催化ATP 产生的 ATP 产生的C.可被磷酸二酯酶水解为5 -AMP 5. 下列关于某一酶的几个同工酶的叙述哪一项是正确的？A.由不同的多聚复合体组成适用专业年级：2006级各专考试时间：2007.1.4B.其大小与分子形状有关 D.与其扩散系数有关B.是由鸟苛酸环化酶催化 D.是细胞第二信息物质 B.对同一底物具有不同的专一性C.对同一底物具有相同的Km值6.SDS-PAGE把混合的蛋白质分开，A.蛋白质分子带电性的不同C.分子极性的不同D.电泳迁移率往往相同是根据各种蛋白质的什么性质?B.分子大小不同D.溶解度的不同7.下列常见抑制剂中，除哪个外都是不可逆抑制剂：A・有机磷化合物 B.有机汞化合物C・氤化物 D.磺胺类药物8.当要把Cys、Ser. Gly和His四种氨基酸吸附于阳离子交换树脂柱上时, 应调到什么pH值？A. pH 4.0 B・ pH 6.0C. pH 8.0D. pH 10.09.在下列检测蛋白质的方法中，哪一种取决于完整的肽链？A.凯氏定氮法B.双缩腺反应C.紫外吸收法D.苗三酮法10.镰刀形红细胞贫血病是异常血红蛋白纯合子基因的临床表现。
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四川农业大学2000年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称：生物化学(总分：100分)适用专业：各专业
考生注意：答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！
一、单项选择题：（1×10=10分）
1.利用基因工程手段，包括基因的定点突变改造蛋白质分子，使之具有更完善、更能符合人类要求的功能，这种技术和科学被称之为。
①遗传工程②蛋白质工程③细胞工程④蛋白质分子结构的预测
2.磺胺药物能抑制细菌的生长是因为它是一种。
①不可逆抑制剂②竞争性抑制剂③反竞争抑制剂④非竞争性抑制剂
3.假设翻译时从任一核苷酸起始读码，以人工合成的(AAC)n（n为任意整数）多聚核苷酸为模板，能够翻译出几种多聚核苷酸？
①一种②二种③三种④四种
4.酶反应速度对底物浓度作图，当底物浓度达到一定程度时，得到零级反应，对此最恰当的解释是。
①形变底物与酶产生不可逆结合②酶与未形变底物形成复合物
③酶的活性部位为底物所饱和④过多底物与酶发生不利催化反应的结合
5.1997年Prusiner因在领域的研究作出重大贡献而获得当年诺贝尔生理／医学奖？
①元病毒的生物学传染性原理②氮化氮的信号分子作用
③G蛋白及其信号分子作用④单个细胞膜离子通道
6.将抗体固定在层析的载体上，将载体装入层析柱中，使与该抗体相对应的抗原从流经此柱的蛋白质样品中分离出来的技术属于。
①吸附层析②离子交换层析③分配层析④分子筛层析⑤亲合层析
7.细胞膜上Na+,K+—ATP酶运送Na+,K+的机制是。
①主动运输②被动运输③基因转移④尚未阐明
8.下面关于糖蛋白中糖链部分的生物学功能的论述，哪一个是错误的？
①在细胞识别中糖链部分起着识别信号的作用
②糖链的引入增强了糖蛋白抗御蛋白酶水解作用的能力。
③糖链是酶活性中心的组成部分。
④糖链对糖蛋白的构象稳定起一定作用。
9.蛋白质、核酸的分子大小可以用沉降系数S表示，1S=1×10-13。
①g ②cm ③cm/秒④秒
10.要把膜蛋白质分子完整地从膜上溶解下来可以用。
①蛋白水解酶②透明质酸酶③去垢剂④糖苷酶
二、解释下列名词（任选作5题，多选不计分；6×5=30分）
1. ribozyme
2. HGP
3. PCR
4. 别构酶
5. 生物酶工程
6. 基因文库
7.限制性内切酶
8. 受体
三、问答题（任选作4题，多选不计分；15×4=60分）
1.试比较蛋白质。
核酸各自结构与其功能的相互关系。
2.试述激素的G蛋白信号转导系统的概念和作用机理。
3.生物膜主要有哪些生物学功能？任举一例阐述膜结构和功能的相互关系。
4.D NA半保留复制的机理是通过哪些重要的实验证明的？该复制方式的揭示有何重要意义？
5.为什么分子筛层析和SDS-PAGE都可用于蛋白质分子量的测定，其原理和操作上有何不同？
6.核酸杂交技术的理论基础是什么？举例说明其在声明科学研究中的应用。