译林版高中英语优化教案 必修一 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good

Unit 3Looking good, feeling good
一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇
Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．weight-loss n．减肥，瘦身
2．pill n. 药丸，药片
3．kilogram n. 千克，公斤
4．work v i. 起作用，有效果，奏效
5．waist n. 腰，腰部；腰围
6．athlete n. 运动员
7．post n. (在网上发布的)帖子
[第二屏听写]
8．branch n．分支；分部；树枝
9．downtown ad v. 在市中心，往市中心(尤指商业中心区) 10．freeway n. 〈美〉高速公路
11．marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
12．skip v t. & v i. 跳过，略过；蹦跳着走
13．system n. 身体；(器官)系统；体系；制度
[第三屏听写]
14．slim adj.苗条的，纤细的
15．loss n. 丧失，丢失，损失
16．gain v t. 增加；获得，赢得
17．overweight adj. 肥胖的，体重超标的
18．*liver n. 肝脏
19．*membership n. 会员资格，成员资格
20．*chip n．(pl.) 薯条
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第四屏听写]
1．peaceful adj.平静的；和平的
2．figure n. 体形；数字；人物
3．ashamed adj. 惭愧的，羞愧的
4．energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的5．recover v i. 复原，恢复健康
v t. 重新获得，恢复
6．failure n. 失败；衰退，衰竭；故障，失灵[第五屏听写]
7．contain v t.含；容纳
8．chemical n. 学物质
adj. 学的
9．treatment n. 疗；待遇；处理
10．painful adj. 人疼痛的，痛苦的11．damage v t. & n. 害，伤害
12．attractive adj. 吸引力的，有魅力的
[第六屏听写]
13．embarrassed adj.尴尬的，不好意思的，难为情的14．pressure n. 压力
15．amount n. 数量
16．diet n. & v i. 节食；日常饮食
17．prefer v t. 更喜欢
18．suffer v t. & v i. 受苦；遭受(磨难)
[第七屏听写]
19．effect n．效果，作用；影响
20．affect v t. 影响；(病毒)感染21．achievement n. 成就
22．including prep. 包括
23．midnight n. 午夜
24．equipment n. 器材；设备
[第八屏听写]
25．expert n．专家
26．sadness n. 悲伤
27．comfort n. 安慰；舒适
v. 安慰
28．useless adj. 无用的，无效的
29．approximately ad v. 大约
30．properly ad v. 适当地
[第九屏听写]
31．mostly ad v.主要地；通常32．concentrate v t. & v i. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注33．skin n. 皮肤
34．count v i. 认为，算作；重要
v t. 数数
35．work_out 锻炼；解决；计算出
36．go_on_a_diet 节食
[第十屏听写]
37．side_effect副作用
38．fall_out (头发等)脱落；争吵
39．get_into_shape 强身健体
40．make_the_most_of 充分利用
41．in_the_long_term 从长远角度看
42．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上，实际上
二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)
(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
1．suffer vt.遭受，蒙受，经历v i.受苦，受损失，患病
①Reading fiction can help those who do not suffer_from_loneliness to understand lonely people.
阅读小说可以帮助那些不孤独的人理解孤独的人。

②If that were true, both companies would suffer_great_loss.
如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。

③Experiencing_personal_suffering is a necessary part of our growth.
经历个人痛苦是我们成长过程中必不可少的一部分。

[名师指津](1)suffer 用作及物动词时，指“遭受、经历(不愉快之事)”，后常接loss, pain, hardship, defeat, punishment等，无被动语态。

(2)suffer用作不及物动词时，常与from连用，意为“受……之苦，患……病”。

2．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害
①Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage_crops. (2017·江苏高考阅读)
没有冰川，水会到达河流，有时会破坏庄稼。

②Too much packaging is doing_damage_to the environment.
包装太多对环境有害。

③He won’t do anything that may damage_his_reputation.
他不会做任何有可能损害他名誉的事情。

3．effect n．效果，作用；影响
单句语法填空
①This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)
②However, effective (effect) debates do not require angry quarrels and embarrassments.
③Every employee of the company is required to solve the problems in working effectively (effect)．
④Sometimes, the adults could also be_affected (effect) by the violence content of the video games.
用effect的相关短语完成小片段
The new traffic law has ⑤come_into_effect (开始实施). ⑥In_effect_(事实上), it ⑦has_an_effect_on (对……有影响) people’s life in many ways besides people’s focus on road safety. Since it ⑧took_effect (生效), many people have drunk less than before.
可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。

①Make sure to keep_the_lights_off before you leave the office.
在你离开办公室之前一定要把灯关掉。

②To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’ d better keep_this_card_at_hand.(2016·北京高考单选)
为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。

③They use computers to keep the traffic running (run) smoothly.
他们使用电脑来保持交通的平稳运行。

④There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed (fix) on the sink until it’s full. (2017·天津高考阅读)
当这一切发生的时候，你绝对不能做任何事情，只需要双眼集中在水槽上直到它装满。

Nancy had a great time at the party. So_did_her_husband.
南希在晚会上玩得很开心。

她的丈夫也是(很开心)。

②She shouldn’t have yelled at you; neither/nor_should_I.
她不应该对你大喊大叫，我也不应该(对你大喊大叫)。

③Henry is very clever but he doesn’t work hard at his lessons. So_it_is_with_his_little_brother.
亨利很聪明，但是不努力学习。

他的弟弟也是。

6．contain vt.包含；容纳
[辨析比较]
选词填空：contain/include
The box ①contains a number of letters, ②including those from her admirers and of course her husband’s letter ③included as well.
7．figure n．[C]体形；数字；人物；画像；雕像；人影v t.& v i.考虑；估计；计算；认为
[一词多义]写出下列句中figure的含义
①As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.人物
②Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.体形
③It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven’t got a job. 数字
④Lisa was very frightened as she saw a figure in the darkness.人影
⑤David Dominoni requested the clerk to figure out his income tax.计算
⑥I figure that he was drunk and shouldn’t be allowed to drive.认为
[系统考点]
figure out理解；想出；计算出
keep one’s figure 保持体形
⑦The art historians tried to figure_out how the temple might have looked when built around 15 B．C.
艺术历史学家试图弄清楚这座庙宇大约在公元前15年建造时的面貌。

8．ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的
①I’m ashamed to_admit (admit) that I’ve never read any of his books.
②It’s a shame that he was caught stealing in class.
③What a shame! She should fail this round.
④To my shame, I never did something for you when you’re in trouble.
9．prefer vt.更喜欢
单句语法填空
①As for me, I prefer to_choose (choose) friends similar to myself.
②Many people prefer living in the country to living in the city.
③A teacher should not have a preference (prefer) for any one of his pupils.
一句多译
她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。

④She_prefers_to_walk_to_work_rather_than_drive_a_car. (prefer to do ...rather than do ...)
⑤She_would_rather_walk_to_work_than_drive_a_car. (would rather do ... than do ...)
⑥She_would_walk_to_work_rather_than_drive_a_car. (would do ... rather than do ...)
[名师指津](1)prefer＝like better, 因此不能和比较级连用。

(2)prefer的过去式和过去分词是preferred, preferred。

10．failure n．失败；衰退，衰竭；故障，失灵
①A quick review of successes_and_failures at the end of year will help shape your year ahead. (2017·江苏高考单选)
快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。

②He felt like a_failure when he failed_to_pass the driving test.
他没能通过驾驶考试，感觉是一个失败的人。

③I failed_in my English test last term.
上学期我英语考试不及格。

[联想发散]抽象名词用作本义时，一般是不可数的。

但个别抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物，被称作抽象名词具体化，此时名词的词义将发生变化。

success (U)成功，成名；(C)成功的人或事物
failure (U)失败；(C)失败的人或事物
comfort (U)安慰，宽恕；(C)令人感到安慰的人或事
relief (U)宽慰，减轻；(C)令人感到轻松的事
attraction (U)吸引，吸引力；(C)有吸引力的事物
pity (U)怜悯，同情；(C)可惜/遗憾的事
pleasure (U)高兴，快乐；(C)乐事，趣事
shame (U)羞耻，羞愧；(C)遗憾的事，可耻的人或事物
surprise (U)惊奇，吃惊；(C)令人惊奇的人或事
wonder (U)惊奇，惊叹；(C)令人感到惊奇的事，奇迹，奇观
11．work out锻炼；计算出；(有预期的)结果；解决(问题)；制订出(计划等)
[一词多义]写出下列句中work out的含义
①The three parties will meet next month to work out remaining difference.解决
②Just don’t work out too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up._锻炼
③We didn’t plan our art exhibition, but it worked out well.结果
④They must work out a plan as quickly as possible.制订出
[归纳拓展]
①We’ll work on a project next Monday and we’re getting everything prepared today.
我们下星期一将做一个项目，我们今天把一切准备好。

②I have made up my mind to work hard at English.
我下决心努力学英语。

12．in the long term 从长远角度看，长期内
①Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
②In terms of individual players, we have a great team but the problem is that they don’t play football together well at all.
③We have been on good terms with our neighbors for all these years.
④Finally they came to terms with the enemy.
13．concentrate vt.& vi.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注
①If you are unable to concentrate_your_attention,_you are unable to achieve at your best level.
如果你不能集中注意力，你就无法达到最好的水平。

②She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate_on her studies. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)
为了集中精力学习，她已拒绝了几个节目主演的邀请。

③My concentration slipped and it felt as if my brain was slowing down.
我的注意力不集中，感觉好像我的大脑在迟钝下来。

[联想发散]concentrate on“专注于”同义短语小结：
①fix/focus one’s attention/mind on/upon ...
②be absorbed in (doing) ...
③bury oneself in ... ④be buried in ...
⑤put one’s heart into ... ⑥devote oneself to ... 14．count vi.认为，算作；重要v t.数数
[练牢基点]写出下列句中count的含义
①She was counting her money with joy.数数
②If you’re all going to the party, you can count me in.算作
③Hurry up！Every minute now counts.重要
④On the whole she counted herself as a fortunate wife.认为
[系统考点]
单句语法填空
⑤Being ill, my grandmother counted on us to care for her.
⑥To my joy, she counts me as her best friend.
⑦Count up these figures and you’ll know all the money I earned.
⑧If you don’t count the broken one in,_there will be fifty eggs in all.
⑨We’ll have to count Frank out for next Sunday’s trip.
翻译句子
⑩与你们的贡献比较起来，我们的算不了什么。

Beside_yours_our_contributions_count_for_little._
⑪因为她有经验，所以她的意见很重要。

Her_opinion_counts_because_of_her_experience.
15．amount n．数量v i.总计，合计
①Proper amounts of childcare do (do) good to grandparents.
②A good amount of sleep every night is (be) also important for your health. ③
The total sales of the company didn ’t amount to more than a million dollars. ④Each year the amount of mail going through the Angelica Post Office increases (increase) during late November and early December.
[联想发散] 表示“许多/大量……”的短语大集合：
(1)a number of 只接可数名词复数。

(2)a great deal of, a great amount of (large amounts of)只接不可数名词。

(3)a lot of (lots of), plenty of, a large quantity of (large quantities of) 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。

When in Rome, do as_the_Romans_do.
入乡随俗。

②The boy was singing a song as_he_was_cycling.
这个男孩边骑车边唱歌。

③As_you’re_not_feeling_well,_you may stay at home.
既然你身体不舒服，你可以待在家里。

④Old_as_he_is,_he is still full of energy.
尽管年纪大了，但他依然精力充沛。

⑤He doesn’t speak English as/so_fluently_as_you.
他的英语说得不如你流利。

[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
2．Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in the long term.
3．Actually, Henry felt ashamed (shame) of having done so little work.
4．While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure (fail)．
5．Damaged (damage) houses have been repaired and everything will be on the right track.
6．Shala often looks through the websites containing (contain) information about the change of the share rate.
7．The general worked out a new plan of attack, staying up for the night.
8．You can count on/upon him for a truthful report of the accident.
9．Some supermodels are far too skinny to be attractive (attract) enough.
10．To my anger, my teacher kept me standing (stand) all the morning.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He can perform an astonishing variety of acts, included mime and juggling (杂耍)．included→including
2．We couldn’t figure on why so many people were taken in by such a simple trick.on→out
3．My cousin is so noisy that I have difficulty concentrating for my study.for→on
4．The professor preferred giving lectures to students to go to the party.go→going
5．This experiment turned out to be failure, but, as we know, success often comes after failure.第一个failure前加a
Ⅲ.根据所给提示补全句子(每空一词)
1．你们务必照我的样子去做每一件事。

(as引导方式状语从句)
You must do everything as I do.
2．他们开晚会的吵闹声让我很长时间没睡着。

(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
The noise from their party kept me awake for a long time.
3．学习需要热情，友谊也一样。

(so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语)
Study needs enthusiasm, and so does friendship.
4．我想知道在哪里能再次找到那个信息。

(疑问词＋不定式)
I wonder where to find_that information again.
Ⅳ.一句多译
1．自从她出国以后，他一直专心工作。

①Since she went abroad, he has concentrated_his_mind_on his work.(concentrate)
②Since she went abroad, he has devoted_himself_to his work.(devote)
③Since she went abroad, he has buried_himself_in his work.(bury)
④Since she went abroad, he has been_absorbed_in his work.(absorb)
⑤Since she went abroad, he has put_his_heart_into his work.(put)
2．如果你不参加会议，我也不会的。

①If you don’t attend the meeting; I_won’t,_either.(either)
②If you don’t attend the meeting; neither/nor_will_I．(neither/nor)
[高考拆组训练]
板块练(一)阅读理解组块训练——练速度
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·湖南省两校上学期联考)
Long March (长征) exhibition
The Shanghai History Museum is putting on exhibition to remember the Long March. More than 220 photos and 40 other things are on show. All the exhibition is explained in Chinese. The show will end on November 20.
Time: 10：00 a．m. — 4：00 p．m.
Address: 1286 Hongqiao Road
Ticket: 8 yuan for Chinese/15 yuan for foreigners
Thai elephants
Eight elephants from Thailand are an attraction for visitors at Changfeng Park by
riding bikes, playing basketball, dancing and blowing a musical instrument. The elephants give three shows a day at 9：30 a．m., 3：30 p．m., and 8：00 p．m., and there is an extra show at 1：30 p．m. at weekends. The show will end on November 15.
Address: 189 Daduhe Road
Ticket: 30－40 yuan
Dancing dolphins
Dolphins jumping from the water to touch a ball, dancing to music, kissing people and doing easy math problems, and seals and sea lions, also performing, have made a large part of the aquarium in Peace Park, which interests children greatly.
Time: 10：30 a．m., 4：00 p．m., and 7：30 p．m.
Ticket: 20 yuan for adults and 10 yuan for children
语篇解读：本文介绍了三则广告，分别是长征展、泰国大象和海豚表演，介绍了时间、地点和价格等方面的内容。

1．Where can one see the Long March exhibition?
A．In Shanghai History Museum.
B．In Changfeng Park.
C．In Peace Park.
D．On 189 Dahude Road.
解析：选A细节理解题。

根据“The Shanghai History Museum is putting on exhibition to remember the Long March.”可知本题选A。

2．How many shows do Thailand elephants give at weekends?
A．One.B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
解析：选D细节理解题。

根据“The elephants give three shows a day at 9：30 a．m., 3：30 p．m. and 8：00 p．m., and there is an extra show at 1：30 p．m.at weekends.”可知应该是四场。

所以本题选D。

3．How much should two children pay to go into Peace Park?
A．Five yuan. B．Twenty yuan.
C．Thirteen yuan. D．Fourteen yuan.
解析：选B细节理解题。

根据Dancing dolphins 一段中的最后一行“Ticket: 20 yuan for adults and 10 yuan for children”可知，应该是每个小孩十元，所以本题选B。

B
Robotic surgery is one thing, but sending a robot inside the body to carry out an operation is quite another, which has long been a goal of some researchers to produce tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut, the possibility of which has just got a bit closer.
However, unlike the plot of one film－which featured a microscopic crew and submarine traveling through a scientist’s bloodstream — this device could not be inserted into blood vessels (管) because it is too big. While other types of miniature swallowable robots have been developed in the past, their role has mostly been limited to capturing images inside the body. In a presentation this week to the International Conference, Daniela Rus and Shuhei Miyashita of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology described a robot they have developed that can be swallowed and used to collect dangerous objects accidentally taken in.
To test their latest version, Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita designed a robot as a battery hunter, which might seem to be an odd task, but more than 3,500 people in America alone, most of them children, swallow the tiny button cells used in small electronic devices by accident every year. To start with, the researchers created an artificial esophagus (食道) and stomach made out of silicone (硅胶). It was closely modeled on that found in a pig and filled with medical liquid; the robot itself is made from several layers of different materials, including pig intestine (肠), and contains a little magnet. This is folded up and encased in a 10mm×27mm capsule of ice. Once this reaches the stomach the ice melts and the robot unfolds which is moved and guided with the use of a magnetic field outside the body. In their tests, the robot was able to touch a button battery and draw it with its own magnet, and during dragging it along, the robot could then be directed towards the intestines where it would eventually be gotten rid of through the anus (肛门). After it, the researchers sent in another robot loaded with medication to deliver it to the site of the battery burn to speed up healing.
The artificial stomach being transparent on one side, the researchers were able to see the batteries and visually control the robots. If not, that will require help with the help from imaging system, which will be a bit more of a challenge, but Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita are determined to succeed.
语篇解读：长期以来，研究人员都在尝试创造一种微型机器设备，能够游走于人体内，在不切割身体表面的情况下传送药物或者修补伤口。

现在这种可能性已变得更为接近现实。

麻省理工学院的丹妮拉·鲁斯和宫下修平研制的机器人可以被人吞咽，并可收集人们不慎摄入的有害异物。

4．According to the passage, the robot operation will probably be able to ________.
A．travel through a scientist’s bloodstream
B．photograph the body to convey to the doctor
C．enter the body to deliver drugs or make repairs
D．operate on a person outside the body completely
解析：选C细节理解题。

根据第一段可知，未来机器人手术可能能够将机器人植入体内传送药物或者修补伤口。

故选项C符合题意。

5．We learn from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A．the researchers did the experiment on a chosen animal
B．the robot took necessary drugs besides a little magnet
C．digesting the swallowed batteries is difficult for children
D．the actual size of the robot may be larger than the capsule of ice
解析：选D推理判断题。

根据第三段第四、五句可知，机器人被折叠起来包裹进10毫米宽、27毫米长的冰胶囊内。

一旦进入胃部，冰层便会融化，机器人也会打开。

显然，机器人真实的尺寸要比冰胶囊大。

故选项D正确。

6．What may the experiment mean to the medical world?
A．The surgeries will cost patients much money.
B．Patients will suffer less because of some surgeries.
C．Fewer children will swallow the button cells.
D．A robot will be invented travelling blood vessels.
解析：选B推理判断题。

根据第一段和第三段第六、七句可知，将机器人植入体内实施手术是为了在不切割身体表面的情况下传送药物或者修补伤口，这样能够加速治愈过程。

显然，这种实验对于医学界的意义在于病人将少遭受手术痛苦。

故选项B符合题意。

7．Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．An Experiment on Robot
B．Tiny Robot, Significant Role
C．The Fantastic Robotic Voyage
D．The Exploration of Robot Technology
解析：选C标题归纳题。

根据第二段最后一句可知，麻省理工学院的丹妮拉·鲁斯和宫下修平研制的机器人可以被人吞咽，并可取出人们不慎摄入的有害物体。

这对于被送入体内捕获异物的微型机器人来说无异于是一次在人体内的神奇之旅。

故选项C符合题意。

C
(2018·辽宁沈阳育才中学模拟)The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator (发电机). The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity — roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness. Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meat tickets worth D|S36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. The bicycles will have smart phones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel.
The plan, a world-first, will start on 19 April and run for a year.
Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Frederikke
Toemmergaard, hotel spokeswoman, said, “Many of our visitors are
business people who enjoy going to the gym. There might be people
who will cycle just to get a free meal, but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.”
Copenhagen has a long-standing cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day, one of the highest percentages in the world, according to the website v isitcopenhagen. dk. US environmental website treehugger. com recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists. “Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling, we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbol of the hotel’s green profile (形象)．”
If successful, the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement.
语篇解读：本文提到的电动自行车免餐计划是为了增强人们的健康，推广酒店的环保理念。

8．What is the main purpose of the free meal programme?
A．To promote the hotel’s green concept.
B．To make the city known to the world.
C．To attract people to the hotel restaurant.
D．To get guests to stay longer at the hotel.
解析：选A细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句中“The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint.”可知，这个想法是让人们身体健康，并减少碳排放量。

即推广酒店的绿色理念。

故选A。

9．How can a participant get a free meal?
A．By becoming a professional cyclist.
B．By cycling to produce some electricity.
C．By linking a smart phone to a bicycle.
D．By monitoring his or her carbon footprint.
解析：选B细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句“The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator (发电机)．”可知，通过骑自行车为宾馆生产一些电的人们才能得到免费的一餐。

故选B。

10．Who are most likely to enter for the programme?
A．The poor local people.
B．The environment activists.
C．Health-conscious hotel guests.
D．Visitors fond of Copenhagen food.
解析：选C细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part.”可知，只有住在酒店的客人才能参加。

故选C。

11．According to Paragraph 3, Copenhagen has one of the world’s ________？
A．best chain hotels
B．greenest natural environments
C．longest bike paths
D．highest rates of people cycling to work
解析：选D细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“Copenhagen has a longstanding cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day, one of the highest percentages in the world”可知，骑自行车上班的人的比例最高，故选D。

D
Stephen Hawking Warns Humans
Must Leave Earth Soon
Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.
Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying
climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not
denying the importance of fighting climate change and global
warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most
serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”
Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon
before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years’time and send people to Mars by 2025”．
According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spread ing out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics (天体物理学) and cosmology (宇宙学)．”
Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation (滥伐森林), and decimation (大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking (考虑不周的) lot.”
The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe (航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.
语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。

12．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?
A．To send people to Mars.
B．To build a lunar base.
C．To send astronauts to the Moon.
D．To change the future of humanity.
解析：选C细节理解题。

由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。

13．The und erlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．A．speeded up B．stored
C．used up D．explored
解析：选C词义猜测题。

由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。

14．What is Hawking’s attitude towards the Earth’s future?
A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
解析：选A观点态度题。

由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。

15．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.
A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger
B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet
C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people
D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth
解析：选A细节理解题。

由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2018·福建泉港一中模拟)
6 Tips for Healthy, White Teeth
·Go on a white-teeth diet. If you’re quaffing (畅饮) red wine and black tea, or smoking cigarettes, expect the results to show up as not-so-pearly whites.
·Throw away your toothbrush or electric toothbrush head every two to three months.__16__According to dentist Harold Katz, the best way to brush is by placing your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against your gums (牙龈) and gently moving it in a circular motion. Grip the toothbrush like a pencil so you won’t scrub (刷洗) too hard.
·Use a tongue scraper (刮刀) every morning to remove tongue plaque (舌斑) and freshen breath. One cause of bad breath is the build-up of bacteria on the tongue, which a daily tongue scraping will help banish (消除). __17__
·Eat “detergent (清洁剂)”foods that are firm or crisp to help clean teeth as you munch (咀嚼)．__18__ For best results, make “detergent” foods the final food you eat in your meal if you know you won’t be able to brush your teeth after eating.
·Stay fresh. Check by licking (舔) your palm and smelling it while it’s wet. If you smell something, it’s time for a sugar-free breath mint (薄荷). Shopping for mouthwash? __19__ Mouthwashes with too much alcohol can dry out mouth tissue, making it more prone (易于) to bacteria.
·Brushing your teeth first and last are the two most crucial times of the day, as saliva (唾液) which keeps plaque off teeth, dries up at night, so it’s best to have all plaque cleaned off the teeth before sleep.__20__
A．Make sure it’s alcohol free.
B．Apples are good, as are raw carrots, celery and popcorn.
C．Otherwise, you’re just transferring bacteria to your mouth.
D．However, the bacteria won’t be staying on the top of your tongue.
E．It’s more effective than brushing your tongue with a toothbrush too.
F．When you sleep without bacteria in your mouth, you will feel much better.
G．It’s also important to brush first in the morning to remove plaque and bacteria built up as you slept.
语篇解读：本文介绍了六条保持牙齿洁白、健康的建议。

16．解析：选C根据此空前“Throw away your toothbrush ...every two to three months.”可知，每隔两到三个月要换一次牙刷，本空应说明这样做的原因。

C项(否则你就是在把细菌转移到嘴巴里。

符合语境。

)
17．解析：选E根据空前的“One cause of bad breath ..., which a daily tongue scraping will help banish(清除)．”可知，刮舌板有助于有效清除舌头上堆积的细菌，故此处描述的是刮舌板的益处。

E项意为“这比用牙刷刷你的舌面更加有效”，符合上下文逻辑。

其中it 指代Use a tongue scraper every morning ...这件事。

18．解析：选B根据空前建议吃有清洁作用的硬的或脆的食物，边咀嚼边清洗牙齿可知，此段应涉及所吃的食物。

只有B项中出现了食物。

故选B项。

19．解析：选A根据本空后“Mouthwashes with too much alcohol can dry out mouth tissue ...”可知，此处应是建议使用不含酒精的漱口水。

故选A项。

20．解析：选G根据最后一段，建议起床后第一件事和睡觉前最后一件事是刷牙，以及本空前描述要在睡觉前刷牙可知，此处应该是早晨起来也要刷牙。

G项意为“同样重要的是早晨起来先刷牙，以此来清除夜间睡觉堆积起来的牙菌斑和细菌”，符合逻辑。

故选G 项。

板块练(二)语言知识运用组块训练——练准度
(限时：30分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
Do you know how discipline can help you achieve your goals? Do you know that discipline is important to __1__？What is the power of discipline? How to become disciplined?
You might think that many people are not self disciplined,
__2__ I’m going to prove to you that people in general are
disciplined, but __3__，in non-beneficial ways. There are many
people who smoke daily__4__ the fact that it is harmful and __5__
and it could kill them. Such people are disciplined at __6__
cigarettes and smoking. There are people who are disciplined at drinking lots of alcohol daily. Such people are disciplined at consuming alcohol. Do you__7__ where I am going with this?
One of my friends who has a __8__ for running spends half an hour every single morning running. Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run. This is the kind of __9__ discipline that you are supposed to__10__ and create in your life.
Do you know someone who bought a book, but didn’t finish__11__ it for some reason? Do you know someone who decided to improve his__12__ and start eating more vegetables and fruit, but after two weeks, he__13__？
These are all examples of __14__ of discipline. If you are not disciplined, then you will have a hard time to get your__15__. As I mentioned in my book The ultimate guide to achie v ing your goals that you could know what you want, __16__，and take action, but if you are not self-disciplined, you will__17__ give up.
With discipline, you can start getting up early in the morning, exercise, and __18__ yourself of the non-beneficial habits such as smoking and eating non-healthy food. With discipline, you can change negative habits to positive habits. With discipline, you can join the gym and start working on having a __19__ body. Do you see what the__20__ of discipline can do?
Always remember what Jim Rohn said, “One discipline always leads to another discipline. ”
语篇解读：自制力能够帮助我们实现目标并取得成功。

本文主要讲述了自制的力量及其对人们的影响，作者呼吁人们加强自律，改掉恶习，培养健康向上的生活习惯。

1.A.wealth B．success
C．fortune D．health
解析：选B根据上文的“how discipline can help you achieve your goals”可知，你知道自律对于成功的重要性吗？success意为“成功”；wealth意为“财富”；fortune意为“财。