人教版_高中英语_必修一第一单元知识总结

人教版必修一第一单元知识点总结
一、重点短语
1.go through经历，经受
get through通过；完成；接通电话
2.set down记下，放下
3.a series of一系列
4.on purpose有目的的
5.in order to为了
6.at dusk傍晚，黄昏时刻
7.face to face面对面
8.fall in love爱上
9.join in参加（某个活动）；
take part in参加（活动）
join加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）
10.calm down冷静下来
11.suffer from遭受
12.be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦
13.be concerned about关心
14.get on/along well with与…相处融洽
15.be good at/do well in擅长于…
16.find it+adj.to do sth.发现做某事是…
17.no longer/not…any longer不再…
18.too much太多（后接不可数n.）
much too太…(后接adj.)
19.not…until直到…才
20.it’s no pleasure doing sth做…并不开心
21.make sb.sth.使某人成为…
make sb.do sth.使某人做某事
二、语法----直接引语和间接引语
概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。

一般前后要加引号。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。

间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且
不要加引号。

例：Mr.Black said,“I’m busy.”
Mr.Black said that he was busy.
变化规则
（一）陈述句的变化规则
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思
例：1.He said,“I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much.
2.He said to me,“I’v left my book in your room.”
→He told me that he had left his book in my room.
时态的变化
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
过去完成时过去完成时
例：
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said,“I’m using a knife.”
→The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：
He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语间接引语
this that
these those
now then
ago before/earlier
today that day
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next/following day
the day after tomorrow In two day’s time
come go
here there
the day before yesterday two days before/earlier
(二)祈使句的变化规则
如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。

例：
The hostess said to us,“Please sit down.”
→The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
（三）疑问句的变化规则
如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。

一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。

例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.
→The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2)特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。

例：
“What do you want?”he asked me.
→He asked me what I wanted。