高三英语语法复习讲座---非谓语动词
高考英语总复习--非谓语动词含解析
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高考英语总复习--非谓语动词含解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A.thinking of B.to think of C.thought of D.think of【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意:当Peter在公众场合说话的时候,他总是很难想到合适的说话的内容。
have trouble(in) doing sth 做某事有困难。
故选A项。
2.Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A.make B.turnC.get D.grow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
make表示“发展成为(=develop into)”,是及物动词;turn表示“变成,成为”是不及物动词;get“变成,做成”是不及物动词;grow表示“生长,成长”。
根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。
”及句式结构可知,此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意,make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。
故最佳答案应为A项。
3.Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, _________ university graduates to start their own business.A.encouraging B.to encourageC.having encouraged D.encouraged【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词结构作非限定的后置定语,修饰先行词演说(“a speech”)。
动词鼓励(“encourage”)与先行词构成主动关系,且为进行动作,因此用现在分词进行形式。
高考英语语法考点复习课件-非谓语动词(强力推荐)
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qualification for the job.
Jack's suddenly disappearing made them worried.
熟 读 深思 2. 不定式、动名词和分词作表语
(1) What I would suggest is to start work at once.
(2) His hobby is collecting stamps.
熟 读 深思 1. 不定式和动名词作主语 It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
Climbing mountains is interesting.
is no use/good crying. 规则 1:动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作, 而不定
式作主语表示具体动作。
动词不定 动名词 现在分词 过去分 doing doing 式 to do 词 done to do doing doing done to be done being being 无 done(被 done(正在 ……) 被……) 形 having having 主动完成式 to have 无 式 done done done having having 被动完成式 to have 无 been done been been done done 否定式 在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not
归 纳 总结
规则4:get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词 后都可跟 done ,表示被动或主语的状态 。如 remain seated/hidden, get paid/dressed/changed /stuck/hurt/injured/burnt等。19,97 What the workers have been told is that they get paid by the hour. 常用be done+介词短语表示所处的状态,如下: be addicted to…沉迷于……/ be absorbed in…全神贯注 于…… be aimed at…旨在/意图…… be armed with…有……装备 be buried in…埋葬在……
高考英语非谓语动词高三语法复习---非谓语动词--经典学案讲义
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高考英语非谓语动词高三语法复习---非谓语动词经典学案讲义高三语法复习---非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式,动名词和分词。
它们是高中所学的基础语法,也是高考必考内容。
既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。
真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:①具有句子结构的知识,会分析句子成分。
④具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析复合句和长难句五种句型:1. 主+ 系+ 表We are students.2. 主语+动词(不及物)We work.3. 主语+动词(及物)+宾语He plays the piano.4.主语+动词(及物)+直接宾语+间接宾语She gave me a pen.5. 主语+动词(及物)+宾语+宾语补足语He made the boy laugh. We call him Jack We elected him chairman.(有些动词后面只能用Ving 做宾语,有些只能用不定式做宾语,有些两者皆可。
必须弄清以下常考词的搭配、意义及区别)A:不定式做宾语练习(解题技巧:记忆动词搭配, 做题事半功倍):1 To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem _____ all the time.A. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worse2 I don't know whether you happen ______ it , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ______ everything.A.to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen5 When his father came back, the boy pretended ________his homework.A doingB to doC to doingD to be doingB 动名词做宾语练习:1 . I am busy _____ for the entrance examination, so I can’t help _____ housework at home.A. preparing; doingB. preparing; to doC. to prepare; doingD. to prepare; to do2 Whatever trouble Mr. White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A. dealB. to dealC. dealtD. dealing3 The woman found it no good _____ her daughter too much money.A. givingB. being givenC. givenD. gave4 Rather than ___ on a crowded bus ,he always perfers ___ a bicycle.A ride ;rideB riding ; rideC ride ; to rideD to ride ; riding5 Tony was very unhappy for ______ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited6 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.A. correctB. correctingC. correctsD. to correct7 I really appreciate ______ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. have timeC. to have timeD. having time8 Sandy could do nothing but ______ teacher that he was wrong.A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit9 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up10 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ theirproducts more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having made)11 Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able12 The first thing that probably needs _____is to ask your mother’s advice.A to doB to be doneC being doneD be done13 I had no choice but ________.A do as you tell meB to do as you told meC to do what you’ll sayD doing as you say14 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A have been missingB have got lostC be missingD get lost15 They look forward with hope ________ a chance to receive further education.A of gettingB to getC to gettingD in getting宾语补足语的区别:练习:(解题技巧:记固定搭配,辩逻辑关系)A 固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清练习:1 Linda is thought to_____ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she’s working in.A. have workedB. workC. be workingD. be worked2 Robert is said _____ abroad ,but I don’t know what country he studied in.A to have studiedB to studyC to be studyingD to have been studying3 The flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused4 John Bell was generally considered ________ the first telephone.A inventingB to inventC having inventedD to have invented.B 弄清以下搭配及其意义1.感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面的宾补有3种形式(do/doing/done),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成,do表主动和完成(被动句中to 还原)。
人教版高三英语语法专题讲解--非谓语动词
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语法专项训练(九)——非谓语动词
He wept to hear the news.
听到那消息后他哭了. 表原因)
【注意】 作目的状语时, 不定式表
示的动作在谓语动作之后发生;作
原因状语时, 不定式表示的动作在谓
语动作之前发生.
语法专项训练(九)——非谓语动词
6.作补语 接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有:
语法专项训练(九)——非谓语动词
begin, start, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, intend, refuse等.
I wish to see you soon.
我希望能早日见到你.
(2)可用疑问代词或疑问副词what,
which, whom, where, when, how加不
advise, allow, permit, ask, beg,
persuade, want, order, encourage,
force, get, invite, expect, teach, wish,
warn等.
I’ll try to get her to see the doctor.
我会尽力让她去看医生.
语法专项训练(九)——非谓语动词
【注意】
感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定
式要省to, 但当句子为被动语态时, 则
不能省to. 这类词有: 一感(feel), 二听
(hear, listen to), 三让(let, have, make),
五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at).
语法专项训练(九)——非谓语动词
They knew her very well.They had
高中英语高考复习非谓语动词知识讲解
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高考英语非谓语动词知识讲解一、概念非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
从这个定义来看,简单来说,非谓语动词就是不是谓语的动词。
这听起来像是废话,但是我们必须有明确什么是谓语动词,在前面,我们已经说清楚了。
句子只能有一个谓语动词,那么其余的动词都是非谓语动词。
谓语动词就好比皇帝,非谓语动词,就相当于他身边的奴才。
这么一说,我们就很好理解了。
一般来说,非谓语动词通常有以下三种形式:二、三种形式(一)动名词(doing)动名词指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词(即非谓语动词)。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能充当状语。
从上面的定义中,我们可以很清楚知道动名词,顾名思义就是兼有动词和名词两种词性的作用。
在小学和中学的课程中,我们学习动名词做主语这个语法现象比较普遍。
大部分人也是从这个时候开始知道有动名词这个概念。
那么动名词究竟是动词,还是名词?前面已经说过,它是非谓语动词的一种形式,只不过他有动词和名词两种词性的作用。
故它是动词。
那么他竟然是动词自然有动词的性质,而且它可以充当名词有名词的作用,那么名词的作用,它也都有,它可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
也就是名词能干的事,它也能干。
(二)不定式(to do)动词不定式,为非谓语动词。
在英语语法中,动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。
它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词性变化所局限。
不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
根据国外和国内语法学家的研究,所谓不定式,其作用就是相当于情态动词加动词原形的形式。
为什么要这样说呢?因为他们都有相同的特征,以下:第一,原形can/may/could/would do sth.= to do sth.第二,都可表示不确定语气。
高考英语一轮复习语法讲解非谓语动词(二)
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三、过去分词的用法
• 1.过去分词作定语: • Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. • 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those
selected as committee members will attend the meeting. • 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 • 2.过去分词作表语: • The window is broken. 窗户破了。 • They were frightened at the sad sight. • 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
• 5.作同位语: • His habit,listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他
收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
• 6.作宾语补足语:如下动词后可跟现在分词 作宾语补足语:
• see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,obse rve,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。
• ⑤作结果状语: • He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.
他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。 • ⑥作目的状语: • He went swimming the other day. 几天前他
去游泳了。 • ⑦作让步状语: • Though raining heavily,it cleared up very
• The present situation is inspiring. • 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
• 3.作宾语:
高三英语一轮语法复习之非谓语动词写作指导讲义
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非谓语动词写作指导第一局部:非谓语动词在剧中所做成分一、非谓语动词作状语George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来,却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打,要求我尽快去他家。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.因为受伤较重,他得被立即送往医院。
二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里所看到的一切。
三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看,注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上,捕捉它的早餐。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。
I saw him go upstairs.我看到他上楼了。
四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris fbr over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waitingfor her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。
高考英语 第八章 非谓语动词知识精讲
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非谓语动词[知识精讲]非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的一个重点和难点之一。
主要的考察形式为单项选择,在历年各地高考题目中广泛出现。
高中阶段,我们学习的非谓语动词内容包括不定式、动名词和分词的用法以及非谓语动词的复合结构用法。
一、概念和基本知识:什么是非谓语动词?首先,我们要了解英语中基本的句子结构:主语→ 谓语→宾语(+补语)↑ ↑ ↑定语状语定语我们知道主语和宾语分别是一个动作的发出者和接受者,他们具有名词的性质(即使主语或宾语是一个短语或者从句,也可以把它整体看作一个名词。
这种思维方法很重要,相当于数学当中的整体思想)。
谓语表示一个动作或一种存在的状态,具有一般的动词的性质。
定语是对主语和宾语起修饰、限定作用的成分,往往具有形容词的性质。
状语是对谓语动词在时间、地点、方式、目的、程度等方面进行修饰的成分,一般具有副词的性质。
由上我们可以知道,一般来说,动词都是放在谓语的位置上的,但是在具体的语境之中,为了使意思表达连贯完整,我们往往要借用动词来充当句子当中的其它成分。
这个时候,我们的动词就不能够再以动词本身的面貌出现在句子中,而是通过变化变成了不定式、动名词和分词等等形式。
有了恰当的形式,这些动词就可以在句子当中充当除了谓语以外的其它成分。
这就是我们所说的非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的基本性质非谓语动词既然不出现在谓语的位置,那么他们在句子中也就不具有动词的性质,而是具有诸如名词、形容词和副词等等的词性。
一个完整的简单句子里面,只能有一套主谓宾的结构。
也就是说,如果一个句子里面已经有了一个谓语动词,就不可能再有另外的谓语动词出现了。
(以上不包括用but、and连接和从句的情况。
)注意:不定式和分词一般是与其它词连接形成短语之后才具有了形容词、副词的性质。
我们平常说的“××短语作定语”、“××短语作状语”指的就是这种情况。
例如:To marry her,he has to earn a lot of money.中“To marry her”这个短语作为一个整体来作目的状语。
(完整版)高中英语非谓语动词详解
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第二讲非谓语动词教学重点1,非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别;2,非谓语动词的各种形式和应用;3,非谓语动词的考点解析。
一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
如:Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。
(teaches是谓语动词。
)Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk不定式作状语)2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
如:Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用第三人称单数形式)Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。
(do用原形)二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其动能和形式如下:非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下:三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1 动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。
如:To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。
如:It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
英语语法专题讲座-非谓语动词 不定式表被动与独立主格
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• I don't want there to be any more trouble. 我不希望再产生麻烦。 • It's too late for there to be any taxis. 太晚 了,没有出租车了。
• We are in need of tutors to teach the children. (主谓关系) • He is a pleasant person to work with. • (动宾关系) • The boy had an impulse to jump over the fence(同位关系) • He gave me an hour to make my decision. • (动状关系)
五、动词不定式作定语
• 不定式可以放在名词和代词后面作定语。不定式 作定语与被修饰的中心名词之间常表现为主谓关 系、动宾关系、同位关系或动状关系。常见的这 部分名词有:ability,failure,refusal, agreement,intention,reluctance(勉强), ambition(志向),hope,resolution,anxiety, need,tendency(趋势),attempt,plan, threat,claim(声称),promise,willingness, decision,readiness(乐意),wish, determination(决心)等。例如: • We are in need of tutors to teach the children.
• it在think,find,consider等动词后可变成形 式宾语。例如: • I think it difficult to adapt myself to the new situation. • 我认为我很难适应新形势。
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解
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高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中,非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分,也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。
非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色,可以表达不同的意思和功能。
本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法,并通过实例进行分析和解释。
一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式,它们可以表达动词本身的含义,但没有主语和谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。
1、动词不定式:动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的,表示动词的不同形式,如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。
2、动名词:动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的,表示动词的现在分词形式,如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。
3、分词:分词是动词的过去分词形式,分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行,如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等;过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成,如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。
二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法:1、动词不定式:在句子中,动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“To learn English is important”(学习英语很重要)中,动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语;或者在“I want to go home”(我想回家)中,动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。
2、动名词:在句子中,动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“Playing sports is fun”(做运动很有趣)中,动名词“Playing sports”作为主语;或者在“I enjoy listening to music”(我喜欢听音乐)中,动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解8---非谓语动词(解析版)
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高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题八非谓语动词2.寻找逻辑主语寻找逻辑主语,,确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语,但仍具有动词的特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。
分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。
如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词形式。
如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词形式。
但是当含有被动意义时,如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则用动词不定式的被动式;如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行,则用现在分词形式的被动式。
[例2] The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return) to our shop for quality problems. [分析]returned句意:生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。
句中已有谓语动词comes,因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式;且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填returned。
3.分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间,即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。
非谓语动词的形式不同,所指时间的含义也不同。
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。
如to have done, having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前;to be doing, doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
[例3] (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.[分析]Having worked考生容易误认为在句首设题,应填to work表示目的。
高考英语语法专题复习:非谓语动词讲义(不定式、动名词
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高中英语语法专题复习03 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词)非谓语动词谓语动词在句子中有三种作用:1. 表示动作的时间,tense (时)2. 表示动作的状态,aspect (体)3. 表示动作的语气,mood (气)谓语动词的“时体气”,通过动词变位实现。
例如,The rabbit ate a carrot.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The rabbit has eaten a carrot.谓语动词在句子中受到主语的限制,随之出现了时态和人称的变化,成为一种被限定了的动词,所以也被称为限定性动词(finite verb)。
与之相对的,不受主语限制的动词,称为非限定性动词(non-finite verb),也就是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词不具备表达时态和人称的作用。
例如,I like to eat carrot.I liked eating carrot.The rabbit likes minced carrot.非谓语动词有四种形式:1. 不定式 infinitive2. 动名词 gerund3. 现在分词 present participle4. 过去分词 past participle谓语动词是简单句的核心动词,非谓语动词只可能出现在其他的句子成分中。
1. 主语例:Swimming makes us hale and hearty.2. 宾语例:Janet suddenly stopped talking.3. 表语/主语补语例:Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.4. 宾语补语例:I invited him to come here.5. 定语例:Don't disturb the sleeping dog.6. 状语例:He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.不定式、动名词句子的核心动词只能由谓语动词充当,而非谓语动词可以充当句子的其他成分。
高考英语考点精析复习讲义-非谓语动词
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第七讲非谓语动词典型例题近年来,高考试题中主要考查了v-ing 形式作原因状语、伴随状语、结果状语的情况。
高考试题中也曾出现过对于补足语的考查,考题设计巧妙、灵活、综合性强。
这要求考生正确理解题意,从语法结构、习惯用法及具体语境等多方面进行分析。
不能孤立地看某一语法知识,而要弄懂整个句子,并通过所给的信息进行分析、推理,从而作出正确的判断。
1.考查非谓语动词的试题常常考查一些常用动词以及特殊动词对其后非谓语动词的形式(不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式)的不同要求。
有时也涉及到非谓语动词的完成式和否定式。
在做非谓语试题时可以分三个步骤:(1)分析句子成分;(2)搞清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系;(3)确定行为时间及先后顺序等。
2.高考对非谓语动词的测试方向:(1)不定式的完成式、被动式和进行式;(2)不定式的省略;(3)测试只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法;(4)现在分词作宾补、作定语、作状语的用法;(5)测试非谓语动词的否定式。
应试同分瓶颈1.非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点,切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。
真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:(1)具有句子结构的知识,要分得清简单句与复合句,陈述句与祈使句。
(2)具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
(3)具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词,双宾动词和复宾动词。
一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。
(4)具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析s。
词左右长度的复合长、难句。
2.解答考查非谓语动词的题目时,一定要保持头脑冷静。
一般要遵循以下解题思路:(1)解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);(2)找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);(3)搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;(4)将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺,或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
高中英语语法专项精讲-非谓语动词讲解
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非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制,动词不定式定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
一、不定式的意义1. 不定式的一般式:一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式:进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式:如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前,就用完成式;若是在此基础上的被动含义,就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式:如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作,就要用完成进行式.eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法:1. 不定式做主语:不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
而动名词doing 表示习惯的,经常的动作。
高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词3
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高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词基本知识:定义:具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用,即:除谓语以外一切成分。
形式:动名词→相当于名词不定式→相当于名词、形容词、副词分词→相当于形容词、副词应该注意的地方:1.非谓语动词的否定:not 放在非谓语动词前2.非谓语动词的时态:一般时→表示一般性的动作进行时→表示正在发生的动作完成时→表示的动作发生在谓语动词前动名词的时态:doing / having done不定式的时态:to do / to be doing / to have done现在分词的时态:doing / having done3.非谓语动词的语态:主动被动动名词:being done / having been done不定式:to be done / to have been done现在分词:being done / having been done★过去分词只有一种形式. 本身表示完成和被动。
(1)非谓语动词作主语:Eg: Playing fire is very dangerous. →It is very dangerous to play fire.To give you a hand is my pleasure. →It is my pleasure to give you a hand. it 可以作形式主语(2)非谓语动词作表语:Eg: My job is teaching English.He is teaching English.My purpose is to give you a big surprise.The house is burnt down.Teaching English is my job.(3)非谓语动词作宾语:Eg: I want to become a doctor.He enjoyed living in the countryside.★只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语:mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit, advise, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay, imagine, quit, resist,risk, stand, bear …be used to, look forward to, stick to, lead to,object to, pay attention to, see to, set about,get down to, feel like, be devoted to…★只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:refuse, demand, hope, agree(4)非谓语动词作定语:Eg:the waiting room/ the waiting carthe students attending the meetingthe people invited to the partythe last one to arrivethe letter to be postedthe posted letter动名词表示所修饰名词的功能和用途现在分词和所修饰名词之间是主动关系过去分词和所修饰名词之间是被动关系,表动作完成不定式表示一个尚未发生的动作(5)非谓语动词作补语:Eg: I want you to help me.He rushed away, leaving me standing here shocked.I tried to make myself understood.With so much work to do, I dear not waste any minute.不定式表示尚未发生的动作现在分词表示和宾语之间是主动关系过去分词表示和宾语之间是被动关系(6)非谓语动词作状语:Eg: I got up early to catch the bus.Living in the village, he enjoyed the fresh air.Praised by the teacher, he was proud of his progress made in study. 不定式表示目的或者是出乎意料的结果现在分词表示和句子的主语之间是主动关系过去分词表示和句子的主语之间是被动关系分词作状语,可以表示原因,伴随,方式等等(7)动名词的复合结构:Eg: Do you mind my/me opening the door?Can you imagine his/him becoming a star?The mistake led to our/us ending up in failure.★动名词的复合结构,表示的是动名词动作的发出者即:它的逻辑主语。
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高三英语语法复习讲座----非谓语动词非谓语动词是指动词的三种变化形式,在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)不定式的构成:是由“to+动词原形”构成即、to do,否定式是not to do不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式的各种形式:主动被动一般时to do to be done进行时to be doing完成时to have done to have been done完成进行时To have beendoing不定式的作用:不定式可以做主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。
1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:It took us two hours to finish the exam.It is important for us to study English well.It is very kind of you to help me with my English.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较:It is to support my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to support my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for. It’s brave of him to save the boy. 可以说成,He is brave to save the boy.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:plan, hope, wish, promise, refuse, help, decide, learn,agree, choose等(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
如:I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.(make,feel,think,bilieve等常用于本句型)3、作宾语补足语(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。
如:He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage特别注意,在一下动词后的不定式做宾语补足语的不定式主动语态中省略to,被动语态还原to Listen to, hear,watch ,see,look at,notice,observe,feel,make,have,let,其中help(可省略,也可不省略) The boss makes him work ten hours a day.-------He is made to work ten hours.help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him (to)clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。
如:We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)(3) There +不定式。
如:We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意:(1)有些动词需用as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider。
如:We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
((3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him (to)clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.4、作定语不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。
不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
如:I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系)He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。
如:Do you have anything else to say?2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。
如:I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。
(1)做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…(如此···以便···)如:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He came to the school to see his son.(2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
如:He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3)做原因状语。
如:We were very excited to hear the news.I’m glad to see you.(4)做条件状语。
如:To turn to the left , you could find a post office.5、作表语不定式可放在be动词后面,构成表语。
如:The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意:1.不定式在句中作表语时,对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当主语是不定式时,表语不能用Ving形式,要用不定式。
如:To see is to believe. (眼见为实)6、独立结构。
如:To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.一、不定式的时态和语态1、不定式的时态(1)现在时:有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
如:He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.(2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
如:I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.(3)进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
如:He seems to be eating something.(4)完成进行时:表示动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能持续下去。
如:She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时,就用被动式。
如:He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.二、省to 的动词不定式1、情态动词(除ought 外,ought to)2、Would rather, had better.3、感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补,省略to.注意:在被动语态中to 不能省略掉。
如:I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.They were made to work the whole night.4、使役动词let, have, make.5、由and, or 和than 连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去。