Foreign currency valuation
关于财务管理的英文单词
记帐:Bookkeeping Service对帐:Auditing Service联行:Associated Banks Service 或Affiliated Banks Service(我还是不明白这与5有何区别,但Associated和Affiliated不是动词原形,是形容词)代理业务: Agency Service银行卡接柜:Inter-Bank Bankcard Business Service现金审批:Cash Approval Service开销户: Account Opening/Closing Service开户的标牌还可以用:New Account/New Clientbig macs, big/large-cap stock, mega-issue 大盘股offering, list 上市bourse 证交所Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所pension fund 养老基金share 股票valuation 股价underwriter 保险商government bond 政府债券saving account 储蓄账户equity market 股市shareholder 股东delist 摘牌inventory 存货traded company, trading enterprise 上市公司market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则damage-control machinery 安全顾问efficient market 有效市场opportunistic practice 投机行为entrepreneur 企业家cook the book 做假账regulatory system 监管体系portfolio 投资组合money-market 短期资本市场capital-market 长期资本市场volatility 波动diversification 多元化real estate 房地产option 期权call option 看涨期权put option 看跌期权merger 并购arbitrage 套利Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会dollar standard 美元本位制budget 预算deficit 赤字bad debt 坏账macroeconomic 宏观经济fiscal stimulus 财政刺激a store of value 保值transaction currency 结算货币forward exchange 期货交易intervention currency 干预货币Treasury bond 财政部公债pickup in price 物价上涨Federal Reserve 美联储inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩tighter credit 紧缩信贷monetary policy 货币政策foreign exchange 外汇spot transaction 即期交易forward transaction 远期交易quote 报价常见银行英语词汇account number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a cheque 兑付to dishonor a cheque 拒付to suspend payment 止付cheque,check 支票cheque book 支票本crossed cheque 横线支票blank cheque 空白支票rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根cash cheque 现金支票traveler's cheque 旅行支票cheque for transfer 转帐支票outstanding cheque 未付支票canceled cheque 已付支票forged cheque 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票,银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行,储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司(贴现公司)neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐,流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接(对角)套汇indirect exchange 间接(三角)套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间(Consumer Price Index) 消费者物价指数business 企业商业业务financial risk 财务风险sole proprietorship 私人业主制企业partnership 合伙制企业limited partner 有限责任合伙人general partner 一般合伙人separation of ownership and control 所有权与经营权分离claim 要求主张要求权management buyout 管理层收购tender offer 要约收购financial standards 财务准则initial public offering 首次公开发行股票private corporation 私募公司未上市公司closely held corporation 控股公司board of directors 董事会executove director 执行董事non- executove director 非执行董事chairperson 主席controller 主计长treasurer 司库revenue 收入profit 利润earnings per share 每股盈余return 回报market share 市场份额social good 社会福利financial distress 财务困境stakeholder theory 利益相关者理论value (wealth) maximization 价值(财富)最大化common stockholder 普通股股东preferred stockholder 优先股股东debt holder 债权人well-being 福利diversity 多样化going concern 持续的agency problem 代理问题free-riding problem 搭便车问题information asymmetry 信息不对称retail investor 散户投资者institutional investor 机构投资者agency relationship 代理关系net present value 净现值creative accounting 创造性会计stock option 股票期权agency cost 代理成本bonding cost 契约成本monitoring costs 监督成本takeover 接管corporate annual reports 公司年报balance sheet 资产负债表income statement 利润表statement of cash flows 现金流量表statement of retained earnings 留存收益表fair market value 公允市场价值marketable securities 油价证券check 支票money order 拨款但、汇款单withdrawal 提款accounts receivable 应收账款credit sale 赊销inventory 存货property,plant,and equipment 土地、厂房与设备depreciation 折旧accumulated depreciation 累计折旧liability 负债current liability 流动负债long-term liability 长期负债accounts payout 应付账款note payout 应付票据accrued espense 应计费用deferred tax 递延税款preferred stock 优先股common stock 普通股book value 账面价值capital surplus 资本盈余accumulated retained earnings 累计留存收益hybrid 混合金融工具treasury stock 库藏股historic cost 历史成本current market value 现行市场价值real estate 房地产outstanding 发行在外的a profit and loss statement 损益表net income 净利润operating income 经营收益earnings per share 每股收益simple capital structure 简单资本结构dilutive 冲减每股收益的basic earnings per share 基本每股收益complex capital structures 复杂的每股收益diluted earnings per share 稀释的每股收益convertible securities 可转换证券warrant 认股权证accrual accounting 应计制会计amortization 摊销accelerated methods 加速折旧法straight-line depreciation 直线折旧法statement of changes in shareholders’equity 股东权益变动表source of cash 现金来源use of cash 现金运用operating cash flows 经营现金流cash flow from operations 经营活动现金流direct method 直接法indirect method 间接法bottom-up approach 倒推法investing cash flows 投资现金流cash flow from investing 投资活动现金流joint venture 合资企业affiliate 分支机构financing cash flows 筹资现金流cash flows from financing 筹资活动现金流time value of money 货币时间价值simple interest 单利debt instrument 债务工具annuity 年金future value 终至present value 现值compound interest 复利compounding 复利计算pricipal 本金mortgage 抵押credit card 信用卡terminal value 终值discounting 折现计算discount rate 折现率opportunity cost 机会成本required rate of return 要求的报酬率cost of capital 资本成本ordinary annuity普通年金annuity due 先付年金financial ratio 财务比率deferred annuity 递延年金restrictive covenants 限制性条款perpetuity 永续年金bond indenture 债券契约face value 面值financial analyst 财务分析师coupon rate 息票利率liquidity ratio 流动性比率nominal interest rate 名义利率current ratio 流动比率effective interest rate 有效利率window dressing 账面粉饰going-concern value 持续经营价值marketable securities 短期证券liquidation value 清算价值quick ratio 速动比率book value 账面价值cash ratio 现金比率marker value 市场价值debt management ratios 债务管理比率intrinsic value 内在价值debt ratio 债务比率mispricing 给……错定价格debt-to-equity ratio 债务与权益比率valuation approach 估价方法equity multiplier 权益乘discounted cash flow valuation 折现现金流量模型long-term ratio 长期比率undervaluation 低估debt-to-total-capital 债务与全部资本比率overvaluation 高估leverage ratios 杠杆比率option-pricing model 期权定价模型interest coverage ratio 利息保障比率contingent claim valuation 或有要求权估价earnings before interest and taxes 息税前利润promissory note 本票cash flow coverage ratio 现金流量保障比率contractual provision 契约条款asset management ratios 资产管理比率par value 票面价值accounts receivable turnover ratio 应收账款周转率maturity value 到期价值inventory turnover ratio 存货周转率coupon 息票利息inventory processing period 存货周转期coupon payment 息票利息支付accounts payable turnover ratio 应付账款周转率coupon interest rate 息票利率cash conversion cycle 现金周转期maturity 到期日asset turnover ratio 资产周转率term to maturity 到期时间profitability ratio 盈利比率call provision赎回条款gross profit margin 毛利润call price 赎回价格operating profit margin 经营利润sinking fund provision 偿债基金条款net profit margin 净利润conversion right 转换权return on asset 资产收益率put provision 卖出条款return on total equity ratio 全部权益报酬率indenture 债务契约return on common equity 普通权益报酬率covenant 条款market-to-book value ratio 市场价值与账面价值比率trustee 托管人market value ratios 市场价值比率protective covenant 保护性条款dividend yield 股利收益率negative covenant 消极条款dividend payout 股利支付率positive covenant 积极条款financial statement财务报表secured deht担保借款profitability 盈利能力unsecured deht信用借款viability 生存能力creditworthiness 信誉solvency 偿付能力collateral 抵押品collateral trust bonds 抵押信托契约debenture 信用债券bond rating 债券评级current yield 现行收益yield to maturity 到期收益率default risk 违约风险interest rate risk 利息率风险authorized shares 授权股outstanding shares 发行股treasury share 库藏股repurchase 回购right to proxy 代理权right to vote 投票权independent auditor 独立审计师straight or majority voting 多数投票制cumulative voting 积累投票制liquidation 清算right to transfer ownership 所有权转移权preemptive right 优先认股权dividend discount model 股利折现模型capital asset pricing model 资本资产定价模型constant growth model 固定增长率模型growth perpetuity 增长年金mortgage bonds 抵押债券。
SAP名词解释中英文对照
Open Systems Organization Hierarchy Organizational Levels Planned Order
工業規格的系統設計 系統組織架構 系統組織架構 計畫工單
Planning at assembly level 依組裝階層需求之規劃策略
備註 Planning Strategy
functions not support by SAP 標準SAP無法提供之功
system
能或表單
1
模組名稱
SAP 名詞 Government Uniform Invoice Sales and Distribution Materials Management Production Planning Financial Accounting Controlling Warehouse Management Material Requirement Planning
中文
重複性生產排程
報表 途程 銷售及作業規劃 銷售計畫 叫貨 決算 單階層物料表
22
備註
Sales and Operation Planning
SAP 名詞
SIS(Sales Information System)
Storage location Time-phase planning Work Center
Material Master MPS MRP
Multi-Level Bill of Material Structure
物料主檔 主生產排程 物料需求規劃
多階層物料表
18
備註
Planning Strategy Planning Strategy
SAP 名詞
SAP_FI_SAPParallelAccounting平行分类账配置与操作
SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账)业务配置及操作手册目录SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账业务)配置及操作手册 (1)Overview (1)业务说明 (1)概念 (2)数据表Table (2)配置Configure (2)组织结构Organization Structure (2)凭证处理Document (9)外币评估Foreign Currency Valuation (11)资产Asset (15)操作Operation (18)总账分类账过账 (18)外币评估Foreign Currency Valuation (26)Asset (32)End (38)SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账业务)配置及操作手册Overview业务说明为了适应不同的会计准则,SAP在新总账中启用了多分类账,每个分类账可以对应一个会计准则。
在实际配置中,将总账的业务按照不同的分类账进行区分,同时将不同的分类账分成不同的分类账组,每笔业务如果不指定分类账组,将记账到所有的分类账,如果指定特别的分类账组,将只记账到该分类账组下的分类账中。
对于外币评估,在一个分类账下的评估范围进行评估后,在另外一个分类账下的评估范围可以继续评估,两者互不影响。
概念分类账Ledger用于对应每个会计准则的会计账务。
分类账组Ledger Group针对分类账的一个分组。
数据表Table配置Configure组织结构Organization Structure定义分类账Define ledgers for General Ledger Accounting系统也会自动创建一个Ledger Group.定义分类账组Define Ledger Group该步骤主要是一种检查,也可以对已经生成的Ledger Group进行修改。
通过分类账组,也可以将某些记账同步的分类账放在一个组中,但是这种方式下其实没有太大的必要,还是分开更好。
SAP_FI基础教程(中文版)
Actual (preliminary)
A/P in $ Actual
Purchase requisition
Purchase order
請購 採購
Goods receipt
驗收
Invoice receipt (preliminary posting)發票驗證
總帳 GL
Vendors
Release
GL
常用交易選項 輸入資料保留
Cash Journal 現金簿 (5.主要功能)
現金收支輸入 傳票自動產生
Expense (E)
Expense / Cash
Revenue (R)
Cash / Revenue
Cash transfer:
cash journal to bank (B)
bank to cash journal (C)
供應商付款帳號明細
供應商代付款人
有效付款人列示
Asset Master (4.主檔資訊)
保管部門資料 採購單資料 稅務資料 保險資料 租賃資料 不同折舊區域
SAP AG 1999
Enjoy 個人化 Screens (5.主要功能)
過帳模擬 自設螢幕格式及輸入項目
輸入值規則設定(跨公司/外幣持續/總額/特殊期) 借/貸方加總
Accounts receivable (D):
Customer-incoming payment
Customer-outgoing payment
Accounts payable (K):
Vendors-outgoing payment
Vendors-incoming payment
Bank / Cash Journal Cash Journal / Bank
外贸中常见英文简写
外贸中常见英文简写1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等12 WT (weight)重量13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重14 N.W. (net weight)净重15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单16 EA (each)每个,各17 W (with)具有18 w/o (without)没有19 FAC (facsimile)传真20 IMP (import)进口21 EXP (export)出口22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船26 S.S (steamship)船运27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨28 DOC (document)文件单据29 INT (international)国际的30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表31 INV (invoice)发票32 PCT (percent)百分比33 REF (reference)参考的查价34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB (renminbi)人民币38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记39 PR或PRC (price) 价格40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证43 B/L (bill of lading)提单44 FOB (free on board)离岸价45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本+保险+运费价补充:CR=credit贷方,债主DR=debt借贷方(注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。
SAP专业教材资料09 Foreign Currency Valuation
SAP AG 1999
2 Listing Receivables and Payables
SAPF101 By remaining life in the Balance Sheet
SAP AG 1999
Valuation Method
• It determines the method with which a foreign currency valuation is to be performed as part of the closing procedures.
• For CUU business needs, there are three valuation method need be apply:
100 FC 1.8 1.6 1.5
a) key date b) key date + 1
SAP AG 1999
Valuation (with Update)
Receivable
180 180
✓✓
20
Adjustment
20
20
Realized 10
Valuation 20
Bank 150
• Posting result
– Valuation results are posted in a summarized form.
– Will apply FI document type: “SA” and – Adopt the exchange rate type: “M”
Valuation Method- Z099
SAP期末外币评估
目录SAP外币期末评估 (2)1. 背景介绍 (2)1) 未清项目的外币评估 (2)2) 总账科目的外币评估 (2)2. 前提条件 (2)1) 总账科目及客户/供应商账户准备 (2)2) 相关汇率准备 (2)3) 测试数据说明 (3)4) 开启下一个期间 (3)3. 后台设定 (3)1) 定义评估方法 (4)2) 定义评估范围 (4)3) 分配会计原理到目标帐组 (5)4) 分配评估范围和会计原理 (5)5) 分配外币评估自动过账科目 (5)4. 前台运行 (6)1) General Data Selection 说明 (7)2) Postings说明 (7)3) Open Items说明 (8)4) G/L Balances说明 (8)5) 测试运行的结果 (9)Summarized By Jason ZhangSAP外币期末评估1.背景介绍根据最新会计准则,企业在外币业务发生时,应该当采用交易日的即期汇率将外币金额折算成本位币金额入账,同时外币也要平行入账。
如果汇率波动不大,可以采用与交易日即期汇率近似的汇率折算。
在SAP里这个近似汇率就是当期平均兑换汇率M。
另外,通常还有与M不同汇率类型END5,它是自己创建的,它是用来月末外汇重估用到的,有效日期一般为月末最后一天。
从而可以看出企业日常记账汇率有两种方式可选即期汇率和平均汇率SAP的期末评估通常分两种情况:1)未清项目的外币评估未清项目的评估主要是针对客户和供应商的外币评估2)总账科目的外币评估主要包括现金,银行存款外币科目的期末评估2.前提条件1)总账科目及客户/供应商账户准备在做评估之前需要定义一些相关的会计科目,如银行外币科目,客户供应商科目等:银行外币科目1002010201 银行存款-美元,应收账款统驭科目1122010101 应收账款-服务费-非关联应收账款期末外币调整科目1122019999 应收账款-外币调整客户账户GECHINA 通用中国有限公司应付账款统驭科目2202010101 应付账款-办公用品应付账款期末外币调整科目2202019999 应付账款-外币调整供应商账户3000000119 上海主机电源供应商已实现汇兑损失科目6603010101 财务费用-已实现-汇兑损失已实现汇兑收益科目6603010102 财务费用-已实现-汇兑收益未实现汇兑损失科目6603010201 财务费用-未实现-汇兑损失未实现汇兑收益科目6603010202 财务费用-未实现-汇兑收益2)相关汇率准备在测试时会用到两种汇率类型,交易汇率(M)和月末评估汇率(END5)汇率维护前后台都可以:Summarized By Jason Zhang后台的T-CODE是OB08 ,后台路径是SAP Netweaver\Currencies\enter exchange types;前台路径是Accounting\General Ledger\Environment\Current Settings\S_BCE_68000174-Enter Translation Rates. 交易汇率(M)是系统自动创建的汇率类型,是无法删除的,并且公司代码创建的时候自动将公司代码的汇率评估类型设定成M的,M汇率类型是平常做业务是经常用的,如果公司采取每个月1号的外汇中间价作为交易记账汇率的话,只要月初维护一次就好,如果采用即期汇率的话,就要每天进行维护;本次用的外币是USD,直接汇率是6.50000月末评估汇率(END5)是我自己创建的汇率类型主要是用在期末评估使用的,有效期一般都是每月的最后一天;直接汇率是6.20212,有效期是最后12月31号。
FI代码大全
事务码描述(中英文)F.52 G/L: Acct Bal.Interest Calculation 总帐:计算科目余额利息F-06 Post Incoming Payments 收款记帐F-07 Post Outgoing Payments 付款记帐FB1S Clear G/L Account 结算总分类帐科目FB41 Post Tax Payable 应付税款记帐FBB1 Post Foreign Currency Valuation 外币评估记帐FBL3 Display G/L Account Line Items 显示总帐科目行项目FBL4 Change G/L Account Line Items 更改总分类帐科目的行项目FBX0 Change Documents for Ext.Documents 外部凭证的更改凭证FBX1 Post External Documents Received 收到外部凭证记帐FBX2 Change External Documents to be Sent 更改将送出的外部凭证FBX3 Display Extern.Documents to be Sent 显示将送出的外部凭证FBX4 Change External Documents Received 更改收到的外部凭证FBX5 Display External Documents Received 显示收到的外部凭证FBX6 Transfer: Extern.Documents to File 传输:外部凭证到文件FBX7 Load External Documents from File 从文件中装载外部凭证FS01 Create Master Record 创建主记录FS02 Change Master Record 更改主记录FS03 Display Master Record 显示主记录FS04 G/L Account Changes (Centrally) 总帐科目更改(集中地)FS05 Block Master Record 冻结主记录FS06 Mark Master Record for Deletion 把主记录标识为删除FS10 G/L Account Balance 总分类帐科目余额FSAA Display Address for Bal.Confirmatns 显示余额确认地址FSE2 Change Financial Statement Version 更改财务报表版本FSE3 Display Financial Statement Version 显示财务报表版本FSE4 Planning Preparation 计划准备FSE5 Maintain Planning 计划维护FSE6 Display Planning 显示计划FSE7 Maint.Bal.Sht/P+L Forgn Lang.Texts 维护资产负债表/利润表外语长文本FSE8 Display Forgn Lang.Bal.Sht/P+L Texts 显示外文的资产负债表/利润表文本FSE9 Automatic Balance Sheet/P+L Form 自动资产负债表/利润表FSM1 Create Sample Account 创建样本帐户FSM2 Change Sample Account 更改样本帐户FSM3 Display Sample Account 显示样本帐户FSM4 Sample Account Changes 样本科目更改FSM5 Delete sample account 删除样本科目FSMN 总帐菜单总帐菜单FSP1 Create Master Record in Chart/Accts 创建会计科目表中的主记录FSP2 Change master record in chart/accts 更改会计科目表中的主记录FSP3 Display Master Record in Chart/Accts 显示会计科目表的主记录FSP4 G/L Account Changes in Chart/Accts 会计科目表中的总帐科目变化FSP5 Block Master Record in Chart/Accts 冻结会计科目表中主记录FSP6 Mark Mast.Rec.for Del.in Chart/Accts 在科目表中的主记录上作标记以备删除FSS1 Create Master Record in Company Code 创建公司代码中的主记录FSS2 Change Master Record in Company Code 更改公司代码中的主记录FSS3 Display Master Record in Comp.Code 显示公司代码中的主记录FSS4 G/L Account Changes in Company Code 公司代码中的总帐科目修改FSSA Display Bal.Confirmatns Sel.Criteria 显示余额确认选择标准FSSP Change Bal.Confirmatns Sel.Criteria 改变余额确认选择标准FST2 Maintain Account Name 维护帐户名FST3 Display Account Name 显示帐户名GLT0 Flexible General Ledger 灵活的总帐GSP1 Allocation method 分摊方式GSP2 Line category 行类别GSP3 Business processes 业务处理GSP4 Determine line categories from acct 从科目的确定的目录行GSP5 Derive activity 引导业务GSP6 Define field control per ledger 每个分类帐定义字段控制GSP6GEN Doc split: Generation 明细凭证:生成GSP8 Doc. type assignment - process 凭证类型分配- 处理GSP9 Allocation Rule 分配规则GSPA Define account determination key 定义科目确定码GSPB Acct determination - posting key 科目确定- 过帐码GSPD Business processes 业务处理F.28 A/R: Reset Credit Limit 应收帐:重置信贷限额F.31 Credit Management - Overview 信贷管理—概览F.32 Credit Management - Missing Data 信贷管理—遗漏数据F.33 Credit Management - Brief Overview 信贷管理—简要概览F.34 Credit Management - Mass Change 信贷管理- 批变化F.35 Credit Master Sheet 贷方主表FD10 Customer Account Balance 客户科目余额FD11 Customer Account Analysis 客户帐户分析FD24 Credit Limit Changes 信贷限额变化FD32 Change Customer Credit Management 更改客户信贷管理FD33 Display Customer Credit Management 显示客户贷款管理FD37 Credit Management Mass Change 信贷管理批变化AR01 Call Up Asset List 调用资产清单AR02 Call Up Asset History Sheet 调用资产历史数据表AR03 Call Up Depreciation List 调用折旧清单AR04 Call Up Depreciation + Interest List 调用折旧+ 利息清单AR05 Call Up Asset Acquisition List 调用资产购置清单AR06 Call Up Asset Retirement List 调用资产报废清单AR07 Call Up Asset Transfer List 调用资产转帐清单AR08 Call Up Depreciation Compare List 调用折旧比较清单AR14 Call Up Manual Depreciation List 调用手工折旧清单AR18 Call Up Depr.Simulation 调用折旧模拟AR19 Call Up List of Origins 调用初始清单AR20 Retirement comparison 报废比较AR21 Mid-quarter Alert Report 季度中期警告报告AR22 Analysis of retirment revenue 报废收入的分析AR26 Call up special reserve list 调用特殊收入清单AR27 Call up: Group asset list 调用:集团公司资产清单AR28 Call up asset history 调用资产历史AR30 Display Worklist 显示工作清单AR32 Call-up create worklist 调用创建工作清单ARAL Display Application Log 显示应用程序日志ARQ0 FIAA - Ad hoc reports FIAA - Ad hoc 报告ART0 FIAA - Info system FI-AA:信息系统OA90 AM: Asset Register AM: 资产登记FM21 Change Original Budget 改变原预算FM22 Display Original Budget 显示原预算FM25 Change Supplement 改变补充FM26 Display Supplement 显示补充FM27 Change Return 改变返回FM28 Transfer Budget 转移预算FM29 Display Return 显示退回FM2E Change Budget Document 改变预算凭证FM2F Display Budget Document 显示预算文档FM2T Change Releases 更改下达FM2V Display Releases 显示下达FM98 Change Parked Document 更改暂存凭证FM9B Copy Budget Version 复制预算版本FM9D Lock Budget Version 锁定预算版本FM9E Unlock Budget Version 取消锁定预算版本FM9F Delete Budget Version 删除预算版本FM9G Roll Up Supplement 上滚补充FM9H Roll up Original Budget 累加原始预算FM9I Roll Up Return 累加返回FM9J Roll Up Releases 累加下达FM9K Change Budget Structure 更改预算结构FM9L Display Budget Structure 显示预算结构FM9M Delete Budget Structure 删除预算结构FM9N Generate Budget Object 生成预算对象FM9P Reconstruct Budget Distrbtd Values 重建预算分配值FM9Q Total Up Budget 预算汇总FMBV Activate Availability Control 激活有效性控制FMD1 Change Carryforward Rules 更改结转规则FMD2 Display Carryforward Rules 显示结转规则FMG1 FM: Create Commitment Item Group FM: 创建承诺项组FMG2 FM: Change Commitment Item Group FM: 更改承诺项组FMG3 FM: Display Commitment Item Group FM: 显示承诺项组FMG4 FM: Delete Commitment Item Group FM: 删除承诺项组FMG5 Generate BS Objects fr.Cmmt Item Grp 从承诺项组生成BS 对象FMP0 Maintain Financial Budget 维护财务预算FMP1 Display Financial Budget 显示财务预算FMP2 Delete Financial Budget Version 删除财务预算版本FR01 Change Original Commitments 更改原始承诺FR02 Display Original Commitments 显示原始承诺FR03 Original Commitments: Prel.Posting 初始承诺额:初步过帐FR04 Change Original Payments 更改原始收付FR05 Display Original Payments 显示原始收付FR07 Change Release Commitments 更改下达承诺FR08 Display Release Commitments 显示下达承诺FR10 Change Release Payments 更改下达收付FR11 Display Release Payments 显示下达收付FR13 Transfer Commitments 转帐承诺FR14 Transfer Payments 转帐收付FR15 Change Supplement Commitments 更改补充承诺FR16 Display Supplement Commitments 显示补充承诺FR17 Roll Up Supplement Commitments 上滚补充承诺FR19 Change Supplement Payments 更改补充收付FR20 Display Supplement Payments 显示补充收付FR21 Roll Up Supplement Payments 上滚补充收付FR23 Change Return Commitments 更改承诺申报表FR24 Display Return Commitments 显示退回承诺FR25 Roll Up Return Commitments 上滚申报表承诺FR27 Change Return Payments 更改收付申报表FR28 Display Return Payments 显示退回收付FR29 Returns: Roll-Up Payments 申报表:上滚收付FR32 Roll Up Budget Commitments 上滚预算承诺FR33 Roll Up Budget Payments 上滚预算收付FR34 Roll Up Commitment Releases 上滚承诺下达FR35 Roll Up Payment Releases 上滚收付发布。
SAP-FI财务-4-3
Open Item Foreign Currency Valuation
會計上的評價分錄按匯率差異數拋出如下: 匯兌損失: Dr: Foreign Exchange Loss for Valuation (75068888) Cr: Balance Sheet adjusting 匯兌利益: Dr: Balance Sheet adjusting Cr: Foreign Exchange Gain for Valuation(71068888) 同時會在次月或次年度拋出上述的reverse傳票,作為迴 轉用(即還原回原立帳時Local Amount之意),以利Clear或下 次外幣評價時,不用去考慮上次的評價有多少。 由此可知Open item的外幣評價時,不會用原Open item 的Account去產生評價分錄,而是用一調整科目去切立(即 Balance Sheet adjusting),不影響原Open item 的金額。
1. T-Code : F.05 2.此作業祇適用在Balance Sheet key date (截止日) 的時點仍有Open item 的會計科目之上。 3.系統會依 ”METW” 的Exchange rate type 用 Balance Sheet key date的日期,及Document Currency 去取得兌換為Local Currency的匯率, 而求得新的Local Amount,再與原始立帳的 Local Amount作比較,求匯率差異數(目前台 達的Valuation methods是不管匯兌損失或利益 皆評價)。
4
G/L Accounts Balances Foreign Currency Valuation
台達的Char of account 只有 DEI
货币类型和外币评估
货币类型和外币评估一.Control Area Currency TypeTcode: OX06|OX19|OKKP图1是OX06的一个画面,只要稍微做过CO IMG的读者都会非常熟悉.[1]:Assignment control可选1->Controlling area sames as company code和2 (Cross-company- code).如果选1,Currency type 只能是10->公司代码货币,这样在接下来的OX19分配公司代码给该控制区域时,所以的公司代码必须满足三个条件:(1)Currency,所有公司代码的本位币(设置:OBY6)必须相同,显然对于一个跨国集团在全球各地都有业务可能永远不会使用Assignment control 1.(2)Chart of Accounts,(运营)会计科目表(设置:OB13)必须相同.(3)Fiscal year variants(设置:OB29)的Period数必须相同(通常我们会使用相同的会计年度变式,尽管SAP似乎是说只要期间数相同就可以,意思是公司代码A可使用Z1,12+4期间,445型的,公司代码B使用Z2,也是12+4期间,SAP提供的K4),关于会计年度变式更详细请参考本书的FI配置.如果选2,则分配到该控制区域的公司代码只要满足两个条件就行:(1)科目表相同(2)会计年度变式相同(期间数相同,同1).[2][3]:Currency type通常选30(group currency,又称Client currency),Currency使用集团货币,比如一家USA公司在全球有分公司,只使用一个控制区域,在此Currency设置USD.为什么通常不选比如20(Controlling area currency,通常)或其它Currency type呢,这是因为Currency and valuation profile(图1-[3])我们可能会使用Group currency作为ML平行评估的currency type(我们知道ML可同时启动法定|利润中心|集团三种评估,你可为每种评估设置Currency Type,详细请参考ML配置).附加几点:(1)在ML配置时,你还可使用8KEQ改变Currency Type和分配Currency and valuation profile.(2)对一个全国各地有分公司的大型国企,法定|利润中心|集团评估都可使用RMB,对一跨国集团可能涉及多种币种,业务就会变得复杂得多,接下来会仔细讨论.(3)Assignment control有业务数据就不可随意更改.二.FI和CO可使用的Currency Type.(1):Controlling Area Currency Type注意图2和图1的区别,在图2中,Currency type是20,同30 不同的是,30的currency只能是client currency(Tcode SCC4:跨Client的Standard Currency,就是说在此设置的client currency 对整个client有效,你简单认为:Client standard currency = group currency),而20的Currency 理论上是可随意定义的,在图2中是HKD,这样CO凭证中的CO Area currency就是HKD .图2-[2]显示了CO area可使用的6种Currency Type .为了加深读者对这些Currency的理解,我们看Co的两个重要表(Tcode:SE16)(1)COSP:External Posting,典型的数据是从FI posting过来.(2)COSS:Internal Posting,CO内部过帐数据,比如工单的作业确定,分摊重过帐等.这样一个case,company code 5100的本位币HKD,OX06定义CO Area currency type 30 with USD,现在使用RMB在第4期间支付一笔56元RMB某成本中心的服务费用(该费用科目建立了成本要素).在此涉及3种货币.(1).记帐货币RMB,在SAP中又称Transaction currency,Document currency,对应COSP的WTG001-WTG016(对应16期间).(2).公司代码货币,通常所说的Local currency,公司级的报表货币,对应WOG001-WOG016,Object currency,它和Company code currency有什么关系呢?(3).CO Area currency,对应OX06定义的Currency type 30和Curency USD.对应WKG001- WKG016.OB08 exch. Rate定义:7HKD = 1USD, 8 RMB = 1USD (Exch. Type M,USD是参考货币:OB07中设置) .FI posting后同时产生CO Doc(KSB1|KSB5可查看)查看COSP表.我们可看到图3的画面.Transaction currency 金额56 RMB,Object curency金额49HKD,CO area curr.金额7USD.图3-[1]还显示了Version是0(Actual version).除非一个超大的跨国集团实在需要,我觉得一个中型跨国公司十几个compay code使用一个controlling area最好,OBYC自动科目设置都简化了.(2):FI Currency TypeSE16:V_T001A设置并行货币(图4),尽管SAP说可以说设置俩Additional currency,大都数情况下我们只能设置一个附加本位币,使用Tcode OBS2看看所谓的standard ledger|Legal ledger 的currency 设置就知道(for FI-SPL,Tcode:GCL2),实际看GLT0表(for SPL表是相关SPL的summary table),只有TSL01-TSL16->for transaction currency, HSL01-HSL16->for local currency, KSL01-KSL16->for group currency,默认就这三组字段,而且从字段名称看,SAP似乎铁定是推荐你的parallel currency使用group currency了.图4,FI可使用的Currency type 5种.(3):SAP涉及的Currency Type.你使用OMX6(更改Currency Type文本),该用的Currency Type基本上集聚在这了.(4)Operating Concern Currency图5是KEA0的一个画面.在此启动了2个currency type(最多可使用4 currency type),Operating concern curreny和company code currency,这样,产生PA doc会有两条记录,一条currency type是B0,一条是10,这样的好处是你将OC currency设成集团货币可以根据group currency分析,同时又根据company code currency分析各公司的利润.启动更多的currency type意味着数据量的成倍激增.(5)Profit center currency图6是0KE5的一个画面,valuation view 是legal valuation,使用的currency type是30,profit center local curreny是USD(Profit center可看成是”特殊的” SPL,ledger 8A|8Z).如果在ML要使用profit center valuation,此处valuation view要选2 profit center valuation .(6) ML currencyOB07:OBBS:OB08:OBA1->KDF|OB09Local Currency (company code)Transaction CurrencyGroup (client) CurrencyGlobal Company CurrencyHard Currency (country level)Index Currency (country level)美元国际货币作用取决于美国的强大政治军事实力,国际投资地位和对外偿债能力,所以跨国集团愿意使用USD作hard currency(针对高通货膨胀的某国branch),据报道中国已有数千亿美金的外币储备,老美那些鸟人只要关门印刷钞票就能发财,太不公道了,什么世道? Maintain Currency and Valuation ProfileCompany code currency (10) in legal valuation (0)Group currency (30) in corporate valuation (1)Company code currency (10) in profit center valuation (2)当有业务数据时,想更改controlling area的currency type, ML的currency type会变的复杂,如何更改?如果还未上线,慢慢执行下面的tcodes吧,业务数据全给整没了.OBY6|SE16:V_001_COBR1:选上Delete CO Data,OKC3:删除CO dataOKC5:删除Cost ElementOKC4:删除Cost CenterOKC6:删除Activity TypeOKO5:删除OrderKKPV:删除CO objectKKE5:删除Base Planning ObjectKEC3:Define Currency Translation Key (CO-PA)For ML,只好SE38执行SAPRCKMJX程序Deactivate material Ledger.汇率与外币评估汇率设置:OC47|OB07,OB08|OC41,SE16:V_TCURF图1显示了几个exch. Rate ,如图1-[2],Exch. Rate M使用了参考货币(Ref. ccry)USD,假设甲公司的本位币是HKD,计RMB,OB08维护了1RMB = 0.98 HKD , 1RMB = 0.12000 USD,1HKD = 0.12500USD,则在甲公司用RMB记帐,RMB->HKD一定是使用USD做参考,RMB->HKD的exch. Rate是0.12000/0.12500而不是直接的0.98 .使用参考汇率的好处在集团公司大大减少汇率的维护工作和避免冲突,每个分公司只要维护各自对参考货币的汇率就行. 不使用参考货币的汇率可能是网状分布的,使用参考货币就是以参考货币为中心分布的.几个常遇的exch. Rate问题.1.能否更改FI记帐的汇率?OBA7各FI doc type的default exch. Rate type为空(Exch. Rate M),如果你想某doc type使用另外的exch. Rate 可以在Ex.rate type for forgn crncy docs栏位输入.2.CK11N能否使用另外的汇率.CK11N的Version是0,你只要在OKEQN设置P就行,估计影响一大片.你也可在OKYD专门针对某costing variant设置exch. Rate type .SE16: V_TCURFCurrently, both in the sales order and billing document always take the exchange rate value from exchange rate type EURX instead of M. This is because the FI configuration setting always default to the EURX exchange rate type for EUR <-> USD, thus it need to be changed so it can take the rate with the exchange rate type M.In the current setting, the EURX has been defined in the currency translation ratio for exchange rate type M. The EURX need to be removed from column "Alt. ERT" for exchange rate type M for currency translation from USD <-> EUR.就是说不使用EURX做EUR<->USD而是使用M exch. Rate type ,该死的Exch. Rate EURX .外币评估:OB59,OBA1->KDF|OB09注意Z001/Z002使用的exch. Rate是C, Z002选上了Balance Valuat.选择.TMD这个破Balance valut.是篾意思?看SAP的帮助Balance Valuation for Open ItemsIf you select this parameter, open items are balanced per account or group and currency. The balance is valuated according to the valuation method. The valuation difference is posted as an expense or revenue (per account, only revenue OR expense).If you do not select this parameter, the open items are summarized and valuated per reference number. If there is no reference number, each line item is valuated individually. The differences that arise are posted as an expense or revenue (per account, expense AND revenue).Example: 3 line items: A, B and CA Reference number 1 100 USD 190B Reference number 1 30-USD 50-C No reference number 10 USD 151) No balance valuation, lowest value principle, spot exchange rate 1.8Total from A + B 70 USD 140 DEM Valuation difference 14- DEM( 70 * 1.8 = 126 126 - 140 = - 14)C 10 USD 15 DEM No valuation, due to lowestvalue principle2) Balance valuation, lowest value principle, spot exchange rate 1.8Total A - C 80 USD 155 DEM Valuation difference = 11- DEM(80 * 1.8 = 144 - 155 = - 11)The total is posted as an expense.3) No balance valuation, revaluation and devaluation, spot exchangerate 1.8Total A + B 70 USD 140 DEM valuation difference 14- DEM( 70 * 1.8 = 126 126 - 140 = - 14)C 10 USD 15 DEN valuation difference +3 DEMPostings, expense 14 DEM, revenue 3 DEMZ004同Z003唯一不同的是Z004的Balance Valuat.选上了,Z003和Z004是专门重置外币评估的方法外币评估F.05通常分成2类评估1. 以外币记帐的客户/供应商/总帐未清项(D/K/S)-> 对所有的未清项进行评估(余额虽为0,但有未清项)2. 以外币记帐的资产负债表科目(即科目货币非本位币) -> 对外币余额进行评估确定评估差异有两种方法:1. 在资产负债表出表日确认并在下月1日冲销2. 在资产负债表出表日确认并更新被评估的未清项,不冲销未清项的评估是在外币的汇率有变化时,对有涉及外币未清项的科目按统驭科目或科目类型、按币种、分借贷分别进行统计其由于汇率变化产生的差额,将变化额按科目类型和币种进行帐务调整。
SAP名词中英文对照及操作图示说明表
SAP 名詞中文備註Enterprise Resource Planning企業資源規劃ERP Material Requirement Planning物料需求規劃MRP Sales and Distribution銷售與配銷管理SD Materials Management物料管理MM Production Planning生產管理PP Financial Accounting財務會計FI Controlling成本控制CO Warehouse Management倉庫管理WM Client客戶端Org Company公司Org Plant工廠Storage Location庫位/儲存位置Customer客戶Partner Material物料Master Material Master物料主檔Master Purchase Requisition請購單PR Purchase Order採購單PO Chart of Accounts會計科目表COA Cost Center Accounting成本中心會計CCA Financial Accounting財務會計FIFixed Assets固定資產FA General Ledger總帳G/L Internal Orders內部訂單I/O Product Cost Controlling產品成本控制PCC Project System專案系統PS Statistical Key Figure統計關鍵數字SKF Work in Process在製品WIPSDClient客戶端Org Company公司Org Distribution Channel配銷通道Org Division產品部門別Org Sales Area銷售區域Org Sales Organization銷售組織Org Shipping point出貨點OrgCustomer客戶Partner Material物料Master Material Master物料主檔Master Agreement協議Order 1 Consignment Order託售訂單Order 1 Contracts合約Order 1 Credit/Debit memo借項/貸項通知單(訂單)Order 1 Quotation報價單Order 1 Return Order退貨訂單Order 1 Sales Support & Sales銷售支援與銷售Order 1 Schedule agreement排程協議Order 1 Standard Order標準訂單Order 1 Delivery交貨Order 2 Invoice發票Order 3 Shipment運送Order 4 Stock transport Order庫存轉移/庫存運輸單Order 5 Condition條件(價格)Condition Surcharge/Discount附加費/折扣Condition Taxes稅Condition Transportation運輸Condition Freights運費Condition Goods Issue發料/發貨GI Goods receipt收料/收貨GR Billing請款One-time customer一次性客戶Output輸出Performa Invoice預期發票Plant工廠Sold-to party客戶Ship-to party收貨人Bill-to party發票收受人Payer付款人MMPlant工廠Storage Location庫位/儲存位置Purchasing Organization採購組織Purchasing Group採購群組Buyer Material Master物料主檔Vendor Master供應商主檔Purchase Requisition請購單PR Request for Quotation詢價單RFQ Quotation報價單Purchase Order採購單PO Release Strategy核發策略簽核流程Purchasing Info Record採購資訊記錄Source List貨源清單AVL Condition價格Pricing Logistic Invoice Verification發票驗証LIV Movement Type異動類型Material Document物料文件Mat.Doc. Accounting Document會計文件Goods Movement物料異動Goods Receipt收料/收貨GR Goods Issue發料/發貨GIPhysical Inventory盤點Reservation預訂單領/退料申請單Unrestricted Use未限制使用可正常使用之庫存Quality Inspection檢驗庫存處於檢驗狀態的庫存Actual Costing/ Material Ledger實際成本計算/ 物料分類帳Accruals/Deferrals應計/遞延Availability Control資金可用度控制Activity Type作業類型Allocations分配Assessment分攤Asset資產Asset Acquisitions資產取得Asset Class資產類別Asset Number資產號碼Asset Retirement by Scrapping報廢資產處分Asset Retirements資產處分Asset Sub-Number資產子編號FICOAutomatic Clearing自動結清Automatic Payment自動付款Assets under Construction在建資產Balance Carryforward結轉餘額Bill of Exchange匯票Budget Carryforward預算結轉Budgeting預算編列Business Area業務範圍BOM物料表Carry Forward結轉Cash Journal現金帳Chart of Depreciation折舊表Cash Management現金管理Chart of Accounts會計科目表COA Client用戶端Controlling Area成本控制範圍CO Commitments承約Company Code公司代碼Cost Center成本中心Cost Center Accounting成本中心會計CCA Cost Center Planning成本中心規劃Cost Object Controlling成本物件的成本控制Cost Center Hierarchy成本中心階層Cost Center Group成本中心群組Cost Components成本元件Cost Element成本要素Cost Element Accounting成本要素會計Cost Element Group成本要素群組Cost of Sales Statement銷售表的成本Cost Estimate成本估算Credit limit信用額度Credit Management信用管理Credit Memo折讓單Cross-CC Transaction跨公司代碼交易Delivery交貨Depreciation折舊Depreciation Area折價範圍Depreciation forecast折舊預測Depreciation Run折舊執行Distribution分配Document Type文件類型Down Payment訂金Dunning催款Ex Rate Differences匯率差異Ex Rate Types匯率類型Ex Rates匯率Financial Accounting財務會計FI Financial Statement Version財務報表版本Foreign Currency Valuation外幣評價Fiscal Year會計年度Fixed Assets固定資產FA Functional Area功能範圍G/L Accounts總帳科目Goods Issue發貨General Ledger總帳G/L GR/IR Clearing收貨/發票接收結清Group Asset群組資產House Banks往來銀行Incoming Payment收款Investment Orders資本投資訂單Internal Documents內部文件Internal Orders內部訂單I/O Invoice發票Low Value Asset低值資產Location位置Lock鎖住Mass Reversal大量迴轉Master Data主檔資料Material Ledger物料分類帳Moving average price移動平均成本Number Ranges號碼範圍Offsetting沖銷One-Time Vendors一次性供應商Open Items未結項目Operating Concern營運考量Order Types訂單類型Outgoing Payment付款Overhead間接成本Period Lock期間加鎖Physical Inventory List盤點清單Plan Version計畫版本Plan Revaluations計畫重估Post過帳Posting Key (PK)過帳碼Price Calculation價格計算Prices價格Price Determination價格決定Price Differences價差Product Cost Controlling產品成本控制PCC Product Group產品群組Production Order生產工單Profit Center利潤中心Profit Center Group利潤中心群組Profitability Analysis獲利能力分析Project System專案系統PS Purchase Order採購訂單PO Reconciliation Accounts統制科目Recurring Entries經常性分錄Reference Documents參考文件Routing途程Retirement處分Reverse迴轉Settlement結算Special G/L Indicator特殊總帳指示碼Status Management狀態管理Standard Price標準成本Subcontract委外Statistical Key Figure統計關鍵數字SKFUpdate of Standard Price更新標準成本Versions版本Variance Calculation差異計算Work in Process在製品WIP WIP Calculation在製品計算Work Center工作中心Year-End Closing年終結算Availability check物料可用量查核Balance Sheets資產負債表Base unit of measure基礎計量單位BOM物料表Bill of MaterialCapacity Evaluation產能評估Capacity Leveling產能平準化Capacity Planning Environment產能需求規劃環境Capacity Requirement Planning產能需求規劃Client客戶端Client / Server Architecture三階式的主從架構Company Code公司Cross-plant material status跨工廠物料狀態Demand Management需求管理Dependent Requirement衍生需求Disaggregating展開Enterprise Data Model最佳業務流程Forecast預測Forecast base planning依預測為基礎的計畫Goods Receipt收料Independent Requirement獨立需求Industry-Solutions特定行業解決方案Inspection Characteristic檢驗工具Integrated Real-time即時性的整合Integrated Solutions整合解決方案Internet/Intranet網路化企業經營環境Invoice verification發票驗證Kanban看板Long-Term Planning長程規劃PPMake-to-Order production接單生產Planning StrategyMake-to-Stock production存貨生產Planning StrategyMaterial Master物料主檔MPS主生產排程MRP物料需求規劃Multi-Level Bill of Material Structure多階層物料表Multi-national Multi-currency國際化Open Systems工業規格的系統設計Organization Hierarchy系統組織架構Organizational Levels系統組織架構Planned Order計畫工單Planning at assembly level依組裝階層需求之規劃策略Planning StrategyPlanning Cycle計畫流程Planning Strategy計畫策略Planning with final assembly依最終完成品需求之規劃策略Planning StrategyPlanning with planning material依重要共用物件之規劃策略Planning StrategyPlanning without final assembly未進行最後組裝之規劃策略Planning StrategyPlant工廠Processing a Production Order工單流程Production Control生產控制Production Control生產控制Production Order工單Production Plan生產計畫Profit & loss Statements損益表PRT生產資源/工具Production Resources/TPurchase Order採購單Purchase requisition請購單Reorder point planning人工再訂購點計畫Repetitive manufacturing重複性生產Repetitive ManufacturingScheduling重複性生產排程Report報表Routing途程SOP銷售及作業規劃Sales and OperationSales Plan銷售計畫Schedule line叫貨Settlement決算Single-level BOM單階層物料表。
SAP_FI_SAPParallelAccounting平行分类账配置与操作
SAP_FI_SAPParallelAccounting平行分类账配置与操作名目SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账业务)配置及操作手册1Overview 1业务讲明1概念2数据表Table 2配置Configure 2组织结构Organization Structure 2凭证处理Document 3外币评估Foreign Currency Valuation 4资产Asset 5操作Operation 5总账分类账过账5外币评估Foreign Currency Valuation 7Asset 8End 9SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账业务)配置及操作手册Overview业务讲明为了习惯不同的会计准则,SAP在新总账中启用了多分类账,每个分类账能够对应一个会计准则。
在实际配置中,将总账的业务按照不同的分类账进行区分,同时将不同的分类账分成不同的分类账组,每笔业务如果不指定分类账组,将记账到所有的分类账,如果指定专门的分类账组,将只记账到该分类账组下的分类账中。
关于外币评估,在一个分类账下的评估范畴进行评估后,在另外一个分类账下的评估范畴能够连续评估,两者互不阻碍。
概念分类账Ledger用于对应每个会计准则的会计账务。
分类账组Ledger Group针对分类账的一个分组。
数据表TableNo. Table name Short Description Memo1 FAGLFLEXT General Ledger: Totals2 BKPF Accounting Document Header3 BSEG Accounting Document Segment配置Configure组织结构Organization Structure定义分类账Define ledgers for General Ledger Accounting系统也会自动创建一个Ledger Group.定义分类账组Define Ledger Group该步骤要紧是一种检查,也能够对差不多生成的Ledger Group进行修改。
SAP专业教材资料F.05 Foreign Currency Valuation
Process Foreign Currency Valuation of Open ItemsPurposeThe SAP system provides for valuation of foreign currency balances/items. Whenmaking valuations, exchange rate differences may occur. These differences occur when exchange rate revaluation or devaluation occurs before the valuation is performed. Allcurrent assets and liabilities are valued. Foreign currency balance sheet accounts arenot managed on an open item basis, and therefore are valued based on the accountbalance. Accounts with open item management are valued by individual line item undera separate procedure. Exchange rate gain and loss accounts are set in FI configuration,and will post automatically as part of the valuation process.PrerequisitesNAMenu PathTo go to the Process Foreign Currency Valuation of Open Items screen, use the following menu path:•Accounting → Financial Accounting → General Ledger → PeriodicProcessing → Closing → Valuate → Foreign Currency ValuationTransaction CodeF.05Work Steps1.Update the following R equired, O ptional, and C onditional fields, as needed:2548517516.DOC Page 1 of 3 Last Updated: 23/03/2022Field R/O/C Description/ActionBal. sheet preparation valuation C You must select this option if the valuation is runfor the purpose of balance sheet preparation.Creating postings C Select to create postings as a result of thevaluation runBatch input session name O The postings are entered in a batch input sessionusing this name.Document date R Document date of the documents generated.Posting date R Posting date of the documents generated.Reversal posting date C This field contains the posting date of the reversalpostings in the batch input session.Reverse postings C If this indicator is set, postings created arereversed on the reversal date.In Selections tabValuation G/L AccountOpen ItemsO Mark on to valuate G/L account open itemsValuation G/L AccountBalanceO Mark on to valuate G/L account Balance G/L account O G/L account intervals to be valuated.Valuation vendor openItemsO Mark on to valuate vendor open items Vendor account O Vendor account intervals to be valuated.Valuation customer openItemsO Mark on to valuate customer open items Customer account O Customer account intervals to be valuated.NOTES:Under POSTING tab you specify the posting conditions (assuming you areready to post valuation differences).Under SELECTIONS tab you may further define your selection criteria, forexample for certain vendors, customers or GL accounts or to a specifieddocument number range.To process “Foreign Currency Valuation of Open Items”, once you have input your processing parameters, press the Execute icon.NOTES:The batch input posting session has been produced and may beprocessed.2. To access the Batch Input Posting Session, use the menu path:Last Updated: 23/07/2003 Page 2 of 3 2548517516.DOC2548517516.DOC Page 3 of 3 Last Updated: 23/03/2022System → Services → Batch Input → Edit (Transaction SM35).2.3.1. Press ENTER to advance to the next screen.3.2. Locate the depreciation posting session (RABUCH is the default name). Click on the session name and click the pushbutton PROCESS or Session → Process.3.3. A popup window will be displayed requesting a “run mode” for processing the session. The system defaults to “Process in Foreground”. This is not a viable option for a hig h volume of transactions. It is recommended that the user choose “Display Errors Only” or “Background” processing. This will allow for posting transactions to be processedwithout user intervention. The system will return a message once processing is complete. Any errors will be noted.3.4. Once the batch-input session has been processed, the accounting documents for Foreign currency valuation have been posted to the general ledger and complete this process.。
外币评估
9
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有
业务背景
Cash-USD
Dr:现金 60 Cr:财务费用——汇兑损益
60
AR/AP-USD
月末1月31日
Dr:现金 20 Cr:财务费用——汇兑损益
次月初2月1日
20
Dr:财务费用——汇兑损益 Cr:现金 20
20
10
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有
e.g 01.02.03.04
12
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有
后台原理 Rate Type
e.g M. PEND. Z
13
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有
后台原理 Rate Type
e.g M. PEND. Z
14
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有
外币评估-Foreign Currency Valuation
编写人: 阮帆 编写日期:20120213 版本: <1.0>
汉得信息技术有限公司
1
HAND Enterprise Solutions Company Ltd.
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有 汉得信息技术有限公司版权所有
后台原理 Valuation Method
e.g 001
15
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有
后台原理 Valuation Area
e.g 01.02.03.04
16
客户简称 · 汉得公司 版权所有
内容大纲
1
业务背景
2
3
后台原理
程序使用
3.1
基本操作 出错处理
3.2
最新SAP平行分类账配置与操作
S A P平行分类账配置与操作SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账)业务配置及操作手册目录SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账业务)配置及操作手册 (1)Overview (1)业务说明 (1)概念 (2)数据表Table (2)配置Configure (2)组织结构Organization Structure (2)凭证处理Document (10)外币评估Foreign Currency Valuation (13)资产Asset (18)操作Operation (22)总账分类账过账 (22)外币评估Foreign Currency Valuation (31)Asset (38)End (44)SAP Parallel Accounting(平行分类账业务)配置及操作手册Overview业务说明为了适应不同的会计准则,SAP在新总账中启用了多分类账,每个分类账可以对应一个会计准则。
在实际配置中,将总账的业务按照不同的分类账进行区分,同时将不同的分类账分成不同的分类账组,每笔业务如果不指定分类账组,将记账到所有的分类账,如果指定特别的分类账组,将只记账到该分类账组下的分类账中。
对于外币评估,在一个分类账下的评估范围进行评估后,在另外一个分类账下的评估范围可以继续评估,两者互不影响。
概念分类账Ledger用于对应每个会计准则的会计账务。
分类账组Ledger Group针对分类账的一个分组。
数据表Table配置Configure组织结构Organization Structure定义分类账Define ledgers for General Ledger Accounting系统也会自动创建一个Ledger Group.定义分类账组Define Ledger Group该步骤主要是一种检查,也可以对已经生成的Ledger Group进行修改。
通过分类账组,也可以将某些记账同步的分类账放在一个组中,但是这种方式下其实没有太大的必要,还是分开更好。
(整理)SAP+FI+汇率与外币评估.
汇率与外币评估汇率设置:OC47|OB07,OB08|OC41,SE16:V_TCURF图1显示了几个exch. Rate ,如图1-[2],Exch. Rate M使用了参考货币(Ref. ccry)USD,假设甲公司的本位币是HKD,计RMB,OB08维护了1RMB = 0.98 HKD , 1RMB = 0.12000 USD,1HKD = 0.12500USD,则在甲公司用RMB记帐,RMB->HKD一定是使用USD做参考,RMB->HKD的exch. Rate是0.12000/0.12500而不是直接的0.98 .使用参考汇率的好处在集团公司大大减少汇率的维护工作和避免冲突,每个分公司只要维护各自对参考货币的汇率就行. 不使用参考货币的汇率可能是网状分布的,使用参考货币就是以参考货币为中心分布的.SE16: V_TCURFCurrently, both in the sales order and billing document always take the exchange rate value from exchange rate type EURX instead of M. This is because the FI configuration setting always default to the EURX exchange rate type for EUR <-> USD, thus it need to be changed so it can take the rate with the exchange rate type M.In the current setting, the EURX has been defined in the currency translation ratio for exchange rate type M. The EURX need to be removed from column "Alt. ERT" for exchange rate type M for currency translation from USD <-> EUR.就是说不使用EURX做EUR<->USD而是使用M exch. Rate type ,该死的Exch. Rate EURX .外币评估:OB59,OBA1->KDF|OB09注意Z001/Z002使用的exch. Rate是C, Z002选上了Balance Valuat.选择.TMD这个破Balance valut.是篾意思?看SAP的帮助Balance Valuation for Open ItemsIf you select this parameter, open items are balanced per account or group and currency. The balance is valuated according to the valuation method. The valuation difference is posted as an expense or revenue (per account, only revenue OR expense).If you do not select this parameter, the open items are summarized and valuated per reference number.If there is no reference number, each line item is valuated individually. The differences that arise are posted as an expense or revenue (per account, expense AND revenue).Example: 3 line items: A, B and CA Reference number 1 100 USD 190B Reference number 1 30-USD 50-C No reference number 10 USD 151) No balance valuation, lowest value principle, spot exchange rate 1.8Total from A + B 70 USD 140 DEM Valuation difference 14- DEM( 70 * 1.8 = 126 126 - 140 = - 14)C 10 USD 15 DEM No valuation, due to lowestvalue principle2) Balance valuation, lowest value principle, spot exchange rate 1.8Total A - C 80 USD 155 DEM Valuation difference = 11- DEM(80 * 1.8 = 144 - 155 = - 11)The total is posted as an expense.3) No balance valuation, revaluation and devaluation, spot exchangerate 1.8Total A + B 70 USD 140 DEM valuation difference 14- DEM( 70 * 1.8 = 126 126 - 140 = - 14)C 10 USD 15 DEN valuation difference +3 DEMPostings, expense 14 DEM, revenue 3 DEMZ004同Z003唯一不同的是Z004的Balance Valuat.选上了,Z003和Z004是专门重置外币评估的方法外币评估F.05通常分成2类评估1. 以外币记帐的客户/供应商/总帐未清项(D/K/S)-> 对所有的未清项进行评估(余额虽为0,但有未清项)2. 以外币记帐的资产负债表科目(即科目货币非本位币) -> 对外币余额进行评估确定评估差异有两种方法:1. 在资产负债表出表日确认并在下月1日冲销2. 在资产负债表出表日确认并更新被评估的未清项,不冲销未清项的评估是在外币的汇率有变化时,对有涉及外币未清项的科目按统驭科目或科目类型、按币种、分借贷分别进行统计其由于汇率变化产生的差额,将变化额按科目类型和币种进行帐务调整。
公司会计外币汇率的确定方法
公司会计外币汇率的确定方法Determining the exchange rate for foreign currencies in company accounting can be a complex and critical process. 公司会计在确定外币汇率时可能是一个复杂而关键的过程。
There are several methods that can be used to determine the exchange rate for foreign currencies, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. 有几种方法可以用来确定外币汇率,每种方法都有其优缺点。
One common method is to use the current spot exchange rate, which is the rate at which currencies are traded for immediate delivery. 一种常见的方法是使用当前即期汇率,即货币即刻交付的汇率。
This method provides a real-time reflection of the market exchange rate, but it may not accurately reflect the rate at which the company will actually exchange its currency. 这种方法提供了市场汇率的实时反映,但可能无法准确反映公司实际兑换货币的汇率。
Another method is to use the historical exchange rate, which is the rate at which currencies were traded in the past. 另一种方法是使用历史汇率,即过去货币交易的汇率。
SAP外币业务处理要点
1.1外币业务处理1.1.1外币业务配置1.1.1.1定义评估方法:Valuation Procedure(评估过程)的内容:1. Lowest value principle:最低价值原则。
在评估的时候,如果因汇率变动导致收益,则评估不产生记录;如果因汇率变动导致的损失,则评估产生记录。
宁可低估,不可高估,类似会计准则中的“谨慎性原则”。
2. Strict Lowest value principle: 和1基本一致。
3. Always valuate: 一般评估。
此种情况下评估,不论汇率变动导致收益还是损益,都会生成凭证。
和K/3的调汇原理一致。
4. Revalue only: 评估只算收益,不算损失。
此方法与第1种方法正好相反,评估时,只记因汇率变动导致的收益,不计损失。
5. Reset: 反评估。
把评估的结果返回到评估之前的状态,即Old Differences的状态。
6. Document Type :凭证类型。
评估时产生凭证的类型。
评估时需要读取汇率变化类型的来源。
7. Debt bal exch rate type: 科目余额在借方时所用汇率变化类型8. Creditbalexch rate tyep: 科目余额在贷方时所用汇率变化类型系统根据7/8的定义,从currency exchange rate中取的评估汇率(调整汇率),然后计算此科目评估汇率×外币余额与本位币余额之间的差异,再根据V区中的设置判断是否需要评估生成凭证。
1.1.1.2定义评估范围:1.1.1.3定义评估的自动记账科目1、KDB:是配置需要进行外币评估的一般总账科目,如存在外币余额的银行存款。
6603040000财务费用-汇兑损益-净损失6603030000财务费用-汇兑损益-净收益汇率差额代码需要在总账科目中进行维护,由于这里是空值,总账科目默认情况下是空值,因此不需要进一步维护。
重估后产生会计凭证:2、KDF:是配置D/F/S。
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Valuation area
Enter the valuation area. We’ll use the valuation area created in our configuration steps explained in the previous sections.
Foreign currency valuation
Configuration of the foreign currency valuation includes the following steps:
1.Define the valuation method.
SPRO • Financial Accounting (New) • General Ledger Accounting (New) • Periodic Processing • Valuate • Define Valuation Methods
Determine Exch. Rate Type from Acct Bal.
Select if you want the account balance in the relevant foreign currency to determine the exchange rate type.
Exch. Rate type from invoice reference
date, Posting date, Posting period, Reversal posting
date, and Reversal post. period as required. In the New
GL, you can no longer run the program without selecting the
一个评估范围实际上是一个评估方法和一个会计准则的组合
3.Assign the valuation areas and accounting principles.
一个area只能有一个principle
一个principle可以赋予多个area
4.Set the account determination to prepare for automatic postings for foreign currency valuation.
-Lossaccount :The expense account where the valuation loss will be posted.
-Gainaccount :The income aБайду номын сангаасcount where the valuation gain will be posted.
-Balance sheet adjustmentaccount :The balance sheet account where the valuation is posted.
Document Type
Enter the relevant document type that will be used to post the valuation documents. Note that the valuation postingsnever take place directly on customers’ or vendors’ reconciliation accountsbecause they go to theadjustment accountsexplained later in the configuration.
ExchRateType forCredit Bal
Enter the exchange rate type for credit balances that will be used to retrieve the exchange rate valid at the time of valuation. The standard exchange rate type is M, which is used for valuation if you don’t specify an exchange rate type.
reversal option. This option is possible only within the classic
GL by selecting the Balance Sheet Preparation Valuation
flag.
Open Items Tab
Enter details of the customers, vendors, and GL accounts for which open items posted in foreign currencies need to bevaluatedusing this program. You can include all of the open items—customers, vendors, and GL accounts—in one session or split the sessions: one for customers, one for vendors, and one for GL accounts.
Field
Description
Valuation Procedure
-Lowest Value Principle
-Strict lowest value
principle
-Always evaluate
-Revalue only
Select the best option that you want to use to valuate open items. In most cases, companies choose Always evaluate because this option results in open items selected for valuation in every run irrespective of a revaluation or devaluation.
Miscellaneous Tab
Specify and configure the list variants for open items.
Settings in this tab are optional, so if you don’t set anything
here, the system uses the default variant.
Select if you want the balance per invoice reference and currency to determine the exchange rate type.
2.Define the valuation areas.
一个area只能有一个method
一个method可以赋予多个area
Exchange Rate Determination
ExchRateType for Debit Bal
Enter the exchange rate type for debit balances that will be used to retrieve the exchange rate valid at the time of valuation. The standard exchange rate type is M, which is used for valuation if you don’t specify an exchange rate type.
Foreign currency valuation processing
Field
Description
General Data Selection Tab
Company Code
Enter your relevant company code.
Evaluation Key Date
Enter the key date that will help the program identify which
Postings Tab
Select the Create Posting flag as you are running this
programto generate postings. If you are running in test
mode, then you can leave itunflagged. Enter the Document
Post per Line Item
Select if you want to generate one posting for each open item that will bevaluatedusing this valuation method. We recommend that you do not select this option because it might lead to a large number of postings.