施工组织设计外文翻译
施工组织设计英文版Construction Scheme for Subgrade Works
CHINA HARBOUR ENGINEERING COMPANYLIMITEDConstruction SchemeRio Grande BridgeK0+150～K0+240soft foundationreplacement treatmentWriter:_______________ Chief: ____________Unit:_________________ Date:_________________Directory1.project profile ------------------------------------------------------------------ 32.Construction preparation ---------------------------------------------------- 33.Construction scheme --------------------------------------------------------- 43.1construction technology --------------------------------------------- 43.2construction process ------------------------------------------------- 43.3construction method ------------------------------------------------- 53.4 water ditch excavation ---------------------------------------------- 63.5 clearance and excavation ------------------------------------------- 63.6 backfill and rolling compaction ------------------------------------ 74. Personal and machine arrangement ------------------------------------- 84.1 labor arrangement --------------------------------------------------- 84.2 machine and equipment -------------------------------------------- 95.Quality control precautions ----------------------------------------- 106. safety and environmental protection precautions ------------------ 136.1 safety protection precautions ----------------------------------- 146.2Environment protection precaution ---------------------------- 171.project profileThe soft foundation of this project is K0+150-K0+340, the surface is plough soil, soft plastic sludge fine sands with the max thickness of 3.0m, and backfilled with min thickness 0.3m and width 70m and the final elevation should not lower than the original ground, the backfilling material should adopt water permeability material like gravel and roadbed should be filled directly after that with a thickness 2.3~7.5m.According to the engineer geology of soft layer and roadbed elevation in design, it should take a comprehensive dispose to soft section, including first excavation of vertically and horizontally drain ditch, surface water, and backfill the water permeability material.The main project quality is soft foundation excavation 5700m3 and water permeability material gravel 5700m3.2.Construction preparationIt should check the onsite or underground obstacles like underground cables, high-tension wire, communication cables and clear them out according to conditions.2.1“four supplies and one leveling ”Supply of water, electricity and road and leveled ground should be done on the construction site. The construction water, domestic water should adopt local well water; the construction and household power should be supplied by special line; the shortcut should be used as road and be sure that varies of cars and person can pass through with a regular maintenance to keep unblocked.2.2technology preparationThe construction drawings should be reviewed first and explained to the construction stuff after approval.2.3material preparationIt should investigate the backfilling material resources around and make storage to make sure the continual construction.3.Construction scheme3.1construction technologyReview the construction drawings design and relevant documents—construction preparation (store exchange fill water permeability material)—survey layout—drainage ditch set—soft soil and sludge removal—foundation check—exchange fill the water permeability material by layer—compact by layer3.2construction process3.3construction method53.1.1survey layoutThe control point should be retest and encrypted according to the design cross point to ensure the quantity of the lead wire point and level point, in that case the mutual check work will be more convenient during construction. The calculation of pile coordinates should be made according to the horizontal curve data in drawings, the layout will be made after checking the data and the location of roadbed mid-pile and side pile should be marked with a space 20m by lime.3.4 water ditch excavationFirst the drain water ditch should be excavated at the sides and middle of the roadbed to make sure that watering unblocked before soft foundation dispose and excavated at the soft section vertically and horizontally connecting with the geography elevation, as to some individual section, it should dewatering by the sumps in the soft foundation scope to make a advantage for subsequent soft foundation dispose.The location of soft foundation dispose and temporary drainage ditch layout please see below drawings:3.5 clearance and excavation3.5.1 The soft soil or sludge should be removed and bottom should be leveled. It should set a step or gentle slope if the bottom of the soft soil has a big curve. The excavation width should not less than the width of embankment and direct excavation and 50 cm wider than the side ditch border. After the soft foundation removed, the next process can only be carried on after the supervisor’s approval.3.5.2With the increment of the excavation depth, the drainage ditch should be deepened, the pit dewatering should be used for the sectionwhere has drainage difficult to protect the roadbed from soaking.3.5.3 It should be dewatered first when there’s a slope on the bottom, the foundation should be made as a counter-slope step with a more than 1m width after the soft soil removal.3.6 backfill and rolling compactionThe thickness of every backfilling layer should be less than 30cm and the process is as follow:After finish the soft bottom excavation and approved, the bottom should be leveled, back cover by qualified material with a thickness of 30~50cm and compacted by a degree above 85%.3.6.1 Layout: it should layout before the first layer backfill and marks the loose pavement thickness by lime and surveys elevation of every point for future use.3.6.2 Material transport: it should adopt the dumper car and excavator to transport the backfilling material and keep the construction road unblocked. Try to short the transport duration to ensure the excavator and roller can work continuity. It should level every layer backfilling material and set 2% transverse slope at both sides and roll timely especially in rain season. The roadbed should be backfilled by layer with a thickness of 30cm at one time.3.6.3 Spread, level and roll: the backfilling material should be leveled by bulldozer first and by person at difficult places. During compaction, it should notice the backfilling transverse slope and roll by vibroll after leveling. When rolling, it should along the longitudinal line from low to high level and fast followed by slow, from sides to middle at the straight section, from inside to outside at the curve section. First it should be rolled without vibration by 3.0~3.5km/h, then light vibrationby 2.0~2.5km/h and rolled with heavy vibration by 1.5~1.8km/h. The special person should be arranged to time, observe and control the rolling speed, track to ensure the overlap between 40~50cm. It should check the compaction degree and survey point elevation, record and calculate the compaction degree and loosen coefficient from the third time rolling compaction (The individual data should not be used in the loosen coefficient calculation). Take the followed measures to the backfilling materials in order to meet the requirements of every test standards: when the water content of backfilling materials is lower it can watering in the material site; when closer to the best content it should be spread with soil and rolled as soon as possible; when higher it can be rolled until dry enough. The rolling width should be 0.3m wider than the design roadbed width at both sides until meets the requirements of the specifications. Draw the compaction degree and rolling times relation schema. It should record the required rolling times, the speed and vibrating mode of rollers, compare the compacted thickness and loose pavement thickness, and compare the adopted pavement thickness to get the loose pavement coefficient and adopted loose pavement thickness.4. Personal and machine arrangementSoft foundation disposal roadbed construction team is responsible for the construction and the chief principle is in charge. The main management stuff includes roadbed engineer, QC engineer, safety man, material man, tester, and surveyor. The personal and machine arrangement details , please see the below tables.4.1 labor arrangementTable 4-1 roadbed labor arrangement table4.2 machine and equipmentTable 4-2 quantity list of main machines and equipments5. Quality control precautions5.1 According to the project requirement, construction explanation should be conducted prior to the commencement of work. After the completion of each construction section, we should request inspection and evaluation. We should strictly obey the quality management assurance system which is shown as followsQuality management assurance system112. Material quality control1) Material department should draw up the purchase plan according to the material supply application and relevant regulations. The supplier should be qualified for productivity and quality.2) Material should be with quality certification and sampled before using. If testing items are beyond the ability of testing lab, these should be sent to other qualified testing center.3. Construction control1) Key quality controlMaterial quality and critical procedure quality should be the key parts of quality control. Quality inspection document should be in on the basis of relevant standards and specifications.2) Three-grade inspection system should be conducted. The three- grade inspection refers to self-inspection, acceptance inspection and particular inspection.3) establish quality double check system to eliminate quality accident. Quality control seminar should be carried out frequently to promote the increasing of quality4) rewards and penalty system should be formed and implemented.4. testingTesting center should be with qualified test clerk and equipment.5. survey and concealed work acceptance1) Survey equipment should be checked by responsible survey engineer. Qualified equipment should get the acceptance letter before using.Survey equipment should accept frequent check to insure its measurement.Survey crew should include a survey engineer who is the responsible person for new-tech training.Constructor, survey engineer as well as chief engineer should check the measurement one by one.6. concealed work acceptanceConstructor should request inspection for the concealed work. After acceptance it should be moved to the next construction step.7. measuring equipment checkingTesting equipment and measuring equipment should accept checking weekly to insure its accuracy.8. professional personnelAll the construction personnel should be the qualified skilled person.Prior to the commencement of construction, all the stuff should acknowledge the construction technical documents, drawing as well as specifications.9. quality recording logQuality log should be the reflection of real construction quality. after the inspection, It should be filled in proper format on time and kept by responsible person and stored in reference room.Progress: constructor should record the construction progress and conduct quality inspection. Quality engineer should conduct the double check and make evaluation. Chief engineer should exam the record and then pass it to the recording management personnel to bookbind. When it get the acceptance of owner, quality supervision center and superior department, it can be stored in the reference room.6. safety and environmental protection precautions6.1 safety protection precautions1)Safety control group composed of project manager who are as the group leader), vice manager, chief engineer, dispatcher, site engineer, site forman who are as the group member.2)One full-time safety administrator (with the qualified safety management license), two on-site full-time safety inspector should occupy in safety control works.3)The leader of construction team should be part-time safety control administrator and construction engineer should be part-time safety inspectors4)Safety control management system shows as following tree diagramSafety control management system155) On-site safety precautions i(1) On-site safety control mandatory requirementsProject department safety control plan and progress should submit to owners and supervision engineers and acquire their approval. Project department should agree the additional regulations put forward by owners or supervision engineers and the following mandatory requirements should be implemented on site:①if people(including visitors, party representatives, materials, transportation workers) didn’t wear protective articles, they should not be allowed to enter the construction site.②all the moving parts of machinery, equipment or electrical tools must be installed protective cover to prevent contact with the body.③all the temporary distribution box should be grounded and installed earth-leakage circuit-breaker.④all the equipment should be operated by qualified licensed operator.⑤all special equipment should be operated by qualified licensed operator.⑥before the commencement ,all equipments should be tested by qualified inspector and the equipments should attach check tag .（2）Power supply management①construction, maintenance as well as remove of temporary power line should operate by professional electrician②electrician should acknowledges equipment property and safe use of electricity.③Operator should wear protective articles before the commencement of operation and check electric apparatus as well.Equipment should be confirmed running in good condition④Switch should be turn off to stop the equipment and switch box need to be locked.⑤Equipment load line, zero line and switch box need to be inspected by professional personnel. If any problem was found, it should be reported and solved immediately.⑥Before any remove, power supply should be cut off .（3)Hurricane precautions①during hurricane season , project department should have a persons on duty to listen to weather ,tropical storm and hurricane forecast everyday.②project department should accept and obey the instruction of superior department.③ According to the weather forecast of hurricane or tropical storm, the leadership group should hold a meeting to establish a emergency measures against hurricane.④project section should form an anti-hurricane rescue team, if hurricane visited ,rescue team should take positive action according to plan.⑤communication should be smooth. Any progress should report to relevant department. If necessary, project department should ask for proper assistance.6.2Environment protection precautionGuidelinesStuff should comply with environmental and occupational health management laws and regulations, standards and procedures and conduct the duty and commitment which is covered in the contract.During construction work stuff should save energy and reduce resource consumption and prevent environmental pollution incidents.Everyone should participate in the complementation of environment protection precaution and eliminate hidden risks to prevent the accident.Environmental and occupational management system should be constantly improved.1）Environmental management of construction equipmentconstruction equipment should be operate by qualified personnel .Equipment should be running, loading by the required ways and procedures. Operation time should be limited to prevent the noise and air pollution, waste gas should be tested before discharge and oil cotton or other toxic trashes should be central treated. All construction equipments are not free to discharge sewage, oil or other wastes to prevent pollution of nearby water sources.2）Environmental protection precaution and work site amenityConstruction design should include the content of environmental protection precaution of gas, sewage, sludge, dust, radioactive substances, noise and other environmental pollution hazards.The awareness of environment protection, resources conserving and ecology balancing should be raised to minimize the negative construction impaction.The environment safety condition should be evaluated to eliminate the safety hazards. Construction site should be leveled and project department should be safe, tidy and sanitary and greening. no sludge water. Road access should be hardened and sewage-free with a sprinkler to reduce the dust.Construction machineries and Vehicles Park tidily at specified place, maintain daily to keep them in good condition. Fixing machineries need temporary shed; working plot needs flat and solid with no sundries.Daily safety inspection, entrance registration and flare approval system should be implemented on construction site, living zone and auxiliary zone. Fire-prevention warning sign and fire fighting facilities should be shown at the construction site and living zone .3）According to the pollution hazards have been identified and environment control goals, the enterprise and inferior leadership, work team shall sign their letters of responsibility for environmental control to ensure that tall environmental control indicators are under control.4）According to the identified environmental factors, environmental protection precautions and management programs should be established. During the construction progress, major environmental pollution factors are as follows: noise of pile boring, vibrating and heavy trucks; Air pollution of sand, cement transportation, storage and the use and waste gas discharged by vehicle .water pollution of kitchen, toilet, bathroom sewage; solid waste of construction waste living waste.5）Stuff environmental educationNew labor should accept safety education as well as environmental protection education to raise their pollution control awareness Before the construction commencement, all construction stuff should accept environmental protection education to raise the self awareness of environmental protection. Technicians and environment inspector should acknowledge the environmental pollution factors and make a detailed explanation to construction workers and all workers should sign and implement the environmental precaution acceptancenotification or environmental protection agreement. Every technician is in charge of the establishment and supervising of the environmental protection precaution.Waste water, garbage should be discharged into the required location that local government permitted.Dust should be controlled according to requirement of the local government and the dust should be less than 250mg per cubic meter.Fire accident and explosion accidents should be prevented.。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译最新译文
文献出处: Phillip Yetton. The Study of Construction Organization Design [J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2015, 9(2): 33-43.原文The Study of Construction Organization DesignAuthor: Phillip YettonAbstractBuilding construction is a complex work, huge building products, the production cycle is long, is a collection of architectural art, architecture, function, structure, decoration, water supply, power supply, intelligent system for a wind. Need to complete a project unit, type of work well together, and in the process of implementing, also under the influence of various subjective and objective conditions around. In order to meet the quality, cost, time limit for a project, under the premise of safety goal task to complete a project, must according to the requirement of the construction unit and the characteristics of the proposed construction project, the various raw materials on the basis of full investigation, compile an used to guide the whole process of technology, economy and management of project construction comprehensive document, this document is the construction organization Keywords: Construction; Organization design; Project cost1 IntroductionConstruction organization design is a construction project for the object establishment, to guide the project bidding, construction contracts, construction preparation, construction installation until the whole process of the final acceptance of the technology, economy and management comprehensive document, is to ensure that project smooth implementation effective programmatic document. Construction organization design is proper or not, will directly relate to the quality of the proposed construction project, cost, time limit, safety, etc. The smooth realization of the intended target. With the development of The Times, modern engineering project scale and the demand is higher and higher, project management has become increasingly complex, and the construction organization design also put forward higher requirements. The construction organization design, construction organizationdesign in the bidding documents, also known as technical standard, but the construction organization design not only contains the content of the construction technology, but also covers the project management and investment control, is a comprehensive document. In the beginning used for planned economy in our country s construction organization design, during the course of decades of operation, to standardize the project management has played a vital role. At present, the construction organization design has become a indispensable in the bidding and the construction of the organization of a file. But in the process of establishment and implementation of the construction organization design, try to guide due to lack of special specifications, different regions, different enterprises of different construction organization and design of the proposed requirements, combined with different construction enterprise management level, the differences between the technology and equipment, and personnel quality, leading to the establishment and management of construction organization design is uneven, at present still exist, such as the contents stylized, generalization, and perform a series of problems such as too casual, these are seriously affecting the normal role in the construction organization design and construction enterprise trans-regional management bring certain difficulties.2 Construction organization designs of the application and developmentIn 1928, the Soviet union in the process of building the Diaper river hydropower station, construction personnel compiled the first relatively complete construction organization design, through the implementation has obtained the remarkable result, then set up the specialized research institute for the study of the theory of the construction organization design and promotion to the practice of project management step by step. In the 1940 s, the United States will develop the first atomic bomb mission as a project to manage, named "Manhattan project", but only pay attention to the project management plan and coordination. Appeared in the late 1950 s, the United States on the key route method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and other new technology, marked the project management method has formed some scientific system, but this time is mainly used in national defense industry. Will promote system research project management as a discipline began inthe 1960 s, in Europe as the main body of international project management association (IPMA) and American project management institute (PMI) in which a large amount of effective work, in order to promote the development of project management has played a positive role. In the 70 s of the 20th century, project management rapidly around the world, the application scope is from the military and aerospace project extended to the general civil projects. In addition to plan, coordinate, control, project management of contracts, progress, safety, cost, quality, risk, etc are given more attention, gradually formed the framework of modern project management. At present, the project management to become the international architectural project construction management general form.In the field of engineering construction, the appearance of many new changes in the construction organization and management: the project legal person responsibility system, the establishment of the system of bidding and project supervision system, combining government guidance price and the market price of construction market price reform, such as "FID1C contract conditions", computer application as the core of the development of modern management mode, etc., this a series of changes have put forward the new requirements of construction organization design, construction organization design is a new trend of development. Main show is: combined with design; With the advanced construction technology, construction method; The widely used of computers and network, the development trend of construction organization design, is to meet the needs of the construction enterprise market share. In a word, the requirement of the construction contract and the requirements of the construction enterprise benefit maximization.3 The basic theory of construction organization design3.1 The construction organization design task and roleConstruction organization design is planning to guide the whole process from construction preparation until the completion inspection and acceptance of the proposed construction project of the technology, economy and management of comprehensive files. It should reflect the design and use requirements of the proposed construction project on the one hand, on the other hand and accords with the objectivelaw of construction, the construction process have the effect of strategy or tactics. Overall planning, formulation of construction organization design must fully consider the actual situation and construction of the proposed construction project characteristics, scientific and reasonable organization construction, make full use of space, time and other factors, the use of advanced construction methods and construction technology, strive for with the minimum consumption of manpower and material resources and other resources to obtain the best economic benefits.3.2 The content of the construction organization designAccording to the engineering properties, scale, structure characteristics, technical complexity, construction conditions and demands of the construction unit, the depth of the construction organization design and content is also different, but a complete profile should include compilation basis, project construction organization design, construction deployment, construction progress plan, construction preparation and resource allocation plan, main construction scheme, construction site layout and construction management plan, etc.Compilation basis is an important part of the construction organization design, is to determine the construction organization design, the premise of other content on the basis of accurate or not is related to the establishment can work smoothly and the quality is good or bad, related to the construction organization design can better play the role of guidance in the construction. Project summary is equivalent to the total of the proposed construction project, this paper mainly introduces general situation of engineering construction, the professional design and construction conditions. Deployment of construction is the construction organization design of the programmatic document, is to the whole project implementation process to make overall planning and reasonable arrangement, including project management organization, project management goal, the construction task partitioning, the period of the division of water and the construction process, key and the difficulty in the construction and countermeasures, etc. The construction organization design construction deployment for other content, you need to write. Construction schedule plan is to ensure to achieve the goals of the construction period, starting and endingtime of various construction process of the construction sequence, and the mutual connection relationship of overall planning and arrangement, generally in the form of crossing graph or network graph to express, is the basis of all kinds of resource allocation plan, etc.4 The implementation of the construction organization designThe compilation of construction organization design is only for the implementation of the proposed project provides a feasible scheme. How the plan detailed technical and economic effect, but also must through the implementation of the project to verify. The enforcement of the construction organization design, which will develop a plan of the static scheme, in a constantly changing dynamic construction environment, whether the inspection effect to the expected goal. So the construction organization design and implement of far-reaching significance for the realization of the project goals should do the following several aspects:4.1 Clarification construction organization designAfter the construction organization design has been verified, before formally started to make a detailed technical clarification step by step and fill in the "construction organization design disclosure form". Disclosure by clarification will, written disclosure forms, such as focus on the content of the construction organization design, requirements, difficulties and guarantee measures step by step to implement down, at the same time for all involved in the project construction under the guidance of related units in total control, to develop a more detailed work plan, ensure the implementation of the construction organization design.4.2 Improve the system of enterprise managementPractice has proved that construction organization design can be implemented smoothly, to a large extent depends on the construction enterprise technology, management of quality and enterprise management level, establish and perfect the management system of the construction enterprises of various or not is the sign of enterprise quality and staff level. Only by construction enterprises to establish and perfect the reasonable management system and strictly enforced, to ensure the normal implementation of construction projects, ensure the smooth implementation ofconstruction organization design.4.3 Establish strict appraisal systemConstruction enterprises shall implement situation of the construction organization design into construction project assessment category, clear the responsibility of the personnel at all levels, set up technical and economic contract responsibility system, in the process of construction inspection on the implementation of construction organization design, construction technology, economic responsibility and material interests of the worker, such as the calculation technology progress prize, the time limit for a project in advance award, etc., to ensure that comprehensively implement the construction organization design.4.4 To be prepared for constructionConstruction preparation is important to ensure the smooth implementation of the construction organization design. In order to ensure the smooth construction of the engineering and the normal conduct of construction activities, not only before the start, and in the whole construction process is to do well the preparation of the corresponding human, material and financial resources, actively for the construction of the project is to create favorable conditions, the construction of the initiative, guarantee the construction systematically, thus ensuring the construction organization design be carried out in a timely manner, improve the construction enterprise economic benefits and social benefits.译文施工组织设计问题研究Phillip Yetton摘要建筑工程施工是一项复杂的工作，建筑产品体积庞大，生产周期长，是一个集建筑艺术、建筑功能、建筑结构、装饰装修、供水供电、釆暖通风、智能系统为一身的综合体。
施工组织设计英文文献翻译 施工组织设计英语翻译 模板
CONSTRUCTION PLANNINGConstruction planning is a basic and challenging activity in the management and execution of project construction. It involves the choice of technology, the definition of work tasks, the estimation of resources and duration required for a single task, and the identification and definition of the interweaving of different work tasks. A good construction planning design is the basis for the budget and work plan. Even if the plan is not written or the plan is formally recorded in other ways, developing a construction planning design is a key task in construction management. In addition to these technical aspects of construction planning design, it may also be necessary to make organizational decisions about the relationships between project participants, and even the relationships between organizations to be included in the project. For example, the extent to which subcontractors are used on a project is often determined during the design of the construction planning.Developing a construction planning design is a very challenging task. The planner starts with the result (that is, the design of the facility) and must synthesize the steps needed toarrive at the result. The basic aspects of construction planning design include generating the required activities, analyzing the meaning of these activities, and choosing among various other ways of performing the activities. Construction planners are also faced with the normative issue of choosing the best of many alternatives. The planner must imagine the final facility described in the plan and specifications.When designing the construction planning, it usually focuses on cost control or schedule control, as shown in the figure below.Some projects are mainly divided into expense categories with associated costs.In these cases, the construction planning design is cost or expense oriented. In the expenditure category, a distinction is made between costs incurred directly in the execution of anactivity and costs indirectly used to complete the project. For example, borrowing costs for project financing and indirect projects are often considered as indirect costs. For other projects, it is important to schedule work activities over time and to emphasize this during the planning process. In this case, planners will ensure that proper priority is maintained between activities and that effective resources are effectively scheduled. Traditional schedulers emphasize maintaining task priorities (causing a critical path scheduler) or efficient use of resources over time (causing a job shop scheduler). Finally, most complex projects need to consider both cost and schedule, so planning, monitoring, and record keeping must consider both. In these cases, the integration of schedule and budget information is a major issue.施工组织设计施工组织设计是项目施工的管理和执行中的一项基本且具有挑战性的活动。
有关施工组织设计 英文译文与原文
英文译文与原文学院工程技术学院专业、班级土木工程1011 姓名杜军斌学号 ********** 指导老师刘强职称教授第一篇Civil engineering introduction papersAbstract: the civil engineering is a huge discipline, but the main one is building, building whether in China or abroad, has a long history, long-term development process. The world is changing every day, but the building also along with the progress of science and development. Mechanics findings, material of update, ever more scientific technology into the building. But before a room with a tile to cover the top of the house, now for comfort, different ideas, different scientific, promoted the development of civil engineering, making it more perfect.[key words] : civil engineering; Architecture; Mechanics, Materials.Civil engineering is build various projects collectively. It was meant to be and "military project" corresponding. In English the history of Civil Engineering, mechanical Engineering, electrical Engineering, chemical Engineering belong to to Engineering, because they all have MinYongXing. Later, as the project development of science and technology, mechanical, electrical, chemical has gradually formed independent scientific, to Engineering became Civil Engineering of specialized nouns. So far, in English, to Engineering include water conservancy project, port Engineering, While in our country, water conservancy projects and port projects also become very close and civil engineering relatively independent branch. Civil engineering construction of object, both refers to that built on the ground, underground water engineering facilities, also refers to applied materials equipment and conduct of the investigation, design and construction, maintenance, repair and other professional technology.Civil engineering is a kind of with people's food, clothing, shelter and transportation has close relation of the project. Among them with "live" relationship is directly. Because, to solve the "live" problem must build various types of buildings. To solve the "line, food and clothes" problem both direct side, but also a indirect side. "Line", must build railways, roads, Bridges, "Feed", must be well drilling water, water conservancy, farm irrigation, drainage water supply for the city, that is direct relation. Indirectly relationship is no matter what you do, manufacturing cars, ships, or spinning and weaving, clothing, or even production steel, launch satellites, conducting scientific research activities areinseparable from build various buildings, structures and build all kinds of project facilities.Civil engineering with the progress of human society and development, yet has evolved into large-scale comprehensive discipline, it has out many branch, such as: architectural engineering, the railway engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, special engineering structure, water and wastewater engineering, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environment engineering disciplines. [1]Civil engineering as an important basic disciplines, and has its important attributes of: integrated, sociality, practicality, unity. Civil engineering for the development of national economy and the improvement of people's life provides an important material and technical basis, for many industrial invigoration played a role in promoting, engineering construction is the formation of a fixed asset basic production process, therefore, construction and real estate become in many countries and regions, economic powerhouses.Construction project is housing planning, survey, design, construction of the floorboard. Purpose is for human life and production provide places.Houses will be like a man, it's like a man's life planning environment is responsible by the planners, Its layout and artistic processing, corresponding to the body shape looks and temperament, is responsible by the architect, Its structure is like a person's bones and life expectancy, the structural engineer is responsible, Its water, heating ventilation and electrical facilities such as the human organ and the nerve, is by the equipment engineer is responsible for. Also like nature intact shaped like people, in the city I district planning based on build houses, and is the construction unit, reconnaissance unit, design unit of various design engineers and construction units comprehensive coordination and cooperation process.After all, but is structural stress body reaction force and the internal stress and how external force balance. Building to tackle, also must solve the problem is mechanical problems. We have to solve the problem of discipline called architectural mechanics. Architectural mechanics have can be divided into: statics, material mechanics and structural mechanics three mechanical system. Architectural mechanics is discussion and research building structure and component in load and other factors affecting the working condition of, also is the building of intensity, stiffness and stability. In load, bear load and load of structure and component can cause the surrounding objects in their function, and the object itself by the load effect and deformation, and there is the possibility of damage, but the structure itself has certain resistance to deformation and destruction of competence, and the bearing capacity of the structure size is and component of materials, cross section, andthe structural properties of geometry size, working conditions and structure circumstance relevant. While these relationships can be improved by mechanics formula solved through calculation.Building materials in building and has a pivotal role. Building material is with human society productivity and science and technology improves gradually developed. In ancient times, the human lives, the line USES is the rocks andTrees. The 4th century BC, 12 ~ has created a tile and brick, humans are only useful synthetic materials made of housing. The 17th century had cast iron and ShouTie later, until the eighteenth century had Portland cement, just make later reinforced concrete engineering get vigorous development. Now all sorts of high-strength structural materials, new decoration materials and waterproof material development, criterion and 20th century since mid organic polymer materials in civil engineering are closely related to the widely application. In all materials, the most main and most popular is steel, concrete, lumber, masonry. In recent years, by using two kinds of material advantage, will make them together, the combination of structure was developed. Now, architecture, engineering quality fit and unfit quality usually adopted materials quality, performance and using reasonable or not have direct connection, in meet the same technical indicators and quality requirements, under the precondition of choice of different material is different, use method of engineering cost has direct impact.In construction process, building construction is and architectural mechanics, building materials also important links. Construction is to the mind of the designer, intention and idea into realistic process, from the ancient hole JuChao place to now skyscrapers, from rural to urban country road elevated road all need through "construction" means. A construction project, including many jobs such as dredging engineering, deep foundation pit bracing engineering, foundation engineering, reinforced concrete structure engineering, structural lifting project, waterproofing, decorate projects, each type of project has its own rules, all need according to different construction object and construction environment conditions using relevant construction technology, in work-site.whenever while, need and the relevant hydropower and other equipment composition of a whole, each project between reasonable organizing and coordination, better play investment benefit. Civil engineering construction in the benefit, while also issued by the state in strict accordance with the relevant construction technology standard, thus further enhance China's construction level to ensure construction quality, reduce the cost for the project.Any building built on the surface of the earth all strata, building weight eventually to stratum, have to bear. Formation Support building the rocks were referred to as foundation, and the buildings on the ground and underthe upper structure of self-respect and liable to load transfer to the foundation of components or component called foundation. Foundation, and the foundation and the superstructure is a building of three inseparable part. According to the function is different, but in load, under the action of them are related to each other, is the interaction of the whole. Foundation can be divided into natural foundation and artificial foundation, basic according to the buried depth is divided into deep foundation and shallow foundation. , foundation and foundation is the guarantee of the quality of the buildings and normal use close button, where buildings foundation in building under loads of both must maintain overall stability and if the settlement of foundation produce in building scope permitted inside, and foundation itself should have sufficient strength, stiffness and durability, also consider repair methods and the necessary foundation soil retaining retaining water and relevant measures.[3]As people living standard rise ceaselessly, the people to their place of building space has become not only from the number, and put forward higher requirement from quality are put car higher demands that the environment is beautiful, have certain comfort. This needs to decorate a building to be necessary. If architecture major engineering constitutes the skeleton of the building, then after adornment building has become theflesh-and-blood organism, final with rich, perfect appearance in people's in front, the best architecture should fully embody all sorts of adornment material related properties, with existing construction technology, the most effective gimmick, to achieve conception must express effect. Building outfit fix to consider the architectural space use requirement, protect the subject institutions from damage, give a person with beautifulenjoying, satisfy the requirements of fire evacuation, decorative materials and scheme of rationality, construction technology and economic feasibility, etc. Housing construction development and at the same time, like housing construction as affecting people life of roads, Bridges, tunnels has made great progress.In general civil engineering is one of the oldest subjects, it has made great achievements, the future of the civil engineering will occupy in people's life more important position. The environment worsening population increase, people to fight for survival, to strive for a more comfortable living environment, and will pay more attention to civil engineering. In the near future, some major projects extimated to build, insert roller skyscrapers, across the oceanBridges, more convenient traffic would not dream. The development of science and technology, and the earth is deteriorating environment will be prompted civil engineering to aerospace and Marine development, provide mankind broader space of living. In recent years, engineering materials mainly is reinforced concrete, lumber and brick materials, inthe future, the traditional materials will be improved, more suitable for some new building materials market, especially the chemistry materials will promote the construction of towards a higher point. Meanwhile, design method of precision, design work of automation, information and intelligent technology of introducing, will be people have a more comfortable living environment. The word, and the development of the theory and new materials, the emergence of the application of computer, high-tech introduction to wait to will make civil engineering have a new leap.This is a door needs calm and a great deal of patience and attentive professional. Because hundreds of thousands, even hundreds of thousands of lines to building each place structure clearly reflected. Without a gentle state of mind, do what thing just floating on the surface, to any a building structure, to be engaged in business and could not have had a clear, accurate and profound understanding of, the nature is no good. In this business, probably not burn the midnight oil of courage, not to reach the goal of spirit not to give up, will only be companies eliminated. This is a responsible and caring industry. Should have a single responsible heart - I one's life in my hand, thousands of life in my hand. Since the civil, should choose dependably shoulder the responsibility. Finally, this is a constant pursuit of perfect industry. Pyramid, spectacular now: The Great Wall, the majestic... But if no generations of the pursuit of today, we may also use the sort of the oldest way to build this same architecture. Design a building structure is numerous, but this is all experienced centuries of clarification, through continuous accumulation, keep improving, innovation obtained. And such pursuit, not confined in the past. Just think, if the design of a building can be like calculation one plus one equals two as simple and easy to grasp, that was not for what? Therefore, a civil engineer is in constant of in formation. One of the most simple structure, the least cost, the biggest function. Choose civil, choosing a steadfast diligence, innovation, pursuit of perfect path.译文：土木工程概论摘要：土木工程是个庞大的学科，但最主要的是建筑，建筑无论是在中国还是在国外，都有着悠久的历史，长期的发展历程。
施工组织设计（Constructionorganizationdesign）
施工组织设计（Construction organization design）Catalog1 general description of construction organization design 1 General situation of 1.1 project 1Brief introduction of 1.1.1 engineering project 1Features of 1.1.2 project 2Specific features and conditions of 1.1.3 construction site 3 1.1.4 owners and relevant departments require 41.2 compilation basis 51.2.1 engineering design document 51.2.2 site natural conditions 5Resource conditions in 1.2.3 area 52 construction deployment and construction scheme 62.1 construction deployment 62.1.1 construction organization and task division 62.1.2 construction zone 72.1.3 overall construction sequence arrangement 72.1.4 interchange, cast-in-place continuous beam construction sequence 82.1.5 Construction Schedule 82.1.6 construction traffic maintenance 82.2 construction scheme 92.2.1 bridge construction 9(five) precast beam cast-in-place wet joint construction 122.2.2 subgrade and Pavement Engineering 122.2.3 culvert engineering 132.2.4 drainage and protection works 132.2.5, the busy holidays, the rainy season construction measures 142.2.6 application of new technology, new technology 142.3 construction plan Annex (construction process diagram) 15Construction block diagram of 2.3.1 powder injection pile 152.3.2 subgrade filling construction technology block diagram2.3.3 pavement base construction process diagram base and base 15Construction process block diagram of 2.3.4 K12+883 frame culvert 152.3.5 stone door, small drainage engineering construction process diagram 152.3.6 bridge bored pile construction process block 15Construction process block diagram of 2.3.7 cast-in-place box girder 152.3.8 45m span prefabricated T beam installation construction process diagram 153 of the total construction schedule and project schedule plan 153.1 total construction schedule 153.2 schedule of individual project 163.3 guarantee measures for time limit 163.4 project investment plan curve 164 construction preparation work and resource requirement plan4.1 construction preparation work 174.1.1 organization technical preparation 174.1.2 construction site preparation 174.1.3 machine tools ready for 174.2 resource requirements plan 184.2.1 workforce requirements plan 184.2.2 construction material requirement plan 194.2.3 spare parts requirement plan 204.2.4 construction machinery requirements plan 214.2.5 construction saving measures 225 general layout of construction 225.1 temporary facilities layout 225.2 layout of construction pavement 225.3 the construction of water and electricity calculation and network layout 226 technical measures to ensure quality and safety 236.1 measures to ensure quality 236.1.1 quality objectives 236.1.2 quality assurance system 236.2 construction safety assurance measures 246.3 civilized construction and environmental protection, pipeline protection measures 246.3.1 environmental protection and civilized construction management system 246.3.2 civilized construction measures 256.3.3 pipeline protection measures 251 general description of construction organization designGeneral situation of 1.1 projectBrief introduction of 1.1.1 projectFirst, the overall situationGuangzhou Southern China South Road two phase project approved by the provincial and municipal government construction project, the project is located in the northeast of Guangzhoucity. The starting point of the project from Taihe Town and reservoir southwest side and the North Second Ring Expressway intersection and docking with the Beijing Zhuhai Expressway, the starting point for the K0+000, with the spring Kong, Taihe, Longdong, ash 4 interchange, a source of tunnel. Route south in Cen village and Southern China South Road phase I project, the end of the K14+760, a total length of 14.76 km. According to the distribution of key projects along the bridge, interchange, tunnel and so on, the project is divided into nine construction tenders, the bid section is ninth tenders. The construction tenders bidding mileage for the K12+848 ~ K14+760, the construction section of the expected construction period of 12 months.Two, construction scale and technical standardsAccording to the standard of two-way eight Lane urban expressway construction, the subgrade was built once, and the driving speed was 80km/h, and the standard subgrade width was 35.5m.Three. Route planFour. General situation of the projectThis section of the main span 1912km, cen Cun interchange ramp length 2.52355km. Subgrade Earthwork 199834 cubic meters,This section should debit 1426 cubic meters of asphalt concrete pavement (width 2 x 16m) 0.292km deck (2 x 15.5m) long 0.536km, statistics of asphalt pavement with Cen Cun interchange, thissection set No. 1 road bridge Cen Cun (K13 + 171.47 + K13 + 676.53), long 505.06m Cen Cun; No. 2 Road Bridge (K13909.72 ~ K14334.78), long 425.06m; D ramp bridge; the other is to connect the Changhong bridge; local road, No. 1, No. 2, a garden bridge.Characteristics of 1.1.2 projectThis project is mainly base engineering, bridge engineering, drainage engineering and protective engineering. The engineering features of the project are as follows:1, due to the project road and bridge and highway and local road intersection limit, there is a certain degree of difficulty in construction, especially the construction of cross highway. To keep the normal traffic, and lifting across Highway Large Prestressed T beam, and a phase two and phase change line construction, therefore, a reasonable allocation of the project is the most important feature is that traffic maintenance and construction arrangements, is the key to this project. Due to the difficulty of the implementation of this construction organization, our company specially formulated the construction organization scheme of traffic maintenance implementation.2, the large amount of prefabricated components of this project is relatively large.3, the site geological conditions are not very complicated.4, there is a certain traffic maintenance work.Specific features and conditions of 1.1.3 construction siteTopography and geomorphologySouthern China road two No. ninth line range K12848 ~ K14760, belongs to piedmont plain, on the west side of the mountain to the micro tilt transition to alluvial plain, elevation 20 ~ 30.0m. The eastern terrain is relatively flat and open, the surface is quaternary alluvial layer and residual layer, the basement is granite, the whole to strong weathering layer is thicker. Mostly for Southern China botanical garden nursery, Southern China Agricultural University test field and vegetable field, in the village near the overpass, the pond is densely filled, partly filled.Two. Geology and earthquake1. strata2. hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions3. unfavorable geological conditions and CountermeasuresAfter many investigations, no karst or landslide has been found in this section, but there are two kinds of special soil: soft soil and weak swelling soil. The stability and settlement of soft soil subgrade should be checked, and two sections of subgrade should be reinforced with powder jet pile composite foundation4. regional geological stability evaluation and earthquake5. the basic intensity of the earthquake in the bid section is6 degrees.1.1.4 owners and relevant departments requirementsFirst, the owner requirementsThe owners of the engineering project quality very seriously, we must create a "double excellence" activities in Guangzhou Southern China South Road, the two phase of the project, and put forward specific measures for the administration of. The organization must be implemented, and strictly according to the quality control standards for construction.Two. Design requirements for construction1. give priority to the bad geological area foundation treatment, including dredging, clear table processing, to win time for construction, to ensure the time limit for the project.2., do a good job in the construction organization plan, take full account of the local climate impact on the construction process, as far as possible to avoid earthwork construction during the rainy season and construction of cross river bridge foundation project in flood season.Three. Other requirementsOn the one hand, the highway construction can greatly improve the regional transportation conditions, promote economicdevelopment along, on the other hand has produced some adverse effects on the natural environment, thus strengthening environmental protection is an important link of highway construction.1.2 basis for compilation1.2.1 engineering design documentsGuangzhou City, two Southern China Road Engineering (City Road) No. ninth (K12+848 ~ K14+760, containing A, B, Cencun interchange C, D, M, Q ramp) construction organization design is mainly based on the following information and documents preparation:1. tender documents of ninth bid project of Southern China South Road two phase project (K12+848 to K14+760), Guangzhou Luqiao Southern China Industrial Co., Ltd., December 2001;2. Southern China South Road two phase project ninth bid construction tender questions and supplements, Southern China hair word [2001] 157th, two OO, December 8th;3. CJJ3-90 municipal drainage engineering quality inspection and evaluation standard;Technical specification for construction of 4. JTJ041-2000 highway bridge and culvert;Technical specification for subgrade construction of 5.JTJ033-86 highway;1.2.2 site natural conditionsThe water resources are rich in the area, though there is no large river, but the ditches are running continuously, and there are many reservoirs, fish ponds and so on along the channel. Most of the routes are close to the residential areas, and the economy in the area is developed, and the enterprises and institutions along the route are more.Resource conditions in 1.2.3 region1. road building materials2. hydropower supply conditions3. traffic conditions2 construction deployment and construction scheme2.1 construction deploymentComposition and task division of 2.1.1 construction organizationFirst, the organization of the project department as belowTwo. Responsibilities of each department and personnel in the project departmentThree, construction technology and on-site managementpersonnelMain members of construction organizationSerial number of titles, titles, construction experience related years notes1 Project Manager2 Project Deputy ManagerChief engineer of 3 project4 cost engineer5 Bridge Engineer6 Bridge Engineer7 Bridge Engineer8 road engineer9 road engineer10 mechanical engineer11 experimental Engineer12 financial controller13 planning statistical Engineer14 QC Engineer15 geological engineers2.1.2 construction subareaThe mileage of the project is DK12+848~DK14+760, the total length of the main line is 1912 meters. In addition, cen village interchange A, B, C, D, M, Q ramp and local road G line change. The total duration of the project is 12 months.I Division in full consideration of the characteristics of the project and the actual situation of the enterprise, carefully planned arrangements, in order to increase the working face and facilitate the management of the whole project will be divided into six areas of management and organization construction, these six districts are 1, II, III, IV, V District District and District VI, the district is responsible for construction:2.1.3 overall construction sequence arrangementMain points of construction sequence arrangementThe focus of this project, 1 of the three, one for the cen Cun 1# main road bridge; two Cen Cun 2# main road bridge; three Cen Cun Lane D.2, the construction of the sidewalk should focus on arrangements.Two. Brief description of construction sequence arrangement in each district1, zone I (K12+848~K13+170.97 segment). The main line is divided into three sections (North Bridge, bridge, bridge bridge north of the South), and in the bridge pile of steel bridge the earliest bridge, south of DJM pile and embankment with the corresponding project after the completion of the construction of the north. Cui yuan 2# small bridge to Cui source 1# bridge completed before construction.2, zone II (CEN Cun 1# main road bridge).3, District III (CEN Cun 2# main road bridge)4 and 4 zones (K13+677.03~K13+909.22 and K14+335.28~K14+760).5, V area (CEN village interchange D ramp)6, VI area (CEN village interchange on the other ramp)Construction sequence of 2.1.4 interchange and cast-in-place continuous beamFirst, the construction sequence of Cen village interchangeTwo. Flow chart of construction sequence of Cen village interchangeThree 、 construction sequence of cast-in-place beamFour. Construction sequence flow chart of cast-in-place beam2.1.5 construction scheduleNumber of individual project schedule control time limit1 I zone (K12+848~K13+170.97 section subgrade) January 24th ~6 27 August 30th2 Section II (CEN Cun 1# main bridge) in January 24th November 30th ~9 month 22 daysThe 3 District III (CEN Cun 2# main road bridge) February 18th November 30th ~9 204 IV zone (K13+677.03~K13+909.22 segment, K14+335.28~K14+760 segment) February 10th ~7 9 August 30th5 V district (CEN village interchange D ramp) February 20th ~12 18 December 18th6 VI area (GY line and interchange remaining ramp) January 24th ~11 4 November 30th2.1.6 construction traffic maintenanceAccording to the requirements of the tender documents, to maintain the project traffic, otherwise our special application group attached,Detailed description of "Southern China Road south two phase project ninth standard traffic maintenance construction organization design", here only briefly as follows:First, the traffic maintenance stage division of Cen village interchangeTwo, cross linkhighway hoisting.。
(完整word)施工组织设计英文文献翻译
Construction of the Project Management of the importance of organiza tion designAbstract: The construction organization is a construction project and guide the importanttechnical and economic documents。
Can regulate the construction workers，machinery ，raw materials, environment, technology，equipment, construction, installation, ma nagement, production and other conflicts, to supervise the construction and control of organizational design in order to ensure scientific and rational project high -quality，low cost, less the completion of energy。
Keywords: project management; construction organization；design; importance Construction design and project construction is an important document guidin g construction, construction enterprises are able to high-quality, high speed，low cost, low consumption of completed building projects to ensure effective measures ，but also strengthen the management, the importance of improving economic effici ency means, is also properly handle the construction workers，machinery，raw mat erials，methods，environment and technology and equipment，civil works and insta llation of collaboration，consumption and supply, management and production and ot her kinds of contradictions，scientific and rational，planned and orderly , the equilibrium organization of production and an important guarantee for project con struction.With the establishment of socialist market economy，an increasingly compe titive construction market，the objective situation of construction enterprises hav e become increasingly demanding, not only in technology and equipment, personnel q uality, the construction put forward higher requirements of the organizers, and en gineering economic management Pre—settlement work in the project is also facing new challenges. Strict construction market situation，some construction companies are not actively taken measures, p rofessional and technical staff is not updated，training, science and technology management level is very backward, with the preparation of construction design rev iew did not attract enough attention, so there will be the following common situ ations：(1）audit is not compiled before the start of construction organization d esign: not to pursue the construction of floor plans, materials, cluttered，movin g out of import of machinery and equipment, unplanned demand for labor, quality, security，construction without assurance measures，resulting in nest Workers ser ious waste management lower。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文.docx
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015, 3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equq)ment9 civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high quality, low cost, and lessEnergy consumption is conpleted.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1.The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like thenature of the plant is employed・The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacity allocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors, equq)ment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time・ This will result in the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule・From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2.The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include:project overview and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. For examp le, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price changes・ Under the premise of guaranteeing project quality and satisfying the owners use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction project cost2.1The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part of theconstruction engineering design documents・ It is the main basis for prq)aring the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents・ Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in determining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.2.2The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements・ It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine the basic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production without effectively solvingthe problem・・3.Index calculation and analysis of construction organizationdesignAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized・ As it is a yardstick for evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestions ・3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organization's design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations・(1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule・(3) Labor。
施工组织设计(英文)
1.3.3
The third step: Sub-structure. According to the settlement joint between Embassy and Ambassador’s Residence, the foundation slab will be divided into two sections. Bedding Course, Water Proofing Work and Waterproof Protection Work will be carried out in flow process. Reinforcement, Formwork and Concrete will be carried out parallelly. The wall of basement and columns will be divided into three sections: Ambassador’s Residence- the first section, Embassy - the second section, Air Raid Shelter- the third section. The concrete wall of paking ramp will be completed during construction of super-structure. The formwork of the first section is 1580M2，by adding about 400m2, it will then be re-used for the top slab of the basement (the total sum is 1950m2). 288 pieces of modular plastic forms will be prepared for the waffle slab. The formwork of the second section will be re-uesed for the third section. Bamboo plywood will be used as the formwork. For details, please refer to Chapter 5.
工程施工组织设计外文翻译
题目：君山二期工程施工组织设计一、外文原文：1. Design project management1.1 Choosing the planning practiceChoosing a suitable planning practice is extremely important. Introducing a pre-qualification process provides essential insights about efficiency, specialist knowledge and quality: three to five applicants receive preliminary design documents and the building programme. Then interviews are held, reference evidence examined and the practices visited on the spot. But the key features are planning quality, knowledge of materials, degree of detail, and CAD and office equipment. The ability to coordinate building and technical planning is particularly relevant.1.2 Design and authorization planningCoordination and control of the planning process and content are particularly important in this planning phase. In no circumstances should planning in China be left to the design institute alone. Regular planning and coordination meetings examine the planning process in its entirety to ensure that guidelines and standards are being met. It is important to coordinate routing and to check for collision points.1.3 Working plansRegular coordination, control and support are also required at the final planning stage. Coordinating building and technical workers within the planning team is often a weak point as well. Important details and technical specifications have to be demanded. It is not usual in China to present details on a scale of 1:20 to 1:5, and these planning features have to be insisted on; a great deal of convincing argument will be needed.1.4 Invitation to tender and tender awardsTender documents drawn up to Chinese standards are less detailed than comparable Western tender documents. Considerable importance should be attached to detailed working drawings. Drawings should be ranked before tender documents. It is not permissible to insist on specific product makes. Materials must be described neutrallyin terms of product. This means that the building firm is able to use inferior materials without the client's agreement. This often results in buildings with serious deficiencies in quality and execution. To avoid these negative consequences, architects try to go beyond the standard guidelines to prevent the use of inferior quality materials. Also, Chinese planning and industrial standards are antiquated and do not yet meet national or international standards.As a rule, five to ten firms (general contractors or firms offering individual services) are invited to tender. Often foreign firms with branches in China are invited as well. Bids from such firms come out well above those of their Chinese competitors.After the bids have been evaluated, negotiations are conducted with the most reasonable bidders. Awards are decided on the basis of reference projects, quality of execution and evaluations of special proposals. Because the subsoil is so poor, the use of deep foundations on alluvial land is widespread. To gain time, the underground engineering work can be put out to earlier tender and award to specialist buildingfirms.1.5 Building and completion phaseThe legislation requires using local site supervision and a quantity surveyor (see Chapter B 2.2). Site supervision requirements are not the same as the standard German site supervision requirements laid down in HOAI, Phase 8. Chinese site supervision practices offer the following service pattern under the headings "quality monitoring" and "safety management":- examining the working plans- quality control for building materials- quality control for building plant and equipment- building site safety- checking current building progress- examining the qualifications of the building site personnel- demanding and examining inventory documentsOnly building sites that also convey an impression of an orderly approach can produce quality and work effectively. This includes cleanliness and safety. Chinese building sites need pioneering work in this field. It does not make any sense to compel the contractor to adopt a particular working programme that runs counter to his own ideas. It is in fact advisable to make concessions in order to make best use of the available production and fitting methods. Quality control starts even in the planning phase. In the actual building phase, care should be taken to ensure that the required materials are really used, and that product-specific fitting requirements are met.The contractor can make alternative proposals to the tender standards. These are examined and approved on the basis of specimens and references. It has turned out to be worthwhile to build specimen rooms before the actual building phase starts, to test the guidelines for details and materials and introduce improvements to materials and details in good time. It is essential to check and approve the quality of finish in the form of mock-ups before production begins for facades, roof areas and other criticalparts of the building.1.6 DocumentationThe quality control process ends with the correction of faults and the start-up phase. Buildings are officially accepted in China at the point of final acceptance. The quality bureau, the fire prevention department and the environmental health office have to approve in order to ensure successful acceptance. The as-complete plans should be drawn up by the planning practice, as the building firm usually delivers these too late, and in poor quality.1.7 CommunicationIt is a characteristic feature of Chinese building projects that a large number of participants have to work together, under pressure from deadlines and cost factors, on the basis of differing information from various locations. This creates the necessity for a "digital platform" that gives those involved in the project access to up-to-date documents and the ability to communicate with the same aims in mind and to keep up with the work as it needs to be done. But the project management team should have access to central scheduling and work monitoring, including reporting. These systems link those involved in the project, control the workflow, and distribute news, documents and information.2 Planning and building costs2.1 Quantity surveyingChinese quantity surveyors provide the same services as their English model. Quantity surveying is the generic term for cost planning and cost control. Quantity surveying includes tender award and contract management, both of which are part of the cost control process. The quantity surveyor is commissioned by the client directly and assists with planning and controlling project investment. He represents the client's financial interests throughout the entire course of the project. During the realization phase the quantity surveyor evaluates the level of work completed so that part payments and supplementary demands can be fixed, assists in warding off complaints, or evaluates and negotiates with the company over justifiable additional demands.Effective cost control is carried out within the project management framework. All the costings are noted in a cost monitoring system. Cost monitoring is not a passive system. Precise project control means that cost changes can be identified even in the initial phase. Causes and effects of measures affecting costs are conveyed to the project management team at an early stage so that counter-measures can be introduced where necessary.Cost reduction opportunities are largely exhausted by the end of the planning phase.The diagram makes it clear that realization decisions made in the early planning phases crucially influence fixing the cost framework. The importance of control increases when planning is concluded and during the realization phase.Despite the overwhelming volume of investment by Western standards, professional cost and schedule control rarely occurs in China. Moreover, clients who are commercially successful and put a great deal of money into building projects often have no knowledge of how to implement and control planning and building work, and often rely on their experience in other industries. Even though the predominant Chinese enterprise culture is not comparable with the Western world, professional project management will be indispensable in future if building investment is to accomplish its aims.二、外文译文：1.1选择一个切实可行的规划方式选择一个切实可行的规划方式是很重要的。
施工组织设计英文翻译
English Abstract(1) The building is a college building , located in Yancheng(NEIghborhood,Tinghu) , the gross floor area for 4800m2and land of structurion for 1800m2，six-storey low – rise, high levels of 3.2m,total building height of 22.05m , well – designed structure of the service life of 50years , seismic intensity 7 , wall materials for the Ceramsite cocerte hollow block .(2) Constrction of the ride south , construction isa flat – shaped ,symetrical layout . Dormitory on the south side of the other on the north side of the arrangement , reasonable layout , better lighting .(3) The construction organization plan is constructs the construction organization's core and the soul, is conceives to the engineering construction project entire process idea with the concrete arrangement, uses for to instruct construction item entire process each activity the technology, the economical and organization's comprehensive document. the this construction organization plan is aims at Yancheng students’ building project construction the Platform. When establishment to the project managementorganization establishment, the construction overall deployed that the construction preparation, the main branch sub-item project job practice, the project quality safeguard measure, the security and the civilized construction measure, the job location management measure and so on many factors considered fully as far as possible, prominent scientific nature, serviceability and pointed, is guaranteed that high quality, the low consumption, the security, civilized, complete completely the construction work important economical technical paper high speed. this design mainly includes the following content: The project construction organization designs, the Chinese and English translation, the construction floor-plan. In order to guarantee that the time, the quality and the security, the civilized work site, save conditions and so on cost, establishes the pointed construction organization plan, each branch sub-item project's characteristic, the structural feature, the construction difficulty degree time and the quality requirement, establish the practical and feasible plan of construction. Instructs the construction smoothlycost engineering project the construction, the control engineering cost, the foundation high quality project. key word: Project, construction.(4) Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be aleap-style development.People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than themechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.The application of a large number of steel products is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical industry, smelting and rolling out hightensile and compressive strength, ductility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then produce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the gradual emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, materialmechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel production, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.。
施工组织设计中英文外文文献翻译.docx
外文文献翻译文献出处：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015,3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equipment, civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high quality, low cost, and less Energy consumption is completed.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1.The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like the nature of the plant is employed. The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacity allocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors,equipment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time. This will result in the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule. From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2.The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include: project overview and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. For example, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price changes. Under the premise of guaranteeing project quality and satisfying the owner's use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction projectcost.2」The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part of the construction engineering design documents. It is the main basis for preparing the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents. Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in detennining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.2.2The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine the basic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production without effectively solving the problem..3.Index calculation and analysis of construction organization designAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized. As it is a yardstick for evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestions.3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organization's design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations. (1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule. (3) Labor imbalance coefficient. The ratio of the peak number of construction period to the average number of people. (4) Reduce the cost. Technical organization measures to lower the cost of price results. (5) Reduce the cost rate. The percentage of cost reduction in contracted costs. (6) The degree of construction mechanization. The ratio of the completion value of mechanical construction to the project contracting cost. (7) The degree of factory construction. Prefabrication plant (quarry, quarry) The ratio of the completed production value to the engineering contracting cost. (8) Proportion of temporary engineering investment. The ratio of all temporaryengineering investment and project contracting cost. (9) Proportion of temporary engineering expenses. All Temporary Project Cost Reducing Ratio of Charges and Engineering Contract Costs.3.3 Indicators Analysis. Compared with the historical actual level of similar projects, the construction organization design index can evaluate the effect of the construction organization design; The comparison of indicators of different construction organization design schemes can be used to optimize the program; The weighted values of previous indicators of the same type of previous projects can be analyzed, which can be used as the future The basis of bidding.4.Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of a socialist market economy, the competition in the construction market has become increasingly fierce, and the objective situation has become increasingly demanding for construction companies. Not only does it require higher requirements in terms of technical equipment, personnel quality, and construction organizers, but it also faces new challenges in engineering economic management. In the rigorous construction market situation, some construction companies did not actively take response measures and did not update or train employees1 professional skills. The management level of science and technology is quite backward. In addition, it did not pay enough attention to the preparation of auditing construction organization design. Therefore, the following common situations will occur:4.1There is no preparation of auditing before the commencement of the construction of the organization design: do not engage in the layout of the construction plan, the material indiscriminately put. There are no guarantee measures for the shipment of earth moving in and out, mechanical equipment, unplanned labor demand, project quality, and safe construction. The phenomenon of wasting waste from workers is serious and the management level is low.4.2Whether it is a professional to compile the construction organization design: In order to deal with the inspections of the superior department and supervision unit and Party A, the construction personnel shall design the construction organization design on behalf of the construction worker or the information officer. Because the data was not known about the current constnjction management but was recently arranged by the leadership, it had to be created and dealt with indiscriminately.4.3The level of construction organization design is low: Some construction companies do not understand the importance of the construction organization in the construction process, write down the subitem construction process, draw the floor plan, and the project schedule, and they think that it is the constmction organization, designed.4.4Technology Abandonment Economy: A considerable number of construction enterprise units are preparing the construction organization design. Only pay attention to the technical measures of each sub-project in the construction organization. The content of the economic indicators of the。
施工组织设计 英文书籍
施工组织设计英文书籍English:Construction Organization Design is a comprehensive book that covers the fundamentals and advanced topics in construction organization and management. It provides a detailed understanding of the principles and techniques of construction organization design, including project planning, scheduling, resource allocation, and risk management. The book also discusses the integration of technology and innovation in construction organization design, emphasizing the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and other advanced tools for improving construction productivity and efficiency. Additionally, it addresses the environmental and sustainability aspects of construction organization design, highlighting the importance of green construction practices and waste management. The book includes case studies and practical examples to enhance the reader's understanding and application of construction organization design principles in real-world projects.Translated content:《施工组织设计》是一本全面介绍施工组织和管理基础和高级主题的书籍。
施工组织设计英语文献翻译
Importance of construction organization designSummary:Construction work in the construction process, the construction organization scheme will not only directly affect project quality, duration and safety also has an important impact in the construction process. Construction organization projects and mentoring inconstruction of key technical and economic documents. Can regulate the construction people, mac hines, materials, environment, technology, equipment, construction, installation, management, pro duction and other conflicts , monitoring and control of the construction organization design , scien tific and reasonable assurance the completion of project of high quality, low cost, low energy cons umption.Key words:Project management construction management programme the importance Construction organizat ion design is the idea of the whole construction process of engineering construction project ideas a nd specific arrangements, organization and management of construction work is the heart and soul . Its aim is to enable high speed, high quality, efficiency. Engineering-best results when working in construction as a whole.1． Because of the importance of preparation of construction organization design Architectural engineering and construction with a fixed and liquidity, diversity and one-piece, for m a large and long construction period the three characteristics. Therefore, each construction engin eering construction organization design of construction must be carried out. This is because other general industrial products have their own fixed, long-term application factories. Building constru ction is characterized by mobility, impossible to build such a plant, only when each of the construc tion, and establishing an appropriate, provisional, as factory construction site preparation, namely, site. Constructioncharacteristics and construction of single pieces of mobility features, decided to select appropriate equipment for each construction and labor organizations. Construction technology of construction method of selecting, developing programmes and labour organizations and equipment configuratio n, collectively known as operation capacity configuration. Construction cycle features determines the labour supply of many material, equipment and technology is a long time, which raises the tota l progress plan of construction material that is appropriate for the construction organization design of technology content. It can be seen that is of considerable importance in construction organizati on design in project management.2 .Importance of construction organization designConstruction products as a commodity and engineering quality in project management plays a vita l role in the entire construction process. Construction organization design and engineering cost of construction projects has a close relationship. Construction organization design of basic content: p roject overview and analysis of construction conditions, implementation plan, construction technol ogy, construction progress plan and general plan of construction. Further economic analysis and c onstruction preparation plans. , Scheme and construction technology in construction of more impo rtant , such as : levels of selection, selection of transport method of construction machinery, earth-moving construction method and construction method and construction technology of main structu re of choice and so on , are directly affecting the estimated project price changes. In ensuring proje ct quality and meet the owners subject to the requirements and duration requirements , optimizingconstruction scheme and construction technology are important measures to control investment and reduce project cost and means.2.1 Construction organization scheme is to a large extent affect project quality, reasonable constru ction programme is not only to ensure that the basis for successful completion of the construction, safety basis. Construction organization design is an important part of construction design documen ts, is the main basis for preparation of the project investment budget and preparation of tender doc uments, the main frame of reference. Therefore, good job in construction organization design, corr ectly determine project cost, reduce engineering investment, thus enabling to control project cost would have a very important role.2.2 Construction organization plan of construction activities is an important means of implementing scientific management, it has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It r eflects the requirements of implementing the capital master plan and design provides all phases of construction preparation, coordination of construction during the construction project, the construc tion trade, the relationship between voluntary. Construction organization scheme must be accordin g to the product's characteristics and requirements, based on existing and possible securing constru ction conditions, realistic, determine how the basic combination of various factors of production, d oes not solve problems, it is impossible for any production.3 Construction design calculation and analysis of indicators Construction organization design sho uld be to establish which indicators are not unified, calculation or specification. Because it is the e valuation of construction organization design of the overall assessment of the effectiveness and the status of implementation, as well as project construction units ( project ) production and managem ent levels and to test the effectiveness of the basis. Must be given to, and made the following com ments.3 .1 Index system. Sets as far as possible reflect the construction organization design of index syst em of the target level of, and to facilitate the evaluation, examination, implementation.3 .2 Index calculation. (1) construction preparation phase. Starting from site preparation to the offi cial project for all time. (2) project duration. Arranged by unit engineering construction progress pl an of construction. (3) labour imbalance coefficient. During peak and the average ratio of the num ber of. (4) reduce the cost amount. Technical measures to reduce the cost of results. (5) reduce the cost rate. Cost reduction percentage of total contract costs. (6) construction mechanization. Mecha nical construction completed production and engineering contract cost ratio. (7) the level of indust rial construction.Precast factory ( sand excavation, quarries ) completed production and engineering contract cost ra tio. (8) the investment proportion of temporary works. All temporary works investment and engine ering contracts cost ratio. (9) cost of temporary works. All temporary works cost recovery fees and contract cost reduction ratio.3.3 Indicator analysis. Construction organization design of indicators as compared to similar proje cts historical actual levels, can assess the impact construction organization design; different indicat ors of construction organization design in contrast to optimum programme; analysis of the weighte d numerical indicator of previous similar projects could serve as a reference for future bidding aga in.4 Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of the Socialist market economy , building increasingly fierce market com petition , objective conditions on the construction enterprise requirements getting higher and higher. Not only in terms of technical equipment, quality of personnel, organizer of construction put for ward higher requirements, but also in engineering economics and management work engineering b udget and settlement also faces new challenges. Strict construction market situation, some constru ction companies do not have a positive response , had no update on staff expertise and training. Sc ience and technology management level quite backward. And for the preparation of construction o rganization design of audit did not attract enough attention. Therefore, there will be several comm on scenarios:4.1 Before commencement of construction organization design of auditing has not been prepared : not to engage in the construction of floor plans , materials of rubble lying around. Earthwork out of transport, machinery and equipment, quality of labor demand planning, engineering, constructio n without guarantees of security. Caused the serious waste of idling , lower levels of management.4.2 Is the professional preparation of construction organization design: to cope with higher autho rities and supervision units, the customer shall check and construction construction organization d esignfor information or addendum. Because the information simply don't know about now, construction management and leadership has recently arranged, had to make up indiscriminately to deal with.4.3 Low levels of construction organization design preparation: some construction units, do not understand the importance of construction organization in the construction process, write about th e construction process, draw a floor plan, project schedule , is considered to be construction organi zation plan.4.4 Abandoned technology economy: a considerable number of units at the time of preparation of construction organization design in construction enterprise. Only importance to the construction of the project of technical measures. Content does not take into account economic indicators , leadin g to projects completion settlement of disputes continue , causing economic losses. Therefore, the management of construction organization design: (1) the introduction of dynamic m anagementConstruction process, inevitably will encounter unexpected problems, such as impact, natural fact ors such as design changes, change field programmes of each stage of the construction process adj ustments must therefore be based on dynamic management of engineering field, not suitable for co nstruction organization design section must be modified, supplemented, optimization, to reach the established goal.(2) Implementation of hierarchical managementProject law construction of introduced, management layer and job layer separation, and fixed wo rkers gradually reduced of situation, will leads total contract and points package of phenomenon, b id units from past of directly management, and directly technology low-down, becomes indirect m anagement, and indirect technology low-down, therefore should according to construction organiz ation design for tiered management, clear total package and points package units, and managemen t layer and job layer of technology permission, and duties and work program.5 ． Closing remarksIn the construction of the project, be sure to oversight and control of the construction organization design to ensure project construction in order to prevent construction organization design of forma lity. Progress of the construction organization design of project quality, security, strong measures o f protection. In conditions of considerable resources to achieve economic benefit of the project an d achieve the win-win purpose construction and economic benefit.施工组织设计的重要性摘要：建筑工程在施工过程中，施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工程的质量，对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。
施工组织设计英文文献翻译
施工组织设计英文文献翻译Construction Organization Design - English Literature TranslationConstruction organization design is an essential aspect of construction project management. It involves the planning, coordination, and control of various activities and resources to ensure the successful execution of a construction project. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept by translating relevant English literature on the subject.1. IntroductionConstruction organization design refers to the systematic arrangement of responsibilities, authorities, communication, and resources within a construction project. It aims to optimize project performance while considering factors such as project objectives, scope, constraints, and available resources.2. The Importance of Construction Organization DesignEfficient construction organization design is crucial for the successful completion of a construction project. It helps in optimizing resource allocation, reducing project delays, improving communication, and enhancing overall project performance. A well-designed construction organization structure ensures that project tasks are assigned to the right individuals or teams, thereby maximizing productivity.3. Factors Influencing Construction Organization DesignVarious factors influence the design of construction organization, including project size, complexity, location, contractual agreements, and stakeholder requirements. The project manager must assess these factors and develop an organizational structure that fosters effective coordination, communication, and collaboration among project participants.4. Construction Organization Design ApproachesSeveral approaches can be adopted for construction organization design, depending on the project's unique characteristics. These include functional, project-based, matrix, and hybrid organizational structures. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, and the selection depends on the project's specific requirements.4.1 Functional OrganizationIn a functional organization, employees are grouped based on their areas of expertise, such as engineering, procurement, and construction. This structure promotes specialization and allows for efficient resource utilization. However, it may result in limited communication and coordination between functional units.4.2 Project-Based OrganizationIn a project-based organization, teams are assembled specifically for each project. This structure promotes effective communication and coordination among team members. However, it may lead to duplication of resources and increase project costs.4.3 Matrix OrganizationThe matrix organization combines the functional and project-based structures. It involves a dual reporting system, where employees have both functional and project managers. This approach enhances communication and coordination while maintaining functional expertise. However, it can also create conflicts between functional and project managers.4.4 Hybrid OrganizationA hybrid organization structure is a customized approach that combines elements from various organizational structures. It allows for flexibility and can be tailored to meet the specific needs of a construction project. The hybrid structure may combine functional, project-based, or matrix elements.5. Challenges in Construction Organization DesignDesigning an effective construction organization structure is not without challenges. These challenges include the need for interdepartmental coordination, the dynamic nature of construction projects, changing stakeholder requirements, project uncertainties, and cultural differences among workers. Project managers must address these challenges to ensure the smooth functioning of the construction organization.6. ConclusionConstruction organization design plays a vital role in the successful execution of construction projects. It involves the systematic arrangement of responsibilities, communication, and resources, considering various project factors. The choice of organizational structure depends on factors such as project size, complexity, and stakeholder requirements. By addressingchallenges and adopting a suitable organizational structure, project managers can optimize project performance and achieve project objectives.In conclusion, construction organization design is a critical aspect of construction project management. This article aimed to provide an understanding of the concept by translating relevant English literature. It discussed the importance of construction organization design, factors influencing the design, different approaches, challenges, and the significance of effective organization design in construction projects.。
施工组织设计摘要 中英
施工组织设计摘要中英Abstract of Construction Organization Design施工组织设计摘要Introduction:引言Construction organization design is a crucial aspect of any construction project. It involves the planning, coordination, and management of various activities to ensure the successful completion of the project. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of construction organization design, including its importance, key elements, and best practices.正文内容I. Importance of Construction Organization Design:一、施工组织设计的重要性1.1 Efficient Resource Allocation:1.1 高效的资源分配Effective construction organization design helps in the efficient allocation of resources. It involves identifying the required resources for each activity and ensuring their availability at the right time. This helps in minimizing delays, reducing costs, and improving overall project productivity.1.2 Optimal Work Sequencing:1.2 最佳工序安排Construction organization design also focuses on the optimal sequencing of work activities. By carefully planning the order in which tasks are to be performed, it ensures smooth workflow and minimizes conflicts or bottlenecks. This leads to improved project efficiency and timely completion.1.3 Risk Mitigation:1.3 风险缓解A well-designed construction organization plan considers potential risks and incorporates measures to mitigate them. It involves identifying potential hazards, developing contingency plans, and implementing safety protocols. This helps in ensuring the safety of workers, reducing accidents, and minimizing project disruptions.II. Key Elements of Construction Organization Design:二、施工组织设计的关键要素2.1 Work Breakdown Structure:2.1 工作分解结构The work breakdown structure (WBS) is a fundamental element of construction organization design. It involves breaking down the project into smaller, manageable tasks or activities. Each activity is assigned to a specific team or individual responsible for its execution. This helps in better coordination and control over the project.2.2 Communication and Collaboration:2.2 沟通与协作Effective communication and collaboration are essential for successful construction organization design. It involves establishing clear channels of communication, facilitating regular meetings, and promoting collaboration among different stakeholders. This ensures smooth information flow, timely decision-making, and effective problem-solving.2.3 Project Scheduling and Monitoring:2.3 项目进度安排与监控Construction organization design includes the development of a detailed project schedule and its regular monitoring. It involves identifying critical activities, setting milestones, and tracking progress. This helps in identifying potential delays or deviations from the plan and taking corrective actions in a timely manner.III. Best Practices in Construction Organization Design:三、施工组织设计的最佳实践3.1 Early Involvement of Key Stakeholders:3.1 早期涉及关键利益相关者Incorporating key stakeholders, such as architects, engineers, and contractors, in the construction organization design process from the early stages is crucial. Their input and expertise can help in identifying potential challenges, optimizing resource allocation, and ensuring the feasibility of the design.3.2 Use of Technology:3.2 应用技术Leveraging technology tools and software can greatly enhance construction organization design. Building Information Modeling (BIM), for example, allows for the visualization and simulation of the project, aiding in better decision-making and coordination. Project management software helps in scheduling, monitoring, and collaboration.3.3 Continuous Improvement:3.3 持续改进Construction organization design should not be a one-time activity but an ongoing process. Regular evaluation, feedback, and learning from past projects help in identifying areas for improvement. Implementing lessons learned and adapting to changing project requirements leads to enhanced efficiency and better project outcomes.IV. Conclusion:四、结论In conclusion, construction organization design plays a crucial role in the successful execution of construction projects. By efficiently allocating resources, optimizing work sequencing, and mitigating risks, it ensures timely completion, cost-effectiveness, and safety. Incorporating key elements and following best practices can further enhance the effectiveness of construction organization design. Therefore, it is essential for project managers and stakeholders to give due importance to this aspect of project planning and execution.总结施工组织设计在施工项目的成功执行中起着关键作用。
施工组织设计(中英文对照)
目录Contents一、编制说明Explanation to the Compilation (2)二、工程概况Project Profile (6)三、施工准备Preparations for the Commencement (9)四、项目组织管理机构The Project Administration Organization (14)五、土建部分主要施工方法The Main Construction Method for the Civil Work (21)六、装饰装修工程主要施工方法The Main Construction Method for Finishing Work (46)七、安装部分主要施工方法Main working plan for installation (52)八、季节性施工措施Working plan for seasonality (65)九、质量保证措施Quality guarantee measurement (68)十、工期保证措施The steps for time limitation guarantee (73)十一、安全生产措施Security Production Measurement (76)十二、现场文明施工措施Field civilization working measures (86)十四、工程资料的整理及归档project material settling and filing (90)十五、工程回访维修制度Project revisit repair system (91)十六、施工总平面布置图The layout of the jobsite (92)十七、形象进度计划表Schedule Chart (94)附图:施工现场平面布置图附表：总的施工进度计划表一、编制说明Explanation to the Compilation1.1综合说明Comprehensive Explanations首先，我们诚恳地表示：我们将全心全意为业主服务，服从业主、监理的管理，和设计单位、各分包单位一起共同完成本项目的建设任务.我们通过认真学习和研究招标文件及有关图纸资料,并踏勘施工现场，在分析了各种外部环境和内部条件，以及工程施工的特点以后,我们有充分的信心保证高质量、如期、全面完成本工程招标文件规定的工程范围的任务。
施工组织设计摘要 中英
施工组织设计摘要中英Abstract of Construction Organization Design施工组织设计摘要Introduction:引言Construction organization design is a crucial aspect of any construction project. It involves planning and coordinating various activities to ensure the smooth execution of the project. In this article, we will discuss the importance of construction organization design and its key components.施工组织设计是任何建造项目的重要组成部份。
它涉及规划和协调各种活动，以确保项目的顺利执行。
在本文中，我们将讨论施工组织设计的重要性及其关键组成部份。
I. Project Planning:一、项目规划1.1 Pre-construction phase:1.1 前期准备阶段During the pre-construction phase, it is essential to establish clear project objectives and goals. This includes determining the scope of work, setting project timelines, and identifying resource requirements. Proper planning in this phase helps in organizing the construction process effectively.在前期准备阶段，建立清晰的项目目标和目标至关重要。
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摘要：建筑工程在施工过程中，施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工程的质量，对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。
施工组织是项目建设和指导工程施工的重要技术经济文件。
能调节施工中人员、机器、原料、环境、工艺、设备、土建、安装、管理、生产等矛盾,要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制,才能科学合理的保证工程项目高质量、低成本、少耗能的完成。
关键词：项目管理施工组织方案重要性施工组织设计就是对工程建设项目整个施工过程的构思设想和具体安排，是施工组织管理工作的核心和灵魂。
其目的是使工程速度快、质量好、效益高。
使整个工程在施工中获得相对的最优效果。
1．编制施工组织设计重要性的原因建筑工程及其施工具有固定性与流动性、多样性与单件性、形体庞大与施工周期长这三对特点。
所以，每一建筑工程的施工都必须进行施工组织设计。
这是因为：其它一般工业产品的生产都有着自己固定的、长期适用的工厂。
而建筑施工具有流动性的特点，不可能建立这样的工厂，只能是当每一个建筑工程施工时，建立一个相应的、临时性的，如同工厂作用性质的施工现场准备，即工地。
施工单件性特点与施工流动性特点，决定了每一建筑工程施工都要选择相应的机具和劳动力组织。
选择施工方法、拟定施工技术方案及其劳动力组织和机具配置，统称为施工作业能力配置。
施工周期的特点，决定了各种劳动力、机具和众多材料物资技术的供应时间也比较长，这就产生了与施工总进度计划相适应的物资技术的施工组织设计内容。
由此可见，施工组织设计在项目管理中是相当重要的。
2．施工组织设计方案的重要性建筑产品作为一种商品，在项目管理中工程质量在整个施工过程中起着极其重要的作用。
工程建设项目的施工组织设计与其工程造价有着密切的关系。
施工组织设计基本的内容有：工程概况和施工条件的分析、施工方案、施工工艺、施工进度计划、施工总平面图。
还有经济分析和施工准备工作计划。
其中,施工方案及施工工艺的确定更为重要,如:施工机械的选择、水平运输方法的选择、土方的施工方法及主体结构的施工方法和施工工艺的选择等等,均直接影响着工程预算价格的变化。
在保证工程质量和满足业主使用要求及工期要求的前提下,优化施工方案及施工工艺是控制投资和降低工程项目造价的重要措施和手段。
2.1施工组织方案在很大程度上影响着工程质量，因此合理的施工组织方案不仅是确保工程顺利完成的基础，也是工程安全的依据。
施工组织设计是建筑工程设计文件的重要组成部分，是编制工程投资概预算的主要依据和编制招投标文件的主要参考依据。
因此，认真做好施工组织设计，对于正确确定工程造价、降低工程投资，从而有利控制工程造价将有十分重要的作用。
2.2施工组织方案是对施工活动实行科学管理的重要手段，它具有战略部署和战术安排的双重作用。
它体现了实现基本建设计划和设计的要求，提供了各阶段的施工准备工作内容，协调施工过程中各施工工区，各施工工种，各项自愿之间的相互关系。
施工组织方案必须能够根据工程产品的特点和要求，根据现有的和可能争取到的施工条件，从实际出发，决定各种生产要素的基本结合方式，不切实解决问题，就不可能进行任何生产。
3．施工组织设计的指标计算和分析目前施工组织设计应建立哪些指标还不统一，计算方法也不规范。
由于它是评价施工组织设计整体效果和评价执行状况的尺度，也是对承建工程施工的单位(项目部)生产经营管理水平和效果进行考核的依据。
应予重视，提出如下意见。
3．1 指标体系。
指标体系的设置要尽量反映施工组织设计目标达到的水平，为评价、考核、执行提供方便。
3．2 指标计算。
(1)施工准备期。
从现场准备开始到正式工程开工的全部时间。
(2)单位工程工期。
由单位工程施工进度计划安排的施工期。
(3)劳动力不均衡系数。
施工期高峰人数与平均人数之比。
(4)降低成本额。
技术组织措施降低成本的价格成果。
(5)降低成本率。
降低成本额占承包成本的百分比。
(6)施工机械化程度。
机械施工完成产值与工程承包造价之比。
(7)工厂化施工程度。
预制厂(采砂场、采石场)完成的产值与工程承包造价之比。
(8)临时工程投资比例。
全部临时工程投资与工程承包造价之比。
(9)临时工程费用比例。
全部临时工程消耗费用减回收费与工程承包造价之比。
3．3 指标分析。
施工组织设计指标与同类工程历史实际水平相比，可以评价施工组织设计效果；不同施工组织设计方案的指标对比，可以优选方案；分析以往历次同类工程的各项指标的加权数值，可以作为今后再次投标的参考依据。
4．施工组织设计的管理随着社会主义市场经济的建立,建筑市场的竞争日趋激烈,客观形势对施工企业的要求越来越高。
不仅在技术装备、人员素质、施工组织者方面提出较高的要求，而且工程经济管理工作中有关工程预结算也面临新的挑战。
严谨建筑市场形势下，有些施工企业没有积极采取应对措施,对员工的专业技术没有更新、培训。
科学技术管理水平相当落后。
加上对编制审核施工组织设计没有引起足够的重视。
因此就会出现以下几种常见的情况：4.1开工前没有编制审核施工组织设计：不搞施工平面布置图,材料乱堆乱放。
土方运出运进、机械设备、劳动力需求无计划、工程质量、安全施工无保证措施。
造成窝工浪费现象严重,管理水平较低。
4.2是否是专业人员编制施工组织设计：为应付上级部门及监理单位、甲方检查而给施工员或资料员代编施工组织设计。
因为资料根本对现在的施工管理不了解而又是领导最近安排的，不得不胡乱编造，应付了事。
4.3施工组织设计编制水平低：有的施工单位，不明白施工组织在施工过程中的重要性，写一写各分项施工工艺、画张平面布置图、工程进度计划表,便认为是施工组织设计了。
4.4要技术弃经济：相当多的施工企业单位在编制施工组织设计时。
只重视施工组织当中的各分项工程的技术措施。
没有考虑分项工程经济指标方面内容,导致工程竣工结算时纠纷不断,蒙受经济损失。
因此，要对施工组织设计进行管理：（1）实行动态管理工程施工过程中，不可避免地会遇到意想不到的各种问题，如设计变更、自然因素等影响，各阶段施工进程的变化造成现场方案的调整，因此必须根据变化了的现场实际进行动态管理，对施工组织设计中不适宜部分进行必须的修改、补充、优化，以达到既定的建设目标。
（2）实行分层管理项目法施工的推行，管理层与作业层分离，以及固定工人逐步减少的情况，势必引出总承包与分包的现象，中标单位从过去的直接管理、直接技术交底，变为间接管理、间接技术交底，因此应根据施工组织设计进行分层管理，明确总包与分包单位、管理层与作业层的技术权限、职责与工作程序。
5．结语在项目的施工中，一定要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制，确保项目的施工有序，防止施工组织设计流于形式。
施工组织设计是工程质量、安全、进度的保障有力措施。
在一定的资源条件下实现工程的技术经济效益，达到施工效益与经济效益双赢的目的。
Importance of construction organization designSummary:Construction work in the construction process, the construction organization scheme will not only directly affect project quality, duration and safety also has an important impact in the construction process. Construction organization projects and mentoring in construction of key technical and economic documents. Can regulate the construction people, machines, materials, environment, technology, equipment, construction, installation, management, production and other conflicts , monitoring and control of the construction organization design , scientific and reasonable assurance the completion of project of high quality, low cost, low energy consumption.Key words:Project management construction management programme the importance Construction organization design is the idea of the whole construction process of engineering construction project ideas and specific arrangements, organization and management of construction work is the heart and soul. Its aim is to enable high speed, high quality, efficiency. Engineering-best results when working in construction as a whole.1． Because of the importance of preparation of construction organization designArchitectural engineering and construction with a fixed and liquidity, diversity and one-piece, form a large and long construction period the three characteristics. Therefore, each construction engineering construction organization design of construction must be carried out. This is because other general industrial products have their own fixed, long-term application factories. Building construction is characterized by mobility, impossible to build such a plant, only when each of the construction, and establishing an appropriate, provisional, as factory construction site preparation, namely, site. Construction characteristics and construction of single pieces of mobility features, decided to select appropriate equipment for each construction and labor organizations. Construction technology of construction method ofselecting, developing programmes and labour organizations and equipment configuration, collectively known as operation capacity configuration. Construction cycle features determines the labour supply of many material, equipment and technology is a long time, which raises the total progress plan of construction material that is appropriate for the construction organization design of technology content. It can be seen that is of considerable importance in construction organization design in project management.2.Importance of construction organization designConstruction products as a commodity and engineering quality in project management plays a vital role in the entire construction process. Construction organization design and engineering cost of construction projects has a close relationship. Construction organization design of basic content: project overview and analysis of construction conditions, implementation plan, construction technology, construction progress plan and general plan of construction. Further economic analysis and construction preparation plans. , Scheme and construction technology in construction of more important , such as : levels of selection, selection of transport method of construction machinery, earth-moving construction method and construction method and construction technology of main structure of choice and so on , are directly affecting the estimated project price changes. In ensuring project quality and meet the owners subject to the requirements and duration requirements , optimizing construction scheme and construction technology are important measures to control investment and reduce project cost and means.2.1Construction organization scheme is to a large extent affect project quality, reasonable construction programme is not only to ensure that the basis for successful completion of the construction, safety basis. Construction organization design is an important part of construction design documents, is the main basis for preparation of the project investment budget and preparation of tender documents, the main frame of reference. Therefore, good job in construction organization design,correctly determine project cost, reduce engineering investment, thus enabling to control project cost would have a very important role.2.2Construction organization plan of construction activities is an important means of implementing scientific management, it has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It reflects the requirements of implementing the capital master plan and design provides all phases of construction preparation, coordination of construction during the construction project, the construction trade, the relationship between voluntary. Construction organization scheme must be according to the product's characteristics and requirements, based on existing and possible securing construction conditions, realistic, determine how the basic combination of various factors of production, does not solve problems, it is impossible for any production.3 Construction design calculation and analysis of indicatorsConstruction organization design should be to establish which indicators are not unified, calculation or specification. Because it is the evaluation of construction organization design of the overall assessment of the effectiveness and the status of implementation, as well as project construction units ( project ) production and management levels and to test the effectiveness of the basis. Must be given to, and made the following comments.3.1 Index system. Sets as far as possible reflect the construction organization design of index system of the target level of, and to facilitate the evaluation, examination, implementation.3.2 Index calculation. (1) construction preparation phase. Starting from site preparation to the official project for all time. (2) project duration. Arranged by unit engineering construction progress plan of construction. (3) labour imbalance coefficient. During peak and the average ratio of the number of. (4) reduce the cost amount. Technical measures to reduce the cost of results. (5) reduce the cost rate. Cost reduction percentage of total contract costs. (6) construction mechanization. Mechanical construction completed production and engineering contract cost ratio. (7) the level of industrial construction.Precast factory ( sand excavation, quarries ) completed production and engineering contract cost ratio. (8) the investment proportion of temporary works. All temporary works investment and engineering contracts cost ratio. (9) cost of temporary works. All temporary works cost recovery fees and contract cost reduction ratio.3.3 Indicator analysis. Construction organization design of indicators as compared to similar projects historical actual levels, can assess the impact construction organization design; different indicators of construction organization design in contrast to optimum programme; analysis of the weighted numerical indicator of previous similar projects could serve as a reference for future bidding again.4 Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of the Socialist market economy , building increasingly fierce market competition , objective conditions on the construction enterprise requirements getting higher and higher. Not only in terms of technical equipment, quality of personnel, organizer of construction put forward higher requirements, but also in engineering economics and management work engineering budget and settlement also faces new challenges. Strict construction market situation, some construction companies do not have a positive response , had no update on staff expertise and training. Science and technology management level quite backward. And for the preparation of construction organization design of audit did not attract enough attention. Therefore, there will be several common scenarios:4.1 Before commencement of construction organization design of auditing has not been prepared: not to engage in the construction of floor plans , materials of rubble lying around. Earthwork out of transport, machinery and equipment, quality of labor demand planning, engineering, construction without guarantees of security. Caused the serious waste of idling , lower levels of management.4.2 Is the professional preparation of construction organization design: to cope with higher authorities and supervision units, the customer shall check and construction construction organization designfor information or addendum. Because the information simply don't know about now, construction management and leadership has recently arranged, had to make up indiscriminately to deal with.4.3 Low levels of construction organization design preparation: some construction units, do not understand the importance of construction organization in the construction process, write about the construction process, draw a floor plan, project schedule , is considered to be construction organization plan.4.4Abandoned technology economy: a considerable number of units at the time of preparation of construction organization design in construction enterprise. Only importance to the construction of the project of technical measures. Content does not take into account economic indicators , leading to projects completion settlement of disputes continue , causing economic losses.Therefore, the management of construction organization design:(1) the introduction of dynamic managementConstruction process, inevitably will encounter unexpected problems, such as impact, natural factors such as design changes, change field programmes of each stage of the construction process adjustments must therefore be based on dynamic management of engineering field, not suitable for construction organization design section must be modified, supplemented, optimization, to reach the established goal.(2) Implementation of hierarchical managementProject law construction of introduced, management layer and job layer separation, and fixed workers gradually reduced of situation, will leads total contract and points package of phenomenon, bid units from past of directly management, and directly technology low-down, becomes indirect management, and indirect technology low-down, therefore should according to construction organization design for tiered management, clear total package and points package units, and management layer and job layer of technology permission, and duties and work program.5． Closing remarksIn the construction of the project, be sure to oversight and control of the construction organization design to ensure project construction in order to prevent construction organization design of formality. Progress of the construction organization design of project quality, security, strong measures of protection. In conditions of considerable resources to achieve economic benefit of the project and achieve the win-win purpose construction and economic benefit.。