医学词汇复习提纲 (Chapter 4-7)

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医学领域英语词汇全集

医学领域英语词汇全集以下是医学领域常用的英语词汇全集，供参考：1. Anatomy（解剖学）- Skeleton（骨骼）- Muscles（肌肉）- Organs（器官）- Nerves（神经）2. Physiology（生理学）- Circulatory system（循环系统）- Respiratory system（呼吸系统）- Digestive system（消化系统）- Endocrine system（内分泌系统）3. Diseases（疾病）- Cancer（癌症）- Diabetes（糖尿病）- Hypertension（高血压）- Influenza（流感）4. Medical Procedures（医疗程序）- Surgery（外科手术）- Radiology（放射学）- Physical therapy（物理疗法）- Chemotherapy（化疗）5. Medications（药物）- Antibiotics（抗生素）- Analgesics（止痛药）- Antidepressants（抗抑郁药）- Antihistamines（抗组胺药）6. Medical Equipment（医疗设备）- Stethoscope（听诊器）- X-ray machine（X光机）- Ultrasound machine（超声波机）- Blood pressure monitor（血压计）7. Medical Specialties（医学专业）- Cardiology（心脏病学）- Dermatology（皮肤病学）- Gynecology（妇科学）- Pediatrics（儿科学）8. Medical Ethics（医学伦理）- Informed consent（知情同意）- Confidentiality（保密性）- Patient autonomy（患者自主权）- Non-maleficence（不伤害原则）9. Medical Research（医学研究）- Clinical trials（临床试验）- Case studies（病例研究）- Epidemiology（流行病学）- Genetic research（遗传研究）以上是医学领域常用的英语词汇全集。

医学备考知识点总结大全

医学备考知识点总结大全一、解剖学1. 人体解剖结构：骨骼、肌肉、器官、血管、淋巴系统等2. 人体各器官的位置、形态、结构和功能3. 人体解剖学的平面解剖、三维解剖和临床解剖应用4. 人体解剖学与影像学、手术解剖学等相关知识二、生理学1. 细胞生理学：细胞结构、细胞器功能、细胞代谢等2. 人体生理学：呼吸、循环、消化、排泄、内分泌、神经、感觉、运动、生殖等系统的结构和功能3. 人体生理学的调节和平衡机制4. 人体生理学与疾病、药物治疗等相关知识三、病理学1. 病理生理学：疾病的发生、发展、转归和治疗2. 细胞病理学：细胞病变、增生、肿瘤等3. 组织病理学：各种疾病的病理变化和组织形态学特征4. 临床病理学：病理诊断、病理生理学与疾病治疗的关系等五、药理学1. 药物的化学结构、药效学及作用机制2. 药物的代谢、排泄、药动学和药代动力学3. 药物在治疗和预防疾病中的应用和副作用4. 药物治疗的原则、药物应用的规范与禁忌等六、微生物学1. 病原微生物的分类、结构、生长和代谢特点2. 病原微生物的传播途径、致病机制和防治措施3. 医院感染、抗菌药物的应用和耐药性问题4. 病原微生物与疾病的关系、免疫和免疫治疗七、临床医学1. 临床诊断学：临床症状、体征和实验室检查的意义和应用2. 临床治疗学：内科、外科、妇产科、儿科、骨科等各专业的常见病、多发病的治疗及抢救措施3. 临床实践：临床医生的专业素养和能力，临床技能和常见医疗操作的规范和要求4. 临床医学的发展和新的研究成果八、公共卫生学1. 流行病学：疾病的流行规律、发病原因和干预措施2. 保健与预防：预防传染病、营养与健康、环境与健康、职业与健康等3. 医学伦理学：医患关系、生命伦理、医学处置、临终关怀等4. 医学法律学：医疗事故、医患纠纷、医疗纠纷处理和医学责任以上是医学备考的各个知识点的概要内容，具体备考的过程中，应当结合相关的医学教材和参考书籍、医学课件、医学期刊和临床经验等内容进行系统学习。

临床医学英语复习提纲.doc

Part I1.Saturated fat 饱和脂肪,Cholesterol 胆固醇,Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化, Arrhythmia心率失常，心率不齐,Congestive heart failure充血性心力衰竭,White-coat hypertension 白大褂高血压,Myocardial infarction 心肌梗死, Secondary hypertension 继发性高血压，Stethoscope 听诊器，Insulin 胰岛素, Angina 心绞痛，Renal (kidney) hypertension 肾性高血压，Spirometry Test 肺活量测试，Ejection fraction 射血分数，the standard of Normal Blood pressure and hypertension, the regular and abnormal values of diabetes 糖床病，Tidal volume潮气量，Respiratory rate呼吸频率，Minute volume每分呼吸量汾钟Residual volume 残气虽，Respiration 呼吸，一次呼吸，Extrinsic asthma 外源性哮喘and Intrinsic asthma 内源性哮喘，CPR cardio pulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术,bronchospasni 支气管痉挛,plaque 纤维气管破损(the buildup of cholesterol and other substances in artery walls, which can narrow an artery and reduce the flow of blood in arteries that feed the heart and its ruptures cause blood clots to form).2.The four methods of examination in Diagnostics of TCM 中医3.The two basic philosophic 哲学foundation of TCM:4.The classification of hospital5.The function and effect of vitamin A,D, E, K, C, B1, B2Part II1.Definition^ symptoms of disease: hypertension, DM, CHD, Asthma归Congestive heart failure( a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough oxygenated blood to meet the needs of the body's other organs), and Ulcer.1)What is asthma? What are its symptoms? Why does asthma make breathing difficult?1)Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory lung disease, characterized by increased or exaggerated responsiveness to a variety of stimuli, resulting in bronchospasm, airway narrowing, and chronic inflammation.2)Symptoms of Asthma:Wheezing, cough, especially at night, chest tightness, shortness of breath characteristically occur or worsen at night, stuffy or runny nose, behavioral changes, agitation, irritability, decreased appetite, dark circles under eyes, etc.3)Air enters the respiratory system from the nose and mouth and travels through the bronchial tubes・In a non-asthmatic person, the muscles around the bronchial tubes are relaxed and the tissue thin, allowing for easy airflow・In an asthmatic person, the muscles of the bronchial tubes are tighten and thicken, and the air passages become inflamed and mucus-filled, making it difficult for air to move.2.What are the differences between type I diabetes and type II diabetes?Diabetes is a condition where the body is unable to automatically regulate blood glucose levels because the body cannot produce or has lost sensitivity to insulin, resulting in too much glucose in the blood. It can be divided into type I diabetes and type II diabetes・ Their differences are as follows:1)Type 1 diabetes, called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus most commonly begins during childhood・The pancreas no longer makes insulin and so the glucose cannot enter the muscle because cells that produce insulin in the pancreas have been destroyed by the immune system・The onset of Type 1 diabetes is usually sudden, due to a rapid build up of glucose in the blood stream.It accounts for about 15% of people with diabetes・Treatment involves daily injections of insulin together with healthy eating and physical activity・2)Type 2 diabetes is known to be a lifestyle-related condition that can "run in families^,.The pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or the insulin is less effective.The onset of type 2 diabetes is usually slow, due to a gradual build up of glucose in the blood stream.Most people with diabetes have type 2 (85%). It generally occurs in those over 40 years old.Treatment involves healthy eating, physical activity and in some cases, tablets or insulin may be required・3.What roles do the respiratory muscles play in the course of inspiration and expiration?When breathing in:1)Intercostal muscles between the ribs contract, pulling the chest walls up and out;2)The diaphragm muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest;3)The lungs increase in size, so the pressure inside them falls. This causes air to rush in through the nose or mouth・When breathing out:1)Intercostal muscles between the ribs relax so that the chest walls move in and down;2)The diaphragm muscle below the lungs relaxes and bulges up, reducing the size of the chest;3)The lungs decrease in size, so the pressure inside increases and air is pushed up the trachea and out through the nose or mouth.4・ What are the essential characteristics of TCM?5. What is aerobic and anaerobic respiration?6・What is CHD/CAD? What are their symptoms? Please give a brief introduction to the treatment in medication and surgery with examples.1 ・ CHD/CAD is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart (coronary arteries). It usually results from the build up of fatty material and plaque・ As the coronary arteries narrow, the flow of blood to the heart can slow or stop・2.The disease can cause chest pain (stable angina), shortness of breath, heart attack (myocardial infarction), or other symptoms.3.Many people arc able to manage coronary artcry disease with medications and surgery. Medications include:1)ACE Inhibitors: Cornerstone of heart failure therapy; Proven to slow the progression of heart failure2)Vasodilators cause blood vessels to expand lowering blood pressure and the hearts work load3)Digitalis can increase the force of the hearts contractions, relieve symptoms and slows heart rate and certain irregular heart beats4)Other people with severe coronary artery disease may need angioplasty or surgery such as 1) Stenting 2) Angioplasty 3) Bypass surgery.。

基础医学各论2 词汇打印版(消化系统,呼吸系统,泌尿系统)

秋第一周词汇呼吸系统respiratory system消化系统digestive system能量代谢energy metabolism体温body temperature发热fever泌尿系统urinary system上呼吸道upper respiratory tract 下呼吸道lower respiratory tract 鼻腔nasal cavity鼻阈limen nasi鼻甲nasal conchae鼻道nasal meatuses蝶筛隐窝sphenoethmoidal recess 鼻泪管nasolacrimal duct嗅区olfactory region鼻旁窦paranasal sinuses额窦frontal sinus上颌窦maxillary sinus筛窦ethmoidal sinus蝶窦sphenoidal sinus咽pharynx 喉larynx甲状软骨thyroid cartilage环状软骨cricoid cartilage会厌软骨epiglottic cartilage弹性圆锥conus elasticus声襞(或声带) vocal fold(or vocal cord) 声门裂rima glottidis气管trachea气管杈bifurcation of trachea气管隆嵴carina of trachea支气管bronchus肺lung 肺门hilum of lung肺根root of lung支气管肺段bronchopulmonary segments纵隔mediastinum壁胸膜parietal pleura胸膜腔pleural cavity胸膜隐窝（胸膜窦）pleural recesses秋第二周词汇支气管Bronchoile肺泡Pulmonary alveolus尘细胞Dust cell气-血屏障Blood-air barrier呼吸Respiration肺通气Pulmonary ventilation呼吸运动Respiratory movement吸气运动Inspiratory movement用力呼吸Forced breathing呼吸困难Dyspnea肺内压Intrapulmonary pressure胸内压Intrapleural pressure肺顺应性Lung compliance表面活性物质Surfactant肺容积Pulmonary volume肺容量Pulmonary capacity潮气量Tidal volume补吸气量Inspiratory reserve volume补呼气量Expiratory reserve volume残气量Residual volume深吸气量Inspiratory capacity功能残气量Functional residual capacity肺活量Vital capacity用力呼气量Forced expiratory volume时间肺活量Timed vital capacity每分通气量Minute ventilation volume最大随意通气量Maximal voluntary ventilation解剖无效腔Anatomical dead space肺泡无效腔Alveolar dead space肺泡通气量Alveolar ventilation volume呼吸膜Respiratory membrane肺通气/血流比值Ventilation/perfusion ratio，V/Q紫绀Cyanosis氧容量Oxygen capacity氧含量Oxygen content氧饱和度Oxygen saturation氧合血红蛋白解离曲线Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve呼吸中枢Respiratory center外周化学感受Peripheral chemoreceptor中枢化学感受器Central chemoreceptor秋第三周词汇慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis肺气肿emphysema肺不张，肺萎缩atelectasis肺心病corpulmonale肺炎pneumonia大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia小叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia支气管肺炎bronchopneumonia间质性肺炎intertital pneumonia支原体肺炎myocoplasmal pneumonia病毒性肺炎virus pneumonai支气管扩张bronchiectasis尘肺pneumoconiosis矽肺silicosis矽肺结核病Silicotuberculosis鼻咽癌nasopharyngal carcinoma肺癌carcinoma of lung郎罕氏巨细胞Langhans’giant cell结核结节tubercle原发性肺结核primary pulmonary tuberculosis原发综合征primary complex继发性肺结核secondary pulmonary tuberculosis结核球tuberculoma秋第五周词汇缺氧Hypoxia 低氧血症Hypoxemia 氧分压Partial pressure of oxygen氧容量Oxygen capacity氧含量Oxygen content氧饱和度Oxygensaturation低张性缺氧Hypotonic hypoxia血液性缺氧Hemic hypoxia等张性低氧血症isotonic hypoxia循环性缺氧Circulatory hypoxia组织性缺氧Histogenous hypoxia发绀cyanosis高铁血红蛋白血症Methemoglobinemia 碳氧血红蛋白血症Carboxyhemoglobinemia 肠原性发绀Enterogenous cyanosis呼吸衰竭Respiratory failure限制性通气不足Restrictive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足Obstructive hypoventilation 等压点Isobaric point肺泡通气与血流比例失调Ventilation-perfusion imbalance 功能性分流Functional shunt死腔样通气Dead-space like ventilation 真正分流True shunt 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS肺性脑病Pulmonary encephalopathy潮式呼吸Cheyne-stokes respiration秋第六周词汇慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis肺气肿pulmonary emphysema阻塞性肺气肿obstructive emphysema腺泡中央型或小叶中央型肺气肿centriacinar or centrilobular emphysema全腺泡型或全小叶型肺气肿panacinar or panlobular emphysema间隔旁肺气肿paraseptal emphysema间质性肺气肿interstitial emphysema大泡性肺气肿bullous emphysema支气管扩张症bronchiectasis尘肺pneumoconiosis 硅肺silicosis肺源性心脏病Corpulmonale肺肉质变pulmonary carnification急性大块性肺不张acute massive collapse of lung硅肺伴结核silicosis with tuberculsis肺癌carcinoma of lung消化系统digestive (alimentaey) system口腔mouth cavity恒牙permanent teeth乳牙deciduous teeth唾液腺salivary gland腮腺parotid gland下颌下腺submandibular gland舌下腺sublingual gland咽pharynx 腭扁桃体palatine tonsils咽淋巴环tonsilar ring食管esophagus 胃stomach贲门cardiac orifice幽门pyloric orifice胃大弯greater curvature胃小弯Lesser curvature小肠small intestine十二指肠duodenum肝胰壶腹Hepatopancreatic ampulla十二指肠大乳头Major duodenal papilla十二指肠空肠曲Duodenojejunal flexure空肠jejunum 回肠ileum大肠large intestine 盲肠caecum回盲瓣ileocecal valve阑尾vermiform appendix结肠colon升结肠ascending colon横结肠transverse colon降结肠descending colon乙状结肠sigmoid colon直肠rectum 肛管anal canal肛门anus 齿状线dentate line秋第七周词汇镇咳药Antitussives中枢性镇咳药Centrally acting antitussives外周性镇咳药Peripherally acting antitussives成瘾性镇咳药Addictive antitussives非成瘾性镇咳Non-addictive antitussives可待因Codeine右美沙芬Dextromethorphan喷托维林Pentoxyverine苯佐那酯Benzonatate祛痰药Expectorants痰液稀释药Sputum-diluting drugs粘痰溶解药Mucolytic drugs氯化铵Amonium chloride溴己新Bromhexine乙酰半胱氨酸Acetylcysteine氨溴索Ambroxol羧甲司坦Carbocisteine美司坦Methylcysteine平喘药Antiasthmatic drugsβ2肾上腺素受体选择性激动药β2-Adrenoceptor selective agonists肾上腺素Adrenaline, Epinephrine异丙肾上腺素Isoprenaline沙丁胺醇Salbuterol克仑特罗Clenterol特布他林Terbutaline福莫特罗Formoterol沙美特罗Salmeterol茶碱类Theophyllines氨茶碱Aminophylline胆茶碱Choline theophyllineM胆碱受体阻断药Muscarinic antagonists 异丙基阿托品Ipratropine肾上腺糖皮质激素Glucocorticosteroids 吸入型糖皮质激素Inhaled glucocorticosteroids倍氯米松Beclomethasone dipropionate 氟尼缩松Flunisolide布地奈德Budesonide曲安奈德Triamcinolone acetonide过敏介质释放抑制药Inhibitors of mediator release 色甘酸钠Disodium cromoglycate (romolyn) 奈多罗米Nedocromil sodium酮替芬Ketotifen白三烯拮抗剂Leukotriene antagonists 扎鲁司特Zafirlukast秋第八周词汇肝liver 肝门porta hepatis胆囊gallbladder胆囊管cystic duct 胆总管common bile duct(or choledochal duct)胰pancreas 消化系统digestive system黏膜mucosa 黏膜下层submucosa肌层muscularis 纤维膜fibrosa浆膜serosa 食管esophagus表面黏液细胞surface mucous cell胃底腺fundic gland主细胞chief cell壁细胞parietal cell细胞内分泌小管intracellular secretorycanaliculus小肠small intestine吸收细胞absorptive cell潘氏细胞Paneth cell大肠large intestine阑尾appendix秋第九周词汇消化腺Digestive gland胰腺Pancreas泡心细胞Centroacinar cell胰岛Pancreas islet高血糖素Glucagon胰岛素Insulin 肝小叶Hepatic lobule肝细胞Hepatocyte门管区Portal area胆囊Ball gladder消化Digestion吸收Absorption基本电节律或慢波Basic electrical rhythm (BER) or slow waves胃肠激素Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones唾液Saliva咀嚼Mastication 吞咽Deglutition胃蛋白酶原Pepsinogen胃排空Gastric emptying移行性复合运动Migrating motor complex，MMC促胃液素Gastrin冬第一周词汇胰淀粉酶Pancreaticamylase胰脂肪酶Pancreaticlipase胰蛋白酶Trypsin糜蛋白酶Chymotrypsin促胰液素Secretin缩胆囊素Cholecystokinin,CCK容受性舒张Receptiverelaxation内因子Intrinsicfactor食物特殊动力效应Specificdynamic action of food肠上皮化生Intestinalmetaplasia幽门螺旋杆菌Helicobacter pylori消化性溃疡peptic ulcer急性蜂窝织性阑尾炎acutephlegmonous appendicitis病毒性肝炎viralhepatitis点状坏死spottynecrosis碎片状坏死piecemeal necrosis桥接坏死bridging necrosis大块坏死massivenecrosis亚大块坏死submassivenecrosis嗜酸性小体Acidophilic body毛玻璃样肝细胞Ground-glasshepatocyteMallory小体Mallory’sbody急性重型肝炎acutesevere hepatitis亚急性重型肝炎subacute severe hepatitis假小叶Pseudolobule门脉性肝硬化portal cirrhosis坏死后性肝硬化postnecroticcirrhosis脾肿大splenomegaly 腹水ascites食道静脉曲张Esophageal varices低白蛋白血症hypoalbuminemia肝昏迷hepatic coma肝细胞性肝癌hepatocellular carcinoma早期胃癌early gastric carcinoma冬第二周词汇抗消化性溃疡药Drugs used in the treatmentof peptic ulcers抗药酸Antacids氢氧化镁Magnesium hydroxide三硅酸镁Magnesium trisilicate氢氧化铝Aluminum hydroxide抑制胃酸分泌药Drugs inhibiting gastric acid secretion H2受体阻断药H2 receptor antagonists H+泵（质子泵）抑制药H+-K+-ATPase inhibitors(proton pump inhibitors) 胃泌素受体阻断药Gastrin receptor antagonists 胃黏膜保护药Mucosal protective drugs 西咪替丁Cimetidine雷尼替丁Ranitidine法莫替丁Famotidine奥美拉唑Omeprazole兰索拉唑Lansoprazole泮托拉唑Pantoprazole哌仑西平Pirenzepine丙谷胺Proglumide米索前列醇Misoprostol恩前列素Enprostil硫糖铝Sucralfate枸橼酸铋钾Colloidal bismuth subcitrate 抗幽门螺杆菌药Antimicrobial drugs for Helicobacter pylori 甲硝唑Metronidazole阿莫西林Amoxicillin四环素Tetracycline 庆大霉素Gentamicin克拉霉素Clarithromycin止吐药Antiemetic drugs胃肠动力药Prokinetic drugs5-HT3受体阻断药5-HT3 receptor antagonists昂丹司琼Ondansetron多巴胺受体阻断剂Dopamine receptor antagonists甲氧氯普胺Metoclopramide多潘立酮(吗丁林) Domperidone西沙必利Cisapride止泻药Laxatives吸附药Absorbants阿片制剂Opium preparations地芬诺酯Diphenoxylate洛哌丁胺Loperamine鞣酸蛋白Tannalbin药用炭Medical charchol泻药Laxatives硫酸镁Magnesium sulfate乳果糖Lactulose 酚酞Phenolphthalein液状石蜡Liquid paraffin甘油Glycerol冬第三周词汇能量代谢Energy metabolism间接测热法Indirect calorimetry食物的卡价Caloric value食物的氧热价Thermal equivalent of oxygen呼吸商Respiratory quotient (RQ)非蛋白呼吸商Non-protein Respiratory quotient (NPRQ)基础代谢率Basal metabolic rate (BMR)深部温度Core temperature表层温度Shell temperature体温Body temperature视前区-下丘脑前部Preoptic anteriorhypothalamus (PO/AH)冷敏神经元Cold-sensitive neuron热敏神经元Warm-sensitive neuron调定点Set point 发热fever过热hyperthermia发热激活物pyrogenic activator内生致热原endogenous pyrogen, EP内生致冷原endogenous cryogen本胆烷醇酮etiocholanolone精氨酸加压素arginine vasopressin, AVP高温稽留期fastigium冬第四周词汇泌尿系统urinary system肾kidney 肾门renal hilum肾盂renal pelvis输尿管ureter膀胱urinary bladder膀胱三角trigone of bladder尿道urethra肾单位nephron足细胞potocyte滤过屏障filtration barrier肾小体renal corpuscle肾小管renal tubule球旁复合体juxtaglomerular complex肾素renin间质细胞interstitial cell第五周词汇排泄Excretion 髓袢Loop of Henle肾小球Glomerulus近球小体Juxtaglomerular apparatus直小血管Vasa recta致密斑Macula densa窗孔Fenestration裂孔膜Filtration slit membrane肾小球滤过率Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)滤过分数Filtration fraction有效滤过压Effective filtration pressure水利尿Water diuresis渗透性利尿Osmotic diuresis重吸收Reabsorption分泌Secretion 同向转运Cotransport逆向转运Antiport原发性主动转运Primary active transport 继发性主动转运Secondary active transport 管-球反馈Tubuloglomerular feedback球-管平衡Glomerulotubular balance肾素Renin 血管紧张素Angiotensin醛固酮Aldosterone抗利尿激素Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 尿崩症Diabetes insipidus促红细胞生成素Erythropoietin (EPO)清除率Clearance 排尿Micturition冬第六周词汇肾小球肾炎glomerulonephritis弥漫性肾小球肾炎diffuse glomerulonephritis 局灶性肾小球肾炎focal glomerulonephritis 急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis 急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎acute poststreptococcal glomerulonehrtis 急性肾炎综合征acute nephritic syndrome 新月体性肾小球肾炎crescentic glomerulonephritis 快速进行性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis快速进行性肾炎综合征rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome膜性肾小球肾炎membranous glmerulonephritis肾病综合征nephrotic syndrome血管间质毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis膜性增生性肾小球肾炎membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis轻微病变性肾小球肾炎minimal change glomerulonephritis脂性肾病lipoid nephrosis慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis慢性肾炎综合征chronic nephritic syndrome颗粒状固缩肾granular contracted kidney尿毒症uremia肾盂肾炎pyelonephritis急性肾盂肾炎acute pyelonephritis慢性肾盂肾炎chronic pyelonephritis冬第七周词汇肾功能不全renal Insufficiency急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis氮质血症azotemia慢性肾功能衰竭chronic renal failure矫枉失衡假说trade off hypothesis健存肾单位假Intact nephron hypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis肾性骨营养不良renal osteodystrophy尿毒症uremia 少尿Oliguria夜尿Nocturia 多尿Polyuria肾性高血压renal hypertension肾性佝偻病renal rickets肾性贫血renal anemia冬第八周词汇利尿药Diuretics脱水药Dehydrant drugs袢利尿药Loop diuretics噻嗪类利尿药Thiazide diuretics保钾利尿药K+-sparing diuretics呋塞米Furosemide依他尼酸Etacrynic acid布美他尼Bumetanide氢氯噻嗪Hydrochlorothiazide氯噻酮Chlortalidone安体舒通(螺内酯) Spironolactone氨苯喋啶Triamterene阿米洛利Amiloride甘露醇Mannitol山梨醇Sorbitol高渗葡萄糖Hypertonic glucose。

chapter 4 (7) cause and effect

How to Organize
Single-Cause-Many-Effect
Cause
effect effect effect
A Rough Outline
I. Introduction: I went back to college after twenty years of being a housewife. II. Negative effects A. My husband feels intimidated. B. My children are not perfectly clean. C. I don’t have enough time for my own reading. III. Positive effects A. My husband is learning to deal with his children. B. My children are learning to deal with their father. C. I am nicer. IV. Conclusion
Single-Cause-Single-Effect I. Introduction: I used to claim that most inequalities between men and women had been eliminated in modern society. II. Last summer, I worked as a waitress while my husband worked in a factory. III. That summer turned me into a feminist. IV. Conclusion.
How to Introduce

(完整版)医学专业英语词汇

(完整版)医学专业英语词汇医学专业英语词汇1. 基础词汇- Medicine - 医学- Clinic - 诊所- Doctor - 医生- Patient - 患者- Hospital - 医院- Health - 健康- Disease - 疾病- Treatment - 治疗- Symptom - 症状- Diagnosis - 诊断- Prescription - 处方- Surgery - 手术- Laboratory - 实验室- Research - 研究- University - 大学- Medical - 医疗的- Nurse - 护士- Pharmacist - 药剂师- Therapist - 治疗师- Vaccine - 疫苗- X-ray - X光片- HIV - 人类免疫缺陷病毒- Cancer - 癌症- Diabetes - 糖尿病- Heart - 心脏- Kidney - 肾脏- Liver - 肝脏2. 解剖学词汇- Anatomy - 解剖学- Skeleton - 骨骼- Muscle - 肌肉- Nervous system - 神经系统- Digestive system - 消化系统- Respiratory system - 呼吸系统- Circulatory system - 循环系统- Skeletal system - 骨骼系统- Muscular system - 肌肉系统- Nervous tissue - 神经组织- Respiratory tract - 呼吸道- Circulatory system - 循环系统- Digestive tract - 消化道- Central nervous system - 中枢神经系统- Peripheral nervous system - 外周神经系统- Endocrine system - 内分泌系统- Urinary system - 泌尿系统3. 疾病词汇- Infection - 感染- Allergy - 过敏- Fever - 发烧- Inflammation - 炎症- Pain - 疼痛- Cough - 咳嗽- Headache - 头痛- Fatigue - 疲劳- Depression - 抑郁症- High blood pressure - 高血压- Arthritis - 关节炎- Asthma - 哮喘- Alzheimer's disease - 阿尔茨海默病- Stroke - 中风- Multiple sclerosis - 多发性硬化症- Pneumonia - 肺炎- Cancer - 癌症- Diabetes - 糖尿病- Heart disease - 心脏病- Kidney disease - 肾脏疾病- Liver disease - 肝脏疾病- Sexually transmitted disease - 性传播疾病4. 检查和测试词汇- Blood test - 血液检查- Urine test - 尿液检查- X-ray - X光检查- Ultrasound - 超声波- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 磁共振成像- ECG (Electrocardiogram) - 心电图- PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography) - 正电子发射断层扫描- Colonoscopy - 结肠镜检查- Pap smear - 涂片检查- Biopsy - 活检- Lymph node biopsy - 淋巴结活检- Bone marrow biopsy - 骨髓活检5. 药物相关词汇- Medication - 药物- Drug - 药品- Prescription - 处方药- Over-the-counter (OTC) - 非处方药- Antibiotics - 抗生素- Analgesics - 镇痛药- Antidepressants - 抗抑郁药- Antipyretics - 退热药- Antihistamines - 抗组织胺药- Anticoagulants - 抗凝药- Opioids - 麻醉药- Diuretics - 利尿药- Antivirals - 抗病毒药- Anti-inflammatory - 抗炎药- Beta blockers - 贝塔受体阻滞剂- Statins - 他汀类药物- Vaccines - 疫苗- Insulin - 胰岛素- Cholesterol-lowering drugs - 降低胆固醇药物以上是医学专业英语词汇的一部分，希望对您的学习和工作有所帮助。

医学英语词汇复习

医学英语词汇复习一、单词homeostatic adj. 体内平衡的homeostasis n. 体内平衡geriatrics n. (做单数用)老人病学metabolism n. 新陈代谢extracellular adj （位于或发生于）细胞外的collagen n. 胶原质tendon n. [解]腱atheroma n. （pl. atheromas , atheromata）动脉粥样化atherosclerosis n. 动脉粥样硬化elastin n. 弹性蛋白glucose n. 葡萄糖mitosis n. (细胞的)有丝分裂radical adj [化]基（free radical 自由基，游离基）selenium n. 硒antioxidant n. 抗氧化剂superoxide n. 过氧化物bolster v. 支持enzyme n. 酶dismutase n. 歧化酶embryo n. 胚胎transcription n. [生物学]转录，信使核糖核酸的形成macromolecule n. 巨大分子，高分子intrinsically adv. 内在地（固有地，本征地，实质地）replicate v. 复制amino adj. 氨基的sickle-cell anemia 镰状细胞血症cystic adj. 包囊的，膀胱的，胆囊的fibrosis n. 纤维症hemophilia n. 血友病inhibitor n. 抑制剂immunodeficiency n. [生]免疫缺陷myocardial adj. [解]心肌的infarction n. 梗塞schizophrenia n. 精神分裂症outmoded adj 过时的，不时髦的milieu n. 周围ramification n. 交叉；分裂；衍生物morphology n. 形态学pathology n. 病理学histopathology n. 组织病理学cytopathology n. 细胞病理学haematology n. 血液学，血液病学toxicology n. 毒理学，毒物学cellular adj （生）细胞的，细胞质（状）的coagulable adj 可凝结的chromosome n. 染色体forensic adj 法医的，关于或应用法律程序的congenital adj（指疾病等）生来的，先天的inflammation n. （医）红肿，炎症tumor n. 肿块，肿瘤degeneration n. （生）退化appendicitis n. 阑尾炎systemic adj （生理）全身的，人体的systematic adj. 系统的carcinoma n. (carcinomas , carcinomata) 癌synonymous adj （后面与with连用）同义的be bereft of 丧失，剥夺allergy n. 变态反应，过敏反应antigen n. 抗原sequester vt. 使隔绝，使分离lymphatic n. 淋巴管effector n. 效应物sensitized adj. 致敏的precommitted adj. 前定向的polyclonal adj. 多细胞的precursor n. 先质，前体specificity n. 特异性mosaic n. 嵌合体，镶嵌体spectrum n. 系列，范围epitope n. 表位humoral adj, 体液的ensue vi. 接着发生，结果产生hapten n. 半抗原erythrocyte n. 红细胞distortion n. 扭转propensity n. 倾向，习性shaman n. 黄教的道士；僧人；巫师Hippocrates n. 希波拉底克（古希腊的名医）Jerusalem n. 耶路撒冷hospitaler n. 住院者distinguish v. 区别，辨别imbue v. 使感染，使蒙受，侵透massage n.v. 按摩peninsula n. 半岛logistical adj. 后勤的hygiene n. 卫生学，卫生barrack n. 简陋房舍overhaul n.v. 分解检查maternalistic adj 显示母性的superintendent n. 主管，负责人affordable adj. 支付得起二、构词法1.前缀prefixdys- , dis- 坏的；有病的；困难的dysfunction n. 机能不良，功能紊乱dysphonia n. 发生困难，言语障碍dysgraphia n. 书写困难anti- 相反；反对；抵抗antioxidant n. 抗氧化剂antibody n. 抗体antiallergic n. 抗变应性的homeo- , homo- 相同的homeostasis n. 体内平衡homeotherapy n. 同种疗法，顺势疗法homogeneity n. 同种，同质homosexual adj 同性恋tachy- 速，快速tachycardia n. 心悸，心动过速tachyphylaxis n. 快速免疫，快速脱敏，快速耐受tachypnea n. 呼吸急促geno- 基因genohormone n. 基因激素genome n. 基因组genospecies n, 基因型群fiber- 纤维fiberscope n. 纤维内窥镜fibrillation n. 纤维性震动fibrinolysis n. 纤维蛋白溶解myc(o)- 真菌mycetology n. 真菌学mycoplasma n. 支原体，衣原体mycotoxicology n. 真菌毒理学myo- 肌肉myoalbumin n. 肌清蛋白，肌白蛋白myoatrophy n. 肌萎缩myocardial adj. 心肌的path(o)- 病理，疾病pathography n. 病理学pathogenesis n. 发病机制pathomorphism n. 病理形态学chrom(o)- 色chromoblast n. 成色细胞chromosomal adj. 染色体突变chromophototherapy n. 色光疗法neur(o)- 神经neurobiology n. 神经生物学neurocirculatory adj. [解]神经与循环系统的neurodermatitis n. 神经性皮炎tox(o)- 毒，毒素toxoid n. 类毒素toxinemia n, 毒血症toxuria n. 尿毒症hyper- 过多，过度，超过hypreadrenia n, 肾上腺机能亢进hyperglycemia n. 高血糖，血糖过多hyperlipidemia n. 高血脂症，血脂过多hypertension n.高血压poly- 多，多数polyclonal adj. 多细胞株的，多克隆的polyase n. 多糖酶，多聚酶polycythemia n. 红细胞增多症erythr(o)- 红erythroblast n. 成红细胞erythromycin n. 红霉素erythropenia n. 红细胞减少brady- 缓，慢，迟钝bradyarrhythmia n. 听觉迟钝bradyarthria n. 言语过缓bradycardia n. 心动过慢lev(o)- 左，向左，左旋levocardia n. 左位心levodopa n. 左旋多巴levoduction n. 左旋眼pro- 前，以前，前体（酶或激素的）proaccelerin n. 前加速素，前加速因子proactivator n. 前激活剂，激活剂原proal adj. 向前运动的kine- 运动kinematics n. 运动学kineplastics n. 运动成形切断术kinesalgia n. 肌动痛，运动痛psych- 灵魂，精神，心智，呼吸psychedelic adj. 产生幻觉的psychiatry n. 精神病学psychopath n. 精神变态者psychotherapy n. 心理疗法xantho-xanthoma n. 黄色瘤xanthopathia n. 黄肤症xanthoprotein n, 黄色蛋白xanthopsy n. 黄市政hydr(o)- 水，积液，氢hydrogymnastic adj. 水中运动的hydroappendic adj. 阑尾积水hydrocholesterol adj. 氢化胆固醇opt(o)- 可见，视optometer n. 视力计，视力检查装置optometrist n, 验光师，视力测定者optophone n, 盲人电光阅读装置cyto- 细胞cytopathology n. 细胞病理学2.后缀suffix-therapy , -otherapy 疗法electrotherapy n. 电疗法physiotherapy n. 物理疗法chemotherapy n. 化学疗法-algia 痛neuralgia n. 神经痛odontalgia n. 牙痛rectalgia n. 直肠痛-asis 状态，情况（病的）cholelithiasis n. 胆石病nephrolithiasis n. 肾石病schistosomiasis n. 血吸虫病-cyte , 细胞acanthocyte n. 棘红细胞leucocyte n. 白细胞lymphocyte n. 淋巴细胞erythrocyte n. 红细胞-lith 石，结石broncholith n. 支气管结石cholelith n. 胆石urolith n. 尿结石-oma 瘤cerebroma n. 脑瘤epithelioma n. 上皮瘤，上皮癌hemangioma n. [医]血管瘤-ostomy 造口术cholecystoduodenostomy n. 胆囊十二指肠吻合术gastrostomy n. 胃造口术necystostomy n. 膀胱再造口术-penia 减少，缺少leucopenia n. 白细胞减少erythropenia n 红细胞减少.。

医科专业英语重点词汇 (1)

Unit 7 Text A Words & Phrases1. cardiovascular system心血管系统2. circulatory system循环系统3. plasma血浆4. erythrocyte红细胞5. leukocyte白细胞6. platelet count血小板计数7. megakaryocyte巨核细胞8. hematocrit血细胞比容9. hemoglobin血红蛋白10. diffuse扩散，弥漫11. granulocyte粒细胞12. osmotic pressure渗透压13. phagocytosis吞噬作用14. interferon干扰素15. systemic circulation体循环16. pulmonary circulation肺循环17. deoxygenated blood去氧血18. tricuspid valve三尖瓣19. pulmonic valve肺动脉瓣20. aortic valve主动脉瓣21. tachycardia心动过速22. bradycardia心动过缓23. systole心缩期24. diastole心舒期Unit 8 Text A Words & Phrases1. atrium心房2. ventricle心室3. mitral / bicuspid valve二尖瓣4. semilunar valve半月瓣5. endocardium心内膜6. myocardium心肌7. epicardium心外膜8. pericardium心包(膜)9. pulmonary trunk肺动脉干10. stethoscope听诊器11. murmur (心脏)杂音,12. pacemaker cell P细胞(起搏细胞)13. sinus /sinoatrial node窦房结14. atrioventricular node房室结15. aorta主动脉16. common carotid artery颈总动脉17. artery动脉18. capillary毛细血管19. superior / inferior vena cava上腔静脉/下腔静脉。

医学词汇复习提纲4-7

医学词汇复习提纲（Chapter 4-7）Chapter Four Word formation of Medical TermsSeven types of word formation1.affixationposition3.conversion4.blending5.backformation6.clipping7.a cronymAffixationsemantically orientedadd new meaning without changing the part of speech 1.autograft 自体（身）移植物auto- self2.graft: Material, especially living tissue or an organ,surgically attached to or inserted into a bodily part toreplace a damaged part or compensate for a defect 3.Isograft 同系移植物,同基因移植物(identicaltwinsiso- equal; uniformisoantibodyisoantigenisoconcentrationisotonic4.allograft（同种）异体移植物,异基因移植=homograftallo- Other; differentallogenous异源的,异生的allosome异染色体,异形染色体5.xenograft 异种移植物= heterograftxeno- strange; foreign; differentxenophobiaxenophthalmia异物性眼炎6.Intracranialintra- within7.antiallergenicanti- against 、allergenic 引起过敏的antineoplastic // neoplastic ,瘤形成的8.Restenosisre- again, backStenosis: A constriction or narrowing of a duct or passage; a stricture9.asymptomatica- withoutsymptomatic: pertaining to symptom10.Nondiabetic // non- not1.hyperlipidemiahyper- more than normal or necessarylipid- lipid, fat(h)em- blood-ia abnormal condition2.h eterogeneoushetero- other; differentgeneous: of kind or typesuffixationbasically class-changingchange the part of speech×immuneimmunityimmunizeimmunization×eradicationspecificitysensitivitysuckling (suck + -ling: One that is young, small, or inferior) = A young mammal that has not been weanedPatterns of affixationprefix + rootinjectin- (into) + jec(t)- (to throw)put material into a particular location, often using a syringe prefix + combining vowel + rootEctoderm the outer laver of the embryoect- (outside) + derm- (skin)Cf. Mesoderm; endodermroot +suffixstasissta- ( to stand) + -sis (a condition of),slowing of fluid movement, such as the blood circulation root + combining vowel + suffixsclerosisscler- ( to harden) + -sis ( a condition of),hardening or stiffening of a tissueprefix + root + suffixperirenal:peri- (around) + ren- ( kidney) + -al (pertaining to) located around the kidneyprefix + root + combining vowel + suffix synarthrosissyn- (together) + arthr- (joint) + -sis ( a condition of) immobilization of a joint by fusion不动关节prefix + prefix + root + combining vowel + suffix contraindicationcontra- (against) + in- (toward) + dic(t)- (to speak) + -tion (the action or process involved)a condition that precludes using a drugroot + root + suffixsialadenitissial- (saliva) + aden- (gland) + -itis (an inflammatory condition)inflammation of a salivary glandroot + combining vowel + root + suffix hemophiliahemo- (blood) + phil- (beloved, loving) + -ia (pathological or abnormal condition)any of several hereditary blood-coagulation disordersprefix + root + root + suffixhyperglycemiahyper- (excessive) + glyc- (sweet) + (h) em- (blood) -ia (condition)the presence of an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood.Compositionjoining two or more wordscompound wordopen compound : made up of two or more words written separately×sleeping sickness×brain death×family planning×birth controlDifferences between an open compound and a noun phrase: Semantica red coat a redder coatPhonetica ‵green room a green‵roome.g. scarlet feverA hyphenated compoundconsists of two or more words connected by a hyphen high-resolution1.host-specific寄主专化的,寄主专一性的2.deaf-mute3.air-borne×bottle-feed×graft-versus-host移植物抗宿主A solid compoundconsists of two words written as one word1.windpipe2.sleepwalk3.overweight4.nosebleedNeo-classic compoundcoined from elements of the classical languages (Latin and Greek)1.Biocide 生物杀灭剂2.Lysosome 溶酶体3.Bacteriophobia4.Biophysics5.Chemotherapy6.Psych(o)analysisconversionemail“Can I have your e-mail address in case I need to e-mail you. stentEnglish dentist, Charles R. Stent (1845-1901)1. a device used to support a bodily orifice or cavity during skin grafting or to immobilize a skin graft following placement2. a slender thread, rod, or catheter inserted into a tubular structure, such as a blood vessel, to provide support during or after anastomosis (吻合术).“A new gamma radiation treatment intended to prevent stented arteries from renarrowing was approved by the FDA last year for widespread use.”love (v.>n.)taste (v.>n.)smell (v.>n.)skin (n.>v.)plaster (n.>v.)石膏，膏药mask (n.>v.)faint (adj.>v.)empty (adj.>v.)blendingas chortle 哈哈大笑from snort (呼哧声) plus chuckle (咯咯叫) — the -ort- of the first being surrounded by the ch-. . .-le of the secondbrunch, from breakfast plus lunchformed by blending parts of two words (or more)three major patterns are defined×part + part×whole + part×part + wholepart + partgenome (gene + chromosome)autocide (automobile + suicide)chunnel (channel + tunnel)Cremains骨灰(cremate + remains)whole + partbreathalyzer (breath + analyzer)lunarnaut (lunar + astronaut)part + wholeMedicaid (medical + aid)medicare (medical + care)medichair (medical + chair)paramedic (parachute + medic)backformationthe original name for a type of fruit was cherise, but some thought that word sounded plural, so they began to use what they believed to be a singular form, cherry, and a new word was born. The creation of the verb enthuse from the noun enthusiasm is also an example of a back-formationverbs are made from existing nouns by deleting seeming or imagined affix1.chain-smoke from chain-smoker2.eavesdrop from eavesdropping3.babysit from babysitter4.automate from automation5.donate from donationOther backformed medical terms1.diagnose from diagnosis2.ovulate from ovulation3.palpitate from palpitation4.injure from injury5.contracept from contraception6.transcript from transcription7.psychoanalyze from psychoanalysis.exceptions that involve other part of speech are not rare1.paramedic from paramedical,2.pathogen from pathogenic3.gloom from gloomy4.carcinogen (1936) from carcinogenic (1926)clippingshorteninga word is shorten by clipping off part of the word without change in its meaning and word class1.flu of influenza2.polio of poliomyelitis 小儿麻痹症3.psych of psychology4.quack of quacksalver 庸医5.Docb7.Fig.8.Vet9.Veg10.Pro11.HypoacronymAn acronym: a word coined from the initial letters of a group words in a title or phrase1.CT (computerized tomography)2.RBC (red blood cell)3. C.C (chief complain)4.BMR (basal metabolic rate)5. B.P (blood pressure)6.G.P (general practitioner)7.N.P (nurse practitioner)Some acronyms: mostly composed of the initial letter of the word plus the first letter of other componentsTB (tuberculosis)OD (overdose)IV (intravenous)NP (neuropsychiatry)神经精神医学those not formed from modern English but from Latin or Greek1. b.i.d (bis in die = twice a day)2. b.i.n (bis in nocte = twice a night)3.t.i.d (ter in die = three time a day)4. a.c (ante cibum = before meal)5.p.c. (post cibum = after meal)6.O.D. (oculus dexter = right eye)7.O.S. (oculus sinister = left eye)8.p.r.n. (pro re nata = as needed)9.q.h (quaque hora = every hour)Acronyms? Initials?AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome LASER =light amplification by stimulated emission of radiationMRI magnetic resonance imagingForming new words by analogy a process whereby a new word is coined by analogy between the newly created one and an existing corresponding one1.myalgia < neuralgia2.proteomics < genomics3.retrogress < progress4.pandemic <epidemicChapter Five Roots and Combining FormsSpecialty & Specialist1.operationsurgery surgeon2.anesthetic technologyanesthesiologyanaesthesiologyanesthesiologist (A physician who specializes in anesthesiology) 麻醉学家anesthetistA person who is specially trained to administeranesthetics 麻醉师3.bloodhematology hematologist1.boneosteopathy 疗骨术, 整骨术; 骨病osteopathistosteology 骨学2.osteologist 骨(骼)学家3.orthopedist 矫形外科医师oste/o- (Gr. osteon) bone1.osteoblast造骨细胞2.osteoclast 破骨细胞3.periosteum (pl. periosteums, -tea [-tiE])骨膜4.osteopathy疗骨术, 整骨术; 骨病arthr/o- (Gr. arthron) joint （关节）1.arthroplasty 关节造形术, 关节形成术2.arthritis 关节炎3.arthrosis关节，关节病4.arthralgia 关节痛braincerebrology cerebrologistcerebr/o- (L. ) cerebrum, brain1.cerebrosclerosis 脑硬化2.cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的3.cerebrovascular 脑血管的4.What is CV A?1.[=cardiovascular accident]心血管意外[=cerebrovascular accident]脑血管意外2.crani/o- (L. cranium; Gr. kranion) skull3.craniectom 部分颅骨切除术4.craniotomy 颅骨切开术，穿颅术，破颅术5.pericranium 颅骨膜cause or origin of diseaseetiology (aetiology) 病因学etiologistear/nose/throatotorhinolaryngologyotorhinolaryngologistENT[=ear(s),nose,and throat] Physicianot- (Gr. ōtos) ear1.otosclerosis 耳硬化症2.otoscope 耳镜3.otorrhea 耳漏(耳液溢)4.otology 耳科学5.otolaryngology 耳鼻喉科学rhin/o- (Gr. rhís, rhinós) noserhinitis 鼻(粘膜)炎rhinorrhea (=rhinorrhoea) 鼻液溢rhinology 鼻科学otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻喉科学laryng/o- (L. nāsus) larynx, voice box laryngitis 喉炎eyeophthalmologyophthalmologist or oculist or eye doctor but not Opticianocul/o- (Gr. oculus ) eyeocular眼睛的, 视觉的oculomotor 眼球运动的; 动眼的monocular单眼的ophthalm/o- (Gr. ophthalmos) eye ophthalmologist 眼科专家, 眼科医师ophthalmometer检眼计, (眼)屈光计ophthalmoscope 眼膜曲率镜, 检眼(屈光)镜ophthalmia,-mitis 眼炎; 结膜炎opt/o- (Gr. optos) visible; vision or sight optician眼镜商optic眼的; 视力的; 视觉的embryoembryology embryologistfootpodology or podiatry but not pedicure足疗podologist or podiatrist but not pedicure / pedicurist ped/o- (L. pes, pedis) foot = pod-pedopathy 脚病pedal足的, 脚的; 脚踏的pedestrian 步行的pedicure 脚病治疗pod/o- (Gr. pous, podos) footpodagra [足痛风，痛风的podiatry 足病学; 足医术children’s medicinepedology or pediatricspedologist or pediatrician or pediatristheartcardiology cardiologistcardi/o- (Gr. kardiā) heartcardiant心兴奋剂cardiogram 心电图myocarditis 心肌炎pericardium 心包; 心包膜, 围心膜angi/o- (Gr. aggeîon) vessel （脉管）angiotomy 血管切开angitis 脉管炎, 血管炎, 淋巴管炎angiocardiogram心血管照片angialgia血管痛lymph/o- (L. lympha (water)) lymph lymphocyte 淋巴细胞intestineenterology enterologistenter(o)- intestineEnterovirusParenteral and Enteral Nutrition非经肠和经肠营养kidneynephrology nephrologistnephr/o- (Gr. nephros) kidneynephrogenic肾原性的,肾发生的nephritic 肾的; 肾病的nephrosis 肾(变)病nephritis 肾炎nephroid 肾形的nephridium 肾, 肾管pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎nephropyelitis 肾盂肾炎glomerulonephritis 肾小球性肾炎ren/o- (L. renis) kidneyreniform 肾脏形的renography 肾X线照相术, 肾造影照片rennin 肾素renculus 肾小叶ur/o, urin/o- (Gr. ouron) urineuremia尿毒症urochrome 尿色素urinometer 尿比重计liverhepatology hepatologisthepat/o- (Gr. hēpatos) liverhepatatrophy肝萎缩hepatitis 肝炎heparin 肝素hepatology 肝脏病学, 肝脏学hepatectomy 肝切除术hepatocele 肝脏脱出hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatomegaly 肝肿大hepatopexy 肝固定术hepatoptosis 肝下垂lungpneumology pneumologistcost/o- (L. costa) ribcostectomy肋骨切除术costalgia肋骨疼痛precostal 在肋骨前的subcostal 肋下的sternocostal 胸肋的; 胸骨锁骨的pleur/o- (Gr. pleurá) pleura （胸膜）pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritispleurocentesisstern/o- (Gr. sternon (breast)) sternum sternoschisis 胸骨裂thorac/o- (Gr. thrombos) thorax or chest thoracotomy 胸廓切开术; 开胸术pneumothorax 气胸hemathorax 血胸protothorax 前胸pyothorax 脓胸mechanism of diseasepathology pathologistpath- diseasehepatic encephalopathy hepatocerebral diseaseHCD=HEmedicine×pharmacology×pharmacologist 药理学家×pharmaceutics 配药学, 制药学preparing and dispensing drugs×pharmaceutist 药师, 药剂师×pharmacist 配药者, 药剂师×druggist or chemist×pharmacodynamics 药效学×pharmacokinetics药物(代谢)动力学mental processes and behavior psychology psychologistpsychiatry 精神病学, 精神病治疗法psychiatristpsycho- mindPsychogeriatrics 老年精神病学psychoacoustic 心理声学的,心理听觉的nerveneurology neurologistneur/o- (Gr. neuron) nerveneurocyte 神经细胞neurosis 神经(机能)病; 神经精神病neuroblast 成神经细胞neuralgia 神经痛radiationradiology radiologistskindermatology dermatologistcutane- (L. cutis) skinsubcutaneous皮下的dermat/o-, derm/o- (Gr. dermatos) skin dermatology 皮肤病学dermalaxia 皮肤软化dermatitis 皮肤炎, 皮炎hypodermic?epitheli/o- epithelium （上皮）epithelioma 上皮瘤stomachgastrology gastrologistgastr/o- (Gr. gastēr) stomach gastrointestinal 胃与肠的gastrohydrorrhea 胃液溢, 胃溢水gastrotomy 胃切开术, 胃造口术gastrolith 胃结石, 胃石gastroenterology : stomach and intestine gastroenterologisttissuehistology histologistchondr/o- (chondros) cartilage （软骨）chondrification软骨化chondrodystrophia 软骨营养障碍chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤fibr/o- (L. fibra) fiberfibromyositis纤维肌炎my/o- (Gr. mys) musclemyoatrophy 肌萎缩amyotonia肌弛缓; 肌罕张缺乏myocardium 心肌(层) dermatomyositis 皮肌炎toothdentistry dentistgeriodontics ? 老年牙科学denture ? 托牙,牙列periodontitis ? 牙周炎tumoroncology oncologistvirusvirology virologistfemale diseasesgynecology / gynaecology gynecologist / gynaecologistmamm/o-，mast/o- (Gr. mammē) breast mammoplasty乳房成形术mastectomy 乳房切除手术mastotomy乳房切开术mammogram 乳房X线照片childbirth and perinatal careobstetrics obstetrician hormonesendocrinology endocrinologistaden/o- (Gr. adēn) gland （腺）adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenectomy 腺切除术，增殖腺切除术adenofibroma腺纤维瘤adenositis 腺炎adenosis 腺病legal medicineforensic medicine 法医学forensic expert or medical examineror medicolegal physicianrecoveryrehabilitation / physiotherapist理疗学家中西医TCM and Western Med expertChapter Six PrefixesAn English Case History×PC = Presenting Complaint 主诉4-hour crushing retrosternal chest painretro- (P037)Backward, or located behinda retrospective studyretrograde amnesia 逆行性遗忘ante(ro)- (P036)anterograde amnesia顺行性遗忘×HPC = History of Presenting Complaint 现病史发病：胸骨后压榨性疼痛４小时，向颈与双臂放射，5-10分钟内逐渐起病Onset: 4 hours of “crushing tight” retrosternal chest pain, radiating to neck and both arms, gradual onset over 5-10 minutes.×Duration : persistent since onset持续时间/间期：发病起持续至今×Severity : worst pain ever had严重程度：从未痛得如此厉害过×Relieving / exacerbating factors 缓解与恶化因素GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) provided no relief although normally relieves pain in minutes, no other relieving/exacerbating factors. 硝酸甘油(三硝酸甘油脂)平时能在数分钟内缓解疼痛，但本次无效，无其它缓解和恶化因素。

医学英语重点

neuron / neuronal overload（神经过载）a typical office visit（典型的诊所就诊）DEXA scan（DEXA扫描）medical practice（行医）mammogram report（乳房X-线检查报告）Physical examination（体检）side-effects of a medication（药物的副作用）blood pressure control（血压控制）health maintenance（健康保持）perpetual panic（永久的恐慌）practicing physicians（执业医生）transplant field（移植领域）medical budget（医疗预算）paracetamol tablet（扑热息痛药片）childproof cap（防孩子打开的盖子）randomized clinical trial（随机临床试验）random allocation（随机分配）patient prognosis（病人的预后）Control group（对照组）a 10-year follow-up study（10年的跟踪研究）a medical ward（内科病房）infectious hepatitis（传染性肝炎）severe malaise（身体严重不适）bilirubin metabolism（胆红素代谢）permanent liver damage（永久的肝损伤）exacerbate pathophysiology（加重病理生理状况）medical literature（医学文献）clinical investigation（临床调查）metabolism of relapse（复发率）clinical epidemiology（临床流行病学）strict bed rest（严格的卧床休息）hospital stay（住院）recurrent jaundice（反复发作的黄疸）clinical course（临床病程）Intravenous morphine（静脉注射吗啡）Diastolic blood pressure（舒张压）Brain perfusion（大脑血灌注）Primary care（初级保健）aorto-coronary arterial bypass（主动脉冠状动脉旁路）informed treatment decision（知情治疗决定）a health crisis (健康危机)Physical symptoms(身体症状)energy and vitality(能量和活力)be completely immune from sth.(完全免疫)Virus of falseness(虚假的病毒)Stressful lifestyle(有压力的生活方式)Robust emotion(健全的感情)Fragile health(脆弱的健康)to balance our mind, body, and spirit(平衡心理，身体和精神) Spiritual life(精神生活)the blockages to wellness(通向身心健康的“路障”) Repressed emotions(被压抑的感情)Genuine feelings and emotions(真情实感)Physiological influences(心理影响)Fully integrated human beings(十全十美的人)Decaying teeth(蛀牙)Nutrition professor(营养教授)Burgeoning waistline(迅速膨胀的腰围)Bottled water(瓶装水)Caloric intake(热量摄入)to curb appetite(节制食欲)grains and protein (谷物和蛋白质)Childhood obesity (儿童肥胖症)Lean protein (精益蛋白质)Dietary habits (饮食习惯)Quality of life (生活质量)Diary category (乳制品类)prevention of diabetes (糖尿病的预防)Sodium content (钠的含量)停止使用呼吸机并停药/停止治疗withdraw life-support machines and medications / treatmenta nursing station (护士站)life-support machines (生命维持系统)comfort measures(舒适护理措施)to withdraw treatment (停止治疗)paternalistic decision-making process(家长式决策程序) patient empowerment (给病人授权)medical ethicists (医学伦理学家)Ethical principles (伦理准则)clinical ideal (临床理念)patient-centered care (以病人为中心的护理)patient autonomy (病人自主权)treatment options (治疗选择)Exclusive purview(专属领域)emergency decisions (紧急情况下做的决定)Physician restraint (对医生的限制)anxiety and confusion (焦虑与困惑)ethical transgression (违背伦理)family practice (家庭医疗)widespread metastases (广泛转移)Aggressive treatment (积极治疗)primary lesion (原发病灶)to recommend follow-up (建议随访)Electronic record (电子病历)pulmonary emboli (肺栓塞)computerized tomography (CT, 计算机断层扫描)bilateral infiltrates (双侧浸润)a(n)chest X-ray (X线胸片)left lower-lobe pneumonia (左下叶肺炎)labored breathing (呼吸困难)the hospice team (临终关怀团队)chronic illness (慢性病)psychosocial aspects (社会心理学领域)evidence-based guidelines (询证临床指南)to implement a plan of care(实施治疗方案)The surge of adrenaline (肾上腺素激增）A(n) autoimmune disease（自体免疫）Transient weakness（短暂的虚弱）A building block（基本构件）To slow neurodegeneration（减缓神经退化）To optimize nutrition（优化营养）The risk of relapse（复发危险）A clinical trial（临床试验）Physical therapist（理疗师）Brain function（脑功能）Coordination of emotions（情绪协调）Feelings of rapport（亲密感觉）Emotional contagion（情绪传染）A（n）psychobiological unit（生物心理单元）Funcitional magnetic resonance imaging（功能性磁共振成像）To make it mandatory（使之成为强制性）Medical background（医学背景）Dose regimen（剂量方案）anti-tumor agents（抗肿瘤的药剂）Pharmacological properties（药理学药性）In vivo pharmacology（体内药理学）An internal medicine residency（内科实习期）Loss of stamina（丧失持久力）Becoming bedridden（卧床不起）An animal model（动物模型）To excrete toxins（排除毒素）Toxic load（毒素载量）Physician self-experimentation（医生自我试验）Neuromuscular electrical stimulation（神经肌肉电刺激）The impact of micronutrient（微量营养素的影响）Track the emotional flow（跟踪情绪波动）Cardiovascular reactions（心血管反应）Rapid synchronization（迅速同步）To mutually regulate（互相调节）Emotional solace（情感慰藉）To activate brain zones（激活该脑部区域）A（n）dubious project（无把握的项目）Proof of concept（概念验证）Complication or concomitant conditions（并发症与合并症）Standard therapy（标准疗法）Poor solubility（溶解性差）…that one stray request from a patient—even one that is quite relevant—might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。

医学词汇汇总

中文副作用亲和力后遗效应激动剂变态反应拮抗剂竞争性拮抗剂直接反应剂量反应曲线效价强度对因治疗间接反应内在活性配体作用机制半数有效量半数致死量非竞争性拮抗剂
部分拮抗剂效能量反应速率理论受体受体下调受体占领学说受体上调继发反应副作用对症治疗协同作用治疗效应
[`traI®flu:E u`perE zi:n, -zIn]
[lITIEm "ka:bEneIt]
中文急性肌张力障碍
静坐不能抗精神病药氯丙嗪锥体外系反应
帕金森综合征
迟发性运动障碍
氟奋乃静三氟拉嗪
碳酸锂
英文 levodopa carbidopa selegiline artane
Chapter 15 Antiparkinsonism Drugs
音标 [®li:vEu`dEupE] [`ka:bidEupE] [s i`ledZE li:n] [`a:tein]
中文左旋多巴卡比多巴司立吉林安坦
Chapter 16 Antipyretic-Analgesic and Antiinflammatory
英文 acetaminophen aspirin indomethacin paracetamol
1
therapeutic index (ti) threshold concentration toxic effects two model theory
治疗指数阈浓度毒性反应二态模型
Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics
英文
absorption
active transport
extrapyramidal reactions

医学专业英语的重点单词终结版

医学专业英语的重点单词终结版Human Body1.anatomy(解剖学)2.embryology(胚胎学)3.histology(组织学)4.hematology(血液学)5.immunology(免疫学)6.biology(生物学)7.cytology(细胞学)8.physiology(生理学)9.endocrinology（内分泌学）10.psychology(心理学)11.skeletal system(骨骼系统)12.muscular system (肌肉系统)13.circulatory system (循环系统)14.respiratory system(呼吸系统)15.urinary system (泌尿系统)16. endocrine system(内分泌系统)17.reproductive system(生殖系统)18.principal (重要的)19.joint(关节)20.cartilage(软骨)21.bone marrow（骨髓）22.cube-shaped(立方的)23.interior（内部的）24.external (外部的)25.hinge joint(结合点)26.pivot joint (区轴点)27.socket (臼槽)28.skull (颅骨)29.elbow (肘部)30.breast（胸部）31.hip joints (髂关节)32.cushioning（缓冲）33.striated muscles（条纹肌）34.smooth muscles（平滑肌）35.voluntary muscles(随意肌)36.function (功能)37.nourishment（营养）38.nutrient（营养素）39.blood vessel（血管）40.cardiovascular system (心血管系统)41.artery（动脉）42.capillary（毛细血管）43.vein （静脉）44.lymphatic system（淋巴系统）45.lymph vessel (淋巴管)46.lymph nodes(淋巴结)47.spleen（脾）48.expel（排除）49.carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)50.oxygen （氧气）rynx，throat（喉管）52.windpipe、trachea(气管)53.esophagus(食管)54.exhale（呼出）55.molecule（分子）56.saliva(唾液)57.enzyme（酶）58.kidney（肾）59.urine（尿液）60.ureter（输尿管）61.urethra（尿道）62.bile(胆汁)63.gallbladder (胆囊)64.sodium（钠）65.potassium(钾)66.bladder（膀胱）67.pancreas（胰腺）68.hormone（激素）69.pituitary(脑垂体)70.thyroid(甲状腺)71.adrenal gland (肾上腺)72.cortisone(可的松)73.adrenaline(肾上腺素)74.insulin（胰岛素）75.glucagon(胰高血糖素)76.collar bone（锁骨）77.spinal column(脊柱)78.spinal cord （脊髓）79.sperm(精子)80.ovum （卵子）81.testis，testes(睾丸)82.ovary（卵巢）83.testosterone (睾酮)84.progesterone（孕酮）85.estrogen（雌激素）86.tactile（触觉的）87.accessory (附属的)88.pharynx(咽)Human disease1.pathology (病理学)2.pathogen（病原体）3.fungi(真菌) fungus(s.)4.bacteria(细菌) bacterium(s.)5.virus(病毒) viruses(pl.)6.diagnose（诊断）7.paralysis（瘫痪, 麻痹）8.symptom（症状）9.sign（体征）10.symptomatic（有症状的）11.asymptomatic（无症状的）12.acute disease（急性病）13.chronic disease（慢性病）14.subacute disease（亚急性病）15.fatal（致命的）16.rheumatic fever（风湿热)17.subarachnoid（蛛网膜下的）18.epidemic disease（传染病）19.endemic disease（地方病）20.airborne droplets（空气传播的）21.apnea（呼吸暂停）22.atonia（张力缺乏）23.degeneration（退化）24.Stomatitis（口腔炎）25.prolapse（直肠、子宫等脱垂脱出）26.malfunction（功能失调）27.obesity（肥胖）28.malnutrition（营养不良的）29.hereditary（遗传）30.mental retardation(智力发育迟缓的)31.venereal disease（花柳病）32.hepatitis（肝炎）33.colitis（结肠炎）34.cholera（霍乱）35.typhoid fever（伤寒）36.boils（疥）37.pimples（小脓包)38.pus（脓）39.abscess（脓肿）40.armpit（腋窝）41.blood poisoning/sepsis(败血症)42.phagocyte（吞噬细胞）43.antigen（抗原）44.antibody（抗体）45.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)46.opsonization（调理作用）plement（补体）48.negative feedback control（负反馈调节）The Digestive System1.gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道)2.ingestion(摄入)3.absorption（吸收）4.digestive(消化)5.elimination(排泄)6.oral cavity/buccal cavity（口腔）7.palate(腭)8.chewing(mastication)（咀嚼）9.swallowing(deglutition)（吞咽）10.incisor（切牙）11.cuspid（尖牙）canine（犬牙）12.molar(磨牙)13.cementum(牙骨质)14..gum(牙龈)15..gingiva(牙龈)16.pulp(牙髓)17.enamel(牙釉质)18.periodontium(牙周组织)19.deciduous dentiton(乳牙)20.permanent dentition (恒牙)21.lower jaw bone（下颌骨）22.papillae(乳头)23.taste bud（味蕾）24.uvula（悬雍垂)25.parotid gland(腮腺)26.submandibular gland(下颌下腺) 27sublingual gland (舌下腺)28.epiglottis(会厌) 29.nasal cavity(鼻腔)30.peristalsis(蠕动)31.fundus(胃底)32.antrum（胃窦）33.cardiac sphincter(贲门括约肌)34.pyloric sphincter(幽门括约肌)35.chyme(食糜)36.duodenum(十二指肠)37.jejunum(空肠）38.ileum（回肠）39.cecum(盲肠)40.rectum（直肠）41.colon(结肠)42.sigmoid colon (乙状结肠)43.ileocecal valve (回盲瓣)44.ascending colon (升结肠)45.transverse colon (横结肠)46.descending colon (降结肠)47.appendix(阑尾)48.stool/feces（粪便）49.anus（肛门）50. hydrochloric acid (盐酸)51.abdomen(腹部)52.cholesterol（胆固醇）53.bile pigment(胆色素)54.bilirubin(胆红素)55.blood protein(血红蛋白)56.erythrocyte（红细胞）57.glycogen(糖原)58.cilia、villi（绒毛）59.amylase(淀粉酶)60.lipase(脂肪酶)61.hepatic duct(肝管)62.cystic duct(胆囊管)mon bile duct（胆总管）64.detoxification（解毒）65.emulsification (乳化作用)66.bile acid (胆酸)The Disorders of the Digestive System1.gingivitis (牙龈炎)2.peptic ulcer （消化性溃疡）3.vomiting（呕吐）4.perforation(穿孔)5.barium(钡)6.hiatal(裂孔的)7.hernia(疝)8.endoscopy (内窥镜检查)9.hemorrhage(出血)10.histamine (组胺)11.chest cavity （胸腔）12.diaphragm（膈）13.gastritis（胃炎）14.hepatitis（肝炎）15.cirrhosis(肝硬化)16.hepatomegaly(肝肿大)17.edema(浮肿)18.jaundice(黄疸) 19.architecture(结构)20.nodule(结节)21.micronodular(小结节)22.macronodular(巨结节)23.lobular(小叶的)24.cholelithiasis(胆结石)25.cholecystitis(胆囊炎)26.biliary colic（胆绞痛）27.nausea (恶心)28.cholecystectomy(胆囊切除术)paroscope(腹腔镜)30.pancreatitis(胰腺炎)31.paralytic ileus(麻痹性肠梗阻)32.autodigestion(自体消化)33.necrosis(坏死)34.epigastric(腹上部的)35.appendicitis(阑尾炎)36.navel（脐）37.peritonitis(腹腔炎)38.ulcerative colitis(溃烂性结肠炎)39.antibiotic(抗生素)40.fistula(瘘)41.diverticulum（憩室）42.diverticulitis(憩室炎)43.diverticulosis(憩室病)44.polyps（息肉）45.diarrhea(腹泻)46.occult blood(隐血)47.proctoscope(直肠镜)48.sigmoidoscope(乙状结肠镜)49.colonoscope(结肠镜)50.ileostomy(回肠造口术)51.colostomy（结肠造口术）52.gastroduodenostomy(胃十二指肠吻合术)53.coloproctostomy（结肠直肠吻合术）Respiratory System1.pulmonary veins（肺静脉）2.irritant(刺激物)3.frontal sinus（额窦）4.ethmoidal sinus（刷窦）5.sphenoid sinus（蝶窦）6.maxillary sinus （上颌窦）7.paranasal sinus(副鼻窦)8.nasal cavity（鼻腔）9.nostril(鼻孔)10.nasopharynx （鼻咽）11.oropharynx（口咽）12.hypopharynx（下咽）ryngopharynx（喉咽）14.adenoids（腺体肿大）15.hypopharyngeal（下咽的）16.pharyngeal tonsils（咽扁桃体）17. palatine tonsils（腭扁桃体）18.tongue tonsil（舌扁桃体）19.vocal cords（声带）20.mucous membrane(分泌粘液的膜)21.fibrous connective tissue(纤维结缔组织)22.bronchi（支气管）23.Bronchiole（细支气管）24.alveoli，alveolus（肺泡）25.epithelium（上皮）26.parietal pleura（壁层胸膜）27.visceral pleura（脏层胸膜）28.horizontal fissure（水平裂）29.oblique fissure（斜裂）30.apex（肺尖）31.hilum（肺门）32.Collarbone（锁骨）33.diaphragm（横膈)34.mediastinum（纵隔）35.thoracic cavity （胸腔）36.abdominal cavity（腹腔）37.inhalation/inspiration(吸气)38.exhalation/expiration（呼气）39.brainstem(脑干)40.phrenic nerve（膈神经）41.acid(酸)42.acidity（酸度）43.acidosis(酸中毒)44.alkalinity（碱度）45.alkali(碱)46.alkalosis（碱中毒）47.hyperventilation （换气过度）48.hypoventilation（换气不足）49..macrophages（巨噬细胞）50.mucus（粘液）Respiratory Disorders and Diseases1.pneumonia(肺炎)2.tuberculosis(结核)3.asthma (哮喘)4.allergic(过敏的)5.emphysema(肺气肿)6.influenza(流行性感冒)7.pneumonitis(肺炎)8.lobar pneumonia(大叶性肺炎)9.bronchopneumonia(支气管肺炎)10.pleurisy(胸膜炎)11.tubercle(结核结节)12.hemoptysis(咯血)13.phlegm(痰)14.exudates(渗出物)15.solidification(固化) 16.consolidation(实变)17.dyspnea(呼吸困难)18.cyanosis(紫绀)19.wheeze(喘息)20.Steroids(类固醇)21.allergen(过敏原)22.polio(脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症)23.paralyze(瘫痪)24.mature(成熟的)25.prematurely(过早地, 早熟地)26.digitalis(洋地黄)27.diuretics(利尿剂)28.atrium(心房)29. acute pulmonary edema（急性肺水肿）30.pneumothorax(气胸)31.pneumoconiosis(尘肺)32.silicosis(矽肺)33.anthracosilicosis(碳矽末沉着症)34.bronchitis(支气管炎)35.bronchiectasis（支气管扩张）36.bronchospasm（支气管痉挛）37.hypercapnia（高碳酸血症）38.simple chronic bronchitis(单纯性慢性支气管炎).39.chronic obstructive bronchitis(慢性梗阻性支气管炎)40.asthmatic bronchitis(哮喘性支气管炎)41.noxious（有害的，有毒的）Common disorders of the cardiovascular1.atherosclerosis(动脉粥样硬化)2.lumen（内腔）3.ischemia（局部缺血）4.coronary heart disease(冠心病)5.angina pectoris（心绞痛）6.clot（血凝块）7.thrombosis(血栓形成)8.thrombus(血栓)9.myocardial infarction(心肌梗死)10.arhythmia(心律不齐)11.fibrillation(纤维性颤动)12.embolism(栓塞)13.embolus(栓子)14.stroke（中风）15.subcutaneous(皮下的) 16.syncope(晕厥)17.glomerulonephritis(肾小球肾炎)18.pyelonephritis(肾盂肾炎)19.rheumatic heart disease(风湿性心脏病)20.valvular murmur(瓣膜杂音)21.systolic pressure(收缩压)22.diastolic pressure（舒张压）23.congestive heart failure （充血性心力衰竭）24.vegetation (赘生物)25.essential hypertension（原发性高血压）26.secondary hypertension（继发性高血压）27.endocarditis(心内膜炎）28.pericardial tamponade(心包填塞)29.pericarditis(心包炎)30.hemorrhage（出血）31.shock（休克）32.plasma（血浆）33.dextran(右旋糖酐)34.vomitus（呕吐物）35.spermatic cord (精索)36.ligament(韧带)37.uterus（子宫）38.piles,hemorrhoid(痔疮)39.varix,varices(静脉曲张)40.phlebitis（静脉炎）41.etiology(病因学)42.dextran(右旋糖酐)Blood and immunity1.hemocyte(血细胞)2.erythrocyte(红细胞)3.leukocyte(白细胞)4.platelets(血小板)5.thrombocytes(血小板)6.clotting cells(血小板)7.plasma(血浆)8.fibrinogen(纤维蛋白原)9.fibrin(纤维蛋白)10.albumin(白蛋白)11.globulin(球蛋白)12.prothrombin(纤维蛋白原)13.globin(珠蛋白)14.hemoglobin（血红球蛋白）15.pigment（色素）16.heme（亚铁血红素）17.electrolyte(电解质)18.clotting factors(凝血因子)19.nucleus(核) nuclei(pl.)20.erythropoietin(促红细胞生成素) 21.granulocytes(粒细胞)22.eosinophil(嗜酸性粒细胞)23.basophil(嗜碱性粒细胞)24.neutrophil(嗜中性粒细胞)25.agranulocyte(无粒细胞)26.monocyte(单核细胞)27.lymphocyte(淋巴细胞)28.polymorphonuclear(多形核细胞)29. detoxify(解毒作用)30.heparin（肝素）31.phagocytic (吞噬细胞的)32.macrophages(巨噬细胞)33.phagocyte(吞噬细胞)34.phagocytosis(吞噬作用)35.megakaryocyte(巨核细胞)36.hemostasis(止血)37.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)38.thymus gland(胸腺)39.lymphoid organs(淋巴器官)40.debris(残片)41.cytotoxic（细胞毒性）42.interferons(干扰素)43.interleukins(白细胞介素)44.anemia(贫血)45.fatigue（乏力）46.heart palpitation(心悸)47.pallor(面色苍白)48.irritation（烦躁不安）49.aplastic anemia(再生障碍性贫血）50.pancytopenia(全细胞减少)51.hemolytic anemia (溶血性贫血)52.spherocytosis(球形红细胞增多症)53.jaundice(黄疸)54.pernicious(恶性贫血)55.megaloblast(巨成红细胞)56.sickle cell anemia(镰刀细胞性贫血)57.arthralgias(关节痛)58.extremities(四肢)59.ulceration(溃疡)60.thalassemia(地中海贫血)61.thrombocytopenia(血小板减少症)62.petechiae(瘀点)63.ecchymosis(瘀斑)64.purpura(紫癜)65.hemophilia(血友病)66.intramuscular(肌肉下的)67.autoimmune disease(自身免疫性疾病)68.hematuria(血尿)69.hemarthrosis(关节积血)70.leukemia(白血病)71.neoplasms(肿瘤) 72.acute myelogenous leukemia(急粒)73.acute lymphocytic leukemia (急淋)74.chronic myelogenous leukemia(慢粒)75.chronic lymphocytic leukemia(慢淋)76.multiple myeloma（骨髓瘤）77.plasma cells (浆细胞)78.osteolytic(溶骨性的)79.myeloblast(成髓细胞，原粒细胞)80.lymphoblast(成淋巴细胞)81.hypercalcemia(高钙血症)82.itching(痒)83.rash（皮疹）84.sneezing(喷嚏)85.urticaria（荨麻疹）86.asthma（哮喘）87.immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)88.dysgammaglobulinemia(异常γ球蛋白血症)89.extrinsic(外缘的)90.intrinsic（内源性的）91.lymphadenopathy (淋巴结病) Development & Genetics1.zygote(合子)2.oviduct(输卵管)3.endometrium(子宫内膜)4.embryo(胚胎)5.chorionic sac(绒毛囊)6.chorion（绒毛膜）7.gonadotropin（促性腺激素）8.corpus luteum(黄体)9.placenta（胎盘）10.amniotic sac（羊膜囊）11.amniorrhea（破水）12.trimester（三个月，三月期）13.parturition（分娩）14.dystocia （难产）15.cesarean birth（剖宫产）16.oxytocin（催产素）17.prostaglandin （前列腺素）18. meiosis（减数分裂，成熟分裂）19.mitosis（有丝分裂）20.triplet（三胞胎）21.quadruplet(四胞胎)22.dissimilar（不同的）23.abort（流产）24.vagina(阴道)25.cervix（子宫颈）26.fallopian tubes(输卵管）27.fertilization(受孕，受精)28.pregnancy tests(妊娠试验）29.fetus(胎儿)30.umbilical cord（脐带)31.amnion(羊膜囊)32.menstrual(月经）33.birth canal(产道)34.gravida（孕次）35.primigravida（初孕妇）36.para（产次）37.inheritable（可遗传的）38.offspring（后代）39.dominant（显性）40.recessive（隐性）41.cell division（细胞分裂）42.rearrangement（重排）43.fragment（碎片）44.dissimilar（不同）45.identical（相同）Disorders of Pregnancy & Genetic Disease1.preeclampsia/eclampsia(先兆子痫)2.toxemia(毒血症)3.proteinuria(蛋白尿)4.ectopic(异位的)5.salpingitis(输卵管炎)6.endometriosis(子宫内膜异位症)paroscopic(腹腔镜检查的)8.miscarriage(自然流产)9.incompetence(无能力)10.induced abortion (人工流产)11.suction(抽吸)12.birth defect(先天缺陷)13.teratogen(致胎儿畸形药)14.malformation(畸形；变形)15.rubella/german measles(风疹) 16.measles(麻疹)17.herpes simplex(单纯疱疹)18.syphilis(梅毒)19.atresia(闭锁畸形)20.anencephalus(无脑畸形)21.spina bifida(脊柱裂)22.cleft lip(唇裂)23.cleft palate(腭裂)24.diabetes mellitus(糖尿病)25.amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术)26.karyotype(染色体组型)27.chorionic villus(绒膜绒毛)28.transmit(传递)29.Mendelian fashion(孟德尔遗传定律)30.immunogenetics(免疫遗传学)31.incur(招致)32.mutagen(诱变剂，诱变因素)33.mutagenic(诱变的)34.carcinogen(致癌物)35.albinism(白化病)36.pigmentation(色素沉着)37.homozygote(纯合子)38.progeny(后裔，后代)39.schizophrenia(精神分裂症)40.counselor(咨询者；顾问)41.mutant(突变型；变异的)42.prenatal(出生前的)43.lethal(致命的)44.euphenics(优型学)45.euphenic(优型学的)Endocrine System1.endocrine(内分泌)2.dwarf（矮小症）3.hormone（激素）4.gland（腺体）5.glandular（腺体的）6.reproduction（生殖）7.metabolism（代谢）8.nutrien（营养素）9.target tissue（靶组织）10.receptor（受体）11.hormonal（激素的）12.steroid（类固醇）13.lipid（脂质）14.protein（蛋白）15.proteinlike compound(类似蛋白质的化合物)16.gonad（性腺）17.cortex（皮质，皮层）18.adrenal gland （肾上腺）19.kidney（肾脏）20.renin（肾素）21.calcium（钙）22.phosphorus(磷)23.pituitary（脑垂体）24.thyroid（甲状腺）25.parathyroid（甲状旁腺）26.pancreas（胰）27.pineal（松果体）28.sphenoid （蝶骨） 29.anterior lobe （前叶） 30.adenohypophysis （腺垂体） 31.posterior lobe （后叶） 32. neurohypophysis （神经垂体） 33.hypothalamus （下丘脑） 34.mammary （乳房的） 35.antidiuretic （抗利尿的） 36.oxytocin （催产素） 37.uterine （子宫的） 38.isthmus （峡） 39.thyroxine （T4） 40.triiodothyronine （T3） 41.calcitonin （降钙素） 42.homeostasis （内稳态） 43.medullar （髓的） 44.corticosteroid （皮质类固醇） 45.glucocorticoid （糖皮质激素） 46.cortisol （可的松） 47.mineralocorticoid （盐皮质激素） 48.aldosterone （醛固酮） 49.epinephrine （肾上腺素) 50.norepinephrine ，noradrenaline （去甲肾上腺素）51.abdomen （腹部） 52.exocrine （外分泌的） 53.islets of Langerhans （胰岛） 54.ovarian （卵巢的） 55.estradiol （雌二醇） 56.progesterone （孕酮） 57.pregnancy （怀孕） 58.malatonin （褪黑素） 59.puberty （青春期） 60.circadian rhythms （昼夜节律） 61. Parathyroid hormone （PTH ） 62. calcitonin （降血钙素）63.Cushing's syndrome （库欣综合症） 64.primary aldosteronism(原发性醛固酮增多症)65.pheochromocytoma （嗜铬细胞瘤）66.gigantism （巨人症）67.acromegaly （肢端肥大症） 68.diabetes insipidus （尿崩症） 69.hyperthyroidism （甲状腺功能亢进症） 70.Graves'disease71.hyperparathyroidism （甲状旁腺功能亢进）72.hypoparathyroidism （甲状旁腺功能低下）73.hyperglycemia （高血糖） 74.Addison's disease75.diabetes mellitus （糖尿病） 76.glucose （葡萄糖）77.ketoacidosis （酮酸中毒）78.endemic goiter(地方性甲状腺肿大) 79.nodular goiter （结节性甲状腺肿大） 80.myxedema （粘液性水肿） 81.bruit （杂音）82.ptosis （上睑下垂）The Nervous System1.neuron(神经元)2.neurology(神经病学)3.acetylcholine （乙酰胆碱）4.efferent(传出神经)5.afferent(传入神经)6.parasympathetic(副交感神经)7.sympathetic （交感神经）8.ganglion(神经节)9.plexus(神经丛) 10.dendrite(树突)11.electrical charge(电信号) 12.axon(轴突) 13.myelin(髓鞘)14.neurilemma(神经鞘) 15.synapse （突触） 16.white matter （白质）17.gray matter(灰质)18.neurotransmitter(神经递质) 19.neuroglia （神经胶质） 20.astrocyte （星型胶质细胞） 21.glioma （神经胶质瘤） 22.microglia(小神经胶质细胞) 23.oligodendroglia （少突胶质细胞） 24.cerebrum(大脑)25.convolution ，gyrus(脑回) 26.peripheral nervous system(周围神经系统)27.autonomic nervous system(自主神经系统)28.visceral nervous system （内脏神经系统） 29.groove(沟)30.fissure （裂） 31.sulcus(沟)32.thalamus(丘脑)33.hypothalamus(下丘脑) 34.diencephalon(间脑) 35.pons(脑桥)36.cerebellum(小脑) 37.brain stem(脑干)38.medulla oblongata(延髓) 39.meninx （脑膜） 40.cauda epuina (马尾) 41.dura(硬脑膜)42.mater （脑脊髓膜） 43.arachnoid(脑蛛网膜) 44.pia mater(软脑脊膜)45.lumbar puncture(腰椎穿刺术)08级临床专英卷子（蔡江瑜整理）Tips：介于市面上缺少专英真题，这是我根据记忆整理的，漏了几个单词，段落翻译只能记得些关键词，不过应该翻翻书还是能找到的，给大家一些参考。

Chapter4-7(等离子体)

e v E t m
n e n0 ' n 0 2 t m 0
2 ' 2
n' n0 v 0 t
e ' e
' '
ip t
p
n0 e 2 mε0
13
p称为等离子体频率．
大气中的电离层是稀薄的等离子体， n0为1010~1012m－3它的等离子体频率 fp=p/2 = 1~10MHZ 。
§8 等离子体 *
当物质温度升高或受到电离时, 电子和正离子分离, 形成由电子和正离子组成的物质状态。这种电离物质在宏观上保持电中性, 称为等离子体。等离子体物理在天体物理, 受控核聚变等领域内有着重要应用。本节讨论等离子体的一些主要电磁性质。麦克斯韦方程组是电磁现象中普遍成立的方程.不同物质状态所表现出的不同特性是由该物质的特殊电磁性质方程引起的。在通常介质中，电子是束缚在原子内的，在电场和磁场作用下，产生比较简单的极化和磁化现象. 1
e x' 40 x x '
e
x x'

' dx
7
上式也适用于等离子体内由于密度涨落而引起的净电荷分布。由于屏蔽效应，这种局域性净电荷的影响也在屏蔽长度之外被消除。因此，在线度l>>范围内，可以把等离子体看作电中性的。这种性质称为准电中性．
上述三式是等离子体的流体运动和电场相互制约的方程
11
我们只考虑在平衡态附近的微小振荡．设n’ = n-n0 及v为一级小量，把方程线性化后得
n n0 v 0 t v e E t m
'
e ' E n

医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词

VocabularyUnit 1neuron 神经元，神经细胞overload 超载，超负荷diabetes 糖尿病hypertension 高血压cholesterol 胆固醇medication 药物consultation 问诊，咨询enzyme 酶osteoporosis 骨质疏松（症）pneumonia 肺炎vaccine 疫苗prescription 处方simultaneous 同时的resident 住院医生overwhelming 巨大的，势不可挡的prioritize 确定优先顺序simulate 模拟omniscient 全知的tablet 药片eligibility 适任，合格criterion 标准prognosis 预后ward 病房，病室infectious 传染的，有传染性的hepatitis 肝炎metabolism 新陈代谢exacerbate 使加剧，使恶化relapse （旧病）复发epidemiology 流行病学intravenous 静脉内的arterial 动脉的humanitarian 人道主义的malaria 疟疾tuberculosis 肺结核integral 完整的control group 对照组famine 饥荒publicity 宣传exceed 超过compliance 服从Unit 2doom 注定microbial 微生物的vulnerable 易受伤的penicillin 青霉素regression 倒退，退步respiratory 呼吸的cholera 霍乱venue 地点mutation 变异pandemic 大流行的（病）influenza 流行性感冒antigen 抗原immune 免疫的complication 并发症infrastructure 基础设施deteriorate 恶化exotic 外国的lethal 致命的eradicate 根除prevalence 流行率toxicity 毒性immigration 移民diagnostic 诊断法pathogen 病原体chronic 慢性的gastric 胃的ulcer 溃疡pesticide 杀虫剂smallpox 天花pathogenic 致病的surveillance 监督vaccination 接种疫苗panacea 万全之策plague 瘟疫radiograph 射线照片，X光照片screen 屏幕attend to 照料，致力于be infected with 感染上...hit the headline 成为头条contribute to 捐献，有助于Unit 3tornado 龙卷风adrenaline 肾上腺素residency 专科住院医生实习期internist 内科医生autoimmune 自体免疫病assault 攻击，袭击optimal 最佳的，理想的dementia 痴呆physiology 生理学biochemistry 生物化学experimentation 实验cerebral 大脑的therapist 治疗学家allergy 过敏abdominal 腹部的mercury 汞herbicide 除草剂toxin 毒素angina 心绞痛intervention 介入，干预genetics 遗传学inevitable 必然的secondary 第二的guarantee 保证chemotherapy 化疗oncology 肿瘤学longevity 长寿replicate 复制cardiovascularcognitive 认知的hostility 敌意nurture 养育hormone 激素activate 激活hospice 善终院efficacy 效能pharmacology 药理学pharmaceutical 制药的reimbursement 偿还，报销immerse oneself in 沉浸于Unit 4integrative medicine 中西医结合complementary 补足的evaluation 评价dietary 饮食的paradigm 模式，范例acupuncture 针灸message 按摩shed light on 阐明某事nausea 恶心vomit 呕吐rehabilitation 康复syndrome 综合征asthma 哮喘outpatient 门诊病人hypothesis 假设，假说subjective 主观的practitioner 从业者intrinsic 本质的quantitative 定量的holistic 整体的fall victim to 成为...的受害者prestigious 声望很高的appendicitis 阑尾炎prioritize 优先考虑optimization 最佳化skeptical 怀疑的inpatient 住院病人anesthesia 麻醉surgical 外科的receptive 善于接受的expenditure 支出competency 能力prerequisite 先决条件obesity 肥大extract 萃取物meditation 冥想derive from 源自affordable 负担得起的irritable 过敏的prevalence 流行，普遍Unit 5alleviate 减轻vitality 生机deceit 欺骗intuitive 直觉的repress 压抑（感情）toolbox 工具箱fragile 脆弱的strive 努力奋斗manifestation 表现manifest 证明，表明undermine 破坏rage 愤怒beverage 饮料calorie 卡（路里）intake 摄取量caffeine 咖啡因miscarriage 流产prone 易于...的mortality 死亡率gallstone 胆结石calcium 钙pyramid 金字塔yogurt 酸奶vague 模糊的unify 统一poultry 家禽deficient 不足的abandon 放弃reluctant 勉强的resolution 分辨率，决议inclination 倾向dimensional 空间的，尺寸的imbalance 不平衡nutrient 营养物curb 抑制moderate 稳健的，适度的come to terms with 妥协on a daily basis 每天（指一起共事）strive to 努力be consistent with 与...一致Unit 6personalized 个性化的palliative 缓解病痛的（疗法）anemia 贫血（症）potentially 潜在地multidisciplinary 多学科的counselor 律师veteran 老兵eligible 合格的transition 过渡，转变pulmonary 肺的curative 治疗的dialysis 透析columnist 专栏作家articulate 清楚地表达anticipation 预期stubborn 顽固的stumbling 障碍的，绊脚的obstructive 阻碍的，妨碍的obstruction 障碍物，阻塞物exhale 呼（气）in vitro 在体外。

医学英语核心词汇

医学英语核心词汇(一) 医疗、医院、医生1、医生(1) doctor，medical worker(2) physician 内科医生(3) surgeon 外科医生(4) doctor in charge 主治医生(5) intern 实习医生(6) resident doctor 住院医生2、医院(1) hospitalThe specialized hospital 专科医院The general hospital 普通医院The community hospital 社区医院The public hospital 公立医院The private hospital 私立医院The foreign-funded hospital外资医院(2) clinic 门诊(3) ward 病房(4) medical team 医疗队3、医疗手段(1) drug therapy 药物治疗(2) medical treatment 医疗(3) medical instruments 医疗器械(4) diagnose (v) 诊断(n) diagnosis(5) prevent (v) 预防(6) sterilize (v) 消毒disinfect(7) administrate a drug 给药(8) prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病(9) TCM 中医Traditional Chinese Medicine(10) chemotherapy 化疗(11) medical service 医疗服务(12) complain of (v) 主述(13) health checkup 健康普查(14) diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗(15) consult the doctor (v) 就医4、医疗体制(1) healthcare system 医疗体制(2) medical disputes 医疗纠纷(3) medical accident 医疗事故(4) the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系(5) medical insurance system 医疗保险体系(6) medical aid fund 医疗救助基金5、医德(1) medical ethics 医德(2) patient-oriented 以病人为核心(3) humanistic 人道主义的(4) compassionate 富于同情性的(5) considerate 体贴周到的(6) resolute 果断的(7) service quality 服务质量6、病人(1) patient(2) the sick(3) the invalid(4) sufferer(二) 必知疾病名称1、患病的表达方式(1) suffer from (v )(2) contract (v)(3) people with some disease 患病人群(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人2、必知疾病名称heart disease 心脏病hypertension 高血压kidney problem 肾病coma 昏迷stroke 中风shock 休克dizzy 晕眩的；昏乱的；使人头晕的；心不在焉的vomit 吐出；使……呕吐the blood pressure 血压diabetes 糖尿病obesity 肥胖terminal illness 绝症incurable illness 不治之症cancer 癌症tumor 肿瘤(malignant-恶性)cancer of late stage 癌症晚期emergency case 急症serious illness 重症the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病short breath 短气syndrome 综合症complications 并发症process 病程bone loss 骨质疏松osteoporosisshort-sighted (adj) 近视choke 窒息arthritis 关节炎cardiovascular diseases 心血管疾病myocardial infarction 心肌梗死high risk group高危人群prenatal care/diagnosis产前护理/诊断maternity wards产科病房3、其他相关词汇break out (v) 疾病的爆发spread (v) 疾病的扩散the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率taboo 禁忌speed up blood circulation (v)加速血液循环improve the cardiac functions (v)改善心脏功能side effects 副反应complain of 主述4、传染病专题★(2005 年博士英语题)(1) 感染源virus 病毒bacteria 细菌pest 害虫channel and media 传染途径及媒介(2) 传染疾病epidemic diseases 传染性疾病plague 鼠疫influenza (简) flu 流感infection contagion 传染病infectious diseases 传染病AIDS 艾滋病SARS(3) 传染epidemic (a) 流行的，传染的disseminate 传播cross infection 交叉感染5、疾病名称illnesssicknessdiseaseailmentsuffering6、疾病的转归(1) 疾病的恢复recover, recoveryrecuperateresumerecruitreinstate(2) 疾病的恶化deteriorate aggravate exasperateworsen(三) 药物1、药物名称medicinedrugremedymedicinal herbs powertabletpillcapsule2、相关词汇drug therapy 药物治疗side effects 副反应drug abuse 药物滥用drugstore 药房over the counter 非处方药drug allergy 药物过敏drug poisoning 药物中毒prescription 处方(recipe)expenses for medicine 药费charges for medicinedrug rebate 药品回扣3、药物用法(1) 开药prescribe some medicine for some diseases write out a prescription(2) 服药take a medicine(3) 治…的疾病a remedy for some diseases(四) 心理疾病1、心理学专业词汇subhealth 亚健康psychological benefits 心理健康psychological problem 心理问题psychological consultation 心理咨询psychological obstacles 心理障碍mental obstacles 心理障碍psychological massage 心理按摩psychology 心理学/心理psychotherapy 心理治疗psychological expert 心理专家2、疲劳相关词汇fatigue (n) tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted (a) fatigued (a) weary(a)(五) 肥胖与营养1、营养物质nutrient 营养素protein 蛋白质fat 脂肪glucose 葡萄糖vitamin 维生素sugar 糖类heat calories 热量carbohydrate 碳水化合物cholesterol 胆固醇soft drink, beverage 软饮料2、营养与饮食a well-balanced dietnutrition 营养nutritional 营养的nutritious 有营养的nutritionist 营养学家malnutrition 营养失调metabolism 物质代谢fat-free foodthe prepared food 熟食grain 谷物porridge n. 粥，糊；麦片粥vt. 服刑food shortages 食品短缺imbalance (n), unbalanced (a) 失衡3、营养失衡相关疾病strokeobesityhypertensiondiabetes4、治疗措施diet drug 减肥药lose weight 减肥(六) 生活习惯、健康及运动1、生活习惯life-style 生活习惯a disorder of body and minda physical and mental disordercrazy tempo of life 快节奏的生活fast-paced life high tempo of lifebe accustomed to sththe exercise habit2、运动与休息ample sleep 充足的睡眠work outdo physical exercisesports activities 体育活动strenuous exercise 剧烈运动do sportssports ground (简) gym 体育场馆be more/less physically fitconstitution 体质。

学术英语(医学)单词复习

医学学术英语——词汇部分复习资料Unit11. neuron 神经2. office visit(诊所)就诊3. scan 扫描4. medical practice 行医5. blood pressure 血压6. maintenance(健康)保持7. mammogram 乳房X线8. physical 身体9. side effect 副作用10. panic 恐慌11. practicing 执业12. transplant 移植13. budget 预算14. tablet 药片15. childproof 防孩子16. randomized 随机17. allocation(随机)分配18. prognosis 预后19. control 对照20. follow-up 跟踪21. ward 病房22. hepatitis 肝炎23. malaise 身体不适24. metabolism 代谢25. liver 肝病理生理27. literature 文献28. investigation 调查29. incidence 率30. epidemiology 流行病学31. bed rest 卧床休息32. hospital stay 住院33. jaundice 黄疸34. course 病程35. intravenous 静脉注射36. diastolic 舒张37. perfusion 灌注38. primary 初级39. bypass(冠脉)旁路40. informed 知情41. humanitarian 人道主义42. the Red Cross 红十字会43. relief 援助44. casualty 人员伤亡45. emergency 紧急Unit21. re-emerging 再现2. strain 变种3. vaccine 疫苗4. infectious 传染性的5. emerging 新出现6. prevention 预防7. plague 鼠疫8. pathogenic 病原的9. authorities 机构10. drug resistanc 抗药性11. course 疗程12. scarlet fever 猩红热13. virulence 毒性14. pandemic 大流行15. antigen 抗原16. genetic 基因的17. neurological 神经性18. immunity 免疫力19. infrastructure 基础设施20. case 病例21. swine 猪22. tuberculosis 结核23.morbidity/incidence 发病率24. professionals 专业人士25. latent 潜伏26. skin test 皮试27. screening 筛查28. interferon 干扰素29. toxicity 毒性30. curable 可治愈的31. intractable 难治的32. pathogen 病原体33. ulcer 溃疡34. exposure 接触(带病者)35. recombination 重组36. bioterrorism 生物恐怖活动37. foodborne 生物传播Unit31. adrenaline 肾上腺素2. residency 实习3. autoimmune 自身免疫4. stamina 持久力5. transient 短暂的6. bedridden 卧床不起7. building block 基本构件8. model 模型9. neurodegeneration 神经退化排除(毒素)优化载量复发自我实验试验神经肌肉治疗师微量营养素功能跟踪协调心血管亲密同步传染调节生物心理慰藉M R I激活强制性无把握的背景概念方案并发症抗肿瘤标准的药理学的溶解性vivo 体内Unit41. complementary 补充2. alternative 替代(医学)3. paradigm 模式4. acupuncture 针灸5. adjunct 辅助6. nausea 恶心7. post-operative 术后8. clinical 临床的9. physicaltherapy 理疗10. therapeutic 治疗(方法)11. intervention 干预12. design 设计13. resonance 共振14. emission 发射PET15. analgesia 止痛16. establishment(生物医学) 界17. rehabilitation 康复18. licensed 持照(针灸师)19. strategies 策略20. formulas 配方21. wide array 各式各样的22. integrative( 中西医)结合23. acute 急性的24. administer 给药25. procedure 程序26. evaluation 评估27. prevalence 患病率28. conventional 传统 ( 疗法)29. evidence-based 循证的30. management( 压力)处理31. peripheral 外周／外围32. mechanisms 机制33. reductionistic 还原式的效益35. outcomes 结果36. preclinical 临床前37. plausible 可能的38. manipulative 推拿39. homeopathic 顺势40. naturopathic 自然 (疗法)41. meditation 冥想Unit51. crisis 危机2. symptoms 症状3. vitality 活力4. immune 免疫5. virus 病毒6. lifestyle 生活方式7. robust 健全的8. fragile 脆弱的9. balance 平衡10. spiritual 精神的11. blockages 路障12. repressed 被压抑的13. genuine 真实的(真情实感)14. physiological 心理15. integrated 整合的(十全十美)16. decaying teeth 蛀牙17. nutrition 营养18. waistline 腰围19. bottled 瓶装(水)20. intake 摄入21. appetite 食欲22. protein 蛋白质23. obesity 肥胖症24. lean 精益的(蛋白质)25. dietary 饮食(习惯)26. quality 质量27. dairy 乳制品28. diabetes 糖尿病29. content 含量Unit61. nursing home 养老院2. hospice 临终(关怀)3. failure(心)衰around-the-clock24 小时随叫随到5. coronary 冠心病6. respond(对治疗有)反应7. facility 机构8. end-of-life 终末期9. comfort 舒适的(护理)10. hospital discharge 出院11. care(症状)护理12. palliative 姑息的13. fatal illness 绝症14. pulmonary 肺的 C O P D15. experimental 实验性的16. advisors 顾问17. discontinue 终止18. dialysis 透析19. smear 涂片20. provider 医患关系21. care-as-usual 常规医护22. preventive 预防性23. beaten 常用的off the beatenpath 离开熟路,另辟蹊径24. moldinto the shape 塑形25. renew 重新开始 torenew aprescription 照旧处方再开药26. fertilization 授精27. basic 基础的(生物学)28. stem cell 干细胞29. collaborate 合作30. test-tube 试管(婴儿)31. reproductive 生殖的32. hormones 激素33. immature 未成熟的34. empirical 经验(观察)35. pioneering 首创的36. endoscope 内镜37. ethical 伦理的38. concern(社会)关注39. infertile 不孕不育的40. inherited 遗传性的41. fibrosis 纤维化42. dilemmas 困境Unit71. station(护士)站2. life-support 生命维持(系统)3. measures 护理措施4. withdraw 停止(治疗)5. paternalistic 家长式的6. empowerment 授权7. ethicists 伦理学家8. principles 准则9. ideal 理念以病人为中心的11. autonomy 自主权12. options 选择13. exclusivepurview 专属的(领域)14. emergency 紧急(决定)15. restraint 限制16. anxiety 焦虑17. transgression 违背18. practice(家庭)医疗19. metastases(广泛)转移20. aggressive 积极的21. primary 原发22. follow-up 随访23. record 病历24. embolism 栓塞25. tomography 断层摄像C T26. infiltrates 浸润27. chest 胸28. lower-lobe 左下叶29. labored(呼吸)困难30. team 团队31. chronic 慢性的32. psychosocial 社会心理33. guidelines 指南34. implement 实施(治疗方案)Unit91. curriculum 课程2. community 界3. expectations 期待4. attributes(个人)品质5. value 看重The place value on 看重6. maladies 疾患7. diagnostic 诊断的8. manifestations 临床表现Unit81. subject 受试对象2. biomedical 生物医学3. therapy 治疗4. protocol 方案5. beneficence 有利6. justice 公正7. autonomous 有自主能力的8. diminished 减弱Diminished autonomy自主性减弱9. exposed to 面临10. Oath 誓言11. distribution 分配12. consent 同意Informed consent 知情同意13. procedures 程序14. operating 手术台15. obligation 责任16. pediatric 儿科的17. perform 做(手术)18. flow(血)流19. intensive 重症的ICU20. adoptive 义(父) 生(父)22. psychological 心理的23. medical 医学的24. occupational 职业的25. contract 感染性的26. infection 感染27. blood vessel 血管28. circulation 循环29. welfare 安宁30. disapprove 不批准31. protocol 研究计划32. liability 责任9. civic mindednes 民本意识10. chatter 闲谈11. manner(临床)举止12. directories 名录13. integral 不可分割的14. underserved 服务匮乏的15. shortage(初级保健)缺乏16. certification 证书17. address 应对(需要)18. basics 基础知识19. teaching 教学(医院)20. academic 学术的Unit101. coverage 范围medical coverage 医疗保险支付范围2. Medicaid 医疗救助3. single-payer 单一支付4. subsidize 补贴5. deliver 提供6. duplicative 重复的7. sustained 长期的8. deficits(视力)缺陷9. echocardiogram 超声心动图10. thrombus 血栓11. stroke 中风12. artery 动脉13. intracranial 颅内的14. cerebral 大脑15. bleeding 出血16. brain-stem 脑干17. recovery 恢复18. ventilation 通气19. anticoagulant 抗凝血20. infusions 输液21. surgeon 外科医生22. administrators 管理者23. ambulances 救护车24. elective 可做可不做25. infarction 梗死时间要求紧迫的27. arrest 停止28. traumatic 外伤的,创伤的29. intervention 介入术30. multi-payer 多家支付的31. universal 全民的32. for-profit 以营利为目的的33. pharmaceutical 制药的34. remedies 治疗方法home-brewed remedy 自创的治疗方法35. out-of-pocket 自掏腰包21. affiliate with 隶属于继续医学教育。

英语四级词汇复习医学类

英语四级词汇复习医学类英语四级词汇复习-医学类医学类单词的复习对于准备英语四级考试的学生来说至关重要。

掌握医学类的词汇可以在阅读医学文献、听取医学讲座或者进行医学研究时提供帮助。

本文将向您介绍一些常见的医学类词汇以供复习使用。

1. Diagnosis（诊断）- Definition（定义）: the identification of the nature and cause of an illness or problem by examination of the symptoms.- Example（例子）: The doctor made a diagnosis of pneumonia based on the patient's symptoms and the results of the chest X-ray.2. Treatment（治疗）- Definition: the manner in which a disease or injury is managed or dealt with.- Example: The patient received medical treatment for his broken leg, including the application of a cast and pain medication.3. Prescription（处方）- Definition: a written instruction from a doctor for the use of a medicine or treatment.- Example: The pharmacist filled the patient's prescription for antibiotics and provided instructions on how to take the medication.4. Surgery（手术）- Definition: a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments, performed to repair or remove a part of the body.- Example: The patient underwent surgery to remove the tumor from his lung, and the operation was successful.5. Vaccine（疫苗）- Definition: a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against a specific disease.- Example: The child received the flu vaccine to protect him from getting sick during flu season.6. Symptom（症状）- Definition: a physical or mental feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease.- Example: Common symptoms of the flu include a high fever, sore throat, and coughing.7. Allergy（过敏）- Definition: an abnormal reaction of the immune system to a substance that is harmless to most people.- Example: The patient had an allergic reaction to peanuts, resulting in difficulty breathing and a rash.8. Chronic（慢性的）- Definition: persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.- Example: The patient suffered from chronic back pain for several years and required ongoing treatment.9. Infection（感染）- Definition: the presence of a harmful organism in the body, often causing illness or disease.- Example: The wound became infected, leading to redness, swelling, and pus.10. Anesthesia（麻醉）- Definition: a temporary loss of sensation or awareness induced for medical purposes.- Example: The dentist administered local anesthesia before filling the patient's cavity to numb the area and reduce pain.总结：通过对医学类词汇的复习，您可以更好地理解和使用这些专业英语词汇，为将来在医学领域的学习和工作打下坚实的语言基础。

词汇复习医学类

词汇复习医学类医学类词汇复习一、介绍医学领域涉及大量专业词汇，对于医学学生和从事医疗行业的人士来说，全面复习和掌握医学类词汇至关重要。

本文将通过系统梳理医学类词汇，帮助读者巩固和增加相关专业词汇的记忆。

二、解剖学词汇1. 头部及颈部：头颅、颞颌关节、喉、甲状腺、气管、咽、腮腺。

2. 胸部：心脏、肺、纵隔、胸腺、乳腺、支气管。

3. 腹部：胃、肝、胆囊、胰腺、脾脏、肾脏、肠道、盲肠、肛门。

4. 盆腔：膀胱、子宫、输卵管、睾丸、卵巢、直肠。

5. 四肢：上肢、下肢、肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节、膝关节、踝关节。

三、病理学词汇1. 疾病分类：传染病、非传染病、遗传病、恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、神经系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病、免疫系统疾病、泌尿系统疾病、妇科疾病、男科疾病、精神疾病。

2. 疾病特征：症状、体征、诊断、治疗、预防、复发、康复。

3. 常见疾病：癌症、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、哮喘、肺炎、肝炎、结核病、中风、抑郁症、焦虑症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、艾滋病。

四、药物学词汇1. 药物分类：西药、中药、处方药、非处方药、抗生素、镇痛剂、抗炎药、抗癌药、免疫抑制剂、麻醉剂、维生素、矿物质、中枢神经系统药物、心血管系统药物、消化系统药物、呼吸系统药物、泌尿系统药物、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗癫痫药。

2. 药物治疗：用药剂量、服用方式、药物相互作用、不良反应、药物禁忌、药物过敏、药物滥用。

3. 常见药物：阿司匹林、布洛芬、头孢菌素、青霉素、维生素C、维生素D、阿片类药物、β受体阻滞剂、抗病毒药物、抗癫痫药物、中药丹参、当归。

五、医学设备和技术词汇1. 诊断设备：血压计、体温计、心电图机、X射线机、CT扫描、核磁共振、超声波检测。

2. 手术设备：手术刀、缝合针、止血钳、麻醉器械、钢板与螺钉、心脏起搏器、人工关节。

3. 医学技术：心脏手术、腹腔镜手术、激光治疗、辐射治疗、放射性示踪技术、透析技术、人工智能医疗。

医学术语巩固记忆法及基础医学术语归纳(完整版)

医学术语巩固记忆法及基础医学术语归纳（完整版）医学术语的历史可以追溯至古希腊，特别是希波克拉底时期。

根据美国国立卫生研究院的数据，有记载的最古老的医学著作是公元前 4 世纪和 5 世纪希波克拉底的著作。

在这一基础上，现代医学术语仍然沿用希腊和拉丁语。

事实上，人们认为，希腊医生克劳迪亚斯·盖伦的著作影响了医学界近1500 年，是迄今为止医学术语仍保留许多希腊语单词的主要原因。

随后，其他语言也逐渐被纳入词典记录：文艺复兴时期，第一批解剖学家使用拉丁语来描述人体结构。

阿拉伯语是在中世纪增入的，因为当时阿拉伯语学者担任医学讲师。

1650年到1850 年，受过教育的人都基本使用拉丁语，这进一步推动了拉丁语在医学教材和教学中的使用。

许多现代医学术语都是在这一时期形成的。

医学术语的构词构词描述的是单词的不同构成方式，它取决于所使用的前缀和后缀，以及连接的词根。

医学术语的构词相当有规律。

这些词素的组合规则通常以拉丁语为基础。

名词有 5 种格，可以是单数，也可以是复数。

不同的词尾决定单词的形式或含义，一个单词可以有多种形式。

例如，单词“index”的复数形式为“indexes”。

又如短语“adenocarcinoma of the left superior lobe of the lung【左肺上叶腺癌】”，非医学专业人员可能无法理解它所表达的意思。

要理解它的含义，我们必须看一下它的组成部分：词根carcin- 表示癌组织。

后缀-oma 表示肿瘤或异常生长物。

前缀adeno- 意为腺体的。

因此，它指的是某种起源于腺细胞的癌性生长物。

left 指的是被检查者的左侧，而不是检查者的左侧。

Superior 表示左肺两个叶的上部。

每个医学专业的学生都必须学习并记忆一些前缀、后缀和词根，随着日渐熟悉医学术语，我们将能够逐步掌握人体的结构和组成，生理和病理，医学检查和手术。

3 种医学术语巩固记忆法无论你是在准备解剖学考试，还是诊断学课程，在学习医学术语时，都可以采取几种行之有效的方法。

医学专业英语词汇大纲

一、内科常用字汇心血管系统The Cardiovascular System Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心机梗塞Electrocardiogram (DCG) 心电图Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病Hemangioma 血管瘤Vasodilatation 血管扩张Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Hypertension 高血压Hypertrophy 肥大Hypotension 低血压Varicose veins 静脉曲张血液及淋巴系统The Hemic and Lymphatic SystemAdenitis 腺炎Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病Leukocyte 白血球Leukocytopenia白血球减少Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮Splenomegaly 脾肿大Anemia贫血Aseptic 无菌的Septicemia败血症Hemostasis 止血Transfusion输血呼吸系统The Respiratory System Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Mucosa 黏膜Exhale呼吸Apnea窒息Tachypnea呼吸急促Pneumonia肺炎Bronchitis支气管炎Lung Empyema 肺积脓消化系统TheDigestive SystemShort of breath 呼吸短促Dysphasia说话困难Aphasia 失语症Aphonia失声Dysphagia 吞咽困难Gingivitis 齿龈炎Pharyngitis 咽炎Laryngitis 喉炎Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺术Gastric cancer 胃癌Gastritis 胃炎Gastroenteritis胃肠炎Gastrorrhagia胃出血Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡Peritonitis 腹膜炎Enterorrhagia 肠出血Enterorrhexis 肠破裂Appendicitis 阑尾炎Colon cancer结肠癌Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查Rectal cancer 直肠癌Anal Fistual 肛门廔管External hemorrhoid 外痔Internal hemorrhoid 内痔Excretion 排泄Hepatitis肝炎Hepatomegaly 肝肿大Gall Stone 胆结石Cholelithiasis 胆石症Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化Ascites腹水内分泌系统TheEndocrine SystemGlycemia糖血症Goiter 甲状腺肿Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Bromidrosis汗臭症Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤神经系统TheNervous SystemCerebral Arteriosclerosis脑动脉硬化Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral Edema 脑水肿Cerebra Palsy脑性麻痹Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎Intracranial Hemorrhage颅内出血Encephalitis 脑炎Electromyography 肌电图Neuritis神经炎Epilepsy 癜痫Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛Rachitis 痀偻症Rachioscoliiosis脊柱侧弯Spondylitis 脊椎炎Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪Immediately loss ofconsciousness 立即丧失意识Eye opening睁眼反应Verbal response 语言反应Motor response 运动反应Corneal reflex 角膜反射Plantar reflex 膝反射Sciatica坐骨神经痛Chorea 舞蹈症Muscle atrophy 肌萎缩Migraine 偏头痛Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式症Brain Swelling 脑肿胀brain Concussion 脑震荡brain Anoxia脑缺氧症brain Death 脑死肌肉骨骼系统The Musculoskeletal System Anterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韧带Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎Arthrosclerosis关节硬化Degenerated Joint Disease 变性关节炎Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏Matastatic Lesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Amputation 截肢Bone graft 骨移植Hallux Valgus大拇指外翻Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术Range of Motion 运动范围Varus 内翻Chondromalacia软骨软化症泌尿及男性生殖系统The Urinary and Male Reproductive System Cystitis 膀胱炎Circumcision包皮环割术Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查Hydronephrosis肾水肿Renal Stone 肾结石Acute Renal Failure 急性肾衰竭Cryptorchidism 隐睾症Spermatogenesis精子生成Benign ProstaticHypertrophy 良性摄护腺肥大Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄Dysuria 排尿困难Hematuria血尿Uremia尿毒症Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染Vasoligation 输精管结扎Impotence 阳萎特殊感觉器官TheOrgans of Special SensesAudiometer 听力计Otitis耳炎Otorrhea耳漏Tympanitis中耳炎Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破术Nasitis鼻炎NasopharyngealCarcinoma鼻咽癌Rhinorrhea 鼻溢Intraocular Foreign Body眼内异物Intraocular pressure 眼内压Oculus Uterque 双眼Oculus Sinister 左眼Oculus Dexter 右眼Extraocular Muscle 眼外肌Ophthalmologist 眼科医师Diplopia 复视Myopia 近视Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂Corneitis 角膜炎Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等Retinopexy 视网膜固定术Retinal Detachment 视网膜剥落Visual field 视野Vocal nodular 声带结节Dermatologist 皮肤科医师Dermatitis皮肤炎Cataract白内障Glaucoma青光眼综合性字汇Contraceptive避孕的Contraindication 禁忌症Biology 生物学Hyperemesis 剧吐Polydipsia剧渴Homosexual 同性的Heterosexual 异性的Inject 注射Lipoma 脂肪瘤Lipoid 脂肪样的Lipomatosis 脂肪过多症Malformaiton 畸形Malaise 不适Necrosis坏死Nocturia 夜尿症Ployuria 多尿Narcotics 麻醉药Hyperplasia 增殖Dysplasia 发育不良Dyspepsia 消化不良Prognosis 预後Antipyretic 解热剂Hydrophobia 恐水症Photophobia 畏光Antibiotic 抗生素Syndrome 症候群Hydrotherapy 水疗法Perforation 穿孔Percussion叩诊Visceralgia脏器痛二、妇产科常用字汇Genital 生殖的Gynecology 妇科Menstruation 月经Menopause 更年期Menorrhagia经血过多Amenorrhea 无月经Dysmenorrhea经痛Menarche初经Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌Cervical Erosion子宫颈糜烂Cervicitis子宫颈炎Perineum会阴Endometriosis子宫内膜异位Ovary 卵巢Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊肿Ovulation排卵Vaginitis阴道炎Colposcopy 阴道镜检法Galactocele乳腺囊肿Mammography 乳房X光摄影术Infertility 不孕症InVitro Fertilization 体外受精Amnion 羊膜Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞Hydramnion 羊水过多Anterpartal 产前的Antepartum 分娩前Chorionic Villi Sampling 绒毛膜绒毛取样Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎头骨盆不对称Artificial Insemination 人工受精Engagement 进入产位Estrogen动情基素Colostrum 初乳Termination of Pregnancy 终止怀孕Corpus Luteum 黄体Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩Venereal Disease 性病Tubal Ligation 输卵管结扎Laparoscope 腹腔镜Embryo 胚胎Ectopic Gestation 子宫外孕Primipara 初产妇Attitude of Fetus 胎儿体位Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中Multipara 经产妇Parity 经产Placenta Previa前置胎盘Postpartum 产後Postpartum hemorrhage产後出血Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血症Adolescence青春期Basal Body Temperature基础体温Cesarean Section 剖腹产Expected Date ofConfinement 预产期Fallopian Tube 输卵管Forceps 产钳Hydatidiform Mole 水囊状胎块Labor Pain阵痛Painless Labor 无痛分娩Molding胎头变形Normal SpontaneousDelivery 正常自然生产Papanicolaou Smear 子宫颈抹片检查Premature Rupture ofMembrance 早期破水Progesterone黄体素Stillbrith死产Suture 缝合Stump残物Withdrawal Bleeding 停经出血三、小儿科常用字汇Apnea呼吸暂停Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血Arterio VenousMalformation 动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematoma头血肿Erythema红斑Hypospadia尿道下裂Dehydration 脱水Hydrocephalus水脑Hydrocele 阴囊积水Polydactylia多指畸形Pyoderma脓皮症Sepsis 败血症Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎Encephalitis脑炎Gastroenteritis肠胃炎Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的Congenital Malformation先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息Cleft Palate 颚裂Diarrhea腹泻Dental Caries 龋齿Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹Torticollis斜颈Vaccine疫苗Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇Chicken pox 水痘Club foot 畸足Diphtheria白喉Dengue fever 登革热Eczema湿疹Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹Giant baby巨婴Gonorrhea 淋病Hepatitis B B型肝炎Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸Mongolian spots 蒙古斑Mumps 腮腺炎Respiratory arrest呼吸停止Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹Vomiting呕吐四、精神科常用字汇Mental retardation 智能不足autism自闭症dement 痴呆症alzheimer's dementia阿尔茲海默式形痴呆症alcoholism 酒瘾substances Intoxication 物质中毒alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒schizophrenia精神分裂病delusional Disorder 妄想性病患Major Depressive Disorder 重郁症疾患phobia畏惧症obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患pedophilia恋童癖exhibitionism 暴露狂Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖Gender Identity Disorders 性别认同疾患Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症临床症状blunted affect 感情迟钝silly Laughter 傻笑apathy冷漠irritable 易怒的euphoria欣快感depression 忧郁ambivalence感情矛盾Flat Affect感情平淡suicide attempt 自杀企图queer behavior 怪异行为bizarre behavior 特异行为hypertalkative 多话hypotalkative 少话mutistic不语hyperactivity 活动过多hypoactivity 活动过少compulsive behavior 强迫行为verbigeration 重复语言catelepsy 僵直negativism阻抗行动Mannerism作态行为destrctive behavior 破坏行为autistic thinking 自闭性思考poverty of speech 言语贫乏flight of ideas 意念飞跃loosening of association思考连结松散illogical thinking 不合逻辑思考pressure speech 言语急迫thought blocking 思考中断incoherent 语无伦次thought Withdrawal 思想退缩irrelevant 答非所问delusion 妄想delusion of persecution 被害妄想delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想Phobia 恐惧症acrophobia 惧高症algophobia 惧痛症sexual drive 性欲illusion 错觉hallucination 幻觉auditory hallucination 听幻觉disoreinatation 失去定向力amnesia记忆丧失症confabulation 虚谈症orientation 定向力judgement 判断力derealization 失真感insight病识感no insight 无病识感intellectual insight 理性的病识感true emotional insight 真正具有情绪性病识感心理学名词free association 自由联想dream analysis 梦的解析ego 自我id 原我super ego 超我ego boundary 自我界限libido 原欲scapegoat 代罪羔羊internal conflict 内在冲突conscious 意识unconscious 潜意识preconscious前意识transference 情感转移depersonalization 人格解体derealization 脱离现实neurosis神经精神病Psychosis神经病Pleasure Principle 享乐原则Reality Principle 现实原则Moral Principle 道德原则Predisposing Factors 潜在因素Precipitating Factors 诱发因素Defense Mechanism 防卫机转compensation 补偿作用conversion 转化作用denial 否认作用displacement 转移作用dissociation 解离作用fantasy 幻想作用identification 认同作用introjection 内射作用projection 外射作用retionalization 合理化作用reaction formation 反向作用degression 退化作用repression 潜抑作用suppression 压抑作用restitution 归还作用sublimation 升华作用substitution 取代作用symbolism 象徵作用undoing 抵销作用distortion 曲解作用isolation 隔离作用Cognitive behavioral Therapy认知行为治疗Empathy 同理心Resistance阻抗testing out behavior 试探行为self-awareness自我了解separation anxiety 分离焦虑reinforcement 增强原则catharsis 情绪宣泄confrontation 面质listen 倾听restraint 约束physical restraint 身体的约束chemical 药物的约束五、各科常用缩写AAAD against-advicedischarge 自动出院A abdomen 腹部ADL activities of daily life日常生活活动A/G albumin /globulinration 白蛋白/蛋球白比例AK above knee 膝上B.BE below elbow 肘下BH body height 身高b.i.d twice a day 一日两次Bil bilateral两侧的BK below knee 膝下BM bowel movement 肠蠕动BMR basal metabolic rate基础代谢率BPH benign prostatichypertrophy良性摄护腺肥大BTI biliary tract infection胆道感染BUS blood, urine, stool 血液,小便,大便BW body weight 体重C.Ca. Carcinoma 癌CBC complete blood count全血球计数CBD common bile duct 总胆管CH cerebral hemorrhage脑出血Chest P-A chestposterio-anterio 前後胸部CO cardiac output 心输出量CPR cardiopulmonaryresuscitation 心肺复苏术CPS chronic paranasalsinusitis 慢性鼻窦炎C/T chemotherapy 化学治疗法CT cerebral thrombosis 脑栓塞CT Scan computerizedaxial tomography scan 电脑断层检查CVA cerebral vascularaccident 脑血管意外CVP central venouspressure 中心静脉压D.DC discontinue 停止D&C dilatation andcurettage 扩张及刮除术DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DPT diphtheria, pertussis,tetanus 白喉,百日咳,破伤风DU duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃伤E.ECG eletrocardiogram 心电图EEG electroecephalogram脑电波图ENT ear, nose, throat 耳鼻喉F.FH family history 家族史FHS fetal heart sounds 胎心音FOU fever of unknown 不明原因发烧Fr fracture 骨折G.GB gall bladder 胆囊GI tract gastric intestinaltract 胃肠道GSR general surgical routine 一般外科常规gtt. Drops 滴GU genitourinary 生殖泌尿的GYN gynecology 妇科学HHb hemoglobin 血色素HICH hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage 高血压性脑内出血h.s. at bedtime 睡前HT Hypertension 高血压Ht. (Hct.) Hematocrit 血球容积Hx History 病例IICP Intermittent catheterization program 间歇性导尿ICU Intensive care unit 加护病房ICT Intracerebral tumor脑内肿瘤I & D Incision and drainage 切开及流IICP Increased intracranial pressure 增高胪内压Imp. Impression 臆断IM Intramuscular 肌肉内的I & O Intake and output 输入及排出IV Intravenous 静脉内的IVKO Intravenous keep open 静脉点滴维持通畅JJej. Jejunum 空肠Jt. Joint 关节KKn. Knee 膝KUB Kidney, ureter, baldder 肾、输尿管及膀胱L. LFT liver function test肝功能试验LLQ left lower quadrant 左下象限LMP last menstrual period最後一次月经MMBD may be discharged可出院MN midnight 午夜NNKA non known allergy 不明原因的过敏NP nothing particular 并无特别的NPC nasopharyngealcarcinoma 鼻咽癌NPO nothing by mouth 禁食O.OA osteo-arthritis 骨性关节炎OB occult blood 潜血OBS obstetrics 产科OP operation 手术OPD outpatientdepartment 门诊Ortho. Orthopaedic 骨科矫行的OS ocular sinistro 左眼OT occupational therapy职能治疗OU Both eyes 双眼Pp.c. after meals 饭後PCT Penicillin test 盘尼西林测验PE Physical examination身体检查PI Present illness 目前病况p.o. by mouth 由口PPU Perforated peticulcer 穿孔性胃溃疡PT Physical therapy 物理治疗PTA Prior to admission 入院前PTN Parenteral totalnutrition 肠道外的高营养QQ every 每一q.d. every day 每日q.h every hour 每小时q.i.d. four times a day 每日四次q.m. every morning 每日早晨q.n. every night 每日晚间RRA rheumatoid a arthritis类风湿性关节炎RBC red blood cell 红血球RN registered nurse 护理师R/O rule out 可能是RR recovery room 恢复室R/T radio-therapy test 放射治疗RUQ right upper quadrant右上象限Rx take取拿Medication 处方Treatment 治疗SSc. Subcutaneous 皮下的SOB short of breath 呼吸短促SP.g.r. specific gravity 比重S/P status/ postoperation 手术後s-s half 一半St(stat) immediately 立刻Staph. Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌Tt.i.d. Three times a day 每日三次TPR Temperature, pulse, respirations 体温、脉搏、呼吸TURP Trans-urethral resection of prostate 经尿道切除摄护腺UURI Upper respiratory infection 上呼吸道感染WWBC White blood cell 白血球White blood count 白血球计数YY/O year old 年龄Z zero 零六、解剖式内外科常用字汇The cardiovascular system 心血管系统lungs 肺脏venisvessels血管capillaries微血管cardi 心脏arteriesblood clot凝血The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系统Blood 血液Red blood cell 红血球White blood cell白血球Platelet血小板The Respiratory System 呼吸系统Bronchial tube主支气管Alveoii气泡Pharynx咽Larynx喉Trachea气管Lung肺Bronchioles小支气管Pleura胸膜Chest 胸Air 气The Digestive System 消化系统Lips唇teeth 牙齿tongue舌bile duct 胆管gallbladder 胆囊duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠appendix 阑尾small intestine小肠large intestine大肠rectum 直肠anus 肛门pancreas胰stomach 胃esophagus食道pharynx咽The Endocrine SystemGlands 腺体Adrenals肾上腺Pancreas胰Pituitary 脑下腺Thyroid and parathyroids甲状腺和副甲状腺Breasts 乳房Ovaries 卵巢Testes睾丸The Nervous SystemBrain 脑Spinal cord 脊髓Vertebra脊椎Cranium颅腔Meninges脑膜Nerves神经The MusculoskeletalSystem 肌肉骨系统Skull 头骨Clavicle锁骨Sternum 胸骨Ribs 助骨Joints 关节Ligaments 韧带Tendons 肌腱Cartilage 软骨The Urinary and MaleReproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系统Cortex皮质Urinary膀胱Urethra尿道Ureters输尿管Kidney 肾脏Renal pelvis 肾孟Vas deferens精管Urinary bladder 膀胱prostate gland前列腺scrotum 阴囊testis 睾丸penis阴茎urethra尿道The Organs of SpecialSenses 特殊感觉器官Acoustic nerve听神经Ear 耳朵Hearing 听觉的tube 耳咽管Eardrum 耳骨膜Eustachian 欧式管Nasal cavities鼻腔Nose 鼻Eyelid眼睑Lens晶球体Carnea角膜Tear duct泪管Conjunctiva结膜Choroid layer 脉络膜Retina视网膜Sclera巩膜Optic nerve视神经Obstetrics & Hynecology妇产科常用字汇Fallopian tube输卵管Ovary 卵巢Uterus子宫Vagina阴道Vulva女阴(外生殖器官) 脑部系统cerebrum 大脑corpus callosum 胼胝体thalamus 视丘cerebellum 小脑diencephalon 间脑cerebral peduncles大脑脚infundibulum漏斗hypophysis 脑下垂体midbrain 中脑pons 桥脑medulla 延脑brain stem 脑干眼球构造pupil 瞳孔suspensory ligaments 悬韧带ciliary process捷状突retinal veins网膜静脉retinal arteries网膜动脉optic nerve视神经anterior chamber前眼房posterior chamber 後眼房iris虹膜vitreous body 玻璃状体internal rectus muscle 内直肌lacrimal puncta泪孔lacrimal canaliculi泪小管lacrimal gland 泪腺excretory lacrimal duct 泪腺管eyebrow眉毛耳朵构造cochlea 耳蜗eustachian tube 耳咽管helix 耳壳tympanic membrance 鼓膜external auditory canal 外耳道semicircular canals半规管malleus锤骨vestibulocochlear nerve前庭耳蜗神经口腔gingiva 齿龈molars 大臼齿premolars 小臼齿canines犬齿incisors 门齿vestibule of mouth 口腔前庭upper lip 上唇upper lip frenulum 上唇系带alveolar provess齿槽突hard palate硬颚palatine tonsil颚扁桃腺sublingual caruncle 舌下阜七、癌症相关单字1. gastric cancer胃癌2. pancreatic cancer胰脏癌3. colon cancer结肠癌4. rectal cancer直肠癌5. prostate cancer摄护腺癌6.nasotharyngdalcarcinona鼻咽癌7. cervical cancer子宫颈癌8. lung cancer肺癌9. esophageal cancer食道癌10. bladder cancer膀胱癌11. laryngl caner喉癌12. ovarian cancer软巢癌13. liver cancer肝癌14. skin cancer皮肤癌15. breast cancer乳癌16. leukemia血癌17. bone cancer骨癌18. brain tumor脑癌19. heart disease 心脏病20. lymphoma 淋巴瘤八、医院内常见单字Hospital 医院Nursing school = nursinghome 护理学校(nursing home) Privateconvalescencehospital慢性疾病或恢复期的患者寮养的私立小医院(nursery school) 处理幼稚园之幼儿的地方Department of Medicine =Department of InternalMedicine 内科Resident in medicine 内科住院医师Chief of Medicine 内科主任(Medical man)Internist = intern = intern实习生(Internist = 内科医师)House officer 医院医师的称呼Junior and senior students医学院学生(通常3或4学生)Extern 医院实习生Clinical clerk 从事病历记录实习之学生Student nurse 护理学生Graduate nurse护理学校毕业的护士Registered nurse (R.N.)取得考试许可证Supervisor督导护士Head nurse护士长Scrub nurse 手术助理护士Practicing physician =physician in practice =practitioner 开业医生Ambulance = ambulatory救护车(不限於车子只要是搬运病人的船或飞机) Ambulant 可走动不必卧床的病人Ambulantory patient住院患者可走动(May ambulate, ambulatory, up ad lib,may walk)Malingerer 装病的人(malinger 装病)Paretic 麻痹患者Malpractice 诊疗错误Emergency room 急诊室Ward 病房station护理站por恢复室Patient患者,病人Narcotic 麻醉药Nurse护士Doctor 医生Internist内科医生Surgeon外科医生Dentist 牙科医生Gynecologist 妇科医生Orthopedist 骨科医生Oculist 眼科医生Pediatrician 小儿科医生Psychiatrist 精神病医生Intern实习医生Examination table 诊疗台Clinical thermometer 体温计Stethoscope 听诊器Reflector 反光镜X-ray checkup X 光检查X-ray photograph X光像片Operation 手术Scalpel 手术刀Syringe 针筒Hypodermic needle 注射针Injection 注射Ice bag 冰袋Fixation forceps 固定镊Medicine, drug药品Bandage 绷带Absorbent cotton 脱脂棉Gauze 纱布Mask 口罩Wheel chair 轮椅Crutches 柺杖Ambulance 救护车Stretcher 担架Chart 病历表Prescription处方Blood pressure 血压Blood type 血型Artificial respiration 人工呼吸Pill 药丸Capsule胶囊Ointment 软膏Iodine tincture 碘酒Sedative 镇静剂Intensive care unit 加护病房CardiopulmonaryResuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏术Intravenous drip 点滴Chemotherapy化学治疗Computerized Topography电脑断层magnetic resonanceimaging核磁共振Bureau of National HealthInsurance中央健保局Fracture骨折Gypsum 石膏九、病历表内常见单字Front sheet, Summarysheet 首页,摘要表History sheet 病历表Physical examination sheet身体检查表Physician's order sheet 医嘱单Physician's progress note医生用病情进展记录Laboratory reports 检验报告Radiographic reports X光检查报告Nursing notes 护理记录Graphic chart 图式病历Discharge summary sheet出院摘要Operation report 手术报告Anesthesia record 麻醉记录Consultation sheet 会诊单Intake and output sheet摄取与排泄记录Consent (or permission)for operation 手术同意书Emergency room record急诊室记录住院病历表身家调查事项( identifyingdata or biographic data)admission date 住院日期hospital number = chartnumber 病历号码room number 病房号码namesexagebirth datebirth placemarital status = civil status婚姻状况addressoccupationempolyer 雇主公司行号health insurance number医疗保险号码referring physician 转介医生各系统的表现状况--全身状态违和感malaise (= a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, indefinite bodily weakness or discomfort)feel unwell (ill, poorly)疲劳感.倦怠感lassitudefatiguetirednesswearinesslanguorlack of energy (vigor) listlessnessexhaustionworn-out虚脱无力状态weaknessfeeblenesslack (loss) of strength debility powerlessness prostration(= extreme weakness or exhaustion) asthenia睡眠状态sleepslumber (=light sleep)a nap (=a short sleep)a doze (= a light or fitful sleep)入睡fall asleep ; go to sleep小睡take a nap ; take a doze ; slumber ; doze ; drowse欲睡的sleepy ; drowsy ; somolent ; lethargic睡意sleepiness ; drowsiness ; somnolence 摧睡become(= feel =get) sleepy(=drowsy = somnolent)睡眠不足loss(= lack = want) of sleep 失眠insomnia ;sleeplessness ;wakefulness ; inability tosleep失眠症的人insomniac熟睡sound (profound)sleep睡醒awake ; wake ; rouse ;awaken作梦dream恶梦nightmare梦游症sleepwalking ;somnambulism梦游病者sleep-walker ;somnambulist ;night-walker体重方面(weight ; bodyweight)体重为weigh~ ; be ~ inweight最高maximum最低minimum平均average最适optimum现在present体重减少weight loss ;loss of weight体重增加weight gain ;gain in weight ; increase inweight瘦thin ; lean ; skinny瘦弱emaciated(emaciation)肥胖fat ; stout ; fatty体温状况(bodytemperature量体温take one'stemperature发烧fever ; pyrexia ; rise(elevation) of temperature ;increase in temperature发烧的feverish ; febrile ;fevered ; pyrexic ; pyrexial无发烧的afebrile ;feverless ; apyrexial发冷a chill ; rigor ; have acold fit寒颤shiver ; shake ;shaking chills ; shiveringwith chills退热fall ; drop ; go down ;abate ; remit发汗sweating ;perspiration弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever连续热continuous fever危险期by crisis转轻期by lysis疼痛方面偏头痛migraine ; megrim ;hemicrania ;後头部痛occipital pain侧头部痛temporal pain前头部痛frontal pain头痛have(suffer) aheadache ; one's headaches ; feel a pain in thehead耳痛earache ; sore ears ;toalgia咽喉痛sore throat ;pharyngalgia眼痛have painful eyes ;one's eyes hurt(smart)齿痛toothache胸痛chest pain心前部痛precordial pain心绞痛anginal pain胸股下後痛substernal(retrosternal) pain胸膜炎痛pleuritic pain腹痛abdominal pain ;belly(stomach) ache上腹痛epigastric pain ;pain in the epigastrium上腹部痛upperabdominal pain下腹部痛lower abdominal pain左上腹部痛left upper quadrant pain侧腹部痛flank pain背痛backache腰痛low backache ; lumbago关节痛joint pain肌肉痛muscular pain神经痛neuralgia绞痛colic ; colicky pain胆石绞痛biliary or gallstone colic肾石痛renal colic痛cramps ; crampy (cramping) pain; spasmodic博动痛throbbing(pounding, thumping, pulsating) pain 转移性痛radiating pain ; pain with radiation牵连痛referred pain电击痛lightning (fulgurant, shooting) pain 带状痛girdle pain神经根性痛root pain空腹痛hunger pain夜间痛nocturnal pain自发痛spontaneous pain 压痛tenderness固定痛fixed (steady) pain 灼热痛burning pain刺状痛lancinating ; piercing ; stinging ; darting; stabbing分裂状头痛splitting ; racking撕裂状痛tearing ; rending ;钝痛dull ; obtuse ;剧烈痛sharp ; excruciating ; tormenting ; torturing ; racking ;agonizingly severe不断阵痛gnawing ;griping擦伤痛stinging ;smarting ; sore针刺痛pricking ; pricking呼吸器管和循环器管系统呼吸breath ; respiration呼吸困难difficulty inbreathing ; dyspnea呼吸短促be short ofbreath ; shortness ofbreath ;be short-winded;be out of breath ; loseone's breath深呼吸breathe deeply叹息sigh ; draw a longbreath喘息pant端坐呼吸orthopnea劳动时呼吸困难exertionaldyspnea ; difficulty inbreathing onexertion( physical activity)夜间呼吸困难nocturnaldyspnea呼吸快速tachypnea ;rapid breathing喘呜wheeze ; wheezing打喷嚏sneezing ; sneeze打嗝hiccup (hiccough) ;singultus咳嗽cough阵发性咳嗽have a fit ofcoughing ; have aparoxysmal清喉clear the throat乾咳dry cough ; hackingcouth ; nonproductivecough有痰咳productive cough ;cough with sputum喀痰sputum ; phlegm ;expectorate喀血hemoptysis ; bloodyexpectoration粘喀痰viscid (tenaceous ;thick ) sputum浓喀痰frothy sputum泡沫状喀痰mucoidsputum脓性喀痰purulent sputum血性喀痰bloody sputum混血喀痰blood-streakedsputum绿色喀痰greenish sputum锈色喀痰rusty sputum感冒common cold流形性感冒influenze ; flu ;grippe上呼吸道感染upperrespiratory infection(U.R.I.)胸膜炎pleruisy气喘asthma心悸palpitation悸动palpitate ; throb脉搏暂停pause in thepulse ; skipped pulse(heart beat)速脉rapid pulse ;tachycardia徐脉slow pulse ;bradycardia高血压high bloodpressure ; hypertension ;hypotension心脏麻痹heart attack ;heart failure ; cardiacstandstill狭心症angina (=anginapectoris)心脏瓣膜症valvulardisease of the heart ;leaking heart valve (leakyheart)动脉硬化hardening of thearteries ; arterioscalerosis 血液循环不佳have a poor circulation of blood间歇性跛行intermittent claudication消化器官系统食欲不振a poor (weak or bad) appetite ; no little appetite ; loss (lack or decrease) of appetite ; anorexia食欲增进increase (improvement) of appetite 无食欲have no (little ; a poor) appetite食欲旺盛have a strong (voracious) appetite丧失食欲lose one's apptite空腹an empty stomach咀嚼chewing ; mastication吞咽swallow gulp吞咽困难difficulty in swallowing ; dysphagia嗳气打噎belching ; eructation打酸噎sour eructation心灼热heatburn ; pyrosis ; water brash逆流regugitation恶心nausea ; retch ; heaving ; nauseous feeling ; sickly feeling感到恶feel nausea (nauseous, nauseated, sick,queasy) ; retch ; heave ; feel like vomiting 呕吐vomiting ; emesis ; vomit ; throw up ; bring up ; spew呕吐物vomit ; vomitus; vomited matter咖啡渣coffee-grounds 消化digestion消化不良indigestion ;dyspepsia腹部饱胀abdominaldistention ; bloating ;flautulence; meteorism;gassiness腹鸣borborygmus ;gurgling ; growling ;rumbling黄疸jaundice ; icterus腹水ascites通便bowel movement ;bowel habit ; pass stools ;move one's bowels ;defecate ; evacuate thebowels ;下痢diarrhea ; loosebowels ;便秘constipation水状watery stool (feces)血状bloody stool柏油状tarry stool泥状mushy stool软状loose stool硬状hard stool呈固状formed stool呈半固状semiformedstool大便失禁fecalincontinence放屁pass gas ; pass wind ;pass flatus泌尿与生殖器官系统排尿urination ;micturition ; pass(void)urine ; urinate ; micturate尿意urge (desire ) tourinate尿急urinary urgency频尿urinary frequency夜间频尿frequenturination during the night ;nycturia多尿polyuria少尿oliguria无尿anuria排尿困难difficulty inurination ; dysuria闭尿urinary retention尿失禁urinaryincontinence夜间多尿nocutria夜尿症bed-wetting ;enuresis混浊尿cloudy (turbid)urine血尿bloody urine ;hematuria性欲sexual desire ; libido性交sexual intercourse ;coitus ; coition杨萎impotence勃起erection射精ejaculation早泄prematureejaculation遗精pollution梦遗nocturnalpollution(emission); wetdream包茎phimosis ; tighteningof the foreskin (prepuce)割礼circumcision性病veneral disease (V.D.)月经menstruation ;menses ; periods ;menstrual periods初潮menarche ; onset ofmenses停经menopause更年期climacteric ;changeof life痛经dysmenorrhea ;painful menstruation无月经amenorrhea ;missed periods月经过多menrrhagia ;hypermenorrhea ; excessive bleeding; excessive flow白带vaginal discharge阴道出血vaginal bleeding 少量时yaginal spoting子宫出血metrorrhagia ; uterine bleeding妊娠pregnancy ; conception怀孕conceive ; be pregnant不妊sterility ; barrenness ; infertility ; inability to conceive流产abortion ; miscarriage ;人工流产induced abortion 避孕contraception; birth control避孕药contraceptive阵痛labor生产分娩childbirth ; delivery ; give birth to ; be delivered坐月子childbed ; confinement; pueriperium ; puerperal period孕吐morning sickness ; nausea and vomiting of pregancy骨关节与肌肉系统脱臼joint ; dislocation ; be dislocated be out of joint ; be put out of joint扭伤sprain挫伤sprain (twist ; wrench )关节炎arthritis风湿症theumatism痛风gout (gaut)关节痛arthralgia ; joint pain变形deformity 骨折fracture石膏cast ; plaster of Paris义腿(肢) artificial limb肌肉痛muscle pain ;myalgia ; sore muscle扭筋strain ; sprain肩坚硬stiffness in ashoulder ; a stiff shoulder ;a cramp in the calf ; legcramp抽筋have a cramp ; becramped肌肉压痛tenderness ofmuscle ; musculartenderness精神与神经系统意识混浊clouding ofconsciousness丧失意识loss ofconsciousness ;unconsciousness恢复意识recoverconsciousness昏厥fainting ; syncope昏睡soma昏迷stupor嗜睡somnolence ;sleepiness;drowiness ; lethargy错乱confusion ;distracted ; distraught胆妄的delirious幻觉hallucination痉挛convulsion ; cramp ;spasm癫痫epilepsy半身不遂be paralyzed onone side ; becomehemiplegic肌无力muscularweakness步行困难difficulty inwalking说话不清speak thickly蹒跚stagger ; reel ; falter ;walk zigzag ; walk with anunsteady gait; reel along肌肉萎缩atrophy ofmuscle左手性left-handedness右手性right-handedness运动失调ataxia无感觉loss of sensation ;numbness ; anesthesia失去感觉become numb ;loss sensibility知觉过敏hypersthesia知觉迟钝hypesthesia知觉异常paresthesia神经质nervousness ;sensitive ; touchy神经衰弱nervousbreaksown意志消沉depressed ; inlow spirits情绪佳in good mood ;cheerful ; euphoric情绪不稳定unstable ;labile capricious易受刺激excitable ; easilyexcited ; irritable不安的anxious ;apprehensive ; uneasy内向的人introvert外向的人extrovert健忘be forgetful ; have apoor memory漠不关心indifferent ;nonchalant ; unconcerned自卑感inferiority complex歇斯底里病hysteria眼耳鼻咽喉视力丧失lose one's sight9eyesight) ; become blind失明loss of vision ;blindness视力减退impairment ofvisual acuity ; impaired。

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