organized stroke unit
unit-3-My-Stroke-of-Luck
unit-3-My-Stroke-of-LuckUnit 3 My Stroke of Luck教学目的与要求：1. Reading Text I, for a good understanding of the text and a good command of new words, phrases, text structure and writing technique;2. Completing exercises so as to improve listening, speaking, writing and translating skills as well as grammatical knowledge.教学重点：1. Talking about the topic of marriage and wife’s love.2. Illuminating and acquiring words, phrases, text structure, etc.;3. Practicing reading, listening, speaking, translating and writing.教学难点：1. Deserting between the easy-confusing synonyms and the sentence structures;2. Listening exercises, especially the long conversations;3. Translation, especially the choice of difficult words and structures.教学过程：1.Talk about marriage and wife’s love and then lead to Text I;2. In pre-reading, ask students to answer the questions about the video and give their own opinions about marriage and wife’s love. The cultural information, though important, can be left to students for after-school reading and listening.3. In global reading, require students to give their own answers with preview before school.4. Reading Text I, focus on the language such as words, phrases, grammar, etc. as well as understanding;5. Require students to finish the exercises by themselves at first and then check the answers in class. During the process lead students to study the language points and practice language skills.6. Do the Dictation and Listening exercises, giving necessary explanation about the scripts;7. Read Text II to catch the main idea and answer the questions, or leave it afterschool for students themselves if time isn’t enough.教学进程与内容展示(上传网络内容显示五号字，课堂根据实际需要放大字体)：第一、二、三课时Unit 3 My Stroke of LuckSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual supplementWatch the video and answer the following questions.1. According to the video, what do you think about the old man and his wife?2. What do you think about the relationship between husband and wife?Video Script:Old Man: Well, it was a big trip. And if you ask me what I learned, I’d have to tell you I’mnot sure. I know if I could do it all overagain, I would ask less of the kids. As longas they were happy, that would be fine withme. I know I have to stop thinking of themas if they’re still children. I can’t tell themwhat to do anymore. They have to find their own way. And, sometimes you talked to meabout things that I should have listened toyou more carefully. You presented me withthe details of our children’s lives, and I ...I ... I ignored them. And for that ... But thatisn’t what you want to hear, I know. Whatyou want is the news. Well, the news is this.Robert, Amy and Rosie promised to visit mefor the holidays, and you know what? Thistime I believe them. And David ... David (I)hope he’ll spend Christmas with you. Answers to the Questions:1. His talking at his wife’s graveside is the news about their children and the new relationship between them and him. He really missed his wife.2. Open.II. Cultural information1. Shakespeare’s SonnetSonnet 116Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. Love is not loveWhich alters when it alteration finds,Or bends with the remover to remove:O no! it is an ever-fixed markThat looks on tempests and is never shaken;It is the star to every wandering bark,Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken.Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeksWithin hi s bending sickle’s compass come:Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom.If this be error and upon me proved,I never writ, nor no man ever loved.— William Shakespeare2. Marriage benefits men more than women.Both benefit equally in common areas like sex, companionship and shared work load. Husbands experience better overall health (live longer than if single), whereas a women’s greatest single gain is in money. Marriage will make both men and women richer because they become more efficient in all areas of life! Two living together will not only save significantly by eliminating redundant expenses, but because ofincreased efficiency, make more money than they do living separately. Long-lasting marriages, some people suggest, is not a cause of financial success, but an effect alongside of financial success. But the truth is that even taking this factor and the eliminating of redundant expenses into account, the institution of marriage itself provides a “wealth-generation bonus”. This bonus is above and beyond all other factors. God said marriage is good and good it is! Studies have shown, for example, that married men earn incomes 10-40% higher than their single counterparts.Section Two Global ReadingI. Text analysis1.What does the author mean by “my stroke of luck”?luck for him, as became clear once again during the air crash crisis.2.What’s the author’s purpose of writing?To enable the readers to see the many valuable qualities in his wife, or to show his wife’s unyielding character and willingness to help others.II. Structural analysis1. How are the events of the text arranged? The account of the latest event is interrupted by a number of flashbacks (some earlier events and experiences). It begins with the air crash, and then it goes back to what had happened before. After this the author resumes the narration of the air crash and subsequent event.2. Divide the text into parts by completing the table.Section Three Detailed ReadingText IMy Stroke of LuckShe keeps saving my life. Better still, she keepsgiving me reasons to live.Kirk Douglas11 It happened on the way home from a meeting in Fillmore, 40 miles north of Los Angeles洛杉矶. My friend Noel Blanc诺埃尔·布兰克, a helicopter pilot, offered to give me a ride back to the city. We were 50 feet in the air when we collided 相撞with a small plane flown by a flight instructor and his young student. Noel and I survived, but the men in the plane died instantly.2 I do n’t remember being pulled from the wreckage or the ambulance trip to a nearbyhospital. But I do remember my wife, Anne, staring down at me on my gurney盖尼式担架. After hearing of the accident, Anne took a helicopter to reach me. She insisted on moving me to our neighborhood hospital inL.A., Cedars-Sinai Medical Center2. Another helicopter ride. Just what I needed!Questions1. What happened to the writer? (Paragraph 1) He was involved in an air crash but luckily survived.2. What does the author mean by “Another helicopter ride. Just what I needed”? (Paragraph 2)He is being ironic. He means that he did not feel at all like taking another helicopter ride.Words and Expressions1. helicopter: a type of aircraft.2. give a ride: give a free journey to sb.3. collide: vi. hit each other accidentally Synonym:crash intoCollocation:collide with sb. / sth.Derivation:collision n.4. instantly: ad. immediately, at once Derivation:instant a.Synonym:instantaneously, promptlyAntonym:gradually5. wreckage: The debris of something wrecked.6. gurney: A metal stretcher with wheeled legs, used for transporting patients.3 But Anne was right. In L.A. I could get the best care for my spinal 脊骨的injury and start seeing psychiatrists 精神病医师for my very real “survivor’s guilt生还者的内疚”3. Anne has such good judgment and intuition直觉, she rarely makes a wrong decision. After all, she first saved my life in 1958, when she refused to let me join film producer制片者 Mike Todd on his fatal 致命的飞行flight. She saved me again after my stroke打击/中风 in 1995, when I became depressed and suicidal.24Anne’s secret is that she learns from life, then moves on. Born in Hanover汉诺威 Germany, she fled 逃往to Belgium to escape fascism 法西斯主义as a teenager. She then moved to Paris, surviving theoccupation 侵略占领时期by putting her linguistic ability to work. Fluent in French, English, Italian and her native German, she supported herself by placing German subtitles 字幕on French films.Questions1. How do you unde rstand the sentence “She saved me again after my stroke in 1995, when I became depressed and suicidal.” (Paragraph 3) The word “save” here means “help me out of my depression,” because severe depression can sometimes lead to suicide. So the sentence means “She saved my life again after my stroke in 1995 by helping me get over the depression I was in and preventing me from committing suicide.”2. How many languages does Anne master? (Paragraph 4)Four. French, English, Italian, and German.Words and Expressions7. spinal: Of, relating to, or situated nearthe spine or spinal cord; vertebral.8. psychiatrist: A physician who specializesin psychiatry.9. intuition n. the power of knowing sth. without reasoningDerivation:intuitive a.intuitively a.Comparison:insight n. ability to see into the true natureperception n. ability to see, hear or understand instinct n. natural feeling that makes one choose to act in a particular way, synonym of intuition10. fatal: Causing or capable of causing death.11. suicidal: a. with a tendency tocommit suicideDerivation:suicide n.Collocation:suicidal attemptsuicidal behavior12. flee: To run away, as from trouble or danger.13. fascism: A system of government markedby centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.14. occupation: n. the action, state, or periodof occupying or being occupied bymilitary forceSynonym:invasion, takeoverCollocation:occupation rate 占用率15. subtitle: A printed translation of the dialogue of a foreign-language film shown at the bottom of the screen.16. depressed a. sad or gloomyDerivation:depress vt.depression n.depressing a.Synonym:dispirited, downheartedSentences1. survivor’s guilt (Paragraph 3) Explanation: The author felt guilty because he survived while the other men on the plane didn’t.2. She saved me again after my stroke in 1995, when I became depressed and suicidal. (Paragraph 3)Translation: 我1995年中风，深感沮丧，并有自杀倾向，她又一次救了我。
俄罗斯分光光度计PHOTON RT说明书
PHOTON RTUniversal Scanning SpectrophotometerOperation ManualPKTH.033.000.0001IMPORTANT NOTICECopyright InformationThis document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Neither the whole document nor any part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means or translated into any language without the prior and written permission of EssentOptics Ltd. Copyright © 2012-2016 EssentOptics Ltd.TrademarksAll brand names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such, are protected by law. EssentOptics and PHOTON RT are trademarks of EssentOptics Ltd.Contents1 SAFETY MEASURES (4)2 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF PHOTON RT SPECTROPHOTOMETER (5)2.1 P URPOSE (5)2.2 P RODUCT S PECIFICATIONS (6)2.3 C OMPLETE SET OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER (6)2.4 C ONFIGURATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER (7)2.5 M ARKING AND SEALING (9)2.6 P ACKING (9)3 INSTALLATION (10)3.1 P REPARING FOR OPERATION (10)3.2 P HOTON S OFT I NSTALLATION (11)3.2.1 PC REQUIREMENTS (11)3.2.2 S OFTWARE INSTALLATION (11)3.3 O PERATION OF THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER (12)3.3.1 M EASUREMENT OF TRANSMITTANCE. (13)3.3.2 M EASUREMENT OF ABSOLUTE SPECULAR REFLECTANCE. (14)3.3.3 M EASUREMENT OF ABSORPTANCE SPECTRA (15)3.3.4 P OLARIZATION-DEPENDENT MEASUREMENTS AT VARIABLE ANGLES IN PS MODE. (16)3.3.5 T RANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENT OF THICK SAMPLES AT HIGH ANGLES OF INCIDENCE. (18)3.3.6 M EASUREMENT OF COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX AND LAYER THICKNESS (19)3.3.7 B ATCH MEASUREMENTS (21)3.3.8 V ERIFICATION OF WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION OF THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER (22)3.4 P HOTON S OFT S OFTWARE (24)3.4.1 C ONTROL COMMANDS (24)3.4.2 S ETTINGS OF MEASURING PARAMETERS (26)3.4.3 S PECTRAL GRAPHS (27)3.4.4 S AVING OF SPECTRA (28)3.4.5 O PTICAL DENSITY (29)3.4.6 K INETIC MEASUREMENT (29)3.4.7 P RINTING OF REPORT (32)3.4.8 B EAM DISPLACEMENT CALCULATOR (36)3.4.9 M EASUREMENT OF COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX AND LAYER THICKNESS. (37)3.4.10 M ETHODS (39)3.4.11 B ATCH MEASUREMENTS (40)3.4.12 I NTERFACE SETTINGS (44)4 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS (46)4.1 R EPLACEMENT OF LIGHT SOURCES (46)4.1.1 R EPLACEMENT OF HALOGEN LAMP (46)4.1.2 R EPLACEMENT OF DEUTERIUM LAMP (48)5 STORAGE (50)6 TRANSPORTATION (50)7 UTILIZATION (50)8 ACCEPTANCE CERTIFICATE (51)9 PACKING CERTIFICATE (52)10 WARRANTY (53)11 APPENDIX 1. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION (54)12 APPENDIX 2. COMPLETE SET OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER (56)13 APPENDIX 3. WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION TABLE (57)1Safety measuresThe spectrophotometer complies with the safety standard IР STB 14254-96 standard.Prior to the operation, read the safety rules and regulations for electric equipment carefully and follow the necessary instructions for operation of the spectrophotometer. One should be clearly aware of danger of hazardous internal and external voltages.CAUTION!It is PROHIBITED to operate the spectrophotometer with the removed housing.It is PROHIBITED to operate the spectrophotometer after ingress of water.It is PROHIBITED to operate the spectrophotometer without proper grounding.2Description and operation of Photon RT spectrophotometer2.1PurposeThe Photon RT universal scanning spectrophotometer (further referred to as spectrophotometer) is designed to measure optical characteristics of absolute specular reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, and optical density of planar optical samples with thin film coatings at variable angles and in the polarized light.The spectrophotometer is developed on the basis of the Czerny-Turner monochromator. The spectrophotometer is intended for operation in laboratory conditions in accordance with the following requirements:∙ambient temperature – from +10 0С to +28 0С;∙relative humidity – below 80 % at the temperature + 25 оС;∙atmospheric pressure – from 84 kPa to 106.7 kPa∙proper grounding at the connection point of spectrophotometer and computer2.2Product SpecificationsSee Appendix 1for specifications of your individual spectrophotometer.2.3Complete set of spectrophotometerSee Appendix 2 for complete set of your individual spectrophotometer.2.4Configuration of spectrophotometerFigure 2.4.1 shows the spectrophotometer (front view) with an open lid.The lid of the measuring compartment 1 ensures protection against ambient illumination. In the process of measurement a sample is placed on the sample holder 3 of the sample stage 2 and is fastened with clamps 4. When the spectrophotometer is switched on, red-color flickering of indicator light-emitting diode (LED) 7 continues until the end of the spectrophotometer initialization and self-check procedure. When the spectrophotometer is in the off-measuring mode (“ready” mode), flickering of the indicator LED is green. The indicator LED 7 flickers red during the measurement process, and red-yellow during the change of diffraction gratings. The spectrophotometer is switched on and off by switch 6.Photodetector unit 5 is positioned at a supporting holder of the photodetector drive. The drive provides for positioning of photodetectors along the optical axis for the angles from 16˚ to 183˚: in the case of reflectance measuring -synchronously or non-synchronously with the stage rotation, in the case of transmittance measuring - photodetectors are positioned at normal angle of incidence or any angle within 0˚ - 75˚ range selected by the user.Rotation of stage 2 in the horizontal plane around the optical axis is realized from 0˚ to 75˚. Both rotations are executed with 0,10 step.The value of the incidence angle on the measured surface is set in the field «Measuring parameters» (see Subsection 2.4.2). The position of photodetector is adjusted automatically with the measuring mode («TRANSMITTANCE» or «REFLECTANCE») and depending on the rotation angle of sample stage 2. Rotation angles of sample stage 2 and photodetector unit 5 can be also realized independently in the manual mode for measurement of complex prismatic units. The motorized displacement of photodetector unit perpendicular to the axis of the light beam allows measuring the transmittance of thick samples at high angles up to 75˚. Operation of the beam displacement calculator is described in section 2.4.For the adequate measurement of reflectance, the sample’s surface must be pressed to the stage surface. The measuring area is at the opening center of stage 2.1. Lid of measuring compartment;2. Sample stage;3. Holder;4. Clamps;5. Photodetector unit;6. Power switch;7. Indicator LED;Figure 2.4.1 Photon RT spectrophotometer, front view, with open lid.Figure 2 shows a rear view of the spectrophotometer. The rear panel has USB connector 1 for connection of PC, power supply connector 2, and fuse 3 (including the spare fuse inside). Cover 4 of the compartment with light sources is fastened to the side surface of the instrument by screws 5. The procedure for replacement of the light sources is described in Subsection 4.11. USB connector;2. Power supply connector;3. Fuse (including spare fuse inside);4. Cover;5. Screws.Figure 2.4.2 Photon RT spectrophotometer, rear view.2.5Marking and sealingMarking of the spectrophotometer includes:∙brand name (description) of the device;∙manufacturer’s trademark;∙legends for the elements of connection to external devices are given on the rear panel of the spectrophotometer;∙serial number of the tool is provided on the rear panel;∙marking on the shipment package2.6PackingThe spectrophotometer is packed in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements and specifications.3Installation3.1Preparing for operation1)Open the packing container, take out the operation manual (OM), take out the spectrophotometer. Whentransportation of the spectrophotometer is handled at temperature below 5оС, leave it unpacked for no less than 24 hours.2)Install the spectrophotometer on the solid horizontal surface.3)Check for the set completeness (see Subsection 2.3).4)Inspect the instrument to make sure that there is no mechanical damage.5)Install «PhotonSoft» Software using PC in accordance with Subsection 3.2.6)Provide effective grounding of the spectrophotometer and PC.7)Connect the spectrophotometer to power mains using the power cable.8)Connect the spectrophotometer to PC with the help of USB cable (see Figure 2.4.2).9)Switch-on the spectrophotometer.10)Start «PhotonSoft» Software.IMPORTANT NOTE:After “PhotonSoft” software starts, the instrument runs self-check and initialization procedure of all controlled elements. This may take about 1 minute.It is PROHIBITED to switch off / switch on the instrument, close / open the software or activate any elements of the software during the self-check and initialization procedure. Otherwise this may damage the instrument.3.2PhotonSoft Installation3.2.1PC requirements∙Microsoft Windows XP/ Windows7/Windows 8operating system;∙SVGA monitor with the resolution no less than 1024x768 (optimum 1280х1024) dots;∙Video adapter memory capacity no less than 32Мb (optimum 64Мb) and color depth no less than 16 bit; ∙No less than 128 Мb of memory (RAM);∙Keyboard, mouse-type manipulator;∙Hard disk (HDD) with free capacity no less than 10 Gb.3.2.2 Software installationTo install the Software, perform the following operations:∙make sure the spectrophotometer is NOT connected to PC∙insert the Software CD-disk (or USB-flash) into CD-ROM (or USB port) of PC ;∙start the installation software setup.exe and follow its instructions;∙press the «Next» button in the installation window ;∙press «Next» in the installation window;∙after successful installation of the software, press the «Finish» button in the window;∙find quick start tag of «PhotonSoft» on the desktop of your PC;∙connect the spectrophotometer to PC;The spectrophotometer is ready for operation.3.3Operation of the spectrophotometer3.3.1Measurement of transmittance.∙Switch on the spectrophotometer.∙Start «PhotonSoft» from your desktop.IMPORTANT NOTE:After “PhotonSoft” software starts, the instrument runs self-check and initialization procedure of all controlled elements. This may take about 1 minute.It is PROHIBITED to switch off / switch on the instrument, close / open the software or activate any elements of the software during the self-check and initialization procedure. Otherwise this may damage the instrument.∙The warm-up time of the spectrophotometer shall be no less than 30 minutes.∙Select «TRANSMITTANCE» from the drop-down menu.∙Set the necessary measuring parameters (see Subsection 3.4.1).1) scanning range;2) sampling pitch;3) averaging count;4) smoothing mode;5) sample stage angle setting;6) polarization.∙Open the lid and make sure that the optical channel in the measuring compartment has no objects.∙Close the lid.∙Press the button «Apply».∙Press the button «Calibration» for baseline calibration. When scanning of a spectrum is finished, the screen displays the horizontal spectral graph serving as 100% transmittance level.∙Open the lid. Place a sample to be measured on the sample stage. Close the lid.∙Start the measuring process by pressing the button «MEASUREMENT». When the process is finished, the screen displays the graph for a transmittance spectrum of the sample.IMPORTANT NOTES:1)When starting the instrument on the new day, it is recommended to repeat baseline calibration beforeactual measurements for breaking-in after 30 minutes warm-up time. This ensures small bit adjustments of the moving parts after idle time.Recommended parameters:∙Staring wavelength: 400 nm;∙Ending wavelength: 1600 nm;∙Sampling pitch: 10 nm;∙Averaging count: 10;∙Smoothing mode: 0;2)Select the wavelength scanning range applicable to the measured sample.3)For more precise measurements in UV-VIS or VIS range, set scanning range and run baselinecalibration up to 990 nm. (For example, 180-990 nm or 380-990 nm respectfully.)4)For more precise measurements in IR range, set scanning range and run baseline calibration starting1000 nm. (For example, or 1000-1600 nm or 1000-3000 nm etc).5)When measurements are conducted over the complete effective wavelength range of thespectrophotometer, it is recommended to perform the baseline calibration directly before measuring the spectrum of the sample.Figure 3.3.1 Transmittance and optical density spectrum.Figure 3 illustrates transmittance and optical density spectrum. The transmittance scale is on the left and the optical density scale is on the right. The optical density graph may be displayed or hidden (see Subsection2.4.4).3.3.2Measurement of absolute specular reflectance.∙Switch on the spectrophotometer.∙Start «PhotonSoft».IMPORTANT NOTE:After “PhotonSoft” software starts, the instrument runs self-check and initialization procedure of all controlled elements. This may take about 1 minute.It is PROHIBITED to switch off / switch on the instrument, close / open the software or activate any elements of the software during the self-check and initialization procedure. Otherwise this may damage the instrument.∙The warm-up time of the spectrophotometer shall be no less than 30 minutes.∙Select «TRANSMITTANCE» from the drop-down menu.∙Set the required measuring parameters (see Subsection 3.4.1)1) scanning range;2) sampling pitch;3) averaging count;4) smoothing mode;5) polarization.∙Make sure that the optical channel in the measuring compartment has no objects.∙Press the button«Apply».∙Press the button «Calibration» for baseline calibration. When scanning of a spectrum is finished, the screen displays the horizontal spectral graph serving as 100% transmittance level.∙Select «REFLECTANCE» from the drop-down menu to change for measurement of absolute specular reflectance.∙Open the lid. Place a sample to be measured on the sample stage. The coated surface shall be facing the sample stage for measurement of absolute specular reflectance. Close the lid.∙Set the angle for sample stage.∙Press the button«Apply».∙Start the measuring process by pressing the button «MEASUREMENT». When the process is finished, the screen displays the graph for the absolute reflectance spectrum of the sample.IMPORTANT NOTES:1)When starting the instrument on the new day, it is recommended to repeat baseline calibration beforeactual measurements for breaking-in after 30 minutes warm-up time. This ensures small bit adjustments of the moving parts after idle time.Recommended parameters:∙Staring wavelength: 400 nm;∙Ending wavelength: 1600 nm;∙Sampling pitch: 10 nm;∙Averaging count: 10;∙Smoothing mode: 0;2)Select the wavelength scanning range applicable to the measured sample.3)For more precise measurements in UV-VIS or VIS range, set scanning range and run baselinecalibration up to 990 nm. (For example, 180-990 nm or 380-990 nm respectfully.4)For more precise measurements in IR range, set scanning range and run baseline calibration starting1000 nm. (For example, 1000-3000 nm, 1000-1650 nm etc.)5)When measurements are conducted over the complete effective wavelength range of thespectrophotometer, perform baseline calibration directly before measuring the spectrum of the sample.3.3.3Measurement of absorptance spectraThe Photon RT spectrophotometer provides the possibility to measure absorptance spectra of the unknown transparent substrate. The measurement of the absorptance spectra is realized by sequential measurements of transmittance and reflectance, and subsequent processing of the measurement results.∙Switch on the spectrophotometer.∙Start «PhotonSoft».IMPORTANT NOTE:After “PhotonSoft” software starts, the instrument runs self-check and initialization procedure of all controlled elements. This may take about 1 minute.It is PROHIBITED to switch off / switch on the instrument, close / open the software or activate any elements of the software during the self-check and initialization procedure. Otherwise this may damage the instrument.∙The warm-up time of the spectrophotometer shall be no less than 30 minutes.∙Select «TRANSMITTANCE» from the drop-down menu.∙Set the required measuring parameters (see Subsection 3.4.1)1) scanning range;2) sampling pitch;3) averaging count;4) smoothing mode;5) polarization.∙Make sure that the optical channel in the measuring compartment has no objects.∙Press the button«Apply».∙Press the button «Calibration» for baseline calibration. When scanning of a spectrum is finished, the screen displays the horizontal spectral graph serving as 100% transmittance level.∙Select «ABSORPTANCE» from the drop-down menu to change for measurement of absorptance.∙Place a sample to be measured on the sample stage.NOTE: One can use the same sample to measure both transmittance and reflectance, if the sample has thickness of 40 mm and above. Otherwise, for reflectance measurementone should prepare and use a 50 wedge sample made of the same material.∙Input the value of the sample thickness in the line “Sample thickness, mm” (See Fig. 3.4.4).∙Press the button«Apply».∙Start the measuring process by pressing the button «MEASUREMENT». When the process is finished, the screen displays the graph for the transmittance spectrum of the sample. After that, thedetectors unit and sample stage will synchronously rotate for reflectance measurement at 80.∙Start the measuring process by pressing the button «MEASUREMENT». When the process is finished, the screen displays the graph for the internal attenuation DA which represents the value of total internal losses for absorptance and scattering of the signal in the measured sample.3.3.4Polarization-dependent measurements at variable angles in PS mode.The spectrophotometer has built-in high-contrast polarizers that operate unattended. This configuration provides for polarization-dependent measurement of transmittance, absolute specular reflectance at variable angles of incidence, and measurement/calculation of optical constants (refractive index, layer thickness and extinction coefficient).During the PS mode of measurement, the spectrum is measured subsequently for S polarization and for P polarization without any involvement of operator. Next, the (S+P)/2 value of random polarization is calculated and displayed instantly for transmittance or absolute specular reflectance.∙Switch on the spectrophotometer.∙Start the «PhotonSoft».IMPORTANT NOTE:After “PhotonSoft” software starts, the instrument runs self-check and initialization procedure of all controlled elements. This may take about 1 minute.It is PROHIBITED to switch off / switch on the instrument, close / open the software or activate any elements of the software during the self-check and initialization procedure. Otherwise this may damage the instrument.∙The warm-up time of the spectrophotometer shall be no less than 30 minutes.∙Set the required measuring parameters (see Subsection 3.4.1)(1) scanning range;(2) sampling pitch;(3) averaging count;(4) smoothing mode;(5) polarization - PS.(6) slid width∙Open the lid, make sure that the optical channel in the measuring compartment has no objects. Close the lid.∙Press the button«Apply».∙Press the button «CALIBRATION».∙Open the lid. Place a sample to be measured on the sample stage. The coated surface shall be facing the sample table for measurement of reflectance. Close the lid.∙Select «TRANSMITTANCE» or “REFLECTANCE” measurement mode from the drop-down menu. ∙Set the angel for the sample stage.∙Press the button«Apply».∙To start the measuring process, press the button «MEASUREMENT».In the «PS» polarization mode the baseline calibration is performed twice: in «S» position of the polarizer and in «P» position of the polarizer. The displayed spectrum for «S» polarization is dark blue and that for «P» polarization is dark green in color. The calculation of average polarization «(S+P)/2» is performed after completion of subsequent measurements for the spectra associated with «S» and «P» polarizations. The resultant spectrum is displayed in white color on the screen immediately.∙When the process is finished, the screen displays a transmittance or reflectance spectrum at the specified angle of incidence at (S+P)/2 average polarization.IMPORTANT NOTES:1)When starting the instrument on the new day, it is recommended to repeat baseline calibration beforeactual measurements for breaking-in after 30 minutes warm-up time. This ensures small bit adjustments of the moving parts after idle time.Recommended parameters:2)Staring wavelength: 400 nm;3)Ending wavelength: 1600 nm;4)Sampling pitch: 10 nm;5)Averaging count: 10;6)Smoothing mode: 0;7)Select the wavelength scanning range applicable to the measured sample.8)For more precise measurements in UV-VIS or VIS range, set scanning range and run baselinecalibration up to 990 nm. (For example, 180-990 nm or 380-990 nm respectfully.)9)For more precise measurements in IR range, set scanning range and run baseline calibration starting1000 nm. (For example, 1000-3000 nm, 1000-1650 nm etc.)10)W hen measurements are conducted over the complete effective wavelength range of thespectrophotometer, perform calibration directly before measuring the spectrum for a sample.11)S elect the slit width approximately 1.5 times bigger compared to regular (not PS) measurementprocedure. Make sure the maximum signal value does not exceed 65 000 units after baseline calibration (refer to the Signal window of the main interface).Figure 3.3.2 Transmittance spectrum in «PS» mode.Figure 3.3.2 shows a transmittance spectrum of the optical coating at the 45˚ angle of incidence in «PS» mode. The spectra for «S» and «P» polarizations are displayed in darkened colors.3.3.5Transmittance measurement of thick samples at high angles of incidence.When measuring transmittance of thick optical samples at high angles of incidence, the parallel displacement of transmitted beam occurs. The value of beam displacement depends on three factors: angle of incidence, physical thickness of the sample and refractive index of the sample material.The PHOTON RT spectrophotometer offers a possibility for correct transmittance measurement of thick sample at high angles using the built-in “Beam displacement calculator” option (See also Section 3.4.8). The actual value of beam displacement can be within 0-10 mm range.∙Switch on the spectrophotometer.∙Start the «PhotonSoft».IMPORTANT NOTE:After “PhotonSoft” software starts, the instrument runs self-check and initialization procedure of all controlled elements. This may take about 1 minute.It is PROHIBITED to switch off / switch on the instrument, close / open the software or activate any elements of the software during the self-check and initialization procedure. Otherwise this may damage the instrument.∙The warm-up time of the spectrophotometer shall be no less than 30 minutes.∙Set the required measuring parameters (see Subsection 3.4.1)(1) scanning range;(2) sampling pitch;(3) averaging count;(4) smoothing mode;(5) sample table angle setting(6) polarization - PS.∙Open the lid. Make sure that the optical channel in the measuring compartment has no objects. Close the lid.∙Press the button«Apply».∙Press the button «Calibration» for baseline calibration. When scanning of a spectrum is finished, the screen displays the horizontal spectral graph serving as 100% transmittance level.∙Open the lid. Place a sample to be measured on the sample stage.∙Select desired angle of incidence. Close the lid.∙Select «BEAM DISPLACEMENT CALCULATOR» from the drop-down menu «Tools”. The “Beam displacement calculator” window opens (see Figure 3.4.21).∙In the “Beam displacement calculator” window, fill in appropriate fields “Thickness” (in mm) and “Refractive index” for the measured sample. The angle of sample table is uploaded from the “Sample table angle setting” field (see Figure 3.4.4).∙The value of beam displacement (in mm) is calculated immediately.∙Press the button«APPLY» in the “Beam displacement calculator” window. The value of beam displacement (in mm) will be immediately displayed in the “Detector displacement, mm” field of the “Display options” menu (see Figure 3.4.4).∙Press the button«APPLY» in the “Display options” menu (see Figure 3.4.4).∙Start the measuring process by pressing the button «MEASUREMENT». When the process is finished, the screen displays the graph for transmittance spectra of the sample at a user-selected angle of incidence.∙Change the beam displacement value for “0” in the “Detector displacement, mm” field of the “Display options” menu (see Figure 3.4.4) if no further transmittance measurements of thick samples at highangles of incidence are required.∙Press the button«APPLY» in the “Display options” menu (see Figure 3.4.4).The beam displacement of the detectors can also be realized by setting the check box in the field "Detector autodisplacement" (see. Figure 3.4.3). The following lines become active: "Sample thickness, mm" and "Refractive index n”. The value of the sample thickness and the average refractive index of the sample material for the selected wavelength range shall be indicated in the appropriate fields. After clicking the "Apply" button, the value of detector displacement will be displayed in the "Detector displacement, mm" field. The detectors will immediately move at the calculated value of displacement.3.3.6Measurement of complex refractive index and layer thicknessOptical constants of the material layers are characterized with a number of parameters. Several of them are important for experts involved in optical design of the multilayer coatings – refractive index (n), layer thickness (d) and extinction coefficient (k).The NKD calculation software is designed to calculate the refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and layer thickness (d) of the single homogenous layers on the known substrate using the photometric reverse engineering method. Calculations of optical parameters of the thin film layers is based on measuring the reflectance of the coated substrate in a polarized light (Rp and Rs values) for several angles of incidence. Typically, 3 to 8 angles of incidence are sufficient for correct measurement and calculation. Recommended sampling pitch is from 5 to 20 nm. The wedged substrate (with not less than 5 deg wedge angle) must be used for correct measurement to exclude reflectance from the back surface. BK7 and SiO2 substrates are recommended as test substrates for described measurement. It is necessary to increase the slid with 1,5 times to compensate for decreased signal in the PS measurement mode.∙Switch on the spectrophotometer.∙Start the «PhotonSoft».。
福特F-150全铝体版产品说明说明书
BODYConstruction/materials Fully boxed, high-strength steel frame. High-strength, military-grade, aluminum alloy bodyBody style Body on frame, Regular Cab, SuperCab, SuperCrew®Trim levels XL, XLT, LARIAT, Tremor,* King Ranch®, Platinum, LimitedFinal assembly location Dearborn Truck Plant, Kansas City AssemblyDRIVETRAINLayout standard Front engine, rear wheel driveLayout optional Front engine, electronically-controlled 4x4 with open differential rear axleFront engine, electronically-controlled 4x4 with electronic locking rear differentialFront engine full hybrid, rear wheel driveFront engine full hybrid, electronically-controlled 4x4 with electronic locking rear differentialFront engine, electronically-controlled 4x4 with electronic locking rear differential,Torsen front differential (optional on Tremor*)Transfer Case (4x4 models)Electronic Shift on the Fly (XL, XLT, Lariat with Snow Plow) with Flat Tow Mode2-Speed Torque on Demand (Lariat+) with Flat Tow ModeENGINES3.3-liter Ti-VCT V6 FFV 2.7-liter EcoBoost® V6 5.0-liter Ti-VCT V8Configuration Naturally-aspirated 60-degree V6,overhead cams Twin-turbocharged and intercooled60-degree V6, overhead camsNaturally-aspirated 90-degree V8,overhead camsBlock/Head material Aluminum block,aluminum heads Compacted graphite iron block,aluminum headsAluminum block,aluminum headsDisplacement 3.3 liters (3,340 cubic centimeters,203.8 cubic inches)2.7 liters (2,700 cubic centimeters,165.0 cubic inches)5.0 liters (5,038 cubic centimeters,307.0 cubic inches)Bore x stroke 3.56 inches x 3.41 inches 3.267 inches x 3.267 inches 3.66 inches x 3.65 inches Compression ratio12:110:112:1Valvetrain Direct acting mechanical bucket Roller finger follower Roller finger follower Ignition system Coil on plug Coil on plug Coil on plugRecommended fuel Regular unleaded or E85(minimum 87 unleaded octane)Regular unleaded(minimum 87 unleaded octane)Regular unleaded or E85(minimum 87 unleaded octane)Fuel delivery Port fuel injection and direct injection Port fuel injection and direct injection Port fuel delivery and direct injection Engine control system Electronic Electronic ElectronicOil service fill volume/grade 6 quarts with Filter(5W-20 SAE GF6)6 quarts with Filter(5W-30 SAE GF6)7.75 quarts(5W-30 SAE GF6)Coolant capacity12 liters14.3 liters12.5 liters Horsepower290 @ 6,500 rpm325 @ 5,000 rpm400 @ 6,000 rpm Torque265 lb.-ft. @ 4,000 rpm400 lb.-ft. @ 3,000 rpm410 lb.-ft. @ 4,250 rpmTRANSMISSIONS10-Speed SelectShift® Automatic10-Speed Modular Hybrid TransmissionConfiguration Electronically controlled hydraulic10-speed automatic Electronically controlled hydraulic 10-speed automaticGear Ratios First 4.696 4.696 Second 2.985 2.985 Third 2.146 2.146 Fourth 1.769 1.769 Fifth 1.520 1.520 Sixth 1.275 1.275 Seventh 1.000 1.000 Eighth0.8540.854 Ninth0.6890.689 Tenth0.6360.636 Reverse 4.866 4.866ENGINES CONTINUED3.0-liter Power Stroke® V6 3.5-liter EcoBoost® V6 3.5-liter PowerBoost™Full Hybrid V6Configuration Turbocharged and intercooled60-degree V6 diesel Twin-turbocharged and intercooled60-degree V6, overhead camsTwin-turbocharged and intercooled60-degree V6, overhead camsBlock/Head material Compacted graphite iron block,aluminum heads Aluminum block, aluminum heads Aluminum block, aluminum headsDisplacement 3.0 liters (3,000 cubic centimeters,183.0 cubic inches)3.5 liters (3,497 cubic centimeters,213.4 cubic inches)3.5 liters (3,497 cubic centimeters,213.4 cubic inches)Bore x stroke 3.31 inches x 3.54 inches 3.64 inches x 3.41 inches 3.64 inches x 3.41 inches Compression ratio16:110.5:110.5:1 Valvetrain Roller finger follower Roller finger follower Roller finger follower Ignition system Compression Coil on plug Coil on plugRecommended fuel Ultra low sulfur diesel or up toB20 compatible Regular unleaded(minimum 87 unleaded octane)Regular unleaded(minimum 87 unleaded octane)Fuel delivery Common rail Port fuel injection withdirect injection Port fuel injection with direct injectionEngine control system Multicore powertraincontrol module Electronic ElectronicOil service fill volume/grade 6.5 quarts (5W-30 SAE FA4) 6 quarts with Filter (5W-30 SAE GF6) 6 quarts with Filter (5W-30 SAE GF6)Coolant capacity13 liters13.5 liters14.5 liters high temp loop,6.8 liters low temp loop Horsepower250 @ 3,250 rpm400 @ 6,000 rpm430 @ 6,000 rpmTorque440 lb.-ft. @ 1,750 rpm500 lb.-ft. @ 3,100 rpm570 lb.-ft. @ 3,000 rpmSUSPENSIONFront configuration Independent double-wishbone with coil-over shock and stamped lower control armFront shock absorber type Standard - Heavy-duty gas-pressurizedTremor - MonotubeRear configuration Leaf spring/solid axleRear shock absorber type Standard - Heavy-duty gas-pressurizedTremor - Twin tubeBRAKESStandardHeavy-DutyMax Trailer Tow/ Heavy Payload Booster type Electronically controlled brake boostElectronically controlled brake boostElectronically controlled brake boostFront typePower anti-lock vented disc Power anti-lock vented disc Power anti-lock vented disc Front rotor/drum diameter/thickness/materialNitro Tough Iron, 350 mm x 34 mm Nitro Tough Iron, 350 mm x 34 mm Nitro Tough Iron, 350 mm x 34 mm Front caliper configuration 2 x 51 mm sliding caliper 2 x 51 mm sliding caliper 2 x 51 mm sliding caliper Front pad material FER9213FER9213FER9213Front swept area 51547 mm 251547 mm 251547 mm 2Rear typePower anti-lock vented disc Power anti-lock vented disc Power anti-lock vented disc Rear rotor/drum diameter Nitro Tough Iron, 336 x 20 mm Nitro Tough Iron, 336 x 20 mm Nitro Tough Iron, 350 x 24 mm Rear caliper configuration 1 x 54 mm sliding eIPB 1 x 54 mm sliding eIPB 1 x 54 mm sliding eIPB Rear pad material GA9105GA9105GA9105Rear swept area40998 mm 240998 mm 242997 mm 2Parking/Emergency Brake18.5 kN electronic parking brake25.5 kN electronic parking brake25.5 kN electronic parking brakeFUEL ECONOMYEPA-Estimated Fuel Economy (Actual Mileage Will Vary)DriveCity HighwayCombined3.3-liter Ti-VCT V64x22024214x41922202.7-liter EcoBoost® V64x22026224x41924215.0-liter V84x21724204x41622193.5-liter EcoBoost® V64x21824204x41823203.0-liter Power Stroke® V64x42027233.5-liter PowerBoost ™ Full Hybrid V64x22526254x4242424FUEL CAPACITYEngineFuel tank capacity, gallons (dependent on cab and box configuration)3.3-liter Ti-VCT 23 gallons, 26 gallons, 36 gallons*2.7-liter EcoBoost 23 gallons, 26 gallons, 36 gallons* 3.5-liter EcoBoost 23 gallons, 26 gallons, 36 gallons*5.0-liter V823 gallons, 26 gallons, 36 gallons*3.0-liter Power Stroke 26 gallons 3.5-liter PowerBoost ™30.6 gallonsSTEERINGElectronic Power-AssistedWheelbase (inches)Diameter (feet)Turning circle (curb-to-curb)122.841.2141.546.4145.447.8157.251.1164.152.5FORD CO-PILOT360™ TECHNOLOGIESStandardAuto Hold, Auto On/Off Headlamps, AutoBeam Headlamps, Forward Collision Warning and Dynamic Brake Support, Hill Start Assist, Pre-Collision Assist with Automatic Emergency Braking (with Pedestrian Detection), Rear View Camera with Dynamic Hitch SupportAvailableActive Drive Assist Prep Kit, Active Park Assist 2.0, Blind Spot Information System with Cross-Traffic Alert and Trailer Coverage, Distance Alert/Distance Indication, Evasive Steering Assist, Forward and Reverse Sensing Systems, Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control (with Stop-and-Go, Lane Centering and Speed Sign Recognition), Intersection Assist, Lane Keeping System, Post-Collision Braking, Pro Trailer Backup Assist, Trailer Reverse Guidance, Reverse Brake AssistLIGHTINGHeadlamps Standard Halogen Quad Beam Headlamp. Optional LED Quad Beam Headlamp with Daytime Running Lamp, or optional Adaptive LED Projector with Automatic Leveling and Dynamic Bending and Daytime Running Lamp Taillamps Standard Halogen Taillamps, LED Taillamps optionalAuxDaytime Running Lamps, Cargo Lamp, Integrated Marker Lights (optional), Tailgate LED (optional), LED Side-Mirror Spotlights(optional), LED cargo box lights (optional), Halogen or LED fog lamps (optional)EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS (INCHES UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)5.5-ft. Styleside6.5-ft. Styleside8.0-ft. Styleside STANDARD SAFETYABS/Stability control Four-Wheel Anti-Lock Brakes, AdvanceTrac®with Roll Stability Control ™ (RSC®)AirbagsFront, Driver and passengerFront, Driver and passenger seat-mounted side Front, Driver and Passenger knee Safety Canopy® side curtainsChassis safetyTire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), SOS Post-Crash Alert System ™EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS (INCHES UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)5.5-ft. Styleside6.5-ft. Styleside8.0-ft. StylesideCARGO CAPACITIES (INCHES UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)5.5-ft. Styleside6.5-ft. Styleside 8.0-ft. Styleside Inside Length (at floor)67.178.997.6Width between wheelhouses 50.650.650.6Inside Height 21.421.421.4Cargo box volume52.8 cu. ft.62.3 cu. ft.77.4 cu. ft.INTERIOR DIMENSIONS (INCHES UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)Regular CabSuperCab SuperCrew Seating35, 65, 6Front headroom40.840.840.8Front leg room SAE ("max" is currently listed)43.943.943.9Front shoulder room 66.766.766.7Front hip room 62.562.562.5Rear head roomN/A 40.340.4Rear leg room SAE ("max" is currently listed)N/A 33.543.6Rear shoulder room N/A 66.166.0Rear hip roomN/A62.662.6TIRESStandard 245/70R17 black side wall (BSW) all-season tires Optional245/70R17 outlined white letters (OWL) all-terrain tires LT265/70R17C BSW all-terrain tires 265/60R18 BSW all-season tires 275/65R18 OWL all-terrain tires LT265/70R18C OWL all-terrain tires 275/60R20 BSW all-season tires 275/60R20 OWL all-terrain tires 275/60R20 BSW all-terrain tires 275/50R22 BSW all-season tires 275/70R18 BSW all-terrain tires, Tremor*WHEELSStandard17-inch silver-painted steel wheelsOptional17-inch silver-painted aluminum alloy wheels18-inch machined-aluminum alloy wheels with magnetic pockets 18-inch machined-aluminum alloy wheels with ebony black pockets 18-inch silver-painted aluminum alloy wheels 18-inch aluminum alloy chrome-like PVD wheels 18-inch aluminum alloy matte-finish wheels, Tremor*20-inch aluminum alloy chrome-like PVD wheels20-inch aluminum alloy premium painted tarnished dark wheels 20-inch machined-aluminum alloy wheels with magnetic pockets20-inch machined-aluminum alloy wheels with light caribou-painted pockets 20-inch polished-aluminum alloy wheels 22-inch polished-aluminum alloy wheelsMAXIMUM PAYLOAD (LBS.)122.8" WB122.8" WB141.5" WB141.5" WB REGULAR CAB GVWR (lbs.)4x24x44x24x43.3L Ti-VCT V66,0101,985———6,050—1,775——6,100——1,975—6,325———1,9602.7L EcoBoost V66,0501,875———6,150—1,705—-6,170——1,905—6,435———1,885 6,800——— 2,125* 6,900—— 2,480*—5.0L V86,2001,900———6,400—1,835——6,750——2,350—6,950———2,300 7,850—— 3,325** 3,050**3.5L EcoBoost V67,050———2,360 7,050——2,620—7,850—— 3,250** 3,035**MAXIMUM PAYLOAD (LBS.)145.4" WB145.4" WB164.1" WB164.1" WB SUPERCAB GVWR (lbs.)4x24x44x24x43.3L Ti-VCT V66,2501,905———6,480—1,880——2.7L EcoBoost V66,3251,855———6,500—1,7451,925—6,750 2,175*———6,900——2,225—7,000— 2,165*——5.0L V86,9002,345———7,000——2,325—7,050—2,240——7,150———2,205 7,850—— 3,010** 2,765**3.0L Power Stroke V67,050—1,840——3.5L EcoBoost V66,9002,290———7,050—2,1902,285—7,150———2,125 7,850—— 2,980** 2,740**145.4" WB145.4" WB157.2" WB157.2" WB5.0L V83.3114,800—9,500——3.15/3.3114,800——9,600—3.15/3.3114,8009,800———3.7315,50010,500———3.7315,600——10,400—3.7315,800———10,400 3.7315,800—10,500——3.7317,600— 12,300***——3.7317,800 12,800***———3.7318,200—— 13,000***—3.7318,300—— 13,000***—3.7318,400——— 13,000*** 3.7318,500——— 13,000***3.0L Power Stroke V63.31/3.5516,300—10,500——3.5517,900— 12,100***——3.5L EcoBoost V63.31/3.5516,20011,000———3.31/3.5516,500—11,100——3.31/3.5516,500——11,200—3.31/3.5516,800———11,200 3.5517,500 12,300***———3.5517,700— 12,300***——3.5519,400——— 13,800*** 3.5519,400—— 14,000***—3.7319,400—— 14,000*** 13,800***TECHNOLOGYStandard Over-the-air-updates, FordPass Connect™ (with remote lock/unlock, vehicle status check, schedule remote start times, Trailer Theft Alert, Trailer Light Check and other truck features), 4-inch productivity screen in instrument cluster, 8-inch center stack touchscreen, selectable drive modes, SYNC® 4, wireless phone connectionAvailable 2.0kW Pro Power Onboard, 2.4kW Pro Power Onboard, 7.2kW Pro Power Onboard, 12-inch center touchscreen,Connected Built-In Navigation, 8-inch productivity screen in instrument cluster, 12-inch productivity screen, 360-Degree Camera with Split-View Display, Intelligent Access with push-button start, 8-speaker B&O Sound System by Bang & Olufsen with HD Radio™, 18-speaker B&O Sound System Unleashed by Bang & Olufsen with HD Radio™, Sirius XM 360L, 4G LTE with WiFi® hotspot, extended power running boards with kick switch, Remote Start System, MyKey®, SecuriCode™ keyless entry keypad, rain sensing wipers, Fleet Telematics (fleet only), Trail One Pedal Drive,† Trail Control,,† Trail Turn Assist†WARRANTYBumper-to-bumper 3 years/36,000 miles Powertrain 5 years/60,000 miles Aluminum body panels 5 years/unlimited miles Corrosion - sheet metal (Perforation only excluding aluminum) 5 years/unlimited miles Paint Adhesion 5 years/unlimited miles Roadside assistance 5 years/60,000 miles Diesel Engine 5 years/100,000 miles。
Kinematic Calibration Robot Alignment
Kinematic Calibration Robot Alignment Kinematic calibration and robot alignment are crucial processes in the field of robotics. These processes ensure that the robot's movements are accurate, precise, and aligned with its intended trajectory. However, achieving the perfect calibration and alignment can be a challenging task, as it requires a deep understanding of the robot's kinematics, as well as advanced technical skills. In this response, we will explore the importance of kinematic calibration and robot alignment, the challenges associated with these processes, and the various perspectives that need to be considered to achieve optimal results.First and foremost, it is essential to understand the significance of kinematic calibration and robot alignment. These processes are vital for ensuring the overall performance and accuracy of the robot. Without proper calibration and alignment, the robot's movements may be inaccurate, leading to errors in its tasks and potentially causing safety hazards. For instance, in industrial settings, misaligned robots can result in defective products, production delays, and even accidents. Therefore, investing time and effort into kinematic calibration and robot alignment is crucial for maximizing the efficiency and safety of robotic systems.One of the primary challenges in kinematic calibration and robot alignment is the complexity of the robot's kinematic structure. Robots come in various configurations, such as articulated arms, delta robots, and SCARA robots, each with its unique kinematic properties. Understanding and modeling these kinematic structures accurately is essential for successful calibration and alignment. Additionally, factors such as joint backlash, flexibility, and thermal expansion further complicate the calibration process. Thus, robotic engineers and technicians must possess a deep understanding of kinematics and advanced mathematical skills to effectively calibrate and align the robot.Another challenge in kinematic calibration and robot alignment is the need for advanced technical equipment and tools. High-precision sensors, such as laser trackers and coordinate measuring machines, are often required to measure the robot's actual positions and orientations accurately. Furthermore, specialized software for kinematic modeling and calibration is essential for performing the necessary calculations and adjustments. The costof acquiring and maintaining such equipment and tools can be a barrier for smaller organizations or institutions, limiting their ability to achieve optimal robot calibration and alignment.Moreover, the dynamic nature of robotic systems poses a significant challenge in kinematic calibration and robot alignment. Robots are often required to perform tasks in varying environments and conditions, leading to changes in their kinematic behavior over time. Factors such as wear and tear, temperature variations, and payload changes can affect the robot's kinematic parameters, necessitating periodic recalibration and realignment. Therefore, implementing robust and adaptive calibration techniques that can account for these dynamic changes is essential for maintaining the robot's accuracy and performance.From a human perspective, the challenges of kinematic calibration and robot alignment can be emotionally taxing for robotic engineers and technicians. The meticulous and repetitive nature of calibration tasks can be mentally exhausting, requiring a high level of concentration and attention to detail. Frustration may arise when facing technical issues or discrepancies in the calibration results, especially when the root cause is not immediately apparent. Additionally, the pressure to ensure the robot's safety and performance adds to the emotional burden, as any miscalibration or misalignment can have serious consequences.In conclusion, kinematic calibration and robot alignment are critical processes that require a comprehensive understanding of the robot's kinematics, advanced technical skills, and the use of high-precision equipment. The challenges associated with these processes, including the complexity of kinematic structures, the need for advanced technical tools, and the dynamic nature of robotic systems, necessitate a multi-faceted approach to achieve optimal results. From a human perspective, the emotional and mental toll of performing these tasks should not be overlooked. Despite the challenges, the rewards of achieving precise and accurate robot calibration and alignment are significant, contributing to improved efficiency, safety, and overall performance of robotic systems.。
中国急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南2019
02 院前处理
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
院前处理
院前脑卒中的识别
• 一侧肢体（伴或不伴面 部）无力或麻木 •一侧面部麻木或口角歪斜 •说话不清或理解语言困难 •双眼向一侧凝视 •单眼或双眼视力丧失或模 糊 •眩晕伴呕吐 •既往少见的严重头痛/呕 吐 •意识障碍或抽搐
现场处理及运送
• 处理气道、呼吸、循环问题 • 心脏监护 •建立静脉通道 •吸氧 •评估有无低血糖 •迅速获取简要病史：症状开始时 间、近期患病史、既往病史、近 期用药史 避免 •非低血糖患者输含糖液体 •过度降低血压 •大量静脉输液 •尽快送至附近有条件的医院【全 天进行急诊CT检查、具备溶栓和 （或）血管内取栓条件】
评估和诊断
诊断 标准
病因 分型
诊断 流程
病史和体征
脑病变与 血管病变
检查
实验室 检查及 选择
评估和诊断
诊断 标准
病因 分型
诊断 流程
病史和体征
1．病史采集：询问症状出现的时间最为重要，若于睡眠中起病， 应以最后表现正常的时间作为起病时间。其他包括神经症状发生及 进展特征；血管及心脏病危险因素；用药史、药物滥用、偏头痛、 痫性发作、感染、创伤及妊娠史等。 2．一般体格检查与神经系统检查：评估气道、 呼吸和循环功能后， 立即进行一般体格检查和神经系统检查。 3．用卒中量表评估病情严重程度。常用量表有：(1)美国国立卫生 研究院卒中量表(the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale，NIHSS)。 是目前国际上最常用量表。(2)中国脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程 度评分量表(1995)。(3)斯堪的纳维亚卒中量表(Scandinavian Stroke Scale，SSS)
阵发性室上性心动过速英文课件精选全文
Longer periods
PSVT
CONTENTS
1
2
3
PSVT
Features
Originated in the atrium or atrioventricular junction area
Regular rhythms
150-250/min
Sudden onset and offset
Emergency treatment of PSVT
Methods
PSVT
What can we do?
Emergency treatment of PSVT
Melsalva manoeuvre?[2]
Usage
Hold breath in a sitting position
How to performValsalva manoeuvre?[2]
Usage
Hold breath
Increase intrathoracic pressure
Decrease returned blood volume
Stop holding your breath
Massive blood return
Active the vagus nerve
＜20%
Success rate of Valsalva Manoeuvre
Usage
Modified Valsalva manoeuvre(MVM)[3]
Lancet
Raise legs
Success rate 17% 43%
3. what are the steps of Modified Valsalva manoeuvre?
DFM-B 引导驱动模块说明书
Guided drive module DFM-BFlexible & dynamic!High load capacityAdjustable end positionPneumatic cushioning121.1.PSIProduct Short InformationDFM-BMaximum speed v max.= 1.5 m/s.Pneumatic end position cushion-ing or integrated shock absorbers facilitate almost 100 % greater speed and an endposition accura-cy of less than 0.05 mm.Precision stroke adjustmentin retracted and advanced position with two bearings per guide rod for better guiding accuracy and operating behaviour without the need for expensive in-house con-structions.DFM & DFM-BCompact dimensionsHigh-precision guidance and excellent absorption of torque loads and lateral forces.Sturdy designWith drive and guide unit in one housing, with either plain bearing guide or ball-bearing guide plus a wide variety of mounting options.Alternative air connections For greater flexibility together with standardised proximity sensors of type SM..-8.Incredible load capacities, excellent guidance and all in a modular format – that’s the DFM-B. Reliable, flexible and resilient – even with high torque loading.DFM-B with shock absorber for even heavier loads and higher speedsDFM-B as long-stroke variant up to 400 mmOther variants•Heat-resistant design •X strokes•Customer-specific variants in stainless steel or ascylinder/valve combinationsDFM-B with adjustable end position: •Retracted •Advanced•Retracted and advancedDFM-B with pneumatic:end-position cushioning for heavy loads and high speedsFesto AG &Co.KGRuiter Strasse 82D-73734 EsslingenInternet Tel. ++49 (0)711 347-0 Fax ++49 (0)711 347-2144E-mail service_international@160206S u b j e c t t o c h a n g eGuided drive module DFM-B*Tested representatively and certified for the products ADVU, DGPL and DNC.Overview of series, variants and functionsFFMVariantsCushioning•Pneumatic cushioning •Flexible cushioning•Shock absorber at both endsPosition sensing•Contactless sensing of the piston position using SM..-8 standard proximity sensors •Sensing option on both sides thanks to double slotGuide•Plain bearing guide •Ball-bearing guide。
米其林轮胎词典-法汉
finger rollers调节辊triangle 吊环Degree of disassembly拆卸程度centering roller中心辊Arresting lever finger roller adjustment调节辊止动杆调整center line extrusion line挤出生产线中心线deflection roller偏转辊transport rollers 输送辊control stations 控制站scrap返回胶Crosscutter横裁刀Cutter裁刀dancer units 浮动辊dancer arm 浮动辊支臂transfer conveyor传输带Extrusion set 挤出装置Transport loops传输线路Swivel range of cassette swivelling device口型框板旋转装置的旋转范围Tap head end of material开口胶料末端Material胶料Compound 胶料Receipe 配方Formula 配方Feed hopper 投料斗Chalk marker 蜡笔画线器Cooling line冷却线stirrup U形夹carrying run冷却带slider bed导向条freewheeling guide rollers自由导辊dead-center run死点cassette holder.口型板架支架Lateral restrictor横向节流器threading accessories螺纹装置stuffing bars填料杆Dimension marker尺寸标注器material web产品Jam and Hump堵胶和堆胶marker roller 标记辊clamping lever夹紧手柄material strip橡胶条（产品条）code unit编码装置strieing roll 开槽辊Emergency-off ropes急停拉绳Material depositing element铺放装置service unit控制元件Assembly groups装置系统tail out roller尾棍pulling-off screw拆卸螺杆motor lantern电机罩boomerang自动退回water blow-off device吹干装置reflector strip反光板Extruded profile挤出型胶channel insert流道内嵌块rod-shutter-system杆式百叶窗系统Side Table侧面操作台stock胶料wedges楔形物marker roller画线器辊Bottom Cementing Device底部涂胶浆机cement solution胶浆cementer胶浆装置cementer roller涂胶浆辊Cementer pump涂胶浆泵Cementer tank涂胶浆罐Support dancer unit支撑调节辊Flap on exhaust hood排气罩挡板brush涂胶浆刷Tiltable pipe clip cement supply胶浆管管夹lateral limit侧向限位festooner储料器liner reels 垫布卷轴Complexing conveyor复合传送带Adjustment tilt of strieing rollers开槽辊倾斜调整liner web垫布产品liner reel handling垫布卷轴操作liner brake 垫布制动器Roller block滚筒支座liner roll changing aid垫布辊更换辅助装置way-valve单向阀Manual lubrication by hand press手动润滑pulling-off screw拆卸螺杆Application roll颜色标记器Stripe marker 条纹标记器Extrusion tool挤出模具Selector switch选择开关Rotary joint旋转接头Aggregate start集体启动Bridge桥架Tip of extrusion screw 挤出螺杆梢Cooling pipe冷却管ejecting device弹出装置hopper section料斗部分feather key活键Cylinder head screw汽缸盖螺丝Barrel jacket机筒套Feed area of extrusion screw喂料区groove nut嵌入式螺母pull-off device脱拔装置stopper止动挡块Rolling shafts滚动轴Shuttle wagon往复车Groove nut螺母Hopper section liner 料斗衬管Torque support扭矩支撑Feed roller旁压辊Roller cage辊子保持架isle分流板。
STK中的姿态设置与应用
一、姿态设置
16）Spin about Sun vector 自旋轴指向太阳方向。
一、姿态设置
17）Precessing spin 进动自旋。
一、姿态设置
18）Fixed in Axes 与给定坐标系固连。
一、姿态设置
19）Aligned and Constrained 自定义指向方向与约束方向。
一、姿态设置
8）ECI velocity alignment with Sun constraint X轴指向惯性速度方向，Z轴由太阳方向约束（在惯性速度方向与太阳方向确定的平面内）。
一、姿态设置
9）Sun alignment with nadir constraint X轴指向太阳方向，Z轴由天底方向约束（在太阳方向与天底方向确定的平面内）。
二、矢量几何工具
可复制、修改、删除 可复制、不可修改和删除 不可复制、修改、删除
创建矢量 创建坐标轴 创建夹角 创建坐标系 创建点 创建平面
二、矢量几何工具
创建矢量
1）Angle Rate（角度变化率） 矢量垂直于定义角度的平面。须选定一个定义好的角度。
2）Apoapsis （远地点） 矢量由天体中心指向远地点。须指定中心天体、参考点和轨道根数类型，其中轨
2）设置指向轴、设置约束轴和约束方向
一、姿态设置
2）目标指向（Target Pointing）类型
3）设置基本姿态和指向姿态的切换时间
一、姿态设置
2）目标指向（Target Pointing）类型
4）设置指向姿态的时间段
一、姿态设置
2）目标指向（Target Pointing）类型
一、姿态设置
二、矢量几何工具
二、矢量几何工具
太极的优点英语作文初中
Tai Chi,also known as Tai Chi Chuan,is a traditional Chinese martial art that has gained widespread popularity around the world.It is known for its slow,controlled movements and deep breathing,which make it an excellent form of exercise for people of all ages and fitness levels.Here are some of the key advantages of practicing Tai Chi:1.Improves Balance and Coordination:The gentle,flowing movements of Tai Chi can help improve balance and coordination,which is particularly beneficial for older adults to prevent falls.2.Enhances Flexibility:Regular practice of Tai Chi can increase flexibility,as the movements involve a full range of motion for various muscle groups.3.Reduces Stress and Anxiety:The meditative aspect of Tai Chi,with its focus on deep breathing and being present in the moment,can help reduce stress and anxiety levels.4.Promotes Relaxation:The slow,deliberate movements and deep breathing techniques used in Tai Chi can promote a sense of relaxation and calmness.5.Improves Cardiovascular Health:Although Tai Chi is not a highintensity workout,it can still improve cardiovascular health by increasing circulation and lowering blood pressure.6.Boosts Immune System:Some studies suggest that Tai Chi can boost the immune system,potentially reducing the risk of illness.7.Aids in Pain Management:Tai Chi has been used as a complementary therapy for chronic pain conditions,such as arthritis and fibromyalgia,to help manage pain and improve quality of life.8.Encourages Mindfulness:The practice of Tai Chi encourages mindfulness,which can lead to a greater awareness of ones body and mind,promoting overall wellbeing.9.Supports Weight Management:While Tai Chi is not a weight loss program,the gentle exercise can contribute to weight management when combined with a healthy diet. 10.Cultivates Inner Peace:The practice of Tai Chi can help cultivate a sense of inner peace and tranquility,which can be beneficial for mental health.11.Accessible to All Ages:Unlike many forms of exercise,Tai Chi can be adapted to suit individuals of all ages and physical abilities,making it an inclusive form of exercise.12.Historical and Cultural Connection:Practicing Tai Chi also provides a connection to Chinese history and culture,offering a deeper understanding and appreciation for these aspects.In conclusion,Tai Chi offers a holistic approach to health and wellbeing,with physical, mental,and emotional benefits.It is a practice that can be enjoyed by anyone looking to improve their overall quality of life.。
明天的工作计划英语作文
Tomorrows work schedule is meticulously planned to ensure a productive and efficient day.Heres an outline of what I intend to accomplish:Morning Routine:6:00AM:Wake up and freshen up.Starting the day with a clear mind is essential for maintaining focus throughout the day.6:30AM:Engage in a30minute morning exercise routine.Physical activity helps to energize the body and stimulate the mind.7:00AM:Prepare and have a nutritious breakfast.A good meal sets the tone for the days activities.Work Schedule:8:00AM:Arrive at the office and review the days agenda.Prioritizing tasks helps in managing time effectively.8:30AM:Begin with the most challenging task of the day,as the morning hours are typically the most productive.10:00AM:Take a short break to recharge and refocus.A quick walk or a cup of coffee can help in maintaining alertness.10:15AM:Attend a team meeting to discuss ongoing projects and address any issues that may have arisen.Lunch Break:12:00PM:Have lunch and use this time to network with colleagues,fostering a positive work environment.Afternoon Tasks:1:00PM:Continue with the days tasks,focusing on client meetings and project updates. 3:00PM:Allocate time for responding to emails and phone calls,ensuring all communications are addressed promptly.4:00PM:Work on reports and documentation,ensuring all records are uptodate and accurate.Evening WrapUp:5:30PM:Review the days accomplishments and make a list of tasks for the next day. This helps in maintaining continuity and organization.6:00PM:Leave the office,ensuring a healthy worklife balance.Evening Routine:7:00PM:Engage in a relaxing activity,such as reading or listening to music,to unwind after a busy day.8:00PM:Prepare dinner and spend time with family or friends,fostering personal relationships.10:00PM:Begin winding down for the night with a light activity,such as reading or meditation,to ensure a good nights sleep.Preparation for the Next Day:11:00PM:Prepare the workspace for the next day,ensuring all materials are organized and ready for immediate use.11:30PM:Sleep.Adequate rest is crucial for maintaining productivity and overall wellbeing.This plan is designed to maximize efficiency while maintaining a healthy balance between work and personal life.By following this schedule,I aim to achieve my professional goals while also taking care of my physical and mental health.。
饭后跳舞的坏处英语作文
Dancing after a meal is a common form of entertainment and exercise for many people.However,there are several potential downsides to this practice that should be considered.Here are some of the negative aspects of dancing right after eating:1.Digestion Disruption:Engaging in physical activity immediately after eating can disrupt the digestive process.The body needs to focus on breaking down and absorbing nutrients from the food,and dancing can divert energy and blood flow away from the digestive system.2.Stomach Discomfort:The act of dancing can cause the stomach to move in ways that might lead to discomfort or even pain,especially if the meal was large or high in fiber.3.Increased Heart Rate:Dancing can increase the heart rate significantly.After a meal, the body is already working harder to digest food,and the added stress on the heart may not be advisable for individuals with certain health conditions.4.Risk of Indigestion:The combination of a full stomach and vigorous movement can lead to indigestion,which may include symptoms like bloating,gas,and heartburn.5.Potential for Acid Reflux:The physical exertion from dancing can cause stomach acids to flow back into the esophagus,leading to a burning sensation in the chest known as acid reflux or heartburn.6.Reduced Nutrient Absorption:The bodys absorption of nutrients can be less efficient when it is focused on physical activity rather than digestion.7.Increased Risk of Injury:With a full stomach,the bodys center of gravity may shift, potentially leading to a higher risk of injury during dance movements.8.Dehydration:Dancing can be dehydrating,and if youve just eaten,you might not feel as thirsty,which could lead to underestimating your bodys need for water.9.Social Etiquette:In some cultures or social settings,it may be considered impolite to engage in vigorous activities like dancing immediately after a meal.10.Energy Allocation:The body needs to allocate energy to both digestion and physical activity,which can be a strain,especially if the meal was particularly rich or heavy.To mitigate these potential issues,its generally recommended to wait at least an hour or two after eating before engaging in any strenuous physical activity,including dancing.This allows the body to begin the digestion process without the added stress of movement. Additionally,consuming a lighter meal can help reduce the impact of these downsides.。
五根手指的英语作文
The five fingers on our hands play a crucial role in our daily activities and are a topic of interest for many.Heres a detailed English essay on the subject:Title:The Significance of Our Five FingersIntroduction:The human hand is a marvel of nature,designed with precision and utility.One of the most fascinating aspects of the hand is the five fingers that it possesses.Each finger has its unique characteristics and functions,contributing to the hands dexterity and versatility.Body Paragraph1:The ThumbThe thumb is the most distinctive among the five fingers.It is shorter and thicker than the others,positioned opposite the other four,which allows for a wide range of motion and grip strength.The thumbs ability to oppose the other fingers is what gives the human hand its unparalleled grasping ability.Without the thumb,tasks such as holding a pen, turning a key,or even picking up small objects would be significantly more challenging.Body Paragraph2:The Index FingerThe index finger is often the pointer,used for indicating direction or selection.It is typically the longest finger,which makes it ideal for pointing.The index finger also plays a crucial role in fine motor skills,such as threading a needle or dialing a phone.Its dexterity is further enhanced by the muscle and tendon structure that allows for precise movements.Body Paragraph3:The Middle FingerThe middle finger is often considered the longest and most central of the fingers.It is a strong finger,providing balance to the hand when the thumb and index finger are in use. The middle finger is also involved in many hand gestures and is sometimes associated with cultural expressions,although these are not universally understood.Body Paragraph4:The Ring FingerThe ring finger is traditionally associated with commitment and love,as it is the finger on which wedding rings are commonly worn.It is slightly shorter than the middle finger but is strong and flexible,contributing to the hands overall strength and stability.The ring finger is also involved in tasks that require a delicate touch,such as playing a musical instrument or handling delicate items.Body Paragraph5:The Little FingerThe little finger,or pinky,is the smallest and weakest of the five fingers.Despite its size, it plays a significant role in the overall balance and function of the hand.When the handis extended,the little finger helps to maintain the hands shape and contributes to the hands overall grip strength.It is also used in certain hand gestures and can be a point of focus in certain cultural practices.Conclusion:In conclusion,the five fingers of the human hand are an intricate and essential part of our anatomy.Each finger has its unique role and function,contributing to the hands overall ability to perform a wide range of tasks.From the opposable thumb to the delicate little finger,the hands design is a testament to the adaptability and versatility of human anatomy.Understanding the role of each finger can help us appreciate the complexity and beauty of our own bodies.。
怎样控制自己情绪作文英语
Emotions are a natural part of the human experience,but they can sometimes be overwhelming and difficult to manage.Learning to control your emotions is essential for maintaining a healthy mental state and fostering positive relationships.Here are some strategies to help you manage your emotions effectively:1.SelfAwareness:Recognize and identify your emotions as they arise.Understanding what you are feeling is the first step in controlling it.2.Deep Breathing:When you feel overwhelmed,take a moment to breathe deeply.This can help to calm your mind and body,allowing you to think more clearly.3.Mindfulness and Meditation:Practicing mindfulness can help you stay present and focused,reducing the intensity of emotional reactions.Meditation can also help to cultivate a sense of inner peace.4.Physical Exercise:Engaging in physical activity can release tension and produce endorphins,which are natural mood elevators.5.Express Your Feelings:Find a healthy outlet for your emotions,such as writing in a journal,talking to a friend,or engaging in a creative activity.6.Set Boundaries:Learn to say no and protect your emotional wellbeing by setting boundaries with others.7.Positive SelfTalk:Replace negative thoughts with positive affirmations to change your emotional state.8.Seek Support:Dont hesitate to reach out to friends,family,or professionals for help when you need it.9.Cognitive Reframing:Change the way you think about a situation to alter your emotional response.This involves looking at the situation from a different perspective.10.Distraction:Sometimes,taking your mind off the situation can help.Engage in activities that you enjoy and that require your full attention.11.Sleep:Ensure you get enough ck of sleep can exacerbate emotional instability.12.Healthy Diet:Eating a balanced diet can have a positive impact on your mood and overall emotional health.13.Humor:Laughter can be a powerful tool for diffusing tension and lightening your emotional state.14.Acceptance:Accept that its okay to feel emotions and that you dont always have to control them immediately.Sometimes,acknowledging your feelings can be enough to lessen their intensity.15.Professional Help:If your emotions are consistently difficult to manage,consider seeking the help of a therapist or counselor.By incorporating these strategies into your daily life,you can develop the skills necessary to control your emotions and respond to challenging situations in a healthier and more balanced way.Remember,its a process,and its okay to have moments where you struggle.The key is to keep practicing and seeking ways to improve your emotional wellbeing.。
福建中考英语作文15分评分标准
福建中考英语作文15分评分标准Fujian Junior High School English Composition 15-point Scoring Criteria1. Content (6 points)- Relevance: Does the composition directly address the given topic? Is the content focused and to the point?- Creativity: Is the composition original? Does it show a unique perspective or approach to the topic?- Depth: Does the composition delve into the topic in a meaningful way? Are there detailed examples or explanations provided?2. Organization (4 points)- Structure: Is there a clear introduction, body, and conclusion? Are the paragraphs well-organized and logically connected?- Transition: Are there smooth transitions between ideas and paragraphs? Does the composition flow smoothly?- Unity: Is there a central theme or idea that ties the composition together? Is there a sense of coherence throughout?3. Language (5 points)- Vocabulary: Is there a wide range of vocabulary used, including appropriate word choice and idiomatic expressions?- Grammar: Are there few grammatical errors? Is there a variety of sentence structures used?- Fluency: Is the writing fluent and easy to read? Are there any awkward phrasings or language barriers?4. Mechanics (15 points)- Spelling: Are there few to no spelling errors? Are proper nouns and tricky words spelled correctly?- Punctuation: Are commas, periods, and other punctuation marks used appropriately? Are run-on sentences avoided?- Capitalization: Are proper nouns and the beginning of sentences capitalized correctly?- Format: Is the composition formatted correctly, with proper spacing, indentation, and paragraph breaks?- Neatness: Is the handwriting legible? Is the paper neat and well-organized?Overall, students will be evaluated based on these criteria to determine their final score out of 15 points. It is important for students to pay attention to the content, organization, language, and mechanics of their compositions in order to achieve the highest possible score. Good luck to all students taking the Fujian Junior High School English Composition exam!。
英语作文介绍主题公园
When introducing a theme park in an English essay,it is essential to capture the essence of the park,its attractions,and the overall experience it offers to visitors.Heres a structured approach to writing such an essay:Title:The Thrills and Excitement of Theme Park NameIntroduction:Begin by setting the scene and introducing the theme park.Mention its location,the year it was established,and a brief overview of what makes it unique.Paragraph1History and Background:Delve into the history of the theme park,including its inception,the vision of its founders, and how it has evolved over the years.Discuss any significant milestones or expansions that have contributed to its current status.Paragraph2Themed Areas and Attractions:Describe the different themed areas within the park.Highlight the unique design and atmosphere of each area,and mention some of the most popular attractions.For example, if theres a section dedicated to a fantasy world,describe the rides and experiences that transport visitors to that realm.Paragraph3Rides and Experiences:Detail some of the most thrilling and unique rides.Mention their features,such as height, speed,and special effects.Include any recordbreaking aspects or technological innovations that set these rides apart.Paragraph4Entertainment and Shows:Discuss the various forms of live entertainment offered at the park.This could include parades,stage shows,and interactive experiences.Mention the themes and special effects used to enhance these performances.Paragraph5Dining and Shopping:Explore the culinary offerings within the park.Describe the variety of dining options, from quickservice eateries to fine dining restaurants.Also,discuss the shops and the types of souvenirs and merchandise available for visitors to take home.Paragraph6Special Events and Seasons:Highlight any special events or seasonal celebrations that the park hosts,such as Halloween or Christmasthemed attractions.Describe how the park transforms during these times and what additional experiences visitors can enjoy.Paragraph7Accessibility and Services:Address the parks commitment to accessibility and the services provided for guests with disabilities.Mention any special accommodations,such as wheelchair access,sign language interpreters,or assistive listening devices.Conclusion:Summarize the key points of the essay,emphasizing the parks appeal to a wide range of visitors.Conclude with a personal reflection on the experience of visiting the theme park and why it stands out among others.Word of Caution:Ensure that the essay maintains a positive and engaging tone throughout,as the goal is to entice readers to want to visit the theme e vivid language and descriptive adjectives to bring the park to life on the page.。
奥运会精彩解说英语作文
The Olympic Games, a grand spectacle of sports and unity, have always been a source of inspiration and excitement for me. As a high school student with a passion for sports, I find the Olympics to be an incredible platform that showcases the best of human spirit, determination, and athletic prowess. The thrill of watching athletes from around the globe compete at the highest level is unmatched, and the commentary that accompanies these events adds another layer of depth and understanding to the experience.Growing up, I was always fascinated by the stories of Olympic athletes, their journeys, and the challenges they overcame to reach the pinnacle of their sports. The commentators at the Olympics play a crucial role in bringing these stories to life, providing insights into the athletes backgrounds, their training regimens, and the strategies they employ during their events.One of the most memorable Olympic moments for me was the 2008 Beijing Olympics, where the world witnessed the incredible performance of Usain Bolt. As the commentator exclaimed, Hes not just running hes flying!, I felt a surge of adrenaline and awe. Bolts recordbreaking sprints were not just about speed they were about defying the limits of human capability. The commentary during his races was electric, capturing the essence of the moment and the sheer disbelief of the audience.Another aspect of Olympic commentary that I find captivating is the analysis of the technical aspects of each sport. For instance, during gymnastics events, the commentators dissect the intricacies of eachroutine, explaining the difficulty levels of the moves and the finesse required to execute them flawlessly. This level of detail not only enhances the viewing experience but also helps viewers appreciate the skill and dedication that goes into each performance.The emotional connection that commentators establish with the audience is another aspect of Olympic commentary that resonates with me. Their ability to convey the intensity of the moment, the tension, and the sheer joy of victory or the disappointment of defeat is truly remarkable. During the 2016 Rio Olympics, when Michael Phelps secured his 23rd gold medal, the commentators voice was filled with emotion as he declared, Phelps is not just a swimmer he is a legend! This statement encapsulated the magnitude of Phelps achievement and the impact he has had on the sport of swimming.Moreover, the commentary during the Olympics also serves as a platform for promoting unity and inclusivity. The commentators often highlight the diversity of the athletes, their cultural backgrounds, and the unique challenges they face. This narrative helps to break down barriers and fosters a sense of global community, reminding us that despite our differences, we are all united by the shared pursuit of excellence.In conclusion, the Olympic Games are a celebration of human achievement, and the commentary that accompanies these events is an integral part of the experience. It provides insights, analysis, and emotional connection that enriches our understanding of the athletes and their performances. As a high school student, I am inspired by the stories of determination andresilience that I hear during the Olympics, and I am grateful for the commentators who bring these stories to life. The Olympics are not just about sports they are about the human spirit, and the commentary is the voice that narrates this incredible journey.。
Arcan CP401 40吨空气杠杆压机说明书
SHOP PRESSASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONSCP401 - 40 TON AIR OVER SHOP PRESSP .O. Box 58 Travelers Rest, SC 29690 Phone: (800) 879-7316 Fax: (864) 834-0073A - Total HeightB - Inside WidthC - Press Feet LengthD - Bed WidthE - Stroke (ram travel distance from fully retracted position to fully extended position)F - Pin DiameterG - Motor ControlH - Press Plates IncludedPRESS SPECIFICATIONSArcan Model No. A B C D E FGHCP40174.25"32"29.75"12"6.75"1.25" Air Assist Y(2)© Copyright 2007, Arcan Professional ToolsSAFETY INFORMATIONThis symbol alerts you to the possibilityof serious injury or death if instructionsare not followed.This symbol alerts you to the possibilityof damage to or destruction of equipmentif instructions are not followed.Failure to heed these warnings may result in lossof load, damage to the press and/or failureresulting in property damage, personal or fatal injury. This operating manual contains important details concerning the safe operation of this tool. The user must read and understand these details before any use of the tool. This manual must be retained for future reference.• Read, study, and understand all instruction manuals packed with this press before operating.• Always wear safety goggles.• Parts being pressed may splinter, shatter, or be ejected from the press at a dangerous rate of speed. Because of the variety of pressapplications, it is your responsibility to always use adequate guardsand wear eye protection and heavy protective clothing when operatingthepress.• Visual inspection should be made before each use of the press, checking for signs of cracked welds, bent bed pins, loose or missing bolts, leaks, or any other structural damage.• Do not go near leaks. High pressure oil can puncture skin and cause serious injury, gangrene, or death. If injured, seek emergency medical help. Immediate surgery is required to remove oil.• Keep hands and fingers out of the press and away from parts that may shift and pinch. Do not stand in front of work area when load is applied. • Always use an accurate pressure gauge to measure pressing force.• Do not exceed the rated capacity of this press.• Never tamper with hydraulic system pressure settings.• Do not substitute bolts, pins or any part of the components. Use only genuine factory replacement parts.• Always center load on ram plunger. Offset loads can damage ram and may cause load to eject at a dangerous rate of speed.• Remove all loads from press bed before attempting to adjust bed height.Beware of possibility of falling bed.• Press only on loads supported by press bed and included press plates.Do not support loads on floor or press frame.• When using any accessories such as arbor plates, be certain they are centered on press bed and are in full contact with press bed.• Before applying load, be certain all press bed supporting pins are fullyengaged.• Always use a bearing shield when pressing bearings. Use caution when positioning work to be pressed to ensure that the item that is to bepressed cannot be dislodged or broken during press work. This mayresult in the item being ejected from the press at a dangerous rate ofspeed.• Release hydraulic pressure before loosening any fittings.• Maintain proper hydraulic fluid levels.• Do not make any alterations to the press.OWNER/USER RESPONSIBILITYThe owner and/or user must have an understanding of the manufacturer's operating instructions and warnings before using this press. Personnel involved in the use and operation of equipment must be careful, competent, trained, and qualified in the safe operation of the equipment and its proper use when servicing motor vehicles and their components.Warning information should be emphasized and understood.If the operator is not fluent in English, the manufacturer's instructions and warnings must be read to and discussed with the operator in the operator's native language by the purchaser/owner, making sure thatthe operator comprehends its contents.Owner and/or user must study and maintain for future reference the manufacturer’s instructions. Owner and/or user is responsible for keeping all warning labels and instruction manuals legible and intact. Replacement labels and literature are available from the manufacturers.INSPECTIONVisual inspection of the shop press should be made before each use of the press, checking for damaged, loose or missing parts. Each press must be inspected by a manufacturer’s repair facility immediately if subjected to an abnormal load or shock. Any press which appears to be damaged in any way, is found to be badly worn, or operates abnormally must be removed from service until necessary repairs are made by a manufacturers's authorized repair facility. It is recommended that an annual inspection of the press be made by a manufacturer’s authorized repair facility and that any defective parts, decals or warning labels be replaced with manufacturer’s specified parts. A list of authorized repair facilities is available from the manufacturer. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS• CHECK YOUR LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SAFE USE OF THIS EQUIPMENT.• Your safety is a top priority. Please handle equipment with care.• Fully retract unit and remove all items from the press bed frame.• Support the press bed and remove the pins.• Raise or lower bed to desired height and reinstall press pins. Be certain pins are fully engaged in the parallel flanges of the upright columns.• Position press on a flat, level, hard surface, preferably concrete.Make sure all nuts and bolts are tight.• Clear the area of bystanders, especially small children, before using.• Set the press bed to the required height. The press is most effective when the work piece is located 1 inch below the ram’s retracted position.The compression stroke can include the entire 5 inch working range.• The press is designed to exert a force on anything which is positioned beneath its ram. The work piece can be ejected from under the ram ata high rate of speed and can injure someone.• Pressing Bearings: It is essential that you use the bearing shield when pressing bearings are on or off.OPERATION1. Press beds are adjustable up and down to fully take advantageof available ram travel and numerous work pieces.2. Slowly open release valve on power unit. With the power unitin its stored position, remove all items from the press bed.3. Be sure press bed is supported properly and remove press bed pins.4. Raise or lower press bed to desired height, and reinstall pressbed pins. Be certain pins are completely through both sidesof frame, as these pins are the major support mechanism for the bed.We want to know if you have any problems with our products.If you are missing any parts or find any damage, call Arcan directly,and we will remedy the situation. Please do not call the store whereyou purchased this product.Phone: (800) 879-7316Email:**********************。
组织比赛英语作文
Organizing a CompetitionOrganizing a competition can be an exciting and rewarding experience, providing participants with an opportunity to showcase their skills and talents. However, it also requires careful planning and execution to ensure that the event runs smoothly and achieves its desired goals.Firstly, it is crucial to determine the purpose and format of the competition. Are you aiming to showcase a specific skill or talent? Are you targeting a particular audience? Answers to these questions will help you shape the competition's structure and rules. For instance, if you're organizing a spelling bee, you'll need to devise a system for eliminating contestants and determining the winner. If it's a cooking competition, you'll need to decide on the dishes to be cooked and the criteria for judging.Next, you need to set a timeline for the competition. This includes deciding on the registration deadline, the date and time of the event, and any deadlines for submitting entries or completing tasks. Ensuring that everyone involved is aware of these deadlines is essential to maintaining the competition's momentum.Finding the right venue for the competition is also crucial. It should be large enough to accommodate all participants and spectators comfortably, and it should have the necessary facilities to support the event. If you're organizing a sports competition, you'll need to ensure that the venue has appropriate playing fields or courts. For a creative writing competition, you might need a quiet room with enough desks and chairs for everyone.Promotion is another key aspect of organizing a competition. Utilize social media, flyers, and word-of-mouth to spread awareness and generate interest. Creating a buzz around the event can help attract more participants and spectators.On the day of the competition, it's important to have a clear plan for managing the event. This includes assigning roles and responsibilities to volunteers or staff members, ensuring that all equipment and materials are in place, and having a contingency plan in case of any unexpected issues. Finally, don't forget to celebrate the winners and recognize the efforts of all participants. This can be done through awards, certificates, or simply by acknowledging their achievements. The competition should be a positive experience for everyoneinvolved, and recognizing their efforts is a great way to end the event on a high note.In conclusion, organizing a competition requires careful planning and execution. By determining the purpose and format, setting a timeline, finding the right venue, promoting the event, and managing the day of the competition, you can create a successful and enjoyable event for all participants.。
中职英语基础模块2(修订版)第四单元Unit 4单词
基础模块2（修订版） U4 Volunteer Work
responsible public
knowledge organization
include
responsible
/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任心的
基础模块2（修订版） U4 Volunteer Work
responsible public
knowledge organization
include
public
/ˈpʌblɪk/ n. 公众
基础模块2（修订版） U4 Volunteer Work
responsible public
knowledge organization
include
knowledge
/ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识
基础模块2（修订版） U4 Volunteer Work
apply activity volunteer amazing graduate
amazing
/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的
基础模块2（修订版） U4 Volunteer Work
apply activity volunteer amazing graduate
inform participation department
inform
/ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 通知
基础模块2（修订版） U4 Volunteer Work
exhibit electronic
inform participation department
participation
/pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/ n. 参加； 参与
基础模块2（修订版） U4 Volunteer Work
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急性出血的最初处理： 停用任何抗凝剂 逆转任何出血性紊乱 监测、降颅压及支持治 疗 侧脑室穿刺 CT定位血肿穿刺
是
否
腰穿无
颈 动 脉 超声 UCG 急性缺血的最初 处理： 监测及支持治疗 抗血小板治疗
卒 中 监 护 病 房
回顾对病人及家庭的危险性/益处： 如果可以--开始溶栓治疗 神经系统监测：如果恶化，即刻行 CT JI监测BP及生命体征 溶栓24h内不进行抗凝及抗血小板治 疗,24h后复查CT
三、初级卒中中心建立的重要意义
到目前为止，卒中初级中心是治疗卒中 的最佳方法。它的效果优于目前所有的 治疗方法，包括溶栓、抗凝、抗血小板 等。卒中单元可以明显降低病死率和减 轻生活依赖程度。包括如下：
初级卒中中心的最终目标
1）采用了多种治疗手段使得总体疗效提高， 这是产生满意度提高的根本原因。 2）由于要对患者和家属进行健康教育，使得 医务人员与患者及其家属之间的沟通增多。 3）在语言治疗和心理治疗中，也增加与患者 面对面的交流机会。 4）重要的是在初级卒中中心强调人文关怀， 医生、护士、康复师更注重患者的生存质量。
CT是否显示脑内出血或SAH
可能急性缺血性卒中： 重读CT:是否有病灶 重复神经系统检查：是否症状易变，是 否症状迅速恢复 复习溶栓方案：是否有禁忌 复习病人资料：目前缺血发作是否>3h
是
动脉瘤 AVM 瘤卒中 小脑出血 脑室出血 巨大血肿
DSA
导管室
脑 脊 液 血 性
MRI酌情 如果高度怀疑SAH,CT（-），行腰 穿（腰穿后紧急溶栓治疗） 病人是否符 合溶栓条件
（二）病员的需求
随着生活水平的提高，人们对生存质量
的要求也越来越高。
(三)学术的领先
目前“组织化卒中单元”在中国仅仅是 个概念引进的阶段，全国只有少数几家 大型医院正在筹划组建。“组织化卒中 单元”强调脑卒中病变全过程的干预， 对患者院前、院中及出院后信息的采集、 数据库的建立和控制完整起来，对树立 该医院的学术地位很有帮助，提高医院 的知名度。
立即一般评估：自到院后<10分钟 生命体征 血标本：血常规，凝血功能，血糖，电解质，肾 功能 心电图 一般神经功能评估 卒中小组到达 开辟静脉通道
立即神经功能评估：自到院后<25分钟 回顾病史 确定发病时间 大体检查 神经系统检查：确定昏迷程度 确定卒中严重程度 急诊CT<25分钟 读CT<30分钟
卒中绿色通道建立的必要性 -初级卒中中心建立的可行性
神经内科
一、 组织化卒中单元
定义：是一种针对脑卒中患者诊治的新模 式。是指多学科的、合作的和整合的医疗 计划，目的是提供给病人最佳医疗服务， 包括高质量、标准化、有效的和花费效果 合适的措施。完整的卒中医疗包括7个过 程——大众健康教育、一级预防、院前处 理、急性期治疗、康复、回归社会和二级 预防。
四、卒中绿色通道的建立
“时间就是脑”的概念意味着卒中的治疗应 该被视为一种急症。 卒中单元的建立能从分体现医院以病人为本 的理念，从分体现了对生命的尊重，对生命 的敬畏。 卒中绿色通道的建立是卒中中心顺利运行的、快速、有效、多方合作。它将卒中各 相关科室有机整合。 卒中绿色通道可以有效地提高卒中患者的住 院速度，让患者尽快地得到有效准确的规范 化治疗，挽救患者生命，解除患者痛苦，从 而更有效地提高患者的治愈率，降低致残率、 死亡率，减少住院费用，增加经济效益和社 会效益。
二、初级卒中中心运行流程如下
（ 1）院前处理，包括普通公众的早期 症状识别、快速急诊急诊反应、评价和 转运、建立卒中寻呼系统。
（ 2）院中处理：包括设定多学科卒中小 组、设定负责医生/卒中小组负责人、有 经验的急诊护士、建立急诊卒中评价区、 制定适合当地环境的治疗指南、快速准 确的病人筛选和评价以及诊断、快速启 动检查和随访的治疗、住院病人康复程 序、病人与家属的健康教育、健康职业 教育等。
（ 3）院后处理，包括门诊病人康复服 务、继续治疗和教育、建立卒中预防/危 险因素控制门诊。
卒中急救诊治流程图
可疑卒中
迅速识别疑似脑卒中患者并尽快送到医院 1、一侧肢体（伴或不伴面部）无力或麻木； 2、一侧面部麻木或口角歪斜； 3、说话不清或理解语言困难； 4、双眼向一侧凝视； 5、一侧或双眼视力丧失或模糊； 6、眩晕伴呕吐； 7、既往少见的严重头痛、呕吐； 8、意识障碍或抽搐
二、初级卒中中心建立的可行性
“初级卒中中心”建设的构想符合建 设现代化医院特色专科总体战略思想的 一个桥头堡，符合市场需求、病员需求、 具有相当学术地位的核心诊疗技术手段。 并可以此为契机联合全院其他相关兄弟 科室，建立初级卒中治疗中心。
（一）市场的需求
目前脑血管病死亡率及致残率居首位， 本病致残后严重影响病人日常生活造成 社会及家庭的沉重负担。 初级卒中中心的建立对于提高医院的总 收入，创造单病种的规模效益都有着重 要的价值、提高规模效益和总收入是当 前医院在激烈市场竞争中成败的两个重 要因素。