杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识2019--2020年考研专业课真题
杭州师范大学汉语写作与百科知识2019--2020年考研初试真题
A．译作应完全复写出原作的思想
B．译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质
C．译作应具备原作所具有的通顺
D．译作必须考虑读者的感受
19.“安之所述，大启玄门，……字声一，句韵二，问答三，名义四，经论五，歌颂六，咒功七，品题八，专业九，异本十。各疏其相，广文如论。”这是彦琮在《辨证论》里提到的（）。
A.林语堂B.胡适
C.梁实秋D.康有为
19.法国启蒙思想家与作家（）花了二十多年主编了《百科全书》。
A.伏尔泰B.卢梭
C.孟德斯鸠D.狄德罗
20.物理学的浮力定律是由伟大的科学家（）发现的。
A.亚里士多德B.牛顿
C.阿基米德D.伽利略
第二部分应用文写作（共50分）
请你写一份我国著名翻译家朱生豪学术研讨会的邀请函，约600字，注意邀请函的格式，要求语言简洁明了，内容完整，信息准确。
A．请儒学名流到书院讲学
B．不同学派之间的论争
C．师生之间的学术讨论
D．师生之间的聚会方式
12.中国佛教四大名山是山西五台山、四川峨眉山、浙江普陀山和（）。
A．河南嵩山
B．湖北武当山
C．安徽九华山
D．江苏栖霞山
13.我国古代科举制度把朱熹的《四书集注》作为考试依据，是从（）代开始的。
A．宋
B．明
C．元
D.申请签证
9.两汉基本沿袭秦朝的制度，史称“汉承秦制”。下列属于汉朝继承秦朝的制度的是（）。
A．刺史制度
B．察举制
C．编户齐民制度
D．三公九卿制
10.王实甫的《（）》吹响了“愿天下有情人终成眷属”的嘹亮号角。
A．窦娥冤
B．孔雀东南飞
C．西厢记
杭州师范大学2020年《828普通语言学》考研专业课真题试卷
h
.
11. R
opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship
between the two items.
12. C
analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided
2020
828
I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
2
20
1. Writing is the primary medium for all languages. 2. We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted. 3. Only human beings are able to communicate. 4. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history. 5. Morphemes are the units of language that are smaller than words. 6. The meaning of a morpheme is called morph. 7. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist. 8. called conceptualism in semantic theory. 9. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences. 10. Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.
2019年杭州师范大学考研真题354汉语基础硕士研究生专业课考试试题
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
杭州师范大学
2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：354
考试科目名称：汉语基础
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
壹汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）
一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）
1. 汉语属于语系。
2. 现代汉语是现代汉民族的语言，包括共同语（普通话）和不同的。
3. 汉字的发展过程中，的产生是一次重大的改革，直接影响到汉字的构造，改变
了篆书以前的古文字的面貌。
4. 按现代汉语的方言分区，苏州话属于方言。
5. 汉语音节中，一个音节最多包含个辅音。
6. 英语有spring、cry，而汉语的音节中不能有spr、cr这样的情况出现，这体现了汉语语
音的特点。
7. 舌尖中、不送气、清、塞音是。
8. 现代汉语普通话舌尖元音有个。
9. 汉语声调的性质主要是由语音四要素中的决定的。
10. 声调在普通话里具有区别的作用。
11. 是语音结构的基本单位，是人们在听觉上能自然感觉到的一个发音片段。
12. 拼音文字记录语言是以为单位的，汉字记录语言基本上是以语素为单位的。
13. 汉字是一种性质的文字，这是它区别于音素文字或音节文字的基本特点。
14. 用两个以上的象形字或指事字组合起来表示一个新的意义的造字方法叫做。
15. 检字法是我国历史最悠久、影响最大的一种检字法。
16. 词是最小的的语言单位。
2019年考试科目代码354 考试科目名称汉语基础（本考试科目共10页，第1 页）。
杭州师范大学汉语国际教育基础2019--2020年考研初试真题
19．EXPO是（ ）组织的英文简称。
A．世界博览会B．环保组织 C．欧盟D．上海合作组织
20．唐朝诗人（ ）提出了“文章合为时而著，诗歌合为事而作”的主张。
A．白居易B．杜甫C．王维D．孟浩然
21．哪句诗讲的是许仙与白娘子的故事？（ ）
A 有缘千里来相会，须往西湖高处寻。
B 欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜。
C夜阑卧听风吹雨，铁马冰河入梦来。
D水光潋滟晴方好，山色空蒙雨亦奇。
22．二十四节气中，（ ）是一年中白天最长、黑夜最短的一天。
A．秋分B．夏至C．小暑D．大暑
23．下边哪一位画家被称为“画圣”？
A．顾恺之B．吴道子 C．闫立本 D．唐寅
24．中国古代典籍中的“四书”是（ ）。
19．中国古代社会的政治结构具有独特的东方文化特色，以血缘关系为纽带的宗法原则与君主专制的政治体制相结合，使得中国政治制度的鲜明特点是（ ）。
20．中国书法、绘画得力于（ ）纸的使用，也使作者的情感和个性充分展现出来。
21．二十四节气歌谣反映的是我国古代（ ）流域人们的生活场景。
22．唐宋八大家中唐代有两位，他们是韩愈和（ ）。
9．古代一些帝王曾专程赴（ ）山祭拜天地，并把这一隆重典礼称为“封禅”。
10．《诗经》运用了“赋、（ ）、兴”三种艺术表现方法。
11.北魏时期，郦道元撰写的一部内容丰富的地理学巨著是《》。
12．为人传诵的《陋室铭》一文是唐朝文人（ ）所作。
13．诗歌《乡愁》的作者是台湾诗人（ ）。
14．《诗经》与《楚辞》以其巨大的艺术魅力而被称为（ ），构成中国诗歌发展史的两大源头。
A．西班牙语B．英语C．葡萄牙语D．法语
2020浙江杭州师范大学外国文学考研真题
2020浙江杭州师范大学外国文学考研真题一、名词解释（每题8分,共40分）1. 古希腊喜剧2. 19世纪浪漫主义文学3. 自然主义4. 现代主义5. 沃莱•索因卡二、论述题（每题20分,共60分）1.流亡与文学有不解之缘。
荷马流浪于希腊群岛之间,吟唱特洛伊战争史诗；奥维德因得罪屋大维皇帝,被流放到黑海边；但丁被放逐出佛罗伦萨,在流亡中完成了《神曲》。
在十八、十九世纪之交,欧洲流亡文学达到顶峰：德国流放了海涅,英国流放了拜伦和雪莱,法国则把自己最伟大的十分雨果流放出境。
在近现代时期,流亡依旧是经久不衰的文学主题。
由于世界局势动荡不安,一大批的文人、学者、作家出于种种原因,在世界各地漂泊,在异国他乡发出自己独特的声音。
他们的创作构成了人类迄今为止最复杂、最迷人的文化景观之一。
请结合具体的文学作品,就流亡与文学的关系发表自己的看法。
2. 在人类文明发展的早期,民族文化的记忆是用口耳相传的方式,通过口传史诗、传说、庆典、礼仪和祭祀等途径保存下来的。
文字的出现和印刷术的发明从时间和空间两个方面极大地加快和扩展了民族记忆的速度、广度和密度。
随着科技的发展,电子时代的文化记忆凭借虚拟的符号、图像和音响,就可以进行远距离的信息传送和交流。
在当今多元文化杂交的时代,请你结合具体的文学作品,就民族记忆的议题发表你自己的观点。
3. 请论述《圣经》对西方文学的影响。
三、作品赏析（每题25分,共50分）阅读以下两个文本,分别撰写不少于400字的分析文章,题目自拟。
《一桶蒙特亚白葡萄酒》爱伦•坡福吐纳托对我百般迫害,我都尽量忍在心头,可是一旦他胆敢侮辱我,我就发誓要报仇了,您早就摸熟我生性脾气,总不见得当我说说吓唬人。
总有一天我要报仇雪耻；这个注意坚定不移,既然拿定主意不改,就没想到会出危险。
我不仅要给他吃吃苦头,还要干得绝了后患。
报仇的自己得到报应,这笔仇就没了清。
复仇的不让冤家知道是谁害他,这笔仇也没了清。
不消说,我一言一语,一举一动都没引起福吐纳托怀疑是存心不良。
杭州师范大学2019考研试题856专业基础(二)
2.以黑白稿形式呈现，工具不限，铅笔终稿无效。
3.完成相关创意图稿的文字阐述。（字数在500—1000字以内）（完成于附件4-5）
4.图稿尺寸在规定的试卷纸范围内自定。
5.交卷时须附草稿2幅（完成于附件1-2）。
杭州师范大学
2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：856
考试科目名称：专业基础（二）
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
题目:园宅四季
请你根据本人的专业特长，以及对园宅四季景物的观察，在答题纸上完成4幅表达四季庭院景象的正方形黑白画作，画面要有庭院空间表达及山、水、树、石、鸟等元素配景，营造四季景象。画面自由、表达手法不限（完成于答题纸上，表明附件3）。
6.考试时间为3小时。
2019浙江杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识考研真题
2019浙江杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识考研真题一、填空题（每小题2分，共60分）1.文学原始发生的几种学说有：______________说、宗教发生说、______________说、劳动说等。
2.“陌生化”理论的提出者是______________理论学派的______________。
3.文学消费有广义与狭义之分，广义是指______________，狭义则指近代以来文学作品成为一种______________供人们消费、阅读和欣赏。
4.古希腊神话中的“众神之王”是______________，酒神是_____________。
5.英国浪漫主义的先驱是______________和______________。
6.法国启蒙作家伏尔泰的戏剧_____________取材于中国元杂剧___________，表达了文明终将战胜野蛮的观点。
7.现代汉民族共同语是以北京语音为标准音、以______________为基础方言，以典范的______________为语法规范的普通话。
8.短语是由______________上能够搭配的词组合起来的没有______________的语言单位，又叫词组。
9.洋泾浜是______________中产生的一种特殊形式，是当地人没有学好的外语。
10.熟语包括______________、谚语、惯用语和______________，是一种定型化了的固定短语。
11.组合关系和__________是语言系统中的两种根本关系。
12.两个汉字音义相同而字形不同，在任何情况下都可以互相替代的称为______________。
13.是宋代陈彭年等编撰的______________用于规范科举作文用韵与辨音的现存最早最完整的一部韵书。
14.从发音方法看，普通话辅音zh是不送气、清、_________。
15. 根据比喻构成要素的不同，比喻可以分为明喻、暗喻和__________。
2020浙江杭州师范大学普通语言学考研真题 (1)
2020浙江杭州师范大学普通语言学考研真题I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. （每小题2分，共20分）1. Writing is the primary medium for all languages.2. We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.3. Only human beings are able to communicate.4. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.5. Morphemes are the units of language that are smaller than words.6. The meaning of a morpheme is called morph.7. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.8. J.R. Firth held the view that “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This view is called conceptualism in semantic theory.9. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.10. Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.II. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with one word.（每小题1分，共30分）1.In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normallycalled ane clause.2. Major lexical categories are o categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.3. Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are v .4. That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c antonyms.5. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and de-contextualized, that of an u_______ is concrete and context-dependent.6. S can be defined as the study of meaning.7. The conceptualist view holds that there is no d link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.8. R means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.9. S features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.10. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called h .11. R opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of arelationship between the two items.12. C analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word canbe divided into meaning components.13. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.14. An a is a logical participant in a predication, largely identicalwith the nominal element(s) in a sentence.15. According to the n theory of meaning, the words in a language aretaken to be labels of the objects they stand for.16. What essentially distinguishes s and pragmatics is whether in thestudy of meaning the context of use is considered.17. The notion of c is essential to the pragmatic study of language.18. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u .19. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combinedinto innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termedp .20. C were statements that either state or describe, and were thusverifiable.21. P were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, andwere not verifiable.22. A c is to commit the speaker himself to some future course of action.23. An e is to express feelings or attitude towards an existing state.24. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as"and", "but", "or".25. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expectedto observe is called the C Principle proposed by J. Grice.26. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k of the rulesof his language.27. Langue refers to the a linguistic system shared by all the membersof a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions andapplication of the rules.28. D is one of the design features of human language which refers tothe phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaninglessindividual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.29. A s may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedesthe predicate.30. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words intopermissible sentences in languages is called s .III. Explain the following terms. （每小题4分，共40分）1. sociolinguistics2. arbitrariness3. displacement4. performance5. allophone6. affix7. D-structure8. sense9. predication10. pragmaticsIV. Short answer questions. （每小题15分，共60分）1. What characteristics of language do you think should be included in a good, comprehensive definition of language?2. How are the English consonants differentiated?3. What is indirect language use? How is it explained in the light of speech act theory?4. In what ways are these expressions structurally ambiguous?(a) We met an English history teacher.(b) Flying planes can be dangerous.。
杭州师范大学2019考研试题354汉语基础
21.《诗经·七月》“塞向墐户”中，“向”的意义是朝北的窗户，根据《说文解字》和古文字，这是“向”的义。
22.是最小的音义结合体，是最小的语言单位。
23.在汉语中，语序和是表达语法关系的主要手段。
24.现代汉语有一些词具备两类词的语法功能，这种现象叫做。
A.比喻B.借代
C.引申D.简缩
19.“揭穿”一词的构词方式是。
A.联合式B.述补式
C.偏正式D.主谓式
20.“明天国庆节”是的短语。
A.并列关系B.偏正关系
C.同位关系D.主谓关系
21.“刚刚、刚才”的词性是。
A.名词、名词B.副词、副词
C.副词、名词D.副词、名词
22.下面一组词语里的“白”是副词的是。
30.“在我们周围涌现出了许许多多新时代的雷锋”运用的是的修辞手法。
2、判断题，对的打“√”，错的打“×”（每小题1分，共20分）
1.普通话的语法规范是指典范的白话文作品中的所有用例。（）
2.普通话中共有22个声母，它们都是辅音声母。（）
3.一个普通话音节最多可以有四个音素，最少可以只有一个元音音素。（）
A.孤立语B.黏着语
C.屈折语D.复综语
7.结构主义语言学是由语言学家的关于“语言是一个符号系统”的理论发展而来的。
A.霍凯特B.乔姆斯基
C.索绪尔D.布龙菲尔德
8.“怪不得”的“不”读。
A.四声B.一声
C.二声D.轻声
9.现代意义上系统的汉语语法研究是从开始的。
A.《马氏文通》B.《新著国语文法》
C.古代汉语是指古代文献语言。
D. 1919年“五四”运动以前的汉语都是古代汉语。
杭州师范大学850创意写作2019--2020年考研专业课真题
报道称，虽然该计划还没有出台时间表，但北京希望，它可以在 2030 年或不久后让中国宇航员登 上月球，其目标是探索月球的两极。
报道称，本周一个视频的解说者描述有关计划时宣布，未来中国将探索月球两极并建造一个科学 研究站，这个月球站将拥有多个相互联系的舱室。它的主要能源将是太阳能。在不太遥远的未来，相信 中国人居住在月宫的梦想将会成真。
请以这则新闻报道为背景，通过构思、想像和人物塑造，创作一个 1500 字左右的微电影剧本。
2019 年 考试科目代码 858 考试科目名称 创意写作 （本考试科目共 2 页，第 2 页）
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
杭州师范大学 2019 年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：
858
考试科目名称： 创意写作
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
1、微小说创作（45 分） 蚩尤 走廊 相片 请以上述三个词语为故事主干内容，即兴创作一则 300 字内的微小说。 要求： （1） 注重即兴创作构思，即故事的创意能力和内在逻辑。 （2） 需将提供的关键词作为故事的主干内容加以构思和叙写。
2、剧本创作（105 分） 一天，父亲给我打了个电话，认真地跟我说，他的一部分记忆好像丢失了，他 担心会越丢越多的，直到不能再给我打电话。 请以这个情节为线索，通过构思、想像，创作一个 1500 字内的微电影剧本。 要求： （1）故事情节完整、主题鲜明、情感表达准确，故事叙事流畅，逻辑性强。 （2）视听语言运用合理、得当。
2019 年 考试科目代码 858 考试科目名称杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
杭州师范大学354汉语基础2019--2020年考研专业课真题
、语气副词。
28. “张明当班长是班主任的决定。”是
作主语的单句。
29. 乔姆斯基的语言理论主张将语言能力和
分离，只将语言能力作为语言研
究的对象。
30. “在我们周围涌现出了许许多多新时代的雷锋”运用的是
的修辞手法。
二、判断题，对的打“√”，错的打“×”（每小题 1 分，共 20 分）
1. 普通话的语法规范是指典范的白话文作品中的所有用例。（ ） 2. 普通话中共有 22 个声母，它们都是辅音声母。（ ） 3. 一个普通话音节最多可以有四个音素，最少可以只有一个元音音素。（ ） 4. “大意”和“大·意”、“地道”和“地·道”等词的轻声具有区别意义的作用，普通
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
17. 通 常 把 反 义 词 分 为 绝 对 反 义 词 和 相 对 反 义 词 两 类 ，“ 合 法 ” 与 “ 非 法 ” 属
于
。
18. 词义就是词在语言中所表示的意义，包括
、情感意义、语域意义和现在还可以指“人和各种动物的肉”，甚至还可以指“某些
可见量词短语修饰名词时是不能带“的”的。（ ） 19. 评价修辞的好坏主要看是否适合题旨情景。（ ） 20. 明喻经常用“好像、如同”一类的喻词，“今天好像要下雨”中也有“好像”，所以用
了比喻的修辞方式。（ ）
三、选择题（每小题 1 分，共 30 分）
1. 现代汉语普通话语音系统有
个韵母。
A. 37 个
瓜果里可以吃的部分”，从词义发展的角度看，属于词义的
。
20. 词义范围的缩小包括两方面的含义，一方面是指有些词在某个义项上的所指范围缩小
了，另一方面是指
。
21. 《诗经·七月》“塞向墐户”中，“向”的意义是朝北的窗户，根据《说文解字》和古
杭州师范大学汉语基础2019--2020年考研初试真题
58.“张明当班长是班主任的决定。”是作主语的单句。
59.乔姆斯基的语言理论主张将语言能力和分离，只将语言能力作为语言研究的对象。
60.“在我们周围涌现出了许许多多新时代的雷锋”运用的是的修辞手法。
5、判断题，对的打“√”，错的打“×”（每小题1分，共20分）
23.“北风呼呼叫，大雪纷纷飘”中，“呼呼”所作的句法成分是（）。
24.复句可以分为（）复句和偏正复句。
25.英语中用数词修饰名词，汉语中数词加名词，中间常加入（）来修饰名词。
26.根据结构形式的特点和词义情况，疑问句可分为是非问、（）、选择问和正反问。
27.从意义和作用来划分，词可以分为（）和虚词两类。
5.读完这篇文章，读者就会被主题所感染，使读者感到余味无穷、不忍释手。
杭州师范大学
2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：354
考试科目名称：汉语基础
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
壹 汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）
4、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）
31.汉语属于语系。
32.现代汉语是现代汉民族的语言，包括共同语（普通话）和不同的。
3.汉字的第一次规范化字体是（）。
A.甲骨文B.金文
C.大篆D.小篆
4.《现代汉语词典》主要采用（）。
A.笔画检字法B.部首检字法
C.音序检字法D.号码检字法
5.“尝一尝”中的“一”应读（）。
A.阴平B.阳平C.去声D.轻声
6.从造字法上看，下面选项中不同于其他三项的是（）。
A.取B.步C.益D.泉
8.“星星”和“猩猩”都是单纯词。（）
9.“窈窕、忐忑、芙蓉”这三个词都是由两个语素构成的。（）
2020浙江杭州师范大学英语文学基础考研真题
2020浙江杭州师范大学英语文学基础考研真题Part I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20x2)1. About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the worldly life.C. They couldn't see the importance of worldly happiness.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without any freedomand independence.2. Which of the following is not John Milton’s works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. The Pilgrim’s Progress3. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels gives a n unparalleled_____ depiction of the vices of his age.A. religiousB. romanticC. satiricalD. comic4. William Blake’s Songs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholy tone.A. misery, poverty, disease, war and repressionB. happiness and love and romantic idealsC. misery, poverty mixed with love and happinessD. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferings5. Through his poems, Byron created the “Byronic hero” who is _____.A. a brave and stubborn rebel figure of noble originB. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble originC. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of lower originD. a brilliant, independent and romantic figure of his time6. Which of the following can’t be included in the critical realists of the Victorian Period?A. Charlotte and Emily BronteB. Charles Dickens and William M. ThackerayC. Thomas Hardy and George EliotD. D. H. Laurence and James Joyce7. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the______ of art and the____ of human passion.A. glory，uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience，sordidnessD. glory，permanence8. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John KeatsD. John Bunyan9. In The Pilgrim’s Progress Christian and Faithful come to the ______where bothare arrested as alien agitators and tried.A. Vanity FairB. Doubting CastleC. Celestial CityD. The Valley of Humiliation10. Of the following poets, who is not regarded as “lake poet”?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. John Keats11. ________, a Gothic novel written by Mary Shelley, is one of the triumphs of the Romantic movement due to its theme of alienation and its warning about the destructive power that can result when human activity is unfettered by moral and social concerns.A. WaverleyB. EndymionC. Joan of ArcD. Frankenstein12. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true?A. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and rationality.B. In most of the writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.C. There were a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.D. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.13. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the___.A. revolutionismB. reasonC. individualismD. rationalism14. Although realism and naturalism were products of the 19th century, their final triumph came in the 20th century, with the popular and critical successes of such writers as Edwin Arlington, William Cather, Robert Frost, William Faulkner and_____.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Sherwood AndersonC. Washington IrvingD. Ralph Ellison15. ____, one of the essays in The Sacred Wood, is the earliest statement of T.S. Eliot’s aesthetics, which provided a useful instrument for modern criticism. A. “Tradition and Individual Talent” B. “Sweeny Agonistes”C. “A Primer of Modern Heresy”D. “Gerention”16. The three poets Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and ____ opened the way to modern poetry.A. O. HenryB. Henry David ThoreauC. E.E. CummingsD. Robert Frost17. Which writer best expressed the Puritan sense of the self?A. Jonathan EdwardsB. Cotton MatherC. John SmithD. Thomas Hooker18. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. WaldenB. NatureC. “On Beauty”D. “S elf-Reliance”19. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence” in the history of American Literature?A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men20. Imagism was equivalent to ___ in fiction in a sense. Imagist never stated theemotion in the poem, but just presented an image: concrete, firm and definite in picture.A. modernismB. romanticismC. naturalismD. surrealismPart II Identify the source of each of the following quotation and write out the TITLE of which the passage comes from.(20x1)1. Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth/Inspired hath in every holt and heeth/The tender croppes, and the Yonge sonne/Hath in the Ram his half coursy ronne,2. The quality of mercy is not strained;/It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven/ Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest:3. If they be two, they are two so/As stiff twin compasses are two:/Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show/To move, but doth if th’other do;4. All is not lost-----the unconquerable will,/ And study of revenge, immoral hate,/And courage never to submit or yield:5. These people are most excellent mathematicians, and arrived to a great perfection in mechanics by the countenance and encouragement of the Emperor, who is a renowned patron of learning.6. True wit is Nature to advantage dressed,/What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed;7. So here have I lived above sixteen years in virtue and reputation; and all at once, when I come to know what is good, and what is evil, I must renounce all the good, all the whole sixteen years’ innocence, which, next to God’s grace, I owed chiefly to my parents and to my lady’s lessons and example.8. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,/So deep in luve am I;/ And I will luve thee still, my dear,/ Till a’ the seas gang dry.9. No Nightingale did ever chaunt/ More welcome notes to weary bands/ Of travelers in some shady haunt,/ Among Arabian sands:10. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.11. Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/ Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!12. He listened. The wind, playing upon the edifice, produced a booming tune, like the note of some gigantic harp.13. What a handsome little Oriental he was, and no doubt his wife and children were beautiful too, for people usually get what they already possess.14. This train of thought, she perceives, is threatening mere waste of energy, even some collision with reality, for who will ever be able to lift a finger against Whitaker’s Table of Precedency?15. He hated her bitterly at that moment because he made her suffer. Love her! She knew he loved her. He really belonged to her. This about not loving her, physically, bodily, was a mere perversity on his part.16. They were all running, all crying out madly. He could hear them crashing in the undergrowth and on the left was the hot, bright thunder of the fire.17. “I sometimes have a queer feeling with regard to you-----especially when you are near me, as now; it is as if I had a string somewhere under my left ribs, tightly and inextricably knotted to a similar string situated in the corresponding quarter of your little frame.”18. This grew; I gave commands;/ Then all smiles stopped together.19. Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; 20. Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough/ Gleams that untraveled world whose margin fades/ Forever and forever when I move.Part III In this part, you are free to choose Any TWO of the following three literary terms, and define them. (20x2)1. Stream of consciousness2. Conceit3.TranscendentalismPart IV. Choose ONE of the two topics and elaborate your views. (25x1)1. In 1954, William Golding(1911-1993) published his first novel Lord of the Flies after nearly 21 rejections of various publishers. This fiction,since its publication, has been considered as a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition, in terms of human evil and society.Elaborate your view on this novel.2. Eugene O’Neill(1888-1953) was the first American dramatist to regard the stage as a literary medium and the only American playwright ever to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. Through his efforts, the American theatre grew up during the 1920s, developing into a cultural medium that could take its place with the best in American fiction, painting, and music. Elaborate your view on his works.Part V. Read the following two commentaries carefully and choose ONE topic to write out your own ideas in any relationship to the passage. (25x1)1. Poetry, as we have since learnt, has other tasks than that of imparting psychological values to the visible world. Had Wordsworth turned his attention toward these, his genius might not have atrophied so soon. It remains to indicate briefly, in conclusion, what gave Wordsworth his initial direction towards “Nature” as the inevitable raw material for his creative sensibility. Here we met, I think, with two other groups of beliefs current in his age, which may be said to have conditioned his poetic experi ence: postulates (‘doctrines-felt-as-facts’) without which his poetry would not have been what it actually is. The first was the product of the deistic tradition of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to which I have already alluded in passing. Ever since the Renaissance the Creation had been steadily gaining in prestige as the ‘art of God,’ the universal divine Scripture which ‘liesexpans’d unto the eyes of all.’ The emotion of the‘numinous,’ formerly associated with super-nature, had become attached to Natureitself; and by the end of the eighteenth century the divinity, the sacredness of nature was, to those affected by this tradition, almost a first datum of consciousness. Wordsworth, then, did not have to construct this belief wholly out of his experience; much of it was given to him. Much the same is true of the second of these fundamental beliefs, the belief in the grandeur and dignity of man, and the holiness of the heart’s affections. This, too, was the products of forces originating (for our purposes) in the Renaissance; it had arisen out of the ruins of the theological view of man. As the ‘Fall’ receded further and further into the region of fable, man was increasingly regarded as a creature not only made in, but retaining, God’s image; and W ordsworth could acknowledge, without misgiving, ‘a grandeur in the beatings of the heart,’ and speak in good faith of ‘man and his noble nature.’ In Wordsworth’s lifetime this humanism had taken a colouring from Rousseau, and the special nobility of man was therefore only to be looked for ‘in huts where poor men lie.’ The ‘higher’ grades of society, in which the culture of the Renaissance had been exclusively fostered, were now “A light, a cruel, and vain world, cut off/From the natural inlets of just sentiment,/From lowly sympathy, and chastening truth.” [From “On Wordsworth and the Locke Tradition” by Basil Willey]2. Poetic influence is a labyrinthine process, and at its deepest is remote from echo and allusion, though it does not exclude them…When Whi tman tallies he takes measures of all things, implicitly including the measure of his own poetry. In his very different way, Whitman is as formalist a poet as were our late contemporaries James Merrill and Anthony Hecht, who usefully may be contrasted to the late A. R. Ammons and to John Ashbery, both of them strongly influenced by the poet of Leaves of Grass. Ammons and the versatile Ashbery can be far freer in form than Whitman ever is. The King James Bible is the largest influence upon Whitman’s style, a nd the Hebrew parallelism breaks through in the strongest of the translators, William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale. There is no single measure to Whitman’s song, just as his huge enlargements transcend all previous notions as to what can constitute materiapoetica. To hold together the vastness of his topics and the fluid dissolves of his tropes Whitman had to discover a master metaphor and found it in the tally, at once his ‘confession sprig’ and his incanted warbles for lilac-time. The Whitmanian tally is t he binding agent for “When Lilacs last in the Door-yard Bloom’d,” the sonorous elegy for the martyred Abraham Lincoln. Together with “As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life,” “Lilacs” is the most formally measured of Whitman’s peoms. I have a passion for “Lilacs,” though the epic “Song of Myself” is certainly the center of the Whitmanian poetic cosmos. Henry and William James, T. S. Eliot(belatedly), and W allace Stevens all associated “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” with “Lilacs” because there is a clear affinity between the mockingbird’s song and the song of death warbled by the hermit thrush. The boy Whitman first beholds the mockingbird “when the l ilac-scent was in the air.” The crucial difference between “Out of Cradle” and “Lilacs” seems to me that the sea in the first poem lisps the low and delicious word death, which becomes the burden of hermit thrush’s song in “Lilacs.” In the earlier poems, t he male mockingbirdsings of bereavement but not of death, though that is implied. Why did Whitman choose the word tally for what I judge to be his comprehensive vision of poetic voice? The word has a curious history. It derives from the Latin talea, which means a cutting, rod, or stick, on which you record payments and the sum still owed. In English, it transmuted into the idea of a duplicate or other half. It then became associated with illicit love. To live “tally” was to dwell together without marriage.In time the word expanded to become tally-whacking, tally woman, and tally-wags. [From The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life by Harold Bloom]。
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起偌大的身驱来，他那许多只腿真是细得可怜，都在他眼前无可奈何地舞动着。
“我出了什么事啦？”他想。
这可不是梦。
他的房间，虽是嫌小了些，的确是普普通通人住的房间，仍然安静地躺在四堵熟悉的墙壁当中。
在摊放着打开的衣料样品——萨姆沙是个旅行推销员——的桌子上面，还是挂着那幅画，这是他最近从一本画报上剪下来装在漂亮的金色镜框里的。
画的是一位戴皮帽子围皮围巾的贵妇人，她挺直身子坐着，把一只套没了整个前臂的厚重的皮手筒递给看画的人。
格里高尔的眼睛接着又朝窗口望去，天空很阴暗——可以听到雨点敲打在窗槛上的声音——他的心情也变得忧郁了。
“要是再睡一会儿，把这一切晦气事统统忘掉那该多好。
”他想。
但是完全办不到，平时他习惯于向右边睡，可是在目前的情况下，再也不能采取那样的姿态了。
无论怎样用力向右转，他仍旧滚了回来，肚子朝天。
他试了至少一百次，还闭上眼睛免得看到那些拼命挣扎的腿，到后来他的腰部感到一种从未体味过的隐痛，才不得不罢休。
“啊，天哪，”他想，“我怎么单单挑上这么一个累人的差使呢！长年累月到处奔波，比坐办公室辛苦多了。
再加上还有经常出门的烦恼，担心各次火车的倒换，不定时而且低劣的饮食，而萍水相逢的人也总是些泛泛之交，不可能有深厚的交情，永远不会变成知己朋友。
让这一切都见鬼去吧！”他觉得肚子上有点儿痒，就慢慢地挪动身子，靠近床头，好让自己头抬起来更容易些；他看清了发痒的地方，那儿布满着白色的小斑点，他不明白这是怎么回事，想用一条腿去搔一搔，可是马上又缩了回来，因为这一碰使他浑身起了一阵寒颤。
他又滑下来恢复到原来的姿势。
“起床这么早，”他想，“会使人变傻的。
人是需要睡觉的。
别的推销员生活得像贵妇人。
比如，我有一天上午赶回旅馆登记取回定货单时，别的人才坐下来吃早餐。
我若是跟我的老板也来这一手，准定当场就给开除。
也许开除了倒更好一些，谁说得准呢。
如果不是为了父母亲而总是谨小慎微，我早就辞职不干了，我早就会跑到老板面前，把肚子里的气出个痛快。
那个家伙准会从写字桌后面直蹦起来！他的工作方式也真奇怪，总是那样居高临下坐在桌子上面对职员发号施令，再加上他的耳朵又偏偏重听，大家不得不走到他跟前去。
但是事情也未必毫无转机；只要等我攒够了钱还清了父母欠他的债——也许还得五六年——可是我一定能做到。
到那时我就会时来运转了。
不过眼下我还是起床为妙，因为火车五点钟就要开了。
”
他看了看柜子上滴滴嗒嗒响着的闹钟。
天哪！他想到。
已经六点半了，而时针还在悠悠然向前移动，连六点半也过了，马上就要七点差一刻了。
闹钟难道没有响过吗？从床上可以看到闹钟明明是拨到四点钟的；显然它已经响过了。
是的，不过在那震耳欲聋的响声里，难道真的能安宁地睡着吗？嗯，他睡得并不安宁，可是却正说明他睡得不坏。
那么他现在该干什么呢？下一班车七点钟开；要搭这一班车他得发疯似的赶才行，可是他的样品都还没有包好，他也觉得自己的精神不甚佳。
而且即使他赶上这班车，还是逃不过上司的一顿申斥，因为公司的听差一定是在等候五点钟那班火车，这时早已回去报告他没有赶上了。
那听差是老板的心腹，既无骨气又愚蠢不堪。
那么，说自己病了行不行呢？不过这将是最不愉快的事，而且也显得很可疑，因为他服务五年以来没有害过一次病。
老板一定会亲自带了医药顾问一起来，一定会责怪他的父母怎么养出这样懒惰的儿子，他还会引证医。