(完整word版)《英语演讲与辩论》期末考试复习重点
高中英语中的演讲与辩论技巧
高中英语中的演讲与辩论技巧在高中英语的学习中，演讲与辩论不仅是提升语言能力的有效途径，也是培养思维能力、沟通能力和自信心的重要方式。
掌握良好的演讲与辩论技巧，对于我们在英语学习和未来的发展中都具有重要意义。
一、演讲技巧1、充分准备在进行演讲之前，充分的准备是至关重要的。
首先，要明确演讲的主题，并对其进行深入的研究和理解。
收集相关的资料、数据和案例，以支持自己的观点。
同时，要思考如何组织这些内容，使其具有清晰的逻辑结构。
例如，如果演讲的主题是“环境保护”，可以先介绍环境问题的现状，然后分析其产生的原因，最后提出解决的方案。
2、撰写演讲稿演讲稿是演讲的基础，它的质量直接影响到演讲的效果。
在撰写演讲稿时，要注意语言的简洁性和准确性，避免使用过于复杂或生僻的词汇和句子结构。
同时，要注意段落之间的过渡，使整个演讲稿流畅自然。
开头部分要吸引听众的注意力，可以通过提出一个有趣的问题、讲述一个引人入胜的故事或者引用一句名言来开始。
主体部分要详细阐述自己的观点和论据，注意条理清晰、层次分明。
结尾部分要对演讲的内容进行总结，并再次强调自己的观点，给听众留下深刻的印象。
3、练习演讲即使有了出色的演讲稿，如果没有经过充分的练习，也很难达到理想的演讲效果。
在练习演讲时，可以先自己对着镜子练习，注意自己的表情、手势和身体语言。
然后，可以在家人或朋友面前练习，听取他们的意见和建议。
练习时要注意语速、语调的控制，以及声音的抑扬顿挫，使演讲更富有感染力。
4、注意语音语调在演讲中，语音语调的运用可以增强表达的效果。
要注意发音的准确性，避免出现错误的读音。
同时，要根据演讲的内容和情感，合理地调整语速和语调。
例如，在表达激动或兴奋的情感时，可以适当加快语速、提高语调；在表达严肃或沉重的情感时，可以适当放慢语速、降低语调。
5、运用肢体语言肢体语言是演讲中不可或缺的一部分，它可以帮助我们更好地传达信息和吸引听众的注意力。
要保持良好的姿势，站立或坐立时要挺直身体，展现出自信的形象。
大学英语口语考试辩论话题内容
大学英语口语考试辩论话题内容14: Arguments for or against a ban on genetic engineering A:forB:againstA: Our world has entered into a new biological and social existence that is shaped by computers, mass media, and biotechnology.for example , Genetic engineering help people solve many things ,in’t it?B：well,but humans should not be modifying the genetic makeup of other organisms。
We should keep them in nature .A: Genetic engineering reduces costs of production. This means that the poor can afford more food, and be more self sufficient. They're tasty and nutritious Some are easy to raise specifically for food, or are easy to catch.it’s pecfctB：Human beings are themselves part of nature, creatures within creation. Human discovery and invention can be thought of as resulting from the exercise of God-given powers of mind and reason.A: though it ,we can Design what people want or need , Improve or add desirable characteristics,even Remove undesirable cha racteristics.it‘s the big deal .B:ok,I like things those are natural ,but Genetic Engineering is unnatural,I can with you . 15：Arguments for or against the view that women face unequal treatment in getting promoted：AagainstB:forA; In a modern society, one would think that sexual discrimination had long disappeared.But My mom didn't get the position she wanted again, theypromoted some new guy to the job. I think it’s not fair for women.B: However, this is not the case. Although women are given more chances than they had before. if a couple was divorce women can get 70% of her man's money! IN UK,SOi think every country's Culture are diffenent.OR other reasons.A;wow,no . do you know that western women did not have the same rights like Muslim women ,for example: Muslim women have right to keep her family name after marriage.Muslim women have right to have independent budget with out inquiring of her husband.B: so this is why some country man are king but some country women are king. becuase their culture are different.A:but in country especially in a traditional country like China Some women are still expected to stay at home when they married.why man?B: well,they are equal but they don't have the same rights as men just as men don't have the same rights as women. each of them has a role and the rights are given accordingly.16: Arguments for or against divorce as the solution to a loveless marriageSupporter for divorce=A: if marriage has no love ，marriage just is an afflict[ ?'flikt ]折磨for the person need love.so I think divorce is a better solution to a loveless marriage.Against divorce =B:Divorce do many harms to a family. whats more, The loveless marriage will free people from some obligation[ ??bli'gei∫n ]义务.so I think divorce is the worst r solution to a loveless marriage.A：if marriage has no love ，marriage just is an afflict[ ?'flikt ]折磨for the person need love. There is no care for each other andcomfortable communication to make life significant. whats more, the neglect between them buries bomb which will break out somedayB: divorce is not a reasonable solution. Everything has two sides. The loveless marriage will free people from some obligation[ ??bli'gei∫n ]义务.Besides ,the less you pay, the less emotional demands you have, which reduce disputeA: we marry not for the lifeless life. This also has harm to mental health of the coming generation.B: if one has no economic capability, divorce will destroy his life, so do their children and their old parents. Divorce hurt more people.A: the essential issue is loveless marriage having no happiness. Why not look for confident and wonderful life elsewhere?B: this is just personal interests, how can we don’t assume the responsibility for the marriage? Divorce will lead to more social problem.A;well,I still think the emotion is more important.but I accept you too.。
(完整word版)英语辩论
一辩：FIRST DEBATER二辩:SECOND DEBATER对方辩友，my fellow debaters开始的陈词，Honorable judges，distinguished guests，ladies and gentlemen.。
后来的部分就和一般的议论问差不多了.然后加点题外话：陈述的时候一定要自信，把握好时间,如果到后来时间到，你却没陈述完的时候也要保持自信，微笑，不管他们，把话说完，所以陈述部分的最后几句一定要背熟练。
别忘了说THANK YOU。
如果想要驳斥对方的逻辑，进行假设：according to your logic反对object to观点opinion总结summary辩论常用短语荟萃1。
stating an opinion 陈述观点a。
in my opinion… 我的意见是……c。
I believe that…… 我相信……d。
I think that…… 我觉得……e. the poin t is that…… 关键是……, 要点是.。
.。
f。
if you ask me…… 如果你问我……g。
I'd like to say this：…… 我会这样说……h。
I’d like to point out that 我想指出的是……i. speaking for myself 站在自己的立场上说……j。
as far as I’m concerned，… 就我而言,……k。
in my experience… 根据我的经验……2。
challenging an opinion 质疑某种观点a. that can’t be true 那不可能是真的。
b。
but what about…？但关于……方面呢？3。
clarifying a point 阐述观点a. what I said was… 我刚才说的是……b. what I mean to say was… 我的意思是说……c。
英语演讲及辩论期末考试复习重点
obtain.
1. E*amples
Brief e*ample E*tended e*ample
简单例证
e*ample
Hale Waihona Puke 延展例证.z.
Problems:
1. Foreign languages,foreign laws,customs and regulations
2. E*change rates varies
3. Numerous cultural differences
4. First-hand accurate information is comparatively hard to
.
z.
-
a. Problem-solution pattern order
问题出路法
b. Problem-cause-solution order
问题成因出路法
c. Comparative advantages order
优惠比照法(pros&cons〕
d. Motivated sequence
动机序列法
b. Spacial order
空间顺序
c. Topical order
话题顺序
Persuasive speech
1) Question of fact 2) Question of
话题顺序 value
3) Question of policy〔passive agreement & immediate action)
a. Keep visual aids simple
b. Make sure visual aids are large enough
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀英文回答：Public speaking and debating are two essential skills that can help you succeed in both your personal and professional life. Whether you're giving a presentation to your colleagues or arguing a case in court, the ability to speak clearly, persuasively, and effectively is key.Here are a few tips to help you become a more confident and effective speaker:Know your audience. Before you start speaking, take some time to think about who you're talking to. What are their interests? What do they know about the topic? What do you want them to take away from your speech? Knowing your audience will help you tailor your message and make it more relevant to them.Be prepared. One of the best ways to reduce anxietyand boost your confidence is to be well-prepared. This means knowing your topic inside and out, practicing your speech multiple times, and having a clear outline to follow. Being prepared will also help you stay on track and avoid getting sidetracked.Be yourself. When you're speaking, it's important tobe authentic and genuine. Don't try to be someone you're not. Your audience will be able to tell if you're being fake, and it will make it harder for them to connect with you.Make eye contact. Eye contact is a powerful way to connect with your audience and build rapport. When you're speaking, make an effort to look at everyone in the room, not just the people in the front row. Making eye contactwill also help you stay focused and engaged.Speak with confidence. Even if you're feeling nervous, it's important to speak with confidence. Your audience will be more likely to believe you if you believe in yourself. Speak clearly and at a moderate pace, and don't be afraidto use pauses to emphasize your points.Use body language. Body language can convey a lot of information, so it's important to be aware of how you're using it. Stand up straight, make eye contact, and use gestures to emphasize your points. Avoid fidgeting or crossing your arms, as this can make you appear nervous or closed off.Practice, practice, practice. The best way to improve your public speaking skills is to practice. Join a Toastmasters club, volunteer to give presentations at workor school, or simply practice speaking in front of a mirror. The more you practice, the more confident and effectiveyou'll become.中文回答：演讲和辩论是两项在个人和职业生涯中都能帮助你取得成功的基本技能。
英语演讲与辩论
英语演讲与辩论各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢课程编号:100191英文名:The Art of English Public Speaking and debating课程类别:专业选修学分:2学分课时:32课时主讲教师:韩静等选定教材:Stephen E. Lucas,《演讲的艺术》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004年课程概述:《英语演讲与辩论》课程是一门语言技能和专业知识相结合的课程,在一定程度上实现相关专业与外语专业之间的复合、交融和渗透,使学生从语言的单一性向知识的多元化、宽厚型方向转化.该课程有助于提高学生综合应用英语的能力,有助于学生综合素质的培养,是英语教学改革的新课型通过该课程的学习不仅能帮助学生进一步提高英语表达能力、英语口语交际能力,更有利于学生开拓思路、掌握沟通技巧;引导学生体会演讲魅力、提高演讲技巧、展示演讲才能,有利于他们早日掌握这门适用于各种领域的沟通艺术.这门课程的学习需要一定程度的语言技能以外的知识积累.通过这门课程的学习,学生能够系统地了解英语演讲的技巧,英语演讲稿的写作方法以及英语演讲技巧在现代交际中的作用.本课程采用理论传授与实际操练相结合;教师讲解和学生参与相结合;教师点评和学生试评相结合的教学方法.本课程授课内容主要包括两大块,均采用多媒体、互动式授课.第一部分包括英语演讲课程的理论教学,采用范例录像观摩和阐释理论知识点相结合的方法;第二部分包括学生操练并辅助以课堂讨论及对学生操练和作业进行评析等方法.考查方法采用课堂参与和考试相结合.教学目的:通过本课程的学习,使学生全面、系统地掌握英语演讲和辩论的理论知识与艺术特点以及在现实交际生活的作用及在一定程度上实现相关专业与外语专业之间的复合、交融和渗透,使学生从语言的单一性向知识的多元化、宽厚型方向转化,并且提高学生综合应用英语的能力和综合素质的培养.教学方法:本课程授课内容主要包括两大块,均采用多媒体、互动式授课.第一部分包括英语演讲辩论课程的理论教学,采用示范录像观摩和阐释理论知识点相结合的方法;第二部分包括学生操练并辅助以课堂讨论及对学生操练和作业进行评析等方法.考查采用课堂参与记录与考试相结合的方法,课堂参与记录占50%,考试占50%.1)教学原则a.教师为主导,学生为主体,训练为主线;b.运用激励策略,营造宽松型、学生友好型氛围;c.语境教学法;d.过程教学法.2)课堂组织形式a. 精讲多练,突出学生参与;b. 运用视听演示材料供学生观摩;c. 鼓励学生制作视觉辅助材料;d. 运用摄像设备拍录学生演讲实景;e. 先讲后评,组织讨论;f. 运用评估表分析学生演讲;g.大班与小班授课应有区别.各章教学要求及教学要点第一章Speaking And Listening教学要求:本章教学要求学生比较全面了解演讲的基本理论和概念,演讲中的道德准则以及倾听在言语交流中的重要性.教学内容:一、Speaking in Public1. The Power of Public Speaking2. The Tradition of Public Speaking3. Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation4. Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation5. Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class6. Public Speaking and Critical Thinking7. The Speech Communication Process8. Public speaking in a Multicultural World二、Ethics and Public Speaking1. The Importance of Ethics2. Guidelines for Ethical Speaking3. Plagiarism4. Guidelines for Ethical Listening三、Listening1. Listening Is Important2. Listening and Critical Thinking3. Four Causes of Poor Listening4. How to Become a Better Listener思考题:1. In what way is public speaking likely to make a difference in your life?2. How is public speaking different from everyday conversation?3. How can you control your nervousness and make it work for you in your speeches?4. What are the seven elements of the speech communication process? How do they interact to determine the success or failure of a speech?第二章Speech Preparation: Getting Started教学要求:本章教学要求学生了解在演讲的准备阶段如何选题和立意,如何分析听众的特点,如何收集资料和如何规范地使用所搜集到的论据来说明自己的想法.教学内容:Selecting a Topic and Purpose1. Choosing a Topic2. Determining the General Purpose3. Determining the Specific Purpose4. Phrasing the Central Idea二、Analyzing the Audience1. Audience-Centeredness2. Your Classmates as an Audience3. The Psychology of Audiences4. Demographic Audience Analysis5. Situational Audience Analysis6. Getting Information About the Audience7. Adapting to the Audience三、Gathering Materials1. Using Your Own Knowledge and Experience2. Doing Library Research3. Searching the Internet4. Interviewing5. Tips for Doing Research四、Supporting Your Ideas1. Supporting Materials and CriticalThinking2. Examples3. Statistics4. Testimony5. Sample Speech with Commentary思考题:1. What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech? What are four guidelines for an effective central idea?2. What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?3. What five things should you do to take research notes efficiently?4. What are five tips for using examples in your speeches?第三章Speech Preparation: Organizing and Outlining教学要求:本章教学要求学生系统掌握英语演讲稿的写作方法和写作规范.教学内容:Organizing the Body of the Speech1. Organization Is Important2. Main Points3. Supporting Materials4. Connectives二、Beginning and Ending the Speech1. The Introduction2. The Conclusion三、Outlining the Speech1. The Preparation Outline2. The Speaking Outline思考题:1. What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate forinformative speeches? Which is used only in persuasive speeches? Which is used most often?2. What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?3. What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?4. What is a preparation outline? What are the eight guidelines discussed in the chapter for writing a preparation outline?5. What is a speaking outline? What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?第四章Presenting The Speech教学要求:本章教学要求学生基本掌握演讲写作中的语言技巧,演讲的不同形式,以及直观教具的制作和用法. 教学内容:一、Using Language1. Language Is Important2. Meanings of Words3. Using Language Accurately4. Using Language Clearly5. Using Language Vividly6. A Note on Inclusive Language二、Delivery1. What is a Good Delivery?2. Methods of Delivery3. The Speaker’s V oice4. The Speaker’s Body5. Practicing Delivery6. Answering Audience Questions三、Using Visual Aids1. Advantages of Visual Aids2. Kinds of Visual Aids3. Guidelines for Preparing Visual Aids4. Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids思考题:1. What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?2. Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What are five usages of inclusive language which have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?3. What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?4. What are the five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?5. What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and-answer session? What should you concentrate on when responding to questions during the session?6. What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?第五章Varieties of Public Speaking教学要求:本章教学要求学生掌握演讲的几种主要的体裁,能够在不同的场合选择不同的方式进行有效演讲. 教学内容:教学内容:Speaking to Inform1. Types of Informative Speeches: Analysis and Organization2. Guidelines for Informative Speaking3. Sample Speech with Commentary4. The Importance of Persuasion5. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact6. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value7. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy二、Methods of Persuasion1. Building Credibility2. Using Evidence3. Reasoning4. Appealing to emotions三、Speaking on Special Occasions1. Speeches of Introduction2. Speeches of Presentation3. Speeches of Acceptance4. Commemorative Speeches5. After-Dinner Speeches四、Speaking in Small Groups1. What Is a Small Group?2. Leadership in Small Groups3. responsibilities in a Small Group4. The Reflective-Thinking Method5. Presenting the Recommendations of the Groups思考题:1. Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic? What can you do to make sure your ideas don’t pass over the heads of your listeners?2. What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?3. Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policy.4. What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?5. What are four tips for using evidence effectively in a persuasive speech?6. What are the three major traits of a good acceptance speech?7. What are the five major responsibilities of every participant in a small group?参考书目:1)Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking. 8th Ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004. 配有Instructor’s Manual.2)Verderber, Rudolph F. The Challenge of Effective Speaking. 10th Ed. Boston: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997.3) Collins, Patrick. Say It with Power & Confidence. Paramus: Prentice Hall, 1998.4)Kay, Sue:《实用演讲技巧》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004.5)亚历山大,《英语辩论手册》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999.Chinese universities should/should not allow mix-genderdormitories.Ladies and Gentlemen, Good evening! I’m very glad to stand here and give you a shortI will argue from the following two aspects about Chinese universities should not allow mix-gender dormitories.First of all,we should seriously think about the existence value of mix-gender dormitories. According to the published study of Journal of American College Health, they investigated more than 500 students of five American universities,and about 90% of which living in the mix-gender dormitories. In the dormitory, men and women are not necessarily in the same room, many of them just live on the different floors. The results of the survey show that 41% of the students,living in the mix-gender dormitories,admit that they arepromiscuity in astudents,living in a single gender dormitory,of the ratio is 17%.The study also points that living in the mix-gender dormitory is easier to promiscuity. The proportion of having three or more sexual partners in the past year is three times as much as students who live in the single-gender ,with the number increasing,the account of promiscuity will be make us more embarrassed in the future. Secondly, it also has a great effect on students’ living. For example,when I want to take a bath after busy work and have a deep sleep wearing pajamas,I find that I can’t do it because I have a maleI was a man,I would even worried If I would be sued for obscene or not ,just because I wear a short pants and my shake-feathering is too long. And all this is the embarrassment due to allow mix-genderwhen you live with the students in common sex,girls could not worry aboutthe position which underwear hang on, let alone whether they are less wear at night. Meanwhile boys can play games loudly and don’t have to worry about the girl. Some privacy is able to accept by the people,having common sex,but the opposite sex ismany students aren’t lover in min-gender dorm. Therefore privacy protection has become an embarrassing problem,but also making life into inconvenience.新课程标准/ 演讲/ 辩论/ 教学设计英语演讲与辩论是英语语言综合能力的体现。
英语辩论赛辩题精选大全
《英语辩论赛辩题精选大全》一、教育领域辩题1. 中小学是否应该取消英语考试？2. 全日制英语教学是否有利于提高学生的英语水平？3. 在线英语教育能否取代传统英语课堂？4. 英语四六级考试是否应该取消？5. 学前教育阶段是否应该引入英语课程？二、社会热点辩题1. 网络用语是否影响了英语学习的规范性？2. 外国人在中国是否应该使用中文？3. 英语全球化是否加剧了文化同质化？4. 英语普及是否导致汉语危机？5. 中英双语标识是否有助于提高国民英语水平？三、科技与生活辩题2. 英语在科技领域的地位是否不可替代？3. 英语作为国际通用语言，是否限制了其他语言的创新？4. 虚拟现实技术在英语教学中的应用是否具有前景？5. 英语在跨国企业沟通中的重要性是否日益凸显？四、文化与价值观辩题1. 英语电影是否应该配译中文对白？2. 英语名著翻译是否应该尊重原文还是迎合读者？3. 英语国家文化输出是否对其他国家产生负面影响？4. 英语在全球文化交流中的作用是否被过度夸大？5. 学习英语是否有助于了解西方文化？五、政策与法规辩题1. 我国是否应该实行英语义务教育？2. 英语能力是否应该成为公务员招聘的必备条件？3. 英语考试改革是否有利于选拔人才？4. 英语课程标准是否需要与时俱进？5. 我国英语教育政策是否需要调整？《英语辩论赛辩题精选大全》六、经济与就业辩题1. 英语能力对企业员工的职业发展影响有多大？2. 英语是否应该成为国际贸易的官方语言？3. 英语水平是否决定了非英语国家求职者的就业机会？4. 在全球经济一体化背景下，英语的重要性是否在增加？5. 英语沟通能力对企业拓展国际市场的作用是否被高估？七、环保与可持续发展辩题1. 英语在环保国际合作中的角色是否不可替代？2. 英语普及是否有助于提高全球环保意识？3. 英语在传播可持续发展理念中的作用是否重要？4. 英语媒体在环保议题上的报道是否具有偏见？5. 英语能力是否影响了发展中国家参与国际环保事务？八、健康与医疗辩题1. 英语在跨国医疗交流中的重要性是否被忽视？2. 英语能力是否影响了医护人员的学习和交流？3. 英语在医疗研究领域的作用是否过大？4. 英语医学文献的普及是否有助于提高全球医疗水平？5. 英语在推广国际公共卫生标准中的角色是否关键？九、艺术与娱乐辩题1. 英语流行歌曲是否影响了本土音乐的发展？2. 英语电影是否主导了全球电影市场？3. 英语在跨文化戏剧交流中的作用是否重要？4. 英语文学作品是否应该被翻译成其他语言？5. 英语在电子游戏全球化的进程中是否起到了关键作用？十、伦理与道德辩题1. 英语辩论中是否应该避免使用具有歧视性的语言？2. 英语媒体在报道国际事件时是否应遵循道德准则？3. 英语教育是否应该包含跨文化伦理教育？4. 英语在传播普世价值观中的作用是否积极？5. 英语辩论赛是否有助于培养参赛者的道德素养？《英语辩论赛辩题精选大全》十一、政治与国际关系辩题1. 英语作为国际政治沟通的主要语言，是否造成了语言霸权？2. 英语国家的政治观点是否在全球范围内占据了主导地位？3. 英语媒体在塑造国际形象方面是否具有偏向性？4. 英语在国际组织中是否应该被平等使用？5. 英语能力是否影响了发展中国家在国际政治舞台上的发言权？十二、历史与文化遗产辩题1. 英语是否在无形中抹去了非英语国家的文化遗产？2. 英语在历史研究中的普及是否有助于全球史观的建立？3. 英语翻译是否能够准确传达历史文献的原意？4. 英语在推广世界文化遗产中的作用是否积极？5. 英语教育是否忽视了本土历史文化的传承？十三、法律与权利辩题1. 英语是否应该成为国际法庭的工作语言？2. 英语法律文献的普及是否有利于全球法治的推进？3. 英语在跨国法律事务中的作用是否被过高估计？4. 英语能力是否影响了公民在国际法律诉讼中的权益？5. 英语法律教育是否有助于培养国际法律人才？十四、心理与行为辩题1. 英语学习是否有助于提高跨文化交际能力？2. 英语环境是否对非母语者的心理产生压力？3. 英语辩论是否能够锻炼人的逻辑思维和表达能力？4. 英语作为第二语言学习是否影响了个体的认知发展？5. 英语教育是否有助于培养全球公民意识？十五、性别与平等等辩题1. 英语辩论赛中，性别是否影响了参赛者的表现和评价？2. 英语教育是否在无形中强化了性别刻板印象？3. 英语媒体在报道性别议题时是否持有偏见？4. 英语在推动性别平等全球对话中的作用是否显著？5. 英语能力是否影响了女性在国际职场中的地位？。
大一英语期末考试知识点
大一英语期末考试知识点大一英语期末考试通常涵盖了多个知识点，包括语法、词汇、听力、阅读理解和写作等方面。
以下是一些常见的考试知识点的总结。
一、语法1. 时态：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。
2. 语态：包括被动语态的构成和用法。
3. 句型：包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句等各种句型的用法。
4. 从句：包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等从句的引导词和语序等知识点。
二、词汇1. 基础词汇：包括常用单词、常用短语与习惯搭配等。
2. 同义词与反义词：包括同义词和反义词的辨析与用法。
3. 词性与词汇搭配：包括名词、动词、形容词和副词等词性的用法以及常见的词汇搭配。
三、听力1. 听力材料：包括对话、独白、新闻报道等各种听力材料。
2. 听力题型：包括听力选择题、填空题、判断题等各种题型。
3. 听力技巧：包括抓关键词、预测内容、注意时间等听力技巧。
四、阅读理解1. 阅读材料：包括短文、图表、广告等各种阅读材料。
2. 阅读题型：包括选择题、填空题、判断题和匹配题等各种题型。
3. 阅读技巧：包括略读、精读、提前预测、寻找关键词等阅读技巧。
五、写作1. 作文题目：根据具体考试要求写作不同主题的作文，可能涉及到描述、议论、说明和应用文等不同的文体。
2. 写作结构：包括引子、主体、结尾等作文的基本结构。
3. 写作技巧：包括使用丰富的词汇、合适的句式、清晰的逻辑和恰当的语法等写作技巧。
以上是大一英语期末考试常见的知识点总结。
希望通过对这些知识点的复习和准备，能够在考试中取得好成绩。
祝你成功！。
英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结
英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结chapter 1ABCWhy Study Public SpeakingIncrease personal and social abilitiesEnhance your academic and career skillsRefine your general communication abilitiesIncrease your public speaking abilities….Increase Personal and Social Abilitiesself-awarenessself-confidencedealing with the fear of communicatingPublic Speaking VS ConversationPurpose: both communicate with a certain purposeAudience: a public speech is usually directed at more listeners.Feedback: public speaking is relatively uninterrupted discourse.Delivery: public speaking requires intensified volume of voice and bodily action.Materials and organization: public speeches are mostly prepared ones.Impromptu speeches are rare.The essentials of a speechObjective: why am I making this speechAudience:whom am I making this speech toPlace:whereTime and lengthMethod of delivery:howContent:whatNotesRehearsal: identify weakness, practice difficult pronunciationsDealing with nervousnessAcquire speaking experiencePrepare, prepare, prepareThink positivelyUse the power of visualizationKnow that most nervousness is Not visibleDon’t expect perfectionAcquire Speaking ExperienceEnrolled in a public speaking courseStage fright: fear of the unknownLearning to give a speech is not much different from learning any other skill---it proceeds by trial and error. The purpose of your speech class is to shorten the process, to minimize the errors, to give you a nonthreatening arena---a sort of laboratory--- in which to undertake the “trial”Think positivelyConfidence is mostly the well-known power of positive thinking.Negative Thought & Positive ThoughtI wish I didn’t have to give this speech.This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker.I am not a great public speaker.No one is perfect, but I am getting better with each speech I give.TermsPositive nervousness---controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.Visualization---mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures herself or himself giving a successful presentation.Creat a vivid mental blurprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speechOther tips for dealing with nervousnessBe at your best physically and mentally. A good night’s sleep will serve you better.As you are waiting to speak, quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them. Such actions help reduce tension by providing an outlet for your extra adrenaline.Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak. Most people take short and shallow breaths, which only reinforces their anxiety. Deep breathing breaks this cycle of tension and help calm your nerves.Work especially hard on your introduction. Research has shown that a speaker’s anxiety level begins to drop significantly after the first 30 seconds ofa presentationMake eye contact with members of your audience. Remember that they are individual people, not a blur of faces. And they are your friends.Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than on worrying about your stage fright. If you get caught up in your speech, your audience will too.Use visual aids. They create interest, draw attention away from you, and make you feel less self-conscious.chapter 2 topicSelecting a topicSpeeches outside the classroomthe occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualificationsSpeeches in the public speaking classno designated topicWhat is a suitable speech topicWorthwhileAppropriateLimited in scopeSuitable topicWorthwhilesignificant implications for the audienceAppropriateknow a lot, like to learn moreLimited in scopedividing the topic into several significant parts.General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标To inform: convey informationenhance the knowledge and understandingTo persuade: advocate or partisanChange or structure the attitudes or actionsDifference: explain or exhortSpecific purpose 具体目标to inform my audie nce about…to per suade my audience to …Explain ←→ exhortSpecific PurposeSpecific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.). 简单的肯定句Topic: EmergenciesGeneral purpose: To informSpecific purpose: T o inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergencyTips for formulating the specific purpose statementTip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a fragment（片段）Tip 2Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question陈述句Tip 3 Avoid figurative language比喻语言Tip 4 Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea, or one main pointTip 5Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general Phrasing the central idea(Also called thesis statement, subject sentence, major thought ) What is the central ideaGuidelines for the central ideaWhat is the central ideaA one-sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech. It is whatyou want the audience to absorb from your speech.In persuasive speechesarguable, debatable, take your stanceIn informative speechesrelatively neutral and objectiveThe specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish.The central idea is a concise statement of what you expect tosay. Guidelines for the central ideaThe central idea1. Should be expressed in a full sentencenot be in the form of a question.3. should avoid figurative language4. should not be vague or overly generalSummarySelecting a topicDetermining your general purposeDetermining your specific purposePhrasing your central ideaFour brainstorming proceduresMake a quick inventory of your hobbies, interests, skills, experiences, beliefs, and so forth.Use the technique of clustering and write down on a sheet of paper the first topics that come to mind in several categories.Look through a reference work for ideasUse a World Wide Web subject directory such as Yahoo to help you scan possible topic.chapter 3 Analysis Analyzing the audience1. Audience-centeredness 以听众为中心2. The psychology of audience 听众的心理3. Demographic audience analysis 听众分析统计4. Situational audience analysis 听众分析的具体情形5. Adapting to the audience 适应听众1. Audience-centerednessAudience-centeredness: keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.Questions to be asked when preparingTo whom am I speakingWhat do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speechWhat is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech toaccomplish that aim(how)2. The psychology of audiencesQuestion: what do you do when you listen to a speechtwo messages:speaker, filter, listenerpeople hear what they want to hear and disregard the rest.Question: what do people want to hearMeaningfulEgocentrism: The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.Listeners typically approach speeches with one question uppermost in mind: “Why is this important to me”What do these psychological principles mean to you as a speakerListeners: what they already knowSpeakers: relate the message toTwo steps of demographic audience analysis⑴identifying the general demographic features of your audience⑵ assessing the importance of those features to a particular speaking situationDemographic Audience AnalysisAgeGenderSexual orientationRacial, ethnic and cultural backgroundReligion4. Situational audience analysis:Situational factorsSizePhysical settingDisposition toward the topicDisposition toward the speakerDisposition toward the topicInterestKnowledgeAttitudeDisposition toward the speakerkeep in mind that your listeners will always have some set of attitudes toward you as a speaker.Estimating what those attitudes are and how they will affect your speech isa crucial part of situational audience analysis.Summaryaudience-centered.They know that the aim of speechmaking is to gain a desired response from listeners. When working on your speeches, keep three questions in mind:(1)To whom am I speaking(2)What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech(3)What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aimPsychology of audience.People hear what they want to hear.EgocentricWhy is this important to mechapter4 ntroduction1. Getting attention and interest(1)Relate the topic to the audience(2)State the importance of your topic(3)Startle the audience(4)Arouse the curiosity of the audience(5)Question the audience(6)Begin with a quotation(7)Tell a story2. Reveal the topic3. Establish credibilityCredibility: the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.Your credibility need not be based on firsthand knowledge and experience. It cancome from reading, from classes, from interviews, from friends.4 Preview the body of the speechPreview statement 预先叙说A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main pointsto be discussed in the body of the speech.Tips for preparing the introduction1.Keep the introduction relatively brief. Under normal circumstances it shouldnot constitute more than 10 to 20 percent of your speech.2. Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research. File them with your notes, so they will be handy when you are ready for them.3. Be creative in devising your introduction. Experiment with two or three different openings and choose the one that seemsmost likely to get the audience interested in your speech.4. Don’t worry about the exact wo rding of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech. After you have determined your main points, it will be much easier to make final decisions about how to begin the speech.5. Work out your introduction in detail. Some teachers recommend that you write it out word for word; others prefer that you outline it. Whichever method you use, practice the introduction over and over until you can deliver it smoothly from a minimum of notes and with strong eye contact. This will get your speech off to a good start and give you a big boost of confidence.Some common faults of introductionsDon’t apologize.Don’t pretendDon’t make hollow promisesDon’t rely on gimmicksDon’t preface your introductionchapter 5 conclusionTo let the audience know you are ending the speech“In conclusion”“One last thought”“In closing”“My purpose has been”“Let me end by saying”Reinforce the central idea1. Summarize your speech2. End with a quotation3. Make a dramatic statement4. Refer to the introduction5. MotivateTips for preparing the conclusion1. As with the introduction, keep an aye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop the speech.2. Conclude with a bang, not a whimper. Be creative in devising a conclusion that hits the hearts and minds of your audience. Work on several possible endings, and select the one that seems likely to have the greatest impact.3.Do not be long-winded. The conclusion will normally make up no more than about5 to 10 percent of your speech. Nothing aggravates audiences more than aspeaker who says, “In conclusion” and keeps on talking.chapter 6 -7 language_deliveryLanguage is importantMeaning of wordsUsing language accuratelyUsing language clearlyUsing language vividlyUsing language appropriatelyA note on inclusive languageUsing language clearly1. Use familiar words2. Choose concrete words3. Eliminate clutter2. Choose concrete wordsConcrete words: words that refer to tangible objectsAbstract words: words that refer to ideas or conceptsKeep this in mind: few words are completely abstract orconcrete.Abstractness and concreteness are relative.Two main ways to use moving and vivid language: imagery and rhythm1. Imagery: (意象）The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions or ideas.It is a word picture that gets you totally involved.Three ways to generate imagery:A. Concrete wordsB. Simile（明喻）An explicit comparison introduced with the word “like” or “as” between things that are essentially different y et have something in common. Example: C. Metaphor （暗喻）Unlike simile, metaphor does not contain the words “like” or “as”.2. Rhythm（节奏）The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.Four basic stylistic devices to improve the rhythmA. Parallelism（排比）: the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Examples:①Rich and poor, intelligent and ignorant, wise and foolish, virtuous and vicious, man and woman---it is ever the same, each soul must depend wholly on itself.(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)②There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northernproblem. There is only an American problem. (Lyndon Johnson)③I speak as a Republican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a United Sates Senator.I speak as an American.(Margaret Chase Smith)B. RepetitionRepeating the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clausesor sentences①When you see your street, see my street. When you see your house, see my house. When you see your children, see my children. (Whitney Young, Jr.)②We will not tire, we will not falter, we will not fail. (George W .Bush)C. Alliteration（头韵法）Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. Examples:①Peace is essential for progress, but progress is no less essential for Peace. (Liaquat Ali Khan)②In a nation founded on the promise of human dignity, our colleges, our communities,our country should challenge hatred wherever we find it. (Hillary Rodham Clinton)D. Antithesis 对比法The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure. Examples:①Ask not what your country c an do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (John. F. Kennedy)②Your success as a family, our success as a society, depends not on what happensat the White House, but on what happens inside your house.(Barbara Bush)Using language appropriately恰当地使用语言1. Appropriate to the occasion2. Appropriate to the audience3. Appropriate to the topic4. Appropriate to the speakerA NOTE ON INCLUSIVE LANGUAGEInclusive language: language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.Four basic methods of delivering a speechReading from a manuscript: A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.Reciting from memorySpeaking impromptu: a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.Speaking extemporaneously: A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.The speaker’s voiceThe aspects of voice you should work to control are:Volume 音量Pitch 音高Rate 频率Pauses 停顿Vocal variety 嗓音变化PronunciationThe speaker’s voicevolume : the loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice.Pitch: t he highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice.Rate: the speed at which a person speaks.The speaker’s body1. Personal appearance2. Movement3. Gestures4. Eye contactThere are four basic methods of delivering a speech, They are Reading from a manuscript.Reciting from memorySpeaking impromptuSpeaking extemporaneouslychapter 8 Special。
国际交流英文演讲与辩论慕课习题笔记
Unit 1 Education Exchange1.Which one is with the greatest importance when preparing for an informative presentation?Setting take-home message2. A good speech requires a clear structure and ______.logical reasoning3.The followings are the main benefits of a debate except ________.helping people become more passionate4.If a university administrator is to introduce the campus and facilities to overseas studentsstudying at the university, which of the following should he consider while preparing for the presentation? ___________ .Majors of the overseas students.Languages of the overseas students.Interests of the overseas students.5.If an education exchange institution is making a speech attracting more people to join theiroverseas study program, which of the following should be included in the speech?Benefits of studying abroadAdvantages of their programs.Successful experiences of their overseas study program.Unit 2 Artificial Intelligence1.You’d better put __________ in your slides.simple phrases and key words2.Which of the following statements is NOT right about body language?The speaker should always smile even when he/she expresses the emotion ofpity.3.When the debater says: “My partner and I have come up with some definitions to further clarifythis round. Our first definition is death. We define it as both brain and cardiac death. Our second definition is organs. …”, what is the debater doing?Doing motion defining.4.If you are to design PowerPoint slides with the topic of “AI and my future career”, what shouldbe the main parts in your slides?Powerful headline: AI: A helping hand in my career.Key message: Learning to work with AI in my future career.Preview/review slide (outlines indicating why and how to work with AI). Jimmy was5.practicing a speech with his friends. He was told that his gestures were not appropriate. Whichof the following behavior of Jimmy should be avoided to make good gestures in a speech?put his hand in and out of pocket frequently.wave his two hands high above his head.make gestures just in front of his face.Unit3 Tourism and Leisure1.If an informative presentation starts with: “Every second, a slice of rainforest, the size of afootball field, is mowed down. That's over 31 million football fields of rainforest each year”, what opening method is used?Giving statistics.2.If a presenter says, “Today I’d like to tell you about three smart ways to save your money whiletraveling. In my brief presentation we’ll begin by . . . Then I’ll give another smart way . . . and finally I’d like to talk about . . .”, he is giving______.an introduction3.When you announce your opinion in your speech, you’d better___________ .slow down a bit4.When you stand on the stage, delivering a speech with a microphone, which of the following isNOT appropriate?Murmur to yourself.Hold the microphone directly to your mouth.Shout with the largest volume.5.Which of the following are possible benefits of taking a budget tour?Seeing different people.Experiencing different cultureBroadening one’s horizon.Learning to be independent.Unit 4 National and Cultural Identity1.When introducing to a tour group to America about what they should do when encounteringany emergencies or other problems, which of the following body structures might the speaker use?Problem-solution order.2.When designing a question for the beginning part of your speech, you should_______.make up a question based on the audience analysis3.For the motion: Museums should return their collected artifacts to the home countries, when theoppositional team says:" if the motion is implemented, museums will be discouraged from collecting artifacts, then a lot of first-class artwork might get lost", the team is to present _______ that might be caused by the motion.physical injuryually in the ending part of a speech, speakers would choose to refer back to the lead-in part.What are the benefit(s) of doing that?It will give a sense of connection and closure.It will leave a strong final impression on the audience.It will help your audience recall your speech.It will help re-emphasize your main idea.5.Which of the following stories can support the idea “the Chinese culture will be carried forwardin the era of globalization” in a public speech?The young generation in China celebrate both Christmas and Spring Festival.Foreigners are increasingly interested in Martial arts and Confucianism.Some famous Chinese calligraphy and ink painting works are displayed in well-known museums around the world.Unit 5 Men and Women1.Which of the following are “representative” stories in a speech?Typical stories supporting the key idea.2.Which of the following are NOT right about choosing stories in a speech?Use as many stories as possbile.3.Suppose the propositional case is: Women should quit their jobs and become stay-at-homemoms, which of the following arguments is the most important and should be attacked?It is harder or even impossible for women to balance housework and their jobs nowadays for some reasons.4.Michelle uses the story of her daughters’ first day at new school to persuade the public to votefor Hillary because she knows________________.the story is relevant to the purpose of voting for a president who cares about childrenthe story is representative and most American families may have similar worriesthe details included in the story can help create vivid picture of insecurity in the audience’s mindthe story can build resonance in her audience’s mind for most of her audience are middle-aged women.5.Which of the following is the right way to refute in a debate?Attacking relevance.Attacking logical leap.Attacking impact.Unit 6 Entrepreneurship1.Which of the following is NOT correct about using data in your speech?Use data as much as possible since they are convincing.2.By saying “Then, we can safely conclude that the self-employment will lead to even moreserious economic and social problems...”, the debater is making a refutation by_______.impacting3.Motion: College graduates should be encouraged to be self-employed.Argument: Job security keeps decreasing nowadays. Even if a college graduate finds a stable job, it is highly possible for him to lose it after a period of time.Which of the following sentences might the debater use to repeat, or identify the argument he is going to refute?As is mentioned by the propositional side, jobs are no longer as stable as they once were,... 4.Which expressions of transition can be used to emphasize the main points of your presentation?This ties in with the most important statement...This relates directly to the question I put to you before...By the end of the presentation, you will understand...As you remember, we are concerned with...5.Which of the following expressions are appropriate in leading to the third step of refutation:Replacing?Due to the fact that…On account of….Unit 7 Human and Nature1.Which of the following statements is NOT correct in terms of language appropriateness inpresentation.You may choose formal or informal words in presentation according to your own preference. 2.Parallel structures are highly recommended to speakers in persuasive speech for ______.all of the above3.What is the language feature of the sentence: Books are to mankind what memory is toindividual?Analogy4.Which of the following are effective ways to modify and monitor your language in presentations?Revise your script and slides several times after completing the draft.Rehearse your presentation and have someone evaluate your performance.Record your own speech and transcribe it so as to identify your grammatical mistakes.Raise awareness of your ‘recurrent’ grammatical mistakes so that you will be more cautious in your presentation.5.Which of the following are appropriate recovery phrases to correct any mistakes in yourpresentation?Let me just say that in another way, ...Put another way, this means...What I mean to say is...Perhaps I can rephrase that.Unit 8 Globalization1.Which of the following is NOT the correct response if embarrassing silence occurs in Q & Asession?Wait and Wait and Wait till someone offers a question. /Sing a song for the audience.2.What should you do if you feel nervous on the stage?Tell yourself that you are the authority, and most of the audience are friendly to you.3.What is the correct sequence in “Debate Format”?Case construction, Counter-case construction, Refutation and Closing speeches.4.What are the key elements in delivering an informative presentation?Effective ways to achieve smooth transition, monitor your language, and handle Q & A in your presentation.Designing your PowerPoint slides smartly: Display only the main and significant points.Structuring your presentation with an opening and introduction to catch the audience’s attention;a body structure to build clear and logic relationship of the ideas; an ending part summarizingkey elements and key appeal of your presentation impressively.Preparing your presentation: Don’t forget your Take-Home message.5.What are the three key elements in a public speech?LanguageContent。
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀英文回答：Public Speaking and Debate; Essential Advice for Speech Delivery。
Public speaking and debate can be daunting tasks, but with the right preparation and practice, it is possible to deliver a speech that captivates your audience. Here are essential tips for effective speech delivery:1. Know Your Audience:Knowing your audience is key to tailoring your speechto their interests and needs. Consider their age, education level, background, and any specific interests they may have. This will help you choose appropriate language, examples, and tone.2. Structure Your Speech:A well-structured speech has a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Start with a strong hook that grabs attention, then provide a brief overview of what you willbe discussing. In the body, develop your main points logically, supporting them with evidence and examples. End with a powerful conclusion that summarizes your key points and leaves a lasting impression.3. Practice, Practice, Practice:The more you practice your speech, the more confident and polished you will become. Practice in front of a mirror or with a trusted friend or family member. Pay attention to your pacing, volume, and body language. Aim to soundnatural and conversational, while also projecting yourvoice clearly.4. Use Body Language Effectively:Body language can convey just as much meaning as your words. Stand up straight, make eye contact with youraudience, and use gestures to emphasize your points. Avoid fidgeting or distracting movements, as these can weaken your credibility.5. Engage Your Audience:Keep your audience engaged by interacting with them throughout your speech. Ask questions, share personal anecdotes, or use humor to connect with them. Encourage audience participation if possible, such as asking for a show of hands or inviting them to share their thoughts.6. Adapt to the Situation:Be prepared to adapt your speech to different situations. If the audience is smaller than expected, you may need to adjust your volume and pace. If the environment is noisy, you may need to speak more loudly or use a microphone. Stay flexible and make adjustments as needed.7. Handle Nervousness:It is normal to feel nervous before giving a speech. Use deep breathing techniques or meditation to calm your nerves. Focus on connecting with your audience rather than your fears. Remember that the more you practice, the more confident you will become.Additional Tips:Use visual aids sparingly to enhance your speech without distracting from it.Be authentic and passionate about your topic. Your enthusiasm will be contagious.Dress appropriately for the occasion.Arrive early to familiarize yourself with the speaking environment.Be respectful of other speakers and audience members.Remember, public speaking and debate are skills thatcan be developed with practice. By following these tips,you can deliver speeches that inform, persuade, and inspire your audience.中文回答：演讲与辩论；说话的要诀。
英语演讲与辩论教程
英语演讲与辩论教程英语演讲与辩论教程。
追求，是成功之本。
当要在大场合下进展发言时，我们需要为演讲做好充足的准备。
演讲稿可以帮助更好的掌握演讲时间，想要写好一篇优秀的演讲稿是该如何写呢？以下就是WTT 给大家搜集整理的“英语演讲与辩论教程”，，希望您可以喜欢并分享！篇一：英语演讲与辩论Online games impact on youngsters Recent years, many youngsters including lots of college students are addicted to puter games. They ignore that their main task is studying. Some youngsters even play puter games day and night. They don’t have any other hobbies except puter games. Their GpA is so loputer games is so beautiful and colorful that they even can’t dist inguish e to class, the other are playing games instead of having classes. parents told their children that they shall study hard at school etimes can alleviate fatigue, but youngsters can’t beaddicted to it municate or deliver a speech.This League plete the task petition at certain times. Other aspects of them e evident that the other team’s must fall due to the folloing up me repeat me rephrase what I said.让我重申刚刚所说的。
英语演讲与辩论1.
How to write effective speechesLearning how to write a speech needn't be a nail biting experience! First of all, you need the overview or outline of the speech. If you haven't gotten one, check these guidelines on how to prepare a speech outline. Before starting writing ,you should figure out the five major aspects:Who,When ,What, Where ,Why and How. They can be expanded in details as follows :1. Who ---am I speaking to --- audienceThe main consideration in a speech is always your audience. A good speech is never written from only the speaker's point of view.Make sure that you select someone who represents the majority. (you can call him John in your mindThat is they are struggling to comprehend you at the bottom of your scale or light-years ahead at the top. In a word, if a speaker is a salesman ,then audiences are the customers----your god! a Write down everything you know about the audience,such as age , education ,etc..b Understand what they will be interested in --- examples, content, stories, etc.c identify the number of people, age group, gender, ethnicity (if appropriate, common uniting factors, and specific interests they might have.2. What --- is the subject --- general or specificAs a speaker, you must make it clear that:a Are you positive or negative about it? Or neither?b What statement do you want to make?c What you are going to present?It may even include the effect you want to make on the audience3. How ---are you going to showa How long will the speech keep on? A short speech within 5 minutes or long speeche ? Or long speech?.b How will you clarify it? Which will you prefer to make it ,by one or more major themes?4. When --- is your speech? -9Am.? Just before lunch?Sometimes it seems nothing serious ,but if you take it into consideration ,you may keep yourself away from a lot of troubles. You can put yourself from the standpoint of audiences, and know more about their feelings through simulative thoughts in your mind. Finally you can adjust your speech.5. Where --- is the physical layout of the room and the speaking area?a Will they see me easily?b Will they hear my clearly?c Is the microphone needed?d Is there a place to put my note?e Are there technological resources?After having a clear goal of your work ,you can easily decide the theme of your speech. And the following is the steps to finish a prepared speech. Step1: looking for, selecting and refining the speech materials On the whole, the intention of the combination of materials is based on the keynote speaker.First, gather all relevant materials and arguments, including the presentation of the facts and other necessary materials, demonstration materials and reference materials.Second is the choice of material. Filter out to the point, the typical, interesting and fresh material; abandon the old, non-representative, overused ones.Then extract material. Before you put them as part of yourmanuscript ,you must verify the authenticity and accuracy of the material. You should tap the circumstances from these chosen materials, such as the character's language, action, heart activities ,etc.Step 2:extracting the title of speechIs the title of my presentation attractive? A good start is half done. So it is with speech. Lecture title reflects extraordinary head start. It appeals the audience and leaves the first impression on them. Audiences often want to hear a lecture because of the title.Title language should be simple, concise and easy to sing. Speech title does not mean the theme.If the theme is like the heart of the speech, then the title is like the eyes of speech.Step3: the writing of speechThis part includes the central argument of the speech, the sub-arguments, and the filtered materials to "pigtails" . It clarifies the logical link among the various points ,the size of the designed presentation level and the order to compile the summary . The vertical structure may be divided as follows:1 The beginning should be fascinating and unconventionalThe beginning of a speech should strive to get the audiences’ attention quickly .You can set it as a suspense ,or just get straight to the point . You can raise several questions ,or simply begin with an allegorical story, an aphorisms,an introduction of a relevant background, motivation or purpose of the speech.For example,clever as Martin, he begins his world famous speech "I Have A Dream" as "Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation... ." With no superfluous words,just get straight to the topic with backgrounds.2 The main body of the manuscriptAs important as the beginning and the ending ,the body is the leadingactor.You do not have to write down everything you're going to say but you do need to write down the sequence of ideas to ensure they are logical and easily followed.Remember to explain or illustrate your point with examples from your research.(*Tip: If this is your first speech, the safety net of having everything written down could be just what you need. It's easier to recover from a patch of jitters when you have a full set of notes than if you have nothing or just a bare outline.At least there are two special modes:mode of argument structure and narrative structure model.1 Argumentative structure model. That is arranged in the structure of ordinary paper. By asking the questions, analyzing arguments, and concluding that three parts. The problem is usually the order structure, analysis and demonstration in the middle.2 Narrative structure model. Psychologist clues to the audiences that the structure of the arrangements mainly impress the audiences in the fun, emotion , like the story beginsin a novel. Obvious separation of issues, arguments and conclusions of the various parts in the narrative thrust of the proposal revealed; describe a few things or timesequence, or space-order, proceeding from the purpose of engagingarrangements. Speech may be composed of several paragraphs, according to time order, alphabetical order parts. Put it in the general pattern of speech, compared with the structure. Do not assume because you know what you're talking about the person you've chosen to represent your audience will know too. a Check the tone of your language. Is it right for the occasion, subject matter and your audience? b Check the length of your sentences. If they're too long or complicated you risk losing your listeners. Will everybody well understand your words? There are 5 cent words and $5.00 words. Why use a $5.00 one when a 5 cent one tells it better?' Example: He 'spat' = 5 cents. He'expectorated' = $5.00.Read what you've written out loudly.If it flows naturally, continue the process with your next main idea. If it doesn't, rework.Remember that you are writing oral language. You are writing as if you were explaining, telling or showing something to someone. It doesn't have to be perfect sentences. We don't talk like that. We use whole sentences ,part ones and we mix them up with asides or appeals. For example, 'Did you get that? Of course you did.Right...Let's move it along. I was saying ...' 3 The ending The ending of the entire speech to the audience is left to a full, clear idea, and strive to be revealed. It should point the subject and wok as induction.The basic requirement of a good ending is to mention hope and express passion. According to theme of your speech ,you can make it as a summary style, a call type, or oath ceremony as well as a wished the ceremony. A provoking ending may win extra credits for your speech. Example: The desired outcome of a speech persuading people to vote for you in an upcoming election is that they do so. You can help that outcome along by calling them to register their support by signing a prepared pledge statement as they leave.。
大学mooc国际交流英文演讲与辩论(湖南大学)章节测验期末考试答案
解忧书店JieYouBookshop第一单元检测1单选(2分)The most important feature of good arguments in a debate should be_______.A.optimisticB.passionateC.movingD.logical正确答案：D你选对了2单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT an informative presentation?A.An expert educating the audience on life saving skills.B.A company explaining a new product to the public at a conference.C.An engineer reporting the progress of his project.D.A famous schoolmate persuading college graduates to study abroad.正确答案：D你选对了3单选(2分)The followings are the main benefits of a debate except ________.A.helping people make informed decisionsB.helping people become more passionateC. helping people cooperateD.helping people know more about the world正确答案：B你选对了4多选(2分)If a university administrator is to introduce the campus and facilities to overseas students studying at the university, which of the following should he consider while preparing for the presentation?___________ (多选题）.A.Height of the overseas students.B.Interests of the overseas students.C. Languages of the overseas students.D.Majors of the overseas students.正确答案：B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)With the motion “Foreign university rankings should not be the decisive factor in choosing a school”, which perspectives should you consider when preparing the debate? (多选）A.Reasons for applying current standard.B. Recommendation of other choices.C.Advantages and disadvantages of the current standard.D.General criterion of most college students in choosing a foreign university.0.50/2.00正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which one is with the greatest importance when preparing for an informative presentation?A.Considering presentation organizationB. Setting take-home messageC.Customizing the presentation for the audienceD.None of the above正确答案：B你选对了2单选(2分)A good speech requires a clear structure and ______.A.logical reasoningB.a lot of gesturesrmal languageD.a humorous beginning正确答案：A你选对了5多选(2分)If an education exchange institution is making a speech attracting more people to join their overseas study program, which of the following should be included in the speech? (多选）A. Advantages of their programs.B.Successful experiences of their overseas study program.C.Benefits of studying abroad.D. Loneliness of overseas students.该题无法得分/2.00正确答案：A、B、C你错选为D第二单元检测1单选(2分)You’d better put __________ in your slides.A.simple phrases and key wordsB.the whole passageC.paragraphsplete and long sentences正确答案：A你选对了2单选(2分)When the debater says: “My partner and I have come up with some definitions to further clarify this round. Our first definition is death. We define it as both brain and cardiac death. Our seconddefinition is organs. …”, what is the debater doing?A.Arguing with the other team member.B. Making a conclusion.C.Doing motion defining.D.Arguing with his own team member.正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)The following terms should be defined in the motion “AI will take the place of language teachers in China in the future.” except for________.A.placeB.AIC.futureD. language teachers正确答案：A你选对了4多选(2分)Jimmy was practicing a speech with his friends. He was told that his gestures were not appropriate. Which of the following behavior of Jimmy should be avoided to make good gestures in a speech?A.give a gesture while emphasizing something.B.wave his two hands high above his head.C. put his hand in and out of pocket frequently.D.make gestures just in front of his face.正确答案：B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)With the motion “Beauty contests should be abolished”, the debater may define the motion as “The beauty contests whose contestants are under 18 should not be allowed”. Which of the following steps have been taken in this process?A.The literal meaning of the term “beauty contests” is given as “ competitions traditionally focusing on judging and ranking the physical attributes of the contestants”.B.The literal meaning of the term “be abolished” is given as “ not be allowed”.C.The key te rm “beauty contests” is narrowed down as “the beauty contests whose contestants are under 18”.D.The key words “ beauty contests” and “abolished” are located.正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which of the following statements is NOT right about body language?A.Eye contact can enhance speaker’s impact as a presenter.B.Smile has the function of covering up the nervousness of speaker.C.The speaker’s facial expressions should match his/her emotion.D.The speaker should always smile even when he/she expresses the emotion ofpity.正确答案：D你选对了2单选(2分)If you feel too nervous to look into the eyes of the audience, you may look at ____.A.the audience’s handsB.the ceilingC. the audience’s nosesD.the ground正确答案：C你选对了4多选(2分)If you are to design PowerPoint slides with the topic of “AI and my future career”, what should be the main parts in your slides?A.Powerful headline: AI: A helping hand in my career.B.Key message: Learning to work with AI in my future career.C.Preview/review slide (outlines indicating why and how to work with AI).D.A complete movie.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了第三单元检测1单选(2分)If an informative presentation starts with: “Every second, a slice of rainforest, the size of a football field, is mowed down. That's over 31 million football fields of rainforest each year”, what opening method is used?ing a ‘what if’ scenario.B.Giving quotations.C.Giving questions.D.Giving statistics.正确答案：D你选对了2单选(2分)If an informative presentation starts with: “The idea of buying low and selling high is wrong!”, what opening method is used?A.Giving a provocative statement.B.Giving questions.C. Giving pictures.D. Using the word ‘imagine’.正确答案：A你选对了3单选(2分)When you announce your opinion in your spee ch, you’d better___________ .A.keep your pace of speech unchangedB.speed up a bitC.lower the volume of your voiceD.slow down a bit正确答案：D你选对了多选(2分)When you stand on the stage, delivering a speech with a microphone, which of the following is NOT appropriate?(多选）A.Take a deep breath before you start speaking.B.Hold the microphone directly to your mouth.C.Shout with the largest volume.D.Murmur to yourself.正确答案：B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following are possible benefits of taking a budget tour?A.Broadening one’s horizon.B.Learning to be independent.C.Experiencing different cultureD.Seeing different people.0.50/2.00正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D3单选(2分)If you are going to tell your audience a story about your childhood, and create ancozy and warm atmosphere, you should ________.A.speed up and rise the volumeB.speed up and decrease the volumeC.slow down and speak softlyD.slow down and speak firmly with power正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)When the debater says, “ According to the newly released resear ch by WHO, about 600 millionChinese are short-sighted,” he/she is talking from the perspective of _________.A.changing importanceB.decreasing importanceC.quantitative significanceD.qualitative significance正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)If a presenter says, “Today I’d like to tell you about three smart ways to save your money while traveling. In my brief presentation we’ll begin by . . . Then I’ll give another smart way . . . and finally I’d like to talk about . . .”, he is giving______.A.a debateB.an openingC.a conclusionD.an introduction正确答案：D你选对了第四单元检测1单选(2分)While presenting the topic “Chinese ancient culture and Indian ancient culture”, the speaker first reports Chinese ancient culture with four main features and its history, then introduces those of Indian ancient culture. Which pattern does the speaker apply to make comparison and contrast in this presentation?A.Point-by-subject pattern.B.Subject-by-point pattern.C.Subject-by-subject pattern.D.Point-by-point pattern.正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)When introducing to a tour group to America about what they should do when encountering any emergencies or other problems, which of the following body structures might the speaker use?A.Problem-solution order.B.Topical order.C.Cause-effect order.parison and contrast.正确答案：A你选对了3单选(2分)For the motion: Museums should return their collected artifacts to the home countries, when the oppositional team says:" if the motion is implemented, museums will be discouraged from collecting artifacts, then a lot of first-class artwork might get lost", the team is to present _______ that might be caused by the motion.ck of moneyB.counterplanck of authorityD.physical injury正确答案：D你选对了4多选(2分)When the speaker gives the hypothesis that Chinese young people are more and more concerned about national culture, which of the following evidence might be used to support the hypothesis? (多选）A.Young people are increasingly interested in practising calligraphy and Chinese painting.B.Campus interviews indicate that majorities of young people are aware of their responsibility in inheriting national culture.C.A large number of young people are seen in TV programs exhibiting their knowledge of Chinese classic poems.D.Han Chinese clothing (汉服）has become more and more popular in some community activities ofyoung people.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Usually in the ending part of a speech, speakers would choose to refer back to the lead-in part. What are the benefit(s) of doing that?A.It will help your audience recall your speech.B.It will leave a strong final impression on the audience.C.It will help re-emphasize your main idea.D.It will give a sense of connection and closure.0.50/2.00正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D2单选(2分)When designing a question for the beginning part of your speech, you should_______.A.choose a question according to your own preference.B.raise a very difficult question to your audience.C.make up a question based on the audience analysisD.invent a new question that has never been asked before.正确答案：C你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following stories can support the idea “the Chinese culture will be carried forward in the era of globalization” in a public speech?A.Chinese senior citizens take square dancing as one of their favorite activities.B.The young generation in China celebrate both Christmas and Spring Festival.C.Foreigners are increasingly interested in Martial arts and Confucianism.D.Some famous Chinese calligraphy and ink painting works are displayed in well-known museums around the world.正确答案：B、C、D你错选为D第五单元检测1单选(2分)In a survey report on the present situation of females in the job market, the presenter says: “We recommend that successful females should share their experience and influence more females with their positive values and power.” Which of the following techniques are applied here in this ending part?A.making a summaryB.giving a commentC.suggesting a solutionD.making a prediction正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)Which of the following are “representative” s tories in a speech?A.Stories frequently used in famous speeches.B.Stories of fantasy.C.Typical stories supporting the key idea.D.Stories familiar to most people.正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)Suppose the propositional case is: Women should quit their jobs and become stay-at-home moms, which of the following arguments is the most important and should be attacked?A. It is harder or even impossible for women to balance housework and their jobs nowadays for some reasons.B.It’s easier for stay-at-home moms to build a harmonious relationship in the family.C.Whether women should stay at home is decided by their working abilities.D.Women are born to be housewives.正确答案：A你选对了4多选(2分)Michelle uses the story of her daughters’ first day at new school to persuade the public to vote for Hillary because she knows________________.A.the story is representative and most American families may have similar worriesB.the story is relevant to the purpose of voting for a president who cares about childrenC.the details include d in the story can help create vivid picture of insecurity in the audience’s mindD.the story can build resonance in her audience’s mind for most of her audience are middle-aged women.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following is the right way to refute in a debate?A.Attacking relevance.B.Attacking impact.C.Attacking motion defining.D.Attacking logical leap.0.66/2.00正确答案：A、B、D你错选为D3单选(2分)Which of the following are NOT right about choosing stories in a speech?A.Apply some humor in storiese as many stories as possbile.C.Avoid overriding storiesD.Include detail in stories正确答案：B你选对了2单选(2分)When the speaker ends the presentation by saying: “Every day girls around the world are fighting for their freedom. On this International Day of the Girl, join them and raise your voice”, the speaker is using the technique of ________.A.quotationB.rhetorical questionsC.storyD.call for action正确答案：D你选对了4多选(2分)Which of the following are appropriate in restating ideas in the ending part of a presentation?A.Adopting different sentence patterns.B.Keeping the key words.ing synonymous expressions.D.Repeating the same sentences in introduction.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了第六单元检测1单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT correct about using data in your speech?A.To help the audience better understand the data, you need to situate them in a familiar context.B.Your data should be updated.e data as much as possible since they are convincing.D.You may simplify some data so that your audience can get them quickly.正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)By saying “Then, we can safely conclude that the self-employment will lead to even more seriouseconomic and social problems...”, the debater is making a refutation by_______.A.impactingB.replacingC.refutingD.repeating正确答案：A你选对了3单选(2分)Motion: College graduates should be encouraged to be self-employed.Argument: Job security keeps decreasing nowadays. Even if a college graduate finds a stable job, it is highly possible for him to lose it after a period of time.Which of the following sentences might the debater use to repeat, or identify the argument he is going to refute?A.As is mentioned by the propositional side, jobs are no longer as stable as they once were,...B.So, we believe that jobs are no longer as stable as they once were...C.Due to the fact that jobs are no longer as stable as they once were, ...D.However from our perspective, jobs are no longer as stable as they once were...正确答案：A你选对了4多选(2分)Where should we use transitions?A.At the beginning of the presentation.B.All of the above.C.In the body of the presentation.D.At the end of the presentation.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)When you use a quotation to support your idea, you need to take into considerationwhether______. (多选）A.you have identified the person you quoteB.the quotation is directly linked to the ideaC.the quotation is world famous.D.the quotation is easy to understand正确答案：A、B、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which sentence can be used to get th e audience’s attention with an intriguing beginning?A.My presentation is in three parts.B.I’d now like to move on to…C.Today, we are going to talk about…D.Have you ever thought about…?正确答案：D你选对了5多选(2分)Which expressions of transition can be used to emphasize the main points of your presentation? (多选）A.By the end of the presentation, you will understand...B.This ties in with the most important statement...C.As you remember, we are concerned with...D.This relates directly to the question I put to you before...正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D5多选(2分)Which of the following expressions are appropriate in leading to the third step of refutation: Replacing? (多选）A.On account of….B.Because ..C.Due to the fact that…D.However from our perspective…该题无法得分/2.00正确答案：A、B、C你错选为D第七单元检测1单选(2分)Which of the following statements is NOT correct in terms of language appropriateness in presentation.A.If your audience do not have professional knowledge, you’d better paraphrase the technical terms with general terms, or add translation to the technical terms.B.Avoid using any offensive terms in your presentation such as “fat”, “stupid”, etc.C.You may choose formal or informal words in presentation according to your own preference.D.In some formal settings, such as academic presentations, you might want to use more formal words than informal expressions.正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)When the speaker wants to add balance and rhythm to sentences, and give ideas a smoother flow by repetition, he usually uses the method of_______.A.quotationB.storytellingC.parallel structureD.analogy正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)Parallel structures are highly recommended to speakers in persuasive speech for ______.A.listing itemsB.all of the aboveC.calling for actionsD.reaching climax正确答案：B你选对了4多选(2分)Which of the following are effective ways to modify and monitor your language in presentations? (多选）A.Raise awareness of your ‘recurrent’ grammatical mistakes so that you will be more cautious in your presentation.B.Rehearse your presentation and have someone evaluate your performance.C.Revise your script and slides several times after completing the draft.D.Record your own speech and transcribe it so as to identify your grammatical mistakes.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following are appropriate recovery phrases to correct any mistakes in your presentation?A.Perhaps I can rephrase that.B.Let me just say that in another way, ...C.Put another way, this means...D.What I mean to say is...正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)If you are going to point out a fallacy, you should start by saying:________.A.There is a fallacy: it is really insane to say…B.If you are smart enough, you would see there is a fallacy…C.There is a fallacy: it is really stupid to say…D.It is a fallacy that…正确答案：D你选对了2For the argument that “peak oil means that we need nuclear power as a substitute”, how should we point out that it is a fallacy?A.It is a fallacy because oil is safer than nuclear power.B.It is a fallacy because oil is mainly burnt for transport while nuclear power for electricity and they serve different purposes.C.It is a fallacy because oil is cheaper than nuclear power.D.It is a fallacy because oil and nuclear power are different things.正确答案：B你选对了3单选(2分)What is the language feature of the sentence: Books are to mankind what memory is to individual?A.Data.B.Analogy .C.None of the above.D.Parallel structure.正确答案：B你选对了第八单元检测1单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT the reason for the speaker to repeat or paraphrase the question before giving the answer?A.It gives the speaker time to figure out what answer the audience expect.B.It gives the speaker time to read between the lines so as to totally understand the question.C.It can help to extend the presentation a little longer.D.It can help to make sure that the audience get and understand the question.正确答案：C你选对了2What should you do if you feel nervous on the stage?A.Try to finish the speech as soon as possible.B.Lower your voice so that no one would find any mistakes.C.Tell yourself that you are the authority, and most of the audience are friendly to you.D.Avoid eye contact with the audience.正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)What is the correct sequence in “Debate Format”?A.Refutation, Case construction, Counter-case construction and Closing speeches.B.Case construction, Counter-case construction, Refutation and Closing speeches.C.Counter-case construction, Refutation, Case construction and Closing speeches.D.Case construction, Refutation, Counter-case construction, and Closing speeches.正确答案：B你选对了4多选(2分)What are the key elements in delivering an informative presentation?A.Effective ways to achieve smooth transition, monitor your language, and handle Q & A in your presentation.B.Designing your PowerPoint slides smartly: Display only the main and significant points.C.Structuring your presentation with an opening and introduction to catch the audience’s attention;a body structure to build clear and logic relationship of the ideas; an ending part summarizing key elements and key appeal of your presentation impressively.D.Preparing your presentation: Don’t forget your Take-Home message.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)What are the three key elements in a public speech?A.DeliveryB.PassionC.Contentnguage正确答案：A、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT the correct response if embarrassing silence occurs in Q & A session?A.Ask the audience: Do you agree with me in saying that...?B.Say directly “A question that people often ask me is…”, then proceed with one of the questions you’ve prepared in advance and spend time answering it.C.Wait and Wait and Wait till someone offers a question. /Sing a song for the audience.D.Go to a specific point you made in your presentation; ask your audience: What do you think of the idea that...?正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)By saying “And now let me conclude today’s debate by comparing two major clashes and find out why propositional side did a better job...”, the debater is _____.A.demonstrating the superiority of his side in the clashesB.providing an honest and accurate comparisonC.refuting the arguments offered by the other sideD.highlighting the importance of contributions made by his side正确答案：B你选对了期末考试1单选(2分)If a university administrator is to introduce the campus and facilities to overseas students studying at the university, which of the following should NOT be considered while he prepares for the presentation?A.Majors of the overseas students.B.Height of the overseas students.C.Interests of the overseas students.nguages of the overseas students.正确答案：B你选对了2单选(2分)The main purpose of opening in an informative presentation is to _________.A.outline the presentationB.grab the audience’s attentionC.suggest a solution to a problemD.answer the questions of the audience正确答案：B你选对了3单选(2分)Which of the following statements is NOT right about body language?A.The speaker should just stare at a familiar face among the audience if he/she feels too nervous all the time.B.Eye contact can enhance speaker’s impact as a presenter.C.The speaker’s facial expressions should match his/her emotion.D.Smile has the function of covering up the nervousness of speaker.正确答案：A你选对了4单选(2分)Which of the following is right about choosing stories in a speech?A.Apply as many details in a story as possible.B.Avoid overriding stories.e as many stories as possible.D.Never apply old stories.正确答案：B你选对了5单选(2分)Which is NOT right about parallel structures?A.Parallel structures are at the best service when speakers want to help audience to reach the climax of their emotion.B.Parallel structures are of great help when speakers want to call for action.C.Parallel structures should not be used at the end of the speech.D.Parallel structures are highly recommended when speakers want to list items.正确答案：C你选对了6单选(2分)What should the debater refute?A.Minor arguments.B. Weak arguments.C.Every argument.D.Important arguments.正确答案：D你选对了7单选(2分)Which of the following is right in describing a fallacy?A.A fallacy is something people laugh at.B.A fallacy is a story in an argument.C.A fallacy is the interesting reasoning in an argument.D.A fallacy is a logical mistake.正确答案：D你选对了8单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT the benefit of a debate ?A.Teamwork spirit would be promoted.B.People will become more passionate with debate.rmed decisions will be easier to make.D.The world will be better understood.正确答案：B你选对了9单选(2分)Alan is required to give a speech to introduce the latest development of AI next week. This is a(n) ______ speech.A.ceremonialB.unpreparedC.persuasivermative正确答案：D你选对了10单选(2分)When do you need to slow down a little bit and speak firmly and loudly in a speech?A.When telling the audience a humorous story.B.When telling the audience a sad story.C.When telling the audience an interesting story.D.When emphasizing your topic sentence.正确答案：D你选对了11单选(2分)When you decide to put a question in your speech to arouse the audience’s interest, you should _______.A.stand on their shoes to see whether the question is too easy or too difficultB.try your best to challenge themC.give the simplest question to make sure they know the answerD.give them a question that they could not answer正确答案：A你选对了12单选(2分)While delivering a speech with a microphone, you should ________.A.put the microphone near to your mouth as close as possibleB.shout out with the largest volumeC.murmur to yourselfD.put the microphone near to your mouth but with a distance of about 3-5cm正确答案：D你选对了13多选(2分)Which of the following are the main functions of transitions in a presentation?A.Helping the audience follow your presentation easily.B.Indicating the relationship between points of your presentation.C.Indicating the information structure of your presentation.D.Summarizing main idea of the presentation.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了14多选(2分)Raymond makes a speech in front of the class. He is told that that his gestures have made his classmates feel uncomfortable. Which of the followings will be helpful when practicing gestures? A.Wave his two hands high above his head frequently in order to push the audience’s emotion to the climax.B.Wave his two hands just in front of the face.C.Give a gesture while emphasizing a point.D.Avoid too many gestures.正确答案：C、D你选对了15多选(2分)If you are to design PowerPoint slides with the topic of “AI and my future career”, which of the following should be included as the main parts in your slides?A.Preview/review slide (outlines indicating why and how to work with AI).B.A complete passage about AI.C.Key message: Learning to work with AI in my future career.D.A complete movie about AI.正确答案：A、C你选对了16多选(2分)When the speaker gives the hypothesis that national culture has been valued by more and more Chinese young people, which of the following evidence might be used to support the hypothesis? (多选）A.Young people are increasingly interested in practising calligraphy and Chinese painting.B.The number of women dancing in the square with the folk music has increased a lot.C.Han Chinese clothing (汉服）has become more and more popular in some community activities of young people.D.A large number of young people are seen in TV programs exhibiting their knowledge of Chinese ancient poems.正确答案：A、C、D你选对了17多选(2分)Why do most speakers usually repeat or paraphrase the question before giving the answer?A.It gives the speaker time to figure out what answer the audience expect.B.It can help to make sure that the audience get and understand the question.C.It gives the speaker time to read between the lines so as to totally understand the question.D.It can help to make the presentation last a little longer.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了18多选(2分)Which of the following are the responsibilities of the last debater when making a debate summary?A.To refute the extension offered by the opponent.B.To summarize the debate from the perspective of his side.C.To give new arguments for his side.D.To defend the extension offered by his side.正确答案：A、B、D你选对了。
英语演讲与辩论教程
英语演讲与辩论教程篇一：英语演讲与辩论Online games impact on youngstersRecent years, many youngsters including lots of college students are addicted to computer games. They ignore that their main task is studying. Some youngsters even play computer games day and night. They don’t have any other hobbies except computer games. Their GPA is so low that they are facing the danger of expelled from school.For the students themselves who play online games all the day, they feel itexcited when playing games. The world of the computer games is so beautiful and colorful that they even can’t distinguish what is the virtual world and what is the real world. Games seemed like everything of their life. They can give up studying, give up having a meal, give up sleeping, give up making friends with others, give up staying with family, but what they can't give up is playing games.However, their teachers and parents are worried about this. Teachers don't want to see the scene that their students are thinking about how to play games in the class. Usually, just a part of students come to class, the other are playing games instead of having classes. Parents told their children that they shall study hard at school when their childrenleave home. But what upsets the parents is that the children are just playing online games at school.Online game sometimes can alleviate fatigue, but youngsters can’t beaddicted to it which will damage their study and their health, even their future. So for a youngster, you must get the balance between online games and your study, your health, your family, your future!篇二：英语演讲与辩论社团社团建立刍议辽宁省实验中学北校区初中部英语演讲与辩论社团English public speaking & debate League of Liao ning province Shiyan middle school (junior middle school in thenorth section)一、社团宗旨The aim of the English public speaking & debate League英语演讲与辩论社团的宗旨是：Through debate and public speaking the oral English and logical way of thinking of the students’ will be improved; the horizon will be broadened; the spirit will be enlightened. It will enable them to think and judge in real situations by means of English, by the way, their will find confidence when communicate or deliver a speech.This League will fully take th e role of students’ secondclass, in this way, a common ground will be established for the students to give them a chance to know and learn from each other and gain friendship there. 通过辩论、演讲等活动形式加强社员的英语口语表达能力和逻辑思辨能力、开阔社员视野，启迪社员心智。
（完整版）英语辩论赛常用词汇和表达法汇总
（完整版）英语辩论赛常用词汇和表达法汇总英语辩论赛常用词汇和表达法汇总辩论赛English debating Competition辩论赛事debating event主办host\manage议会制辩论形式preliamentary debating style循环赛preliminary debate淘汰赛elimination debate八分之一决赛octofinals四分之一决赛quarterfinals半决赛semifinals决赛grand final正方pro side反方con side正方一辩the first debater of pro side反方一辩the second debater of con side计时员timekeeper评委打分score the competition定义要合理the definition should be reasonable素材要有说服力matter should be persuasive没有平局there is no draws in competitive commpetition一辩：first debater二辩：second debater对方辩友，my fellow debaters开始的陈词，Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.....如果想要驳斥对方的逻辑，进行假设：according to your logicYou are missing the point！（你没有说重点！你没有围绕中心！即，他在钻洞子，这个时候他很有可能会说漏。
注意，要用are，不能说成You're，因为这样语气，士气就没有了。
）You just don't understand what we talked about！（你根本就没有明白我们刚说了什么！即：误解了，曲解了）You know what? You are straying from the main point！你知道吗？你已经跑题了！（也要注意，都用You are）自由辩论的阶段，可以在他在说的时候，插进去，说“Wait！Wait！You just said……，did you？”（当然这句话要用在，你发现对方说的不正确时~~）You are generalizing what I asked！(你在以偏盖全！即：我要你回答这个，但对方你绕过去了！)Please ask my question！（请不要回避我的问题！请你回答！！）英语辩论赛常用语A征求他人观点或意见的用语I would be glad to hear your opinion of …我很乐意听听你对……的意见。
英语辩论总结陈词模板_总结关键词
英语辩论总结陈词模板_总结关键词
开场白：
尊敬的评委、各位观众，
我要感谢我的辩友们的支持和合作，在这次辩论中，我们共同努力，积极发言，为我们的观点进行了深入辩论。
我也要感谢对方团队的精彩演讲，你们提出了一些有价值的观点，让我们更好地思考和回应。
观点一：
我们认为…（再次强调自己的观点，重点陈述理由和证据）
观点三：
我们还提到了…（进一步展开论述，说明对方论点的不足）
对方观点的回应：
尽管对方的观点在某些方面有一定的合理性，但我们认为…（接着对对方观点进行有力的回应）
总结观点：
我们团队在这次辩论中提出了多个观点和论证，并通过丰富的事实和数据对其进行了支持，我们相信自己的观点更加正确和有说服力。
总结陈词：
我要再次感谢评委和观众们的关注和支持。
这次辩论给予了我们团队一个宝贵的机会去展示自己的观点和表达能力，同时也让我们更加深入地了解和思考相关的问题。
无论结果如何，我们都将继续努力，不断学习和提高自己。
谢谢！。
英语辩论演讲技巧（2）
英语辩论演讲技巧（2）7.考核要求及标准w辩论技巧：辩手语言是否流畅，说理、分析是否透彻，反驳和应变能力是否强，说服力和逻辑性是否强。
w内容：论点和论据内容是否正确、充实，引用资料和实例是否恰当。
w风度和幽默感：辩手的表情、动作是否恰当，是否有风度及幽默感。
w自由辩论：各队在自由辩论中的识辩能力、说明能力和逻辑性是否强，接句是否合适，回答是否中肯，反驱是否有力、有理，反应是否机敏，用语是否得体。
w整体合作：全队各辩手的论点是否一致，结构是否完整，队员之间的配合、合作是否默契。
w个人表现：全队每个辩手的参与度如何，全队辩手的整体实力是否强。
Topic：World Governments Should Conduct Serious Campaigns Against SmokingThe argument : key words1. Definite link: smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease, lung cancer.2. Governments hear, see, smell, no evil.3. A few governments: timid measures.4. E.g. Britain: TV advertising banned; nation’s conscience appeased; cancerous death.5. Official reactions to medical findings: lukewarm.6. Tobacco: source of revenue. E. g. Britain: tobacco tax pays for educations.7. A short- sighted policy.8. Enormous sums spent fighting the disease; lives lost.9. Smoking should be banned altogether.10. We are not ready for such drastic action.11. But governments, if really concerned, should conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns.12. The tobacco industry spends vast sums on advertising.13. Advertising: insidious, dishonest.14. Never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up lungs, only virile young men.15. Smoking associated with great open-air life, beautiful girls, togetherness, Nonsense!16. All advertising should be banned; anti-smoking campaign conducted.17. Smoking should be banned in public places.18. Young people should be warned, dire consequences.19. Warning, death’s head, included in every packet.20. Governments should protect us from ourselves.The counter-argument key words1. There are still scientists who doubt smoking / cancer link.2. People wh o don’t smoke should keep quiet.3. Smoking brings many psychological benefits:4. Relieves stresses of everyday life: provides constant consolation.5. E. g. we smoke when taking exams, worried, bereaved, etc.6. Associated with good living; social contacts made easier.7. Smoking is very enjoyable: relaxing, e.g. with a cup of coffee; after a meal, etc.8. It’s absurd to suggest we ban it after so many hundreds of years.9. Enormous interests involved: governments, tobacco growers, tobacco industries, retail businesses.10. Tax apart, important source of income to many countries:e.g. USA, Rhodesia, Greece, Turkey.11. People should be free to decide, not bullied by governments; banning is undemocratic.12. The tobacco industry spends vast sums on medical research.13. Improved filters have resulted; e.g. Columbia University.14. Now possible to smoke and enjoy it without danger.8. 语言反应训练9.英语绕口令训练1. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.2. A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.3. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.4. A writer named Wright was instructing his little son how to write Wright right. He said: "It is not right to write Wright as 'rite'---try to write Wright aright!"5. Betty Botter had some butter, "But," she said, "this butter's bitter. If I bake this bitter butter, it would make my batter bitter. But a bit of better butter -- that would make my batter better."6. Bill's big brother is building a beautiful building between two big brick blocks.7. He thrusts his fists against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts.8. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood.9. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't thethought I thought I thought.10. If you notice this notice you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.11. If a shipshape ship shop stocks six shipshape shop-soiled ships, how many shipshape shop-soiled ships would six shipshape ship shops stock?12. Sarah sitting in her sitting room, all she does is sits and shifts, all she does is sits and shifts.13. She sells seashells by the sea shore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells.14. Three gray geese in the green grass grazing. Gray were the geese and green was the grass.15. While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington's windows with warm washing water.16. A Finnish fisher named Fisher failed to fish any fish one Friday afternoon and finally he found out a big fissure裂缝in his fishing-net.17. Where is the watch I put in my pocket to take to the shop because it had stopped?18. Mr. Cook said to a cook: "Look at this cook-book. It's very good." So the cook took the advice of Mr. Cook and bought the book.19. How much dew would a dewdrop drop if a dewdrop could drop dew?20. Sandy sniffed sweet smelling sunflower seeds while sitting beside a swift stream.10.英语单词描述训练目的：锻炼学生的语言表达能力、接受能力和理解能力television;fridge;policeman;umbrella;doctor;housewife;taxi;subway;red;bla ck;blue;cup;flower;……9.故事接龙目的：锻炼学生用英语思维、组织语言、表达思想的能力One day, I saw a girl on a bus...The animals in the forest are holding a meeting...I saw a woman in a car accident...用所给词汇讲故事目的：锻炼学生的反应能力、逻辑能力、和语言表达能力flower, butterfly, cryfrog, cloud, horseboy, death, laughTV, president, writer11.个人对抗辩论赛辩题1. If I were the Dean of Foreign Languages Department…2. Planes, Cars, bicycles, or on foot, which do you prefer?3. If I were a reporter, I’d like to cover entertainment news, international news, domestic news, or documentaries.4. If I were a writer, I would focus on … in my novels in this Wenchuan Earthquake.【英语辩论演讲技巧】。
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《英语演讲与辩论复习重点》
一、三种演讲的定义
Introductory speech: The speech is written in manuscript form and is designed to fulfill two purposes.The first is to give you a brief, initial exposure to speaking before an audience.The second is to provide a piece of original prose that can be used to help diagnose your strengths and weakness as a writer.
Informative speech:is the one in which the speaker provide the audience with new and/or useful information about a significant topic. Persuasive speech: This is a speech designed to persuade the audience for or against a question or policy.
二、演讲稿三大板块
1、Introduction
①Relate topic to the audience
②Present the topic to the audience
③Attract attention
④Build credibility
⑤Present main points
2、Conclusion——sum up
3、Body
Informative speech
1)Visual aids
Kinds of visual aid
a.Objects and models
b.Photographs and drawings
c.Graphs
d.Charts
e.Videos
f.The speaker
g.PowerPoint
Tips for preparing visual aids
a.Keep visual aids simple
b.Make sure visual aids are large enough
e fonts that are easy to read
e color effectively
2)Organization pattern
a.Chronological order 时间顺序
b.Spacial order 空间顺序
c.Topical order 话题顺序
Persuasive speech
1)Question of fact
话题顺序
2)Question of value
3)Question of policy（passive agreement & immediate action)
a.Problem-solution pattern order 问题出路法
b. Problem-cause-solution order 问题成因出路法
c. Comparative advantages order 优惠对比法(pros&cons ）
d. Motivated sequence 动机序列法
(seek immediate action and more detailed ）
Five steps of motivated sequence
i. Attention
ii. Need ‘
iii. Satisfaction
iv. Visualization
v. Action
三、Supporting material 的运用 （分析题会用到）
Problems:
1. Foreign languages,foreign laws,customs and regulations
2. Exchange rates varies
3. Numerous cultural differences
4. First-hand accurate information is comparatively hard to obtain. 简单例证 1. Examples 延展例证 假设
⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧
Brief example
Extended example Hypothetical example
2. Statistics
.
a. Use representative statistics
b. Identify the sources of statistics
c. Use statistics from reliable sources
d. Round off complicated statistics
e. Explain statistics
f. Use visual aids to clarify statistics
3. Testimony a. Decide whether to quote or paraphrase
b. Quote or paraphrase accurately
c. Use testimony from qualified sources
⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧Single statistics Multiple statistics
⎪⎩⎪⎨
⎧Expert Peel
e.Identify the people you quote or paraphrase
四、简答
1、Intercultural competence
2、Mental dialogue
3、使用visual aids 的好处`
4、为什么确定specific purpose特别重要
5、为什么道德标准很重要
五、Methods of persuasion
1.Building credibility
1)Factors of credibility
petence
b.Character
2)Enhancing your credibility
a.Explain your competence
b.Establish common ground with your audience
c.Deliver your speeches fluently.expressively and with conviction
ing evidence
e specific evidence
e novel evidence(新颖的）
d.Make clear the point of your evidence
3.Reasoning(is a process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of
evidence）
1)Reasoning from specific instance
(from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion）（归纳）
a.Avoid generalizing too hastily
b.Make sure the instances you present are fair, unbiased and
representative.
c.Reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony.
2)Reasoning from principle
( from a general principle to a specific conclusion)（演绎）
注意：
Causal reasoning
Analogical reasoning
Fallacies
a.Red herring 转移话题（熏青鱼）
（A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion)
b.Ad Hominem 人身攻击
(A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute)
c.Bandwagon 主流思想谬误
(A fallacy that assumes that because something is popular,it is therefore good,correct or desirable)
d.Slippery slope 斜坡谬误（不合理地使用连串的因果关系）(A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented)
4.Appealing to emotions
(When persuasion is the end, passion also must be engaged)
1)Using emotional language
2)Developing vivid examples
3)Speaking with sincerity and conviction
4)Make sure it is appropriate and ethical。