composition

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article的同义词

article的同义词

article的同义词article表示"文章,论文的意思,那么你知道article的同义词是什么吗?一起来学习一下吧!同义词辨析:composition, article, essay, paper, prose, thesis, theme, dissertation这些名词均含"文章,论文"之意。

composition :多指学校里老师给学生的作文练习。

article :多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章,包括新闻报导、学术论文等。

essay :指任何一种非小说性的,篇幅不长、结构简练的文章,如论说文、报道、评论、讽刺性杂文等。

paper :正式用词,多指在学术刊物上发表或在学术会议上宣读的专题论文,也指高等学校的学期论文,或学校里的作文练习。

prose :专指散文。

thesis :既可指毕业论文、学位论文,又可指一般的为阐述学术观点而写的论文。

theme :一般指大学或高中生作为作业所写的篇幅有限、较完整论述某个观点的文章。

也可指作品或谈话的主要论题。

dissertation :书面语用词,指独立研究后所写的较为详细的专题文章;也可指学位论文。

词组习语:an article of faith1. 坚定的信念article of virtuthe finished article1. (可投入使用的)成品the genuine article1. 同类人(或物)中的典范article 的例句:1. No one article can ever do justice to the topic of fraud.没有哪一篇文章能把欺诈这一话题讲得恰到好处。

2. There is a lengthy article on Spike Milligan in the Observer newspaper.《观察家报》上有一篇关于斯派克·米利根的长篇文章。

再论照片的结构(structure):为什么不是构图(composition)

再论照片的结构(structure):为什么不是构图(composition)

再论照片的结构(structure):为什么不是构图(composition)?此文转载公众号“头撞影墙”,作者:胡涂前一帖《论照片的结构》发出后,受到了大家的热情关注,当晚点击量即超过4000次,不到三天即超过7000次,关注人数新增近400人。

看来这个问题很多人非常关心。

有部分摄友指出,结构不就是我们传统所说的“构图”吗?我当即答复:完全是两回事。

前文《论照片的结构》统计数据这不仅仅是斯蒂芬·肖尔(Stephen Shore)把结构(structure)和构图(composition)做了区分,认为构图这个词往往用于人工构造的过程(a synthetic process,如绘画)。

暂且不论这个区分——国内无人研究两者的不同。

即使在国外,很多摄影人士也归于视觉上的构图(composition),因此更有必要弄清楚两者的差异。

本人以为摄影师都应记住斯蒂芬·肖尔的这句话首先在词性上,虽然两者都属于名词,但我们可以发觉,构图更着重于“构”,也就是对相机取景区内事物的安排、布局(更像一个动词),而结构更着重于照片所呈现的结果。

因此,我们更容易理解为,通过画面的“构图”,从而产生了“照片的结构”(通过“构图”产生“结构”,我觉得这种阐述更适合绘画)——很显然,我们发觉两者讨论的着眼点是有区别的。

凡·高(Vincent Van Gogh)作品:《De slaapkamer》(1888年)因为这个词,我参考了多本国内外关于摄影“构图”的教程——如德国阿尔布雷希特·里斯勒的《摄影的构图——图像设计的法则》(浙江摄影出版社),英国汤姆·安的《数码单反摄影·构图·编修实用讲座》(中国摄影出版社),美国费尔的《数码摄影工坊:构图》(人民邮电出版社),英国·弗罗斯特的《摄影构图500技》(中国青年出版社),美国本·克莱门茨、大卫·罗森菲尔德的《摄影构图学》(长城出版社),雷依里、卓鹏编著的《摄影构图圣经》,李杨品、李柏秋编著《数码摄影技巧大全:构图》(中国电力出版社),黑冰编著《7小时精通数码单反摄影构图》(电子工业出版社),史林平、钟山编著《构图决定一切》(人民邮电出版社),倪楠编著《排兵布阵——摄影构图实战兵法》(华中科技大学出版社),墨叶、王鹿童、小灰编著的《数码摄影构图与用光》(电脑报电子音像出版社)……基本上都类似,也就是重点在于“如何构”。

AE CS3 Composition窗口

AE CS3  Composition窗口

AE CS3 Composition窗口在AE中,Composition窗口可以说是整个素材编辑过程中的“发动机”,它有着举足轻重的地位,无论进行任何操作都要通过它进行预览。

为此,本节将向大家介绍该窗口的功能,以及一些工具的使用方法。

当我们利用上一节所学习的知识创建了一个Composition后,在Project面板中双击该选项,即可打开一个Composition预览窗口,如图2-40所示。

该窗口可以被分为两大部分,分别是显示区域和操作区域。

其中,整个预览窗口用于显示图像,而在预览窗口的下方有一个水平工具栏,被称为操作区域。

图2-40 Composition窗口图2-41 放大显示比率对于显示区域,就不再作过多的说明,它主要用于预览整个画面的效果。

下面主要介绍一下操作区域中的各个工具的功能。

●Always Preview This View始终预览当前视图。

如果按下该按钮,则将始终预览当前的视图;如果弹起该按钮,则当前视图不参与预览。

●Magnification ratio popup放大显示比率。

读者可以单击右侧的下三角按钮,在展开的下拉列表中选择合适的放大比率进行显示,如图2-41所示。

如果选择了Fit选项,则会按照合适的比例自动进行调整。

●Choose grid and guide options单击Composition窗口底部的按钮,可以打开一个下拉菜单,该菜单中的命令可以辅助我们进行素材的安排。

其中,如果选择了Title/Action Safe则可以在显示区域中显示主题和激活安全框,如图2-42所示。

图2-42 主题/激活框 图2-43 辅助网格在制作影片时要将重要的场景、元素等放在Action 安全框内;要把标题、字母放置在标题安全框内。

外侧的边框为Action 安全框,内存的边框为标题安全框,即Title 安全框。

如果选择Proportional Grid 选项,则可以在显示区域中产生辅助的平衡网格,如图2-43所示。

composition(组成).ppt

composition(组成).ppt
contains elastic fibers, lymphoid elements, and plasma cells. (SIgA)
粘膜下层(submucosa):
L.C.T.contains mixed glands
外膜(adventitia ):contains
C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings (透明软骨环)and an
(1) lobar bronchi small bronchi (叶支气管 至 小支气管)
变化规律: 三少一多 。
decrease in thickness of the wall and height of epithelial cells;
decrease in the amount of cartilage, glands, goblet cells;
呼吸部 (respiratory portion ) :
respiratory bronchioles(呼吸性细支气管) alveolar ducts(肺泡管) alveolar sac(肺泡囊) alveoli(肺泡).
exchange of gases take place in the
respiratory portion
(1)
(2)
(3)肺泡囊(alveolar sac)
多个肺泡围 成的囊腔。
( the smooth
muscle fibers are absent).
小支气管
(3)
肺泡囊 呼吸性细支气管
肺泡管
细支气管
(4)肺泡(pulmonary alveoli)
The alveoli are where most of the gas exchange take place between the blood and the inspired air. Their number about 300 million, presenting to the inspired air, a total surface about 140 m2. 由肺泡上皮(alveolar epithelium)和基膜构成。

英语中的构词规律

英语中的构词规律

It's only three stops from here to the museum.这里到博物馆只有 3站路。(stops是名词)
My mother loves me very much.我母亲很爱我。(mother是名词)
She mothers her baby sister.她像母亲一样照料她的小妹妹。(mothers是动词)
air+ port—airport(etween(媒人)
out+of+door-out-of-door(户外的)
除以上3种主要构词法外,英语有时也用以下3种方法构成新词:
1、缩略或剪截法(shortening or clippin):把原来较长的词缩短成新词,意义不变,如:

telephone—phone(电话)
omnibus—bus(公共汽车)
photograph—photo(照片)
bicycle—bike(自行车)
2、倒退构词法(back-formation):将某些词误作派生词而去其词缀构成,经长期使用,它们被人们接受了,如:
beggar(乞丐)—beg(乞讨)editor(编者;编辑)—edit(编辑;编排)enthusiasm(热情;热心)—enthuse(表示热心;变得热心)
加后缀:wonder(奇妙)- wonderful(奇妙的),slow(慢的)- slowly(慢慢地),dark(黑暗的)- darkness(黑暗),teach(教)- teacher(教师)
三、合成法(composition):两个或两个以上的词合在一起组成的词,如:
basket+ ball—basketball(篮球)
hawker(放鹰打猎者)—hawk(鹰)

介绍英语作文的英语怎么写

介绍英语作文的英语怎么写

介绍英语作文的英语怎么写Introduction to English Composition。

English composition is an essential skill that every student needs to master. It is the foundation of effective communication in the English language, and it is necessary for success in academic and professional settings. In this article, we will explore the basics of English composition, including its purpose, structure, and techniques.Purpose。

The purpose of English composition is to communicate ideas effectively through written language. It is a way of expressing oneself and conveying information to others. Whether it is a formal essay, a personal letter, or a business report, the goal of English composition is to convey a message clearly and concisely.Structure。

English composition typically follows a specific structure. It starts with an introduction that presents the main idea or topic of the piece. The body of the composition provides supporting evidence and details to develop the main idea. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the main points and restates the thesis statement.Techniques。

英语的四种文体的区别

英语的四种文体的区别

Also, more people eat chicken than ducks, so they will bring more at the market. Not only that, chicken manure makes good fertilizer for plants around the farm. You will just have to admit it: all things considered, chickens are better than ducks to make a pleasant life on the farm!
Forms of composition ( summary): (1) Narration: (2) Argumentation: (4) Description:
order, diction
time, place, character, event point, supporting facts (details)

Example: Life on a Farm (Description)
The still morning calm is broken by the rooster’s crow. Shortly after that all the creatures on the farm are hungrily awake. The birds are singing delightfully, flying from tree to tree. The little chicks hurry around with their mother hen looking for food.
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composition的用法和短语例句

composition的用法和短语例句

composition的用法和短语例句composition有成分;作品;组织;作文;合成物等意思,那么你知道composition的用法吗?下面跟着小编一起来学习一下,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!composition的用法:composition的用法1:composition的意思是作曲,创作,写作,表示抽象的行为,是不可数名词。

引申可表示具体的成果,即作文,作品,是可数名词。

composition的用法2:composition也可作构成,成分解,既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。

composition的用法3:composition还有混合物,合成物的意思,是可数名词。

composition的常用短语:用作名词(n.)in composition with与一并together with sb/sthmake a composition with和妥协compromise with sb/sthcomposition的用法例句:1. The course is designed to help students with colour and composition.设置这门课程是为了指导学生如何运用色彩和构图。

2. the chemical composition of the soil土壤的化学成分3. He played a piece of music of his own composition.他演奏了一首自己创作的曲子.4. They decided to make a composition with their rivals.他们决定和他们的对手妥协.5. The majority always turn an unfavorable attitude towards atonal composition.大多数人对无调性作品的态度往往是不能接受的.6. The prelude to the musical composition is very long.这首乐曲的序曲很长.7. Have you finished your composition already? You are very speedy.你已经写完作文了吧?你动作真快.8. Make an outline before trying to write a composition.写作文之前先写个提纲.9. His composition is excellent except for some grammatical mistakes.他的作文写得很好,只有几处语法错误.10. This point will be taken in composition with other points.这一点将与其余各点一并考虑.11. He merits a grade of B on his composition.他的作文分数应该得B.12. Her drawing is competent, but her composition is poor.她的画有功力, 但布局欠佳.13. Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.除了一些拼写错误, 这篇文章写得很不错.14. The composition is all right, but there is room for improvement.这篇作文还不错, 不过还可以改进.15. The teacher singled out one composition for class discussion.教师挑选出一篇作文来供课堂上讨论.。

总结绘画英语常用词汇

总结绘画英语常用词汇

绘画英语常用词汇1.abstract art : 抽象派艺术A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter. 强调形式至上,忽视内容的一种非写实主义绘画风格Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musical quality. 康定斯创作的抽象派作品有一种音乐美。

2.abstract expressionism : 抽象表现派;抽象表现主义A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion, strong color, and giving primacy to the act of painting. 把绘画本身作为目的,以表达情感和浓抹重涂为特点的非写实主义风格。

Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s. 20世纪四五十年代是抽象表现艺术发展的顶峰时期。

3.action painting : 动作画派A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying paint. 指使画布产生强烈动作效果的绘画风格。

Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the techniques used to apply paint, such as throwing it on the canvas. 在外行看来,动作派的作品通常是幼稚的,这主要是因为画家采用的作画方法,比如将颜料泼洒在画布上。

English Differences词汇区别

English Differences词汇区别
rectify: 正式用词,意义较抽象,侧重指彻底改正偏离子正确标准或规则的东西。
remedy: 正式用词,通常指在局部范围内进行纠正,尤指对困难或棘手问题的解决。
revise: 指通过仔细阅读、反复思考后而进行改正、订正或修订,使趋于完善。
amend: 书面语用词。指进行更正或改变,使之更好,符合更高的要求。
article: 多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章,包括新闻报导、学术论文等。
essay: 指任何一种非小说性的,篇幅不长、结构简练的文章,如论说文、报道、评论、讽刺性杂文等。
paper: 正式用词,多指在学术刊物上发表或在学术会议上宣读的专题论文,也指高等学校的学期论文,或学校里的作文练习。
meeting: 广义上的会议,一般的聚集性会议。
conference: 人数较多的正式学术会议,政论型会议。
比较:council偏重于机构性会议;meeging 为广义的会议;conference则表示专项议题性讨论会。
3.associate, companion, comrade, colleague, fellow, partner(这些名词均有“同事,伙伴”之意)
partner:指事业中处于合伙关系的人,或指婚姻、游戏、跳舞中的另一方。
position, article, essay, paper, prose, thesis, theme, dissertation
(这些名词均含“文章,论文”之意。)
composition: 多指学校里老师给学生的作文练习。
22.cabin, cottage, but, shed(这些名词均含有“小屋”之意。)
expend: 较正式用词,通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。

作文范文之新概念2第63课composition作文

作文范文之新概念2第63课composition作文

新概念2第63课composition作文【篇一:新概念英语教案第二册63课】lesson 63 she was not amused一、教学重点1、复习书信写作二、教学步骤1、引入话题(详见右框)。

2?2、听一遍音频,掌握大意。

5?① is jeremy greatly admired for his great sense of humor or not?② what was he invited to do?③ did he immediately agree to do so or not?3、生词解读,纠正发音。

10?4、提出问题:why had jenny not enjoyed her father?s speech?看一遍视频,解答问题。

3?5、精讲课文,板书和笔记(详见下文)。

20?【第二节课】 1、做291页的两道选择理解题。

5? 2、朗读课文。

10? 3、复习句型(详见下文)。

10?4、做289页关于句型的练习。

15?5、绕口令。

10?【第三节课】1、讲解290页的难点。

10?2、听写单词,记忆法指点。

10?3、听英文歌曲。

8?4、看图背课文比赛。

20?5、总结本课重点,让学生标注(详见上文)。

1?6、布置作业:摘要写作,291页的选择题,背课文和单词。

1?三、单词讲解1. circle [s?:kl]n. 圈子1)圆,圆周,圆形空间eg. use your compasses to draw a circle.用你的圆规画个圆。

2)一圈……a circle of trees 一圈树eg. we sat in a circle.我们坐成一圈a circle of hills 环山a circle of lookers-on 一圈围观者[词汇扩展]square 正方形triangle 三角形a star has five ends, a square has four ends, a triangle has three ends, a line has two ends, i hope your happiness is no end.3)(有共同兴趣,职业等的人形成的)圈子,阶层,界have a large circle of friends 交友广泛in theatrical circles 在演艺界in business circles 在商业界in political circles 在政界4)循环,一周the circle of the seasons 四季的循环vicious circle 恶性循环go round in circles没有进展,瞎忙2. admire [?dmai?]v. 赞美,钦佩1)赞美,钦佩,羡慕admire sb./ sth. for…因……而羡慕某人、某物eg. i admire you for your success in business.我羡慕你事业有成。

高三英语composition-2

高三英语composition-2
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
The teacher stopped to open the door. A man was standing outside. He looked worried. He said something to the teacher in a low voice. Then the teacher walked in and told us there was something happening in her family. She must leave right now. After that, I knew her husband was seriously ill. I hoped he would be better soon.赵倩
One day, we were having an English class when suddenly there was a knock on the door. Our teacher went out and soon returned wirh a smile on her face. She told us that a group of American students were visiting our school and they would li9ke to chat with us in English. We were very glad to have this opportunity to practice our English. Soon pleasant conversations began. As usual, I rode my bike to send the letters. It was still sunny. But some time later, there were many clouds in the sky. Then it began to rain. I took off my coat without any hesitation to keep the letter safe from the rain. It rained heavily. I sent a letter to a child, who was dressed in a red raincoat.. Then I was going to send another letter. The child called me back and took off her raincoat and gave it to me. She said that the letters were important and the postman was important as well. Then she ran away with a smile. Although the weather was very cold, my heart felt warm. The child was very warm-hearted. I thought I must try my best to work hard in future as thanks to the child.温雅

新概念英语 Lesson74--80 composition 答案

新概念英语 Lesson74--80 composition 答案

新概念英语Lesson74~80 composition 答案Lesson74 Composition answerIt was a fine day,we prepared for a picnic.After all of us collected,we got on a car and drove into the country.We found a quiet spot near a beautifulbrook.We moved down all the picnic things from our car.After sittingdown,we unpacked pur hampers to enjoy.After a while,we found there were a few wasps nearby.They were flying towards our things.Then a great many wasps followed.We did our efforts to drive them away,but they didn't fly away.When one of us suddenly saw a wasp nest in a tree nearby,the wasps had seized our things and started to sting us.We had to stand up and returned to our car while we were pursued by the wasps.We drove away at once.(150 words)Lesson75 Composition answerA light aeroplane with a heavy cargo was flying over a mountain when a sudden storm appeared in front of the plane.It cause a blast of high winds.The situation was very dangerous.The pilot got surprised and made a crash.He made the plane avoid the storm successfully,landing in the snow.But the pilotwas unhurt.He got out of the plane rapidly and took a big rope with him and roped the plane to a rock in order that it wasn't swept away.After he finished this,it grew dark and got very cold.He set up a tent and spent the night in the tent.When he awoke next morning,he found that the plane had been swept away by the wind and it had been smashed to pieces.(149 words)Lesson76 Composition answerA light aeroplane with a heavy cargo was flying over a mountain when a sudden storm appeared in front of the plane.It cause a blast of high winds.The situation was very dangerous.The pilot got surprised and made a crash.He made the plane avoid the storm successfully,landing in the snow.But the pilotwas unhurt.He got out of the plane rapidly and took a big rope with him and roped the plane to a rock in order that it wasn't swept away.After he finished this,it grew dark and got very cold.He set up a tent and spent the night in the tent.When he awoke next morning,he found that the plane had been swept away by the wind and it had been smashed to pieces.(149 words)Lesson77 Composition answerA mummy suddenly disappeared from a museum last night.The guard of the museum reported the case to the curator,but unfortunately a reporter knew this case.The news appeared in many newspaper reports,at the sametime ,some strange stories about the mummy were reported.Becuase the mummy hadn't been found until then,the public had got alarmed.(63 words)An official announcement was issued from the museum at noon,It declared that the mummy had been found.the mummy hadn't been stolen by the thief.it was being placed in the laboratory.We hadn't to be afraid of the mummy because the scientists were studying the mummy.Once the scientists finished the study,the mummy would be back in its place soon.Quickly the public heard this announcement and knew the truth and became gradualllycalm. (147 words)Lesson78 Composition answerTwo young boys wanted to smoke but they had no money to buy thecigarettes and they didn't know how to smoke.One of them suggested to smoke their father's.So they took two cigarettes from their father's pocket.They were afraid that their father would find them smoking.Theywent out and hid in the garage.They rapidly lit the cigarettes.Because they couldn't use the right way to smoke ,they began coughing.Just then,their father suddenly saw the smoke from the garage and felt very surprised.He rushed down from the unpstairs.He opened the door of the garage and smiled when he saw his two sons in the garage.He offered them two cigars but didn't teach them how to smoke rightly.The boys didn't refused to accept them and smoked so thatthey both felt very sick again.(153 words)Lesson79 Composition answerA plane took off. There are many passengers on board. Passenger threw a lighted cigarette into an air vent. Unfortunately he thought the air vent was an ash tray. It caused a fire. Soon someone found the smoke from the air vent and saw the fire. This message caused the passengers into a panic. The flight attendant came out to tell the passengers to keep calm until the plane safely returned to the airport. At once the plane turned around and started to flyback to the airport.The fire engines and ambulance had arrived at the airport and were waiting there. After the plane fell on the ground, it was searched thoroughly and no one was hurt. The fireman rushed into the plane and the fire soon was put out successfully. Five hours later the plane took off again.(150 words)Lesson80 Composition answerI made a visit to a modern exhibition last Sunday. It was a new car exhibition. When I was on the way to the exhibition, I was lost and forget the right road, so I found a policeman and asked him how I got there. The policeman told me the right road. When I got there the car exhibition had begun and it attracted large crowds here and there.My first impressions of the exhibition were very good. There were many cars ranking in the exhibition hall and forty beautiful girls standing near the cars. It was a modern, popular car exhibition. The exhibits that I liked best were those beautiful girls. They let me feel comfortable and happy. The exhibition enlarged my horizon. After the Exhibition, i went home and was very tired at the end of the day.(154 words)。

构词法

构词法

3)3)Dis- + v.Eg. Dislike, discover, dishonest a.4)4)Re- + v.Eg. Reopen, retell, rewrite, rebuild, remarry5)5)In-(im-, il-) + a.Eg. Indirect, infinite, incapable, invisible, independent; impossible, impolite, impatient; illegal, 6)6)Mis- + v.Eg. Mislead, misunderstand, misuse, misinform, misprint7)7)Non- + n.Eg. Nonhuman, nonstop, nonprofit, nonsmoker, nonpayment●●常见后缀:(suffix)1)1)动词→名词Eg. Assign→assignment, manage, pay, move, equip, judge, improve, achieve, treat,Eg. Concentrate→concentration, direct, invent, promote, dictate, translate, create;organize, foundation, specialize,Eg. appear→appearance, guide, accept, perform; transfer→transference, refer, exist, occur, differ, dependEg. teach→teaching, feel, mean, draw, train, learn, save, surroundEg. pre ss→pressure, fail, please,Eg. marry→marriage, store, pass, post, bag,Eg. arrive→arrival, refusal2)2)名词→动词Eg. wood→wooden, wool, gold,3)3)动词→形容词Eg. Attract→attractive, act, relate, protect, progress, create,Eg. rely→reliable, suit, move, work, count, change, accept, responsible,Eg. interest→interested, tired, amusedEg. astonish→astonishing, exciting, interesting4)4)形容词→动词Eg. Special→specialize, real, modern, popular, industrial, globalEg. Widen, shorten5)5)形容词→名词Eg. real→reality, productive, complex, probable, stable, pure,Eg. ill→illness, kind, weak, helpless, thoughtful, careless, creative,Eg. true→truth, warm, width, death, length, strengthEg. patient→patience, efficient→efficiency, significance,confident,different, accurate(cy) 6)6)名词→形容词Eg. Tradition→traditional, nation, person, center, culture, nature, practice, act,Eg. care→careful, beautiful, useful, helpful, faith, fruit, handEg. cloud→cloudy, sun, rain, wind, thirst, hunger, anger, health, wealth,worthEg. week→weekly, day, month, love, cost, friend,Eg. fool→foolish, self, childEg. man→manlike, womanlike, homelikeEg. base→basic, period, history, economy, hero,Eg. fame→famous, nervous, dangerous, poisonous,7)7)形容词→副词Eg. Elderly, unlimitedly, particularly, independently,surely,luckily, usually,really,carefully 8)8)其他-ship. Citizenship, hardship, friendship, relationship, leadership, membership, scholarship,-less. Fearless, careless,-ist. future→futurist, typist, novelist, violinist, c ommunist, receptionist-ian. music→musician, electrician, Christian, Egyptian-ee. Employee, interviewee,-er, -or. Employer, interviewer, writer, teacher, waiter, actor, tractor,-ess. Actress, hostess, waitress,●●按结构来分,可分为简单句、并列句、和(主从)复合句。

一些常见的音乐概念

一些常见的音乐概念

一些常见的音乐概念作曲(composition、compose):1、完整的音乐创作过程。

2、创作音乐的行为。

编曲(arrangement):1、改编,利用与原作不同的手法或表演手段,将一首音乐作品,或作品的一部分加以改写的创作;也指改编的作品版本。

2、编配,音乐表现形式的创作过程。

3、现代编曲的概念是一种与MIDI音乐制作相结合的作曲方式。

谱曲:为词配上曲调。

类似于歌曲写作(song writing)。

旋律(melody):通常指一个具有音高组织和节奏律动的序列。

曲调(tune):歌曲的旋律,无歌词的歌唱性旋律。

曲:1、音乐(music)2、一般只有谈论歌曲(song)时,曲会有曲调(tune)的意思。

古典音乐:1、西方传统音乐(classical music),历史范畴而言,指的是中世纪至印象主义之间,在欧洲主流文化背景下创作的音乐。

主要特征:调式运用主要为大小调体系、和声强调功能性、相对严谨的作曲手法与曲式结构、音色的选用一般为原声音色、作曲时严格按照乐器的乐器法、演奏法、发声原理进行创作等等…… 2、古典主义时期的西方传统音乐。

3、中国传统音乐,一般指雅乐。

4、指带有古典音乐风格流派的音乐作品。

现代音乐(modernist music):1、音乐领域中一般指现代主义音乐,历史范畴而言,指的是19世纪末印象主义以后,20世纪中非传统作曲技法,非功能和声体系作为理论支撑的,用新的作曲手法、音乐理论、音乐语言创作的音乐。

主要特征:调式不限于大小调体系或人工音阶而产生的人工调式、和声的运用不限于功能或无功能、调性感模糊、多调性、泛调性、无调性、作曲手法与曲式结构严谨自由并置、音色选用没有局限性、除电子音乐外,运用物理乐器时严格按照乐器的乐器法、演奏法、发声原理进行创作等等…… 2、指带有现代音乐风格流派的音乐作品。

流行音乐(popular music):2、历史范畴而言,指的是19世纪末20世纪初以美国黑人的Blues音乐为基础,最初以商业为目的,发展至今有着众多风格及多方面融合的调性音乐。

CET4Composition

CET4Composition

Composition Two
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Social Practice of College Students. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
3. No one can deny the fact that (4). You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5). It will exert a profound influence upon (6). With reference to my point, I think (7).
1)各大学在假期都会组织学生参加各种社会实践 活动 2)这些活动给大学生带来了哪些好处 3)参加社会实践活动应该注意些什么
思路点拨
本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出 一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析这种现象带 来的好处,提纲第3点要求指出注意事项, 由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。
根据所给提纲,本文应包含如下内容:概 述大学生社会实践活动及其主要内容;分 析社会实践活动给大学生带来的好处;指 出大学生参加社会实践时应该注意些什么。
Online Games —para.3
From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. But if you have enough selfcontrol over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them。 (176)

English Composition5篇

English Composition5篇

English Composition 一.Phenomenon1. The Role of Migrant Workers2. Waste on Campus二.Practical writingA Letter of Suggestion三.ChartIncome Sources of American and Chinese Students 四.SayingThe Value of TimeThe Role of Migrant WorkersThere is a widespread concern over the issue that the role of migrant workers. It is well known that migrant workers are particular group exist in cities. However, the attitude concerning this group varies from person to person.A majority of people think that migrant workers have made great contributions to the development of cities. They are an needful part of our worker force. Most of them work on the construction sites. Without them, lot of construction projects would not be held up. In addition, their consumption of daily life could help develop food and service industry in cities.However, every coin has two sides. There are still some people to oppose migrant workers in cities. Because most of them are not well educated, professional trained and even without schooling. So those people usually ignorant of the law and tend to make trouble, thus endanger our social order. Therefore, they are a potential menace to the peace and stability of society.In my opinion, when assess migrant workers, we shouldn’t look at only one aspect. It’s important to appreciate the great contributions made by them, at the same time, pay more attention to the problems caused by them.Waste on CampusWith the development of the Chinese economy, today’s college students have more money at their disposal that those a decade ago. But waste on campus has become a serious problem which deserves our attention.Waste is quite a common on campus: lights are left on for hours when there is nobody in the room. In the dining hall garbage buckets are filled with rice and dishes. Clothes and shoes are thrown away, simply because they are no longer fashionable. Large amount of money is spent on luxury items and famous brand clothes. To make matters worse, they are not ashamed of their waste.It’s plain fact that we should take some measures to stop such kind of wastes. On the one hand, parents should be stricter with their children’s demands. On the other hand, students ought to be encouraged to lead a plain way of life. They may take up some part-time jobs, thus experiencing the toils of leading a life. Only in this way, the waste on campus can be reduced to minimum. It’s high time for us to treasure resources and create saving atmosphere.A Letter of SuggestionDear Manager,As a staff of Sales Department, I’m very glad to see the rapid development of our hotel. With the coming of New Year, I venture to write this letter to you to present my suggestion on the further improvement of our hotel---to establish a special website of our hotel.Honestly speaking, with the development of Internet, more and more people are willing to know the outside world through the information on Internet. Thus more clients could have interest in our special website to know latest promotion at home whenever they want. So, if we could introduce reservation system on our page, clients may contact us and make reservation directly. Finally, hotel promotion on Internet could reduce our operation cost greatly.All in all, there is still much room for improvement and it’s time to take some urgent measures to solve this position. I believe that the one who could make good use of Internet effectively will be the winner tomorrow. We will get a lot and have a brilliant future.Thanks for your attention.Faithfully yoursLi Ming Income Sources of American and Chinese Students According to the investigation into the income sources of college students, the income of American and Chinese students comes from almost the same channels:parents, part-time job and scholarship. However, the percentage of each is quite different. Half of the American students’income is from their parents and 15% is from the scholarships granted by colleges. Chinese students, on the contrary, get 90% of their income from their parents.As far as I’m concerned, the phenomenon plays a major part in those college students. American students are taught to be independent from childhood while Chinese parents take so much good care of their children. Therefore, American students think natural to live on them own. Besides, Chinese students have fewer opportunities to find part-time jobs.Whereas, the phenomenon could not very well, more and more Chinese students are seeking part-time jobs nowadays. They are eager to acquire some social skills and earn extra money which can make them less dependent on their parents. I firmly trust that if they keep independent, they will gain a meaningful life in the future.The Value of TimeThe old proverb--- Time is money--- reminds us that every moment well spent may bring us money. If our time is usefully employed, it will add to our experience and increase our ability so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is transformable into money.All time is precious, particularly, childhood and youth. They are rarer than any other part of our existence. As we grow older, our power of acquisition gets lagging, and something should be done in that period will never be acquired at all.What’s more, a proper employment of time is great benefit to us from a moral point of view. Idleness is justly said to be the rust of the mind and an idle brain is said to be Satan’s workshop. It’s mostly when you do not know what to do with yourself that you do something ill or wrong.In my opinion, every moment you lose is a lot of character and advantage lost. It’s high time for us to apply this saying to our daily life and treasure time recently.。

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3)Attention, please!I’ve something to tell you. Professor Jackson—an English disabled person will come to our school to give us a lecture from 2 to 4 o’clock on the afternoon of April 25 in Room 302, the No. 3 teaching building. His lecture is about how he smoothed away all sorts of difficulties he had met. When he was eight years old, he lost his left leg and right arm in an accident. He struggled in his life and managed to look after himself. He also achieved great success in his work.After the lecture we will have a discussion in groups on how to encourage disabled people, how to help them and how to learn from Professor Jackson.Thank you.4)Of all the teachers, Mr Moore is the one who impresses me most. Though he is 34, he looks very young for his age. And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.Compared with other teachers, Mr Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching. He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting. In his opinion, we should not only know “what”, but also understand “why”. So, instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions. With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems. What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to!He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.5)Welcome to our school.I feel it an honour to have the chance to tell you something about our school class. We have one hour activities from 4:20 to 5:20 in the afternoon. Some students read books in the reading room; some have sports on the playground; some sing songs in the theater; some learn to operate computers in the lab and others take part in their group work about different subjects. The majority are most interested in sports and computers.We hope that we can have less homework and moretime to join the activities. We are also looking forward to more visits and tour trips.Thank you.6)Dear editor,In some places in our country the surroundings is worsening with the air filled with heavy smoke, many mountains turning deserted and rivers polluted. Waste is scattered here and there.So I strongly suggest that the government take effective measures to stop this.First more laws should be passed to protect the surroundings. Factories are forbidden to send out smoke and poisonous gas into the sir. Every year, more trees should be planted on the mountains. No one is allowed to cut down any trees or pur waste water into rivers. Anyone who breaks the laws should be punished accordingly. Secondly the public should be clear that it is a shame to throw rubbish around. All people should form good habits to protect the surroundings.Only when the whole society takes action will the sky become blue, mountains green and rivers clear. Thus our home will become more beautiful.Yours truly,Li Hua 7)Dear editor,Recently, we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities.Some students think it’s a good idea to keep pets because many old people who live alone at home can get some comforts from pets. Besides, getting along with animals will make our life interesting.On the contrary, the other students are against the idea. In their opinion, if too many people keep pets at home, it’s bad for the environment. What is worse, pets may make too much noise and even attack people.I like animals, so I don’t think it’s bad to keep pets at home. But we must take some measures to prevent them from polluting the environment.8)Sunday, March 25 FineToday our class went out to do some cleaning. We gathered at the school gate and started out early in the morning. Some collecetd rubbish in the park, some cleared the ole posters off the walls and others swept the street. We hoped to make our city more beautiful with our own hands. At the same time some of us went to the public places, where there were a lot of people. We kept on telling people bot to destroy the beauty of nature so that we can have a clearer world.Some people have no aware of the importance of protecting the environment at present. They often make our surroundings dirty and ugly. I think such activities are necessary and instructive.9)Ladies and gentlemen,Now I’d like to tell you about some arrangements of our trip.Here we are at the foot of Mount Tai. Mount Tai is one of the most beautiful places in China. It also has many wonders. We will spend eight hours on the mountain. It’s 8:30 a.m. now. We will leave here at about 4:30 p.m. The bus will bewaiting for us at the entrance. Please remember our bus number and be back on time. Please take your valuables and shut all the windows before you get off the bus. Have a good time. Thank you.10)Dear Sir or Madame,I’m glad to be invited to the English summer camp.I prefer to go in July because I’ll have to prepare myself for the new school term in Auguast. It seems all the activities you offer are attractive and meaningful. But I’d like to attend the English lecture, from which I can get more information on British and American culture. With the coming of the 2008 Olympic Games, more and more foreigners are eager to know about China. So I hope to teach foreigners Chinese and spread Chinese culture.It’s better a dream for me to visit Beijing. Could you organize a tour around the city during the camp?Thank you very much.Yours truly,Li Ping11)Dear cousin,I am writing to you to introduce my neighbour, who is also my friend, to you. His name is Zhang Da, a Party member. He had studied advertisement design in Anhui University for four years, and last July he graduated from the university with good achievements in his study. He wanted to find a job in a company. Zhang is 1.82 meters high, aged 23, and is unmarried. He is good at many things especially drawing, typing and driving. H eplays table tennis well. He works hard and carefully with the spirit of making innovation. So I think you need such a person. Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua12)A terrible earthquake happened in Wenchuan on May 12. Many buildings and houses were destroyed and thousands of people died. The students in Class 1, Grade 2 wondered what they should do for people in trouble. So they discussed it with their deep love in the class meeting. As a result, everyone decided to raise their pocket money. And also some of them will buy school bags, books and pencils for the children in Sichuan so that they can return to school. What’s more, all of them will make a card by hand to encourage them to rebuild their homes.13)Why do we go to university?These days all my classmates are talking about why we go to university. Different people have different views on it.Some of us senior middle students have many beautiful drewams, believing that attending university means realizing our beautiful dreams and it is ideal for us to study at university. What’s more, going to university enables us to get better jobs and higer positions as well as higher salaries after we graduate. However, life at universities and jobs we get after graduation often make us feel greatly disappointed.In my opinion, the university is a place which provides good opportunities and essential conditions for those who are eager to acquire extensive and profound knowledge, as well as broaden their horizons so that they could make great contributions to society in the future.14)Dear Tom,How time flies! It is a week since I received your letter. How nice to hear from you again. Now let me tell you something about the beautiful work on Beijing for beautifying the city for 2008 Olympic Games. Our slogan is “Green Olympics”. 18 billion dollars will be spent on this project. A lot of trees, flowers and grass will be planted in many places in order to make Beijing more beautiful. In addition, we will use clean energy and try our best to make waste water clean and to reuse it. In 2008, when you come to Beijing, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and bluer sky.I am looking forward to meeting you in Beijing in 2008.Yours,Wang Ming15)Saturday, May 4, 2008 CloudyLi Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.Early in the morning, we set out. Li Ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack, and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food and clothing.One the way to campsite, we climbed a hill, and then swam across a river, pushing the backpack on a large piece of wood we had found by the river.By the time we arrived at the campsite, it had already been dark. Li Ming thenput up the tent and I made a fire and started cooking.The two of us spent the night in the forest.We learned to use knowledge gained in classroom training to solve problems. It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. 16)Welcome to the Shengyang Zoo!The Shangyang Zoo is one of the largest zoos in China. There are hundreds of kinds of animals in it. We can see dozens of yellow, green, orange and brown birds, which can sing nice songs. We can also see big and little monkeys running and jumping very actively just like naughty children. The elephants, each with a long trunk and big ears, are very kind to people. China is the home of pandas, which are rare animals in the world. They always interest the visitors very much. They are polite and friendly to all the visitors. We’ll certainly have a good time here.17)Dear friends,I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown. Faced with such a rarely-seen disaster, you remain so calm and strong-willed that we are all moved to tears. A friend in need is a friend in deed. Thinking about your present situation, we can not wait a minute to make every bit of our effort to help you. I, as the chairman of students union, on behalf of all my schoolmates, express our most sincere pity and care for you. Besides, we make a donation of 120 thousand yuan to you, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty. A better hometown can be rebuilt. Therefore, never give up whatever happens. Remember, we won’t be far away when you need any help!18)Professor Wang Dong was born in Nanjing, in February, 1938. He graduated from Beijing University in 1958, and then went to England to go on with his education. He received a doctor’s degree at Oxford University in 1961. Since he returned home in 1962, he has been working at the physics Department of Nanjing University. He lives a simple life, but he is strict in his work. He devotes himself to the research of physics and a number of his achievemnets are spoken highly of by the Party and the government.19)To study hard is a student’s own job. However, it must be based on good health.As a senior high student, I used to be encouraged in study almost the whole day and took part in few activities. But everything went contrary to my wishes. I gainted neither good marks in study nor good health.My experience served a lesson to me and I came to realise that good health is the foundation of success. Now, I spare some time to physical exercise every day. AS a result, I’m making greater nd greater progress in both study and health. Let’s be sound in body and mind.20)Monday, September 1, 2007 Sunny Today is the first day of the new school term. I was asked to help out new foreign teacher, Park, a handsome American, to get to know about the school life. In the morning, I showed Park around, guiding him to the classroom building, library and other places, which impressed him a lot. At noon, I invited him to eat at our school canteened over lunch about his inetrets and the use of Chinese chopsticks. Knowing that he is crazy about playing basketball, I suggested he play with my classmates. During the sports time in the afternoon, Park’s wonderful skills made him an eye-catching player on the court. I guess he must have had a good time. So did I. Today is my first time that I have communicated with a foreigner, which made me more confident in English learning. Therefore, I think everyone can learn English well if they think they can.21)Dear editor,I am writing to tell you about my classmates’opinions about a TV program—Super Girl. About 80 percent of the students who have watched or heard of the program do support it. In their opinion, the program is not only unique but creative as well.The program provides a stage for those people who want to demonstrate their talents. And this can help them gain more confidence than ever.However, other students think that the program misleads the young to some degree, which does more harm than good to them. Some youg people may feel that success comes from luck but not hard work. Besides, it is misynderstood that personality just means different behavior and appearance from others.Although I am for such a program, it should not go so far as to affect young people’s normal life and learning.Best wishes. Looking forward to your opinion.Y ours truly,Li Ming.。

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