系动词补充 知识+练习

系动词知识+练习
第一部分知识
连系动词也称系动词（Link Verb），它本身具有实在意义，但不能单独作谓语，后边必须加上表语共同构成复合谓语。

连系动词与其后面的表语合起来叫作系表结构。

系表结构主要是为了说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

一、表示状态的系动词
用来说明主语的状态，只有一个be，但be在不同的人称和时态中有不同的形式，有am、are、is、was 和were ，后接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、副词和介词短语等作表语。

例如:
The man is a science teacher.
Mary's new dresses were colorful.
二、表示持续性的系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand、continue 和rest等，例如:
Please keep quiet.
Several problems remain to be solved.
I hope the weather will stay fine.
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.
Mr. Black stands high in the public estimation.
The weather continues cold.
My grandfather will never rest idle.
三、表“像”系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem、appear和look，例如：
She seems very happy with the new job.
He appeared to be talking to himself.
She looks happy.
四、感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel、smell、sound、taste等，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态，其意思分别为“摸/闻/听/尝起来……”。

这几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。

例如：
The tomatoes feel very soft.
These flowers smell very sweet.
The music sounds very pleasing to the ear.
The meat tastes delicious.
五、表示变化的系动词
这些系动词表示主语变化成什么样，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come 和run等，这些词后面大多数接形容词作表语，但become,turn,sound,remain,seem亦可接名词作表语，只是turn 若跟名词则不加冠词。

例如：
She became a famous writer.
His cold is growing worse.
In autumn the leaves turn yellow.
They first met at university and later fell in love.
It's getting cold.
The milk went sour.
My shoe came loose.
The river was beginning to run dry.
He turns doctor. = He becomes a doctor.
六、表终止的系动词
表示主语发出的动作已经终止，主要有prove和turn out，表达“证实”和“变成”之意。

例如：
My advice proved( to be) wrong.
He proved a competent manager.
The party turned out (to be )very successful.
The rookie turned out (to be) the best hitter on the team.
七、学习系动词的注意事项
1.特别要注意“be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与其所构成的被动语态的区别。

前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语，如：The door was closed. 后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。

如：The door was closed by me.
还要注意由“be+ V-ing”所构成的系表结构与其所构成的进行时态的区别。

前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。

如：My job is teaching English. 后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。

如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.
2.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词的用法。

有些系动词也是实意动词，该动词表达实义时，有具体词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday.
He fell off the ladder.
The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.
The chef is tasting the fish carefully.
3.系动词除了接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、副词和介词短语等以外，还可接以下几种表语形式：
①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look（看起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得）；appear（显得），seem（似乎）等。

例如：He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.
It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.
She felt as if her head were splitting.
The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem和appear, 不可用be、look。

如：
It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.
It appeared that he was talking to himself.
③能用不定式作表语的系动词有be、seem、get、look、appear、prove、grow等。

Her job is to look after the children.
He seems not to go with us.
She looks to be a young girl of twenty.
He didn’t appear to dislike it.
My advice proved to be wrong.
He will grow to like this work gradually.
④能与there连用的系动词有：be、appear和seem. 如:
There appeared to be only one room.
There seems(to be)no need to go.
⑤能接介词短语的有：feel, look, sound, taste, remain
It sounds like a train going under my room.
The concert remains in my memory.
4.系动词一般不用进行时。

5.系动词无被动语态。

第二部分练习
说明：正确率如果有了80%，就不用做后面的练习了。

练习一（有答案，有解释）
1. —What is Mr Wang like? —____.
A. He is a teacher
B. He is old and kind
C. He looks like a balloon
D. He likes English
2. What Mr White said sounds____.
A. friendly
B. wonderfully
C. pleasantly
D. nicely
3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three.
A. turned
B. goes
C. became
D. went
4. When he was a child he____ .
A. grew patience
B. was alive
C. ran wild
D. came true
5. His voice____ as if he has a cold.
A. sounds
B. listens
C. hears
D. seems
6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton.
A. is
B. looks
C. feels
D. seems
7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month
A. that
B. as if
C. when
D. so far
8. It ____that he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems
9. These apples taste_____. A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good
10. —Do you like the shirt? —Yes, it ____ very soft.
A. feels
B. felt
C. is feeling
D. is felt
11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep
A. kept
B. got
C. fell
D. fall
12. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark.
A. going
B. getting
C. running
D. coming
13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one.
A. proved
B. was proved
C. is proving
D. proving
14. The flowers in the garden ____ sweet.
A. sound
B. taste
C. become
D. smell
15. She____ like her mother in character.
A. looks
B. seems
C. is
D. feels
16. It____ another fine day tomorrow.
A. seems
B. promises
C. appears
D. looks
17. He ____ much younger than he really is.
A. appears
B. grows
C. becomes
D. turns
18. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick?
A. looked
B. are looking
C. looking
D. are looked
19. His wish to become a driver has ____true.
A. turned
B. realized
C. come
D. grown
20. Her father ____a writer.
A. turned
B. grew
C. has turned
D. has become
答案与分析
1. B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语，答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。

2. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接形容词作表语，答案B、C、D均为副词。

3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时，用系动词go表示。

4. C run wild是固定搭配，表示“放荡不羁”。

5. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接as if 引导的表语从句，表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。

6. C feel作系动词用时，表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。

7. B as if引导表语从句时，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，从句谓语用过去完成式。

8. D “It seems that…”表示“看起来……”。

是固定句型，强调根据一定的事实所得出的
一种接近于实际情况的判断。

9. D taste表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。

10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时，是系动词，用于一般现在时。

11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。

12. B get表示“逐渐……起来”、“开始……起来”时，是系动词，多用于进行时。

13. A prove表示“证明是”时，是系动词。

14. D smell表示“有……的气味”、“散发气味”时，是系动词，后面接形容词。

15. C belike表示“看起来像”时，既可指外貌，又可指品质和特征，侧重于特征。

16. B promise表示“有……的可能”、“给人以……的指望”时，是系动词，后面接名词作表语。

17. A appear表示“看起来”时，是系动词。

侧重于在外表给人某种印象，常为“假象”。

18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，用进行时态，常带有感情色彩。

19. C come true是固定搭配，表示“实现”，其中come是系动词，表示“成为”、“变得”。

20. D become表示“变成”，作系动词用，在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。

turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。

练习二（有答案、有解释）
1. _______ everyone here today?
A. Be
B. Are
C. Is
D. Am
2. Harry is older than I. But he _______ younger than I.
A. look
B. looks
C. looked
D. looking
3. It _______ like the singing of the birds.
A. sounds
B. looks
C. smells
D. tastes
4. This kind of cake tastes _______.
A. good
B. well
C. to be good
D. to be well
5. The children all looked _______ at the broken model plane and felt quite _______.
A. sad, sad
B. sadly, sadly
C. sad, sadly
D. sadly, sad
6. This kind of paper _______ nice.
A. feel
B. felt
C. is feeling
D. feels
7. This math problem is _______ and I can do it _______.
A. easy, easily
B. easily, easily
C. easy, easy
D. easily, easy
8. Coffee is ready. How nice it _______! Would you like some?
A. looks
B. smells
C. sounds
D. feels
9. In winter the days _______ colder and colder.
A. gets
B. getting
C. got
D. get
10. He _______ pale at the thought.
A. got
B. looked
C. turned
D. seemed
【答案详解】
1. C。

当复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

2. B。

根据句意和前句时态，后句应用一般现在时。

3. A。

根据语境，只有sounds(听起来)符合题意。

looks意为“看起来”，smells意为“闻起来”，tastes 意为“尝起来”。

4. A。

连系动词taste后应接形容词作表语。

5. D。

根据句意，句中的look at是行为动词，所以修饰此动词时应用副词；在连系动词feel 后应用形容词作表语。

6. D。

当this kind of…作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

7. A。

连系动词is后接形容词。

根据句意，修饰行为动词do用副词。

8. B。

根据语境和首句(Coffee is ready)，此处用smell才符合题意。

9. D。

根据常识我们知道冬季天气寒冷，故用一般现在时。

10. C。

根据语境只能使用turned，句意为“一想到这儿，他的脸就发白了”。

练习三（有答案无解释）
1. The drug __________ (to be) highly effective.
A. turned
B. became
C. proved
D. smelled
2. How sweet the music __________!
A. sounds
B. looks
C. remains
D. is
3. The big soldier __________ there except for his slightly moving lips.
A. kept calm
B. stood still
C. was quiet
D. lay silent
4. This afternoon will be cloudy, _____ clear.
A. feeling
B. tasting
C. falling
D. turning
5. The actress is thirty-five years old, but she ___ a lot younger.
A. looks
B. appears
C. seems
D. feels
6. He ____ pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.
A. looked
B. appeared
C. seemed
D. was looked
7. His dream to be admitted into Beijing University has ______ true at last.
A. become
B. turned
C. grown
D. come
8. The silk made in Suzhou ___ smooth and soft.
A. is felt
B. is touched
C. feels
D. is feeling
9. Things _____ to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.
A. turned out
B. turned
C. were proved
D. showed
10. Holding the note in his hand，Adam _____ there dumbfounded．
A. remained
B. stayed
C, kept D. stood
11. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the party.
A. get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to change
12. -- I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
-- _________ good.
A. Sound
B. Sounded
C. Sounding
D. Sounds
13. It remains ________ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. to see
14. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted if it had been put in the fridge for
a little while.
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. well
15. Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat
B. to be seated
C. seating
D. seated
练习三答案：1-5 CABDB 6-10 ADCAD 11-15 ADBBD
练习四（有答案无解释）
1. The story sounds___________.
A. to be true
B. as true
C. being true
D. true
2. Those oranges taste __________.
A. good
B. well
C. to be good
D. to be well
3. –Are you feeling____________.
--Yes. I'm fine now.
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
4. –Do you like the material?
--Yes it __________ very well.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt
5. –You don't look very__________. Are you ill?
--No I'm just a bit tired.
A. good
B. well
C. strong
D. healthy
6. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
7. –How long ___each other before they ____ married？
--For about a year.
A. have they known, get
B. did they know were going to, get
C. do they know are going to, get
D. had they known, got
8. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ___ by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
9. As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
10. –How are the team playing?
--They are playing well but one of them _____hurt.
A. got
B. gets
C. are
D. were
1-10 DABCBDDCAA
练习五（有答案无解释）
Ex.
1. Don’t worry, sir. I’m sure I can run _________ to catch up with them.
A. slowly enough
B. enough slowly
C. fast enough
D. enough fast
2. Of the two Australian students, Masha is ________ one. I think you can find her easily.
A, tallest B, the taller C. taller D. the tallest
3. It’s such an ________ film that all the students are ______ in it.
A. interesting; interested
B. interested; interesting
C. interesting; interesting
D. interested; interested;
4. Mingming got up very _______,so he came to school half an hour ______.
A. late; lately
B. lately; late
C. lately; lately
D. late; late
5. I a m ________ worried about y parents’ healthy conditions.
A. some times
B. sometime
C. sometimes
D. some times
6. We don’t have ________ every day.
A. a lot of school works
B. many school work
C. any school works
D. much school work
7. –Look! How fast the two horses are running!
--Oh, yes! They are nearly _______.
A. up and down
B. slower and slower
C. more or less
D. neck and neck
8. ______ children there are in family,_______ their life will be.
A. The less; the better
B. The fewer; the better
C. Fewer; richer
D. More; poorer
9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ________.
A. more and more rich
B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer
D. richer and richest
10. Which lesson is _______, this one or that one?
A. difficult
B. much difficult
C. more difficult
D. the most difficult
11. “A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m.” said the policeman _______.
A. serious, serious
B. seriously, seriously
C. seriously, serious
D. serious, seriously
12. ________ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?
A. How long
B. How often
C. How far
D. How much
13. In our city, it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
A. hotter; hottest
B. hot; hot
C. hotter; hot
D. hot; hotter
14. This pencil is ______ that one.
A. so long as
B. as longer as
C. longer than
D. not as longest as
15. The station is two kilometers _______ the hospital.
A. away to
B. far away
C. far from
D. away from
16. Beijing has ______ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.
A. so
B. very
C. too
D. much
17. This box is ______ heavy ________ I can’t carry it.
A. too, to
B. so, that
C. very, that
D. too, that
18. India has the second _______ population in the world.
A. larger
B. most
C. smallest
D. largest
19. Mary received ________ many postcards at Christmas.
A. so
B. such
C. too
D. even
20. The cake smells ______. Please throw it away.
A. good
B. badly
C. bad
D. well
参考答案
1-5 CBADC 6-10 DDBCC 11-15 DCDCD 16-20 ABDAC。