选修八 Unit 1 A Land of Diversity 课文语言点检测
高中英语 选修8 语言点讲解Unit 1 A land of diversity
no distinct major racial
在考试中的成绩不好。
or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，
that
从句。
_I_t_'_s_b_e_li_e_v_e_d_t_h_a_t___ _te_e_n_a_g_e_r_s_w__it_h_o_u_t___ h_a_v_i_n_g__b_r_ea_k__fa_s_t_w__il_l _ _n_o_t_o_n_l_y_f_a_ll_a_s_l_ee_p__
mind. 3．A signal may be given by means of flags, lights, and guns. 4．If you team up with your classmates, you will surely get the
same work done far better. 5．These teenagers don't know much of the world yet; that's
显然地；显而易见地 14．conductor n．(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥→_c_on__d_u_c_t v．
管理 15．slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n．滑动；滑倒 → slippery adj.滑的 16．punishment n．惩罚；处罚→ punish vt.惩罚；处罚
[语境活用]
多种国籍的混合将会非
_e_a_si_l_y_i_n_c_l_a_ss__, but
常之大，以至于不可能存
concentrate less on
在一种明显的、主要的种
选修8_Unit1_A_land_of_diversity language study
7. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
exactly adv. 1. 确切地,精确地;完全地 Tell me exactly where she lives. 2. 恰好地,正好地 That's exactly what I expected. 3. (用于答语)一点不错
probable的主语不能是人。
9. by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法 all means 当然可以；尽一切办法; 不惜一切地 by ____ no means 决不；完全不是 by ____ this means 用这种方法 by ____ Sometimes teachers and parents judge whether by means of what we are good or not simply ____________ grade we get in exams. That’s why we try to get by all means and some even cheat high grades _____________ By this means in exams. _________________ they may get higher grades and please their parents for a while. But then most of them will feel upset or even by no means should we cheat in ashamed. So _____________ exams.
高中英语必修课---Unit 1 A land of diversity语言点知识讲解及巩固练习题
高中英语必修课---Unit1A land of diversity语言点知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）学习目标重点词汇distinction,majority,elect,percentage,boom, occur,indicate,apparently,slip,hire重点短语by means of make a life,team up with,mark out,apply for take in,live on,a great many,keep up重点句型There be+sb.+doing...with复合结构知识讲解重点词汇distinction【原句回放】It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA...加州与众不同之处在于他也是美国最具多元化文化特征的一个州......【点拨】distinction n.区别,差别；卓越常用搭配：make a distinction between把......与......区分开make no distinction没有区别have a distinction of有......与众不同之处with distinction优异地，显著地Mr.Green has the distinction of having been the first president of the famous school.格林先生不同凡响，他是这所著名学校的首任校长。
The law makes no distinction between men and women.这条法律没有男性和女性的区别。
【拓展1】distinct adj.清晰的，明显的，明确的distinguish v.区分，辨别；把......区别分类，使杰出There was a distinct smell of gas when I opened the door.我打开门时有一种明显的煤气味。
课文注释 Unit 1 A Land of Diversity
Unit 1 A land of diversity(Notes to the texts)1 California加利福尼亚。
美国人口最多的州。
位于美国西部太平洋沿岸, 主要城市有洛杉矶、旧金山和圣地亚哥。
终年阳光明媚、气候温和, 是著名的旅游胜地。
2 Native Americans美洲土著人。
他们主要是印第安人。
在西方殖民者15世纪来到之前广泛分布于南北美洲各地。
学者一般认为, 他们的祖先是在上一次冰河期结束之前由亚洲大陆经由白令海峡迁徙来的, 在美洲已生活了一万多年。
3 Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中, 大部分是来向土著人传授天主教的宗教人士。
Catholic religion天主教。
与东正教、新教并列的基督教三大派别之一, 亦称公教。
4 Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了, 但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
the Gold Rush Period淘金热时期。
1848年, 在美国加利福尼亚的萨克拉曼多发现大金矿, 形成了著名的加利福尼亚淘金热。
两年内世界黄金产量倍增, 从此圣弗朗西斯科(San Francisco) 被中国移民称为旧金山。
高中英语人教版选修8教案Unit 1 A land of diversity全单元教案
Unit 1 A land of diversityⅠ. 单元教学目标技能目标Skill Goals▲Talk about the USA▲Talk about (going) places▲Learn the words about the USA▲Learn how to ask questions and make comments▲Learn the usage of the Noun Clauses▲Write an introduction to places▲Stud y the culture and people of the USAⅡ. 目标语言功能句式Talk about (going) placesWhere have you visited recently?When did people first live there?What is the climate like?Why is it so warm / cold / dry / wet there?What’s the population of...?How many nationalities live there?What did you think about the people?What is the most important festival there?How do they celebrate it?What other interesting things did you see?That’s interesting / terrific / marvelous / cool / lovely / beautiful, wonderful!You’re exciting / wonderful. Good / Creative /Fantastic / Super job! 1．四会词汇Strait distinct Arctic means majority ministry Catholic词汇hardship elect federal rail percentage Italy Denmark boom aircraft Korea Korean Pakistan immigration racial crossing vice nephew pole applicant customs socialist occur cattle indicate luggage shave tram apparent apparently brake conductor slip bakery ferry hire seagull angle nowhere punishment justice mourn civil authority reform grasp thankful insert2．认读词汇illustrate, Alaska, prehistoric, immigrant, Hollywood, Laotian, conqueror, cable, Andrew, wharf, Alcatraz3．词组Live on, the Arctic, by means of, make a life, keep up, back to back, team up with, mark out, take in a great/good many, apply for结构Learn to use the Noun Clauses重点句子1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California... P22. Of the first Spanish to go to..., the majority were... P23. That is why... P24. Some died or returned home, but... P25. Although Chinese immigrants..., it was the building of... P26. It is believed that before long... P37. Built in 1873... was invented by... P88. It’s a... that takes in... P89. He was noticed by... and to find... P5110. He spoke publicly about..., using his fame to help... P51Ⅲ. 教材分析和教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以“地域文化”为主题, 旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解有关美国地理方面的知识；学习加利福尼亚州的简介，使学生对美国的文明史略见一斑；通过阅读名人传记，研究美国的民族文化，使学生对美国有全方位的认识，掌握有关美国的历史、地理、文化、民族等方面的词汇；学会运用名词性从句等语法知识，并通过相关练习，提高学生的语言运用能力；通过阅读一篇图文并茂的美国游记，学会书写电子邮件或明信片，介绍某一名胜古迹和人文景观；通过学习、探究我国少数民族地区的多种文化，以及撰写我国某一城市、省份或地区的简介，加深对祖国地域文化的了解，提高写作能力。
人教版高中英语选修八《Unit 1 A land of diversity》 Using Language 课件 4
More exercises to master the text.
3. The phrase takes in in the sentence “It’s a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.” means___B____.
If a person is called “April Fool”, he or she is taken ___ on that day.
☆ A. Up B. off C. in D. on
10.have good idea of 对…很了解 have some idea of 对…知道一、二 have no idea of 不知道… have /give a rough / general idea of 有/ 给出大致 的想法
Cable Car
Monday
Fisherman’s wharf
Name the places & write down the days George saw them
Chinatown Blue&white road signs
Tuesday
Name the places & write down the days George saw them
b.where George’s tour started c.California is not as George expected d.where George is now
A. a-b-c-d B.d-b-c-a C. b-d-c-a D. c-a-d-b
新人教选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Using language[课件]
![新人教选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Using language[课件]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/e65f412e866fb84ae45c8d61.png)
Third reading(给句子填上恰当的引导词)
1.Apparently he had been shocked when he saw a terrible accident _in__w_h_i_ch____a tram’s brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.
• 4. 从1882年到1940年，天 Nhomakorabea岛成了一个著名的移民 站，许多的中国人在那儿申请留美居住权。
课后拓展案
Insert all the missing words in the passage(插入文段之中 所遗漏的词)：
1_I____ teamed up with a couple from my hotel and hired a car. 2__W_e___ spent all day driving around the city. There is a great drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show 3_t_h_e__ way to go. It’s a 79km round trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. 4_W__e__ stopped many times to admire the view and take photographs . I now have a really good idea of what the city’s like.
新人教版高二英语选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity 各课时教案
新人教版高二英语选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity 各课时教案Unit 1 A land of diversityⅠ. 单元教学目标技能目标Skill Goals▲Talk about the USA▲Talk about (going) places▲Learn the words a bout the USA▲Learn how to ask questions and make comments▲Learn the usage of the Noun Clauses▲Write an introduction to places▲Study the culture and people of the USAⅡ. 目标语言功能句式Talk about (going) placesWhere have you visited recently?When did people first live there?What is the climate like?Why is it so warm / cold / dry / wet there?What’s the population of...?How many nationalities live there?What did you think about the people?What is the most important festival there?How do they celebrate it?What other interesting things did you see?That’s interesting / terrific / marvelous / cool / lovely / beautiful, wonderful!You’re exciting / wonderful. Good / Creative /Fantastic / Super job!词汇1．四会词汇Strait distinct Arctic means majority ministry Catholic hardship elect federal rail percentage Italy Denmark boom aircraft Korea Korean Pakistan immigration racial crossing vice nephew pole applicant customs socialist occur cattle indicate luggage shave tram apparent apparently brake conductor slip bakery ferry hire seagull angle nowhere punishment justice mourn civil authority reform grasp thankful insert2．认读词汇illustrate, Alaska, prehistoric, immigrant, Hollywood, Laotian, conqueror, cable, Andrew, wharf, Alcatraz3．词组Live on, the Arctic, by means of, make a life, keep up, back to back, team up with, mark out, take in a great/good many, apply for结构Learn to use the Noun Clauses重点句子1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California... P22. Of the first Spanish to go to..., the majority were... P23. That is why... P24. Some died or returned home, but... P25. Although Chinese immigrants..., it was the building of... P26. It is believed that before long... P37. Built in 1873... was invented by... P88. It’s a... that takes in... P89. He was noticed by... and to find... P5110. He spoke publicly about..., using his fame to help... P51Ⅲ. 教材分析和教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以“地域文化”为主题, 旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解有关美国地理方面的知识；学习加利福尼亚州的简介，使学生对美国的文明史略见一斑；通过阅读名人传记，研究美国的民族文化，使学生对美国有全方位的认识，掌握有关美国的历史、地理、文化、民族等方面的词汇；学会运用名词性从句等语法知识，并通过相关练习，提高学生的语言运用能力；通过阅读一篇图文并茂的美国游记，学会书写电子邮件或明信片，介绍某一名胜古迹和人文景观；通过学习、探究我国少数民族地区的多种文化，以及撰写我国某一城市、省份或地区的简介，加深对祖国地域文化的了解，提高写作能力。
高中英语知识讲解 Unit 1 A land of diversity语言点
Unit 1 A land of diversity语言点编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞学习目标重点词汇distinction, majority, elect,percentage, boom, occur, indicate, apparently, slip, hire重点短语by means of make a life, team up with, mark out, apply fortake in,live on, a great many, keep up重点句型There be + sb. + doing ...with复合结构知识讲解重点词汇distinction【原句回放】It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA... 加州与众不同之处在于他也是美国最具多元化文化特征的一个州......【点拨】distinction n.区别, 差别；卓越常用搭配：make a distinction between 把......与......区分开make no distinction 没有区别have a distinction of 有......与众不同之处with distinction 优异地，显著地Mr. Green has the distinction of having been the first president of the famous school.格林先生不同凡响，他是这所著名学校的首任校长。
The law makes no distinction between men and women.这条法律没有男性和女性的区别。
【拓展1】distinct adj. 清晰的，明显的，明确的distinguish v.区分，辨别；把......区别分类，使杰出There was a distinct smell of gas when I opened the door.我打开门时有一种明显的煤气味。
人教版高中英语选修八 Unit1 A land of diversity-语法篇(教师版)-学习文档
第2讲A land of diversity 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握名词性从句的结构与功能；2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。
一. 概述：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二. 分类（一）主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
引导主语从句的连词有：that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose1.常规主语从句，既复合句在句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains is unknown.(6)What we need is time.注：连词位于句首不能省略2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较（为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末）It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
英语：unit 1《A land of diversity》教案——reading(新人教选修8)
Unit 1 The Land of Diversity---ReadingTeaching goals教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a.重点词汇和短语strait, means, slavery, Spain, majority, Catholic, Mexico, immigration, percentage, Denmark, Danish, aircraft, Korea, Korean, Pakistan, Pakistani, mix, mixture, nationality, racial, the Bering, by means of, the Pacific Islands, make a lifeb.重点句子However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California …Of the first Spanish to go to …, the majority were …men who…This is why …as a first or second langua ge.Many died or returned home, but … to make a life for…Although Chinese immigrants, it was the building of… that brought…It is believed that before long… so … that …, but…2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to talk about the history of California.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Enable the students learn how to talk about the history of California.Teaching important points 教学重点Enable the students learn how to talk about the important events in Californian history. Teaching difficult points教学难点Enable the students to explain the reasons why California is such a multicultural community in the 21st century.Teaching methods教学方法Skimming, scanning and discussion;Teaching aids教具准备A recorder, a computer and a projector and some pictures.Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I warming-up （10 mins）1．Show students a map of America and ask them to find the location of California. 2．Introduce some history and geography knowledge about the USA.United States of America is composed of a federal district - Washington DC and 50 states. All the states except for Hawaii islands are situated in mainland America. It has a population of about 2,900 million. Its area is 9,370,000 sq km. The climate of USA is mainly temperate in nature but in Hawaii and Florida, it is tropica l…3. Show students some pictures about the USA4. Ask students to have a competition about the general knowledge of USA.e.g △ Which state is the largest one in the US?A. New YorkB. TexasC. Los Angeles△ How many stars are there on the American flag?A. 52B. 50C. 13△Which city is known as the “Big Apple”?A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Los Angeles△ In which year was the constitution written?A. 1779B. 1789C. 1799△ What language do most state names come from?A. SpanishB. EnglishC. Native American’s△ When is American Independence Day?A. June 4thB. July 4thC.D. August 14thStep ⅱReading (20 mins)5. Ask students to read the passage and choose the correct answer.①. Which of the following doesn’t belong to the character of California?A. It has the largest population of America.B. It’s the most multi-cultural cityC. It was once ruled by Spain in the 17th century.D. It’s the thir d largest state in the USA.②From the third part, we can learn that______A. the majority of Native Americans were religious.B. California got rid of the Spanish government in 1846.C. The United States got the control of California through negotiation.③What happened after the American-Mexican war?1) gold was discovered in California.2) adventures from Europe and Africa went there to dig gold.3) most of adventures died or returned home.4) California became the 31st state of America in 1850.A. 1) 2)B. 1) 3)C. 2) 3)D. 1) 4)④ 4.What’s the author mainly discuss in part5?A. The different immigrants and their own life in California.B. The reason why immigrants came to California.C. The place of origin of immigrants and the time of their arrival.D. What the immigrants did to American’s society.6. Ask students to read the passage again and fill in the blanks.In the 18th century, California was governed by Spanish __1__(invade). Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought_2__ the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, Most lands of __3__(south) part of America was occupied by Spanish, the Northwest coast _4___(include). The _5_(major) of the first Spanish were __6_(religion), they taught Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, California _7__(belong) to Mexico. __8__, in 1846 the United States won the war of Mexico, they had to return California to the United States but Spanish culture still makes great influence _9__ the United States. This is the reason why over 40% of _10_(California) regard Spanish as a first or second language.Step ⅲOral Practice (10 mins)7. Ask students to have a role-play.A: a reporter of a magazineB: an American studentA is interviewingB in the hall about California.Questions:When did people first arrive there?what’s the population of California?what’s the climate and landscape like there?A: Excuse me, I’m XX of a foreign magazine. May I ask you some questions? ……B: ……Step ⅲHomework8. Ask students to go over the new words.。
优质新人教版高中英语选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity全单元教案
Unit 1 A land of diversity Ⅰ. 单元教学目标技能目标Skill Goals▲Talk about the USA▲Talk about (going) places▲Learn the words about the USA▲Learn how to ask questions and make comments▲Learn the usage of the Noun Clauses▲Write an introduction to places▲Study the culture and people of the USAⅡ. 目标语言功能句式Talk about (going) placesWhere have you visited recently?When did people first live there?What is the climate like?Why is it so warm / cold / dry / wet there?What’s the population of...?How many nationalities live there?What did you think about the people?What is the most important festival there?How do they celebrate it?What other interesting things did you see?That’s interesting / terrific / marvelous / cool / lovely / beautiful, wonderful!You’re exciting / wonderful. Good / Creative /Fantastic / Super job!1．四会词汇Strait distinct Arctic means majority ministry Catholic hardship elect federal rail percentage Italy Denmark boom aircraft Korea Korean Pakistan immigration racial词汇crossing vice nephew pole applicant customs socialist occur cattle indicate luggage shave tram apparent apparently brake conductor slip bakery ferry hire seagull angle nowhere punishment justice mourn civil authority reform grasp thankful insert2．认读词汇illustrate, Alaska, prehistoric, immigrant, Hollywood, Laotian, conqueror, cable, Andrew, wharf, Alcatraz3．词组Live on, the Arctic, by means of, make a life, keep up, back to back, team up with, mark out, take in a great/good many, apply for结构Learn to use the Noun Clauses重点句子1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California... P22. Of the first Spanish to go to..., the majority were... P23. That is why... P24. Some died or returned home, but... P25. Although Chinese immigrants..., it was the building of... P26. It is believed that before long... P37. Built in 1873... was invented by... P88. It’s a... that takes in... P89. He was noticed by... and to find... P5110. He spoke publicly about..., using his fame to help... P51Ⅲ. 教材分析和教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以“地域文化”为主题, 旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解有关美国地理方面的知识；学习加利福尼亚州的简介，使学生对美国的文明史略见一斑；通过阅读名人传记，研究美国的民族文化，使学生对美国有全方位的认识，掌握有关美国的历史、地理、文化、民族等方面的词汇；学会运用名词性从句等语法知识，并通过相关练习，提高学生的语言运用能力；通过阅读一篇图文并茂的美国游记，学会书写电子邮件或明信片，介绍某一名胜古迹和人文景观；通过学习、探究我国少数民族地区的多种文化，以及撰写我国某一城市、省份或地区的简介，加深对祖国地域文化的了解，提高写作能力。
【资料】选修8unit-1-a-land-of-diversity-课文理解及语言点公开课汇编
探究二：The Spanish
Fill importan(ot nevPeanrtas.3in) the form:
16th century
18th century
(1)Spanish soldiers arrived
and took their land
in 1846
(2)California was ruled
B. Washington D. Texas
5. California entered the Union on
September 9, 1850, as the __D____state.
A. thirtieth
C. thirty-eighth
B. thirty-second D. thirty-first
3.There are about 25,000 RussianAmericans living in San Francisco.
4.California become the athnidrtya-rofiursntdsStaatneForaf ncisco the United states of America in 1850.
Russians
The main idea of each part:
Part 1 The introduction of California
The history of Part 2 settlement of California Part 3 The future
Native Americans The Spanish Russians Gold miners Later arrivals Most recent arrivals
高中英语选修八课文及翻译
选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亚加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are moreNative Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。
高二新人教版英语选修8课件 Unit 1 A land of diversity 第4课时 Using language
【知识拓展】 1)let sth slip(through your fingers)错过(机会)；失去 (机会) Don't let the chance to work abroad slip through your fingers. 这个出国工作的机会你可不要错过。 2)slip sb's memory/mind 忘掉；不记得 I was supposed to go to the dentist today, but it completely slipped my mind. 我本来打算今天去看牙医，可是却忘记得干干净净。
B．bury
C．apply
D．supply
答案：C 本题题意：我们必须全力想出一个解决的
办法。apply oneself/one's mind (etc.) to sth/to doing sth 表
示“致力于， 集中精力做某事；勤奋工作，努力学习等”。
(2)(2007山东-34) In this seaside resort, you
【词语辨析】 slip, slide 这两个动词均可表示“滑动”之意。 1)slip指“人”不自主地滑倒或“物”偶然滑动。 He caught the ball, then it slipped through his fingers. 那球他已接住却又从手中滑脱了。 2)slide通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续 滑动，强调有意识地滑行。 The boys amused themselves by sliding down the banister. 男孩们从楼梯扶手滑下以取乐。
can________all the comfort and convenience of modern
(完整版)人教版高中英语选修8课文及翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
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选修八Unit 1 课文语言点(教师版)
1.至少at (the) least
2.遭受极大的苦难suffer greatly/ a lot
3.另外in addition
4.因、、、而死，死于die from
5.被迫做某事be forced into (doing) sth/ to do
sth
6.同某人打仗/对抗fight against sb
7.对、、、宣战declare war on
8.、、、之后不久not long after
9.实现某人做某事的梦想achieve one’s dream
of doing sth
10.某人自己的of one’s own
11.成为、、、的家园become home to
12.包括consist of
13.投票支持某人vote for sb 14.区分对错make/draw a distinction between
right and wrong
15.海关办事处the customs office
16.信仰社会主义believe in socialism
17.进行一段关于、、、的电话对话hold a
telephone conversation about sth
18.就、、、发表评论make comments on
19.直接走到、、、go straight to
20.从不同的角度from different angles
21.没有其他地方可去have nowhere else to go
22.抓住做某事的机会grasp the opportunity of
doing
23.对城市的面貌有一个很好的了解
have a really good idea of what the city’s like
24.今天住在加利福尼亚州的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
Today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.
25.一些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。
Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.
26.人们认为，用不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文
化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
27.他曾经看到过一次可怕的交通事故，一辆马拉轨道车刹车失灵，很明显这让他受到了极大的惊吓。
Apparently he’d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram’s brakes failed.。