上海市控江中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题 Word版

控江中学高二第二学期英语期中试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word best fits each blank.Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) ________ (search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) ________ means “to write in a Romance language.” and on to the English romance.The romance languages (23) ________ (compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ________ their basis. These languages include French, Italian. Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25) ________is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales (26) ________ (write) primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) ________ (develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th , a romance was not a love story (28) ________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) ________ (include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance? Does it have any relationship with the lively. Popular novels written today. with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in the picture of Dorian Gray: “When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) ________. And one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Who’s a good dog? Well, that depends on whom you’re asking, of course. But new research suggests that the next time you look at your pup, whether Maltese or Mastiff, you might need to ___31___ your words carefully. “Both what we say and how we say it matter to dogs,” said Attila Andics, a researcher at Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest.Dr. Andics, who studies language and behavior in dogs and humans along with several other colleagues, ___32___ the findings in a paper published in the journal Science. As with people’s brains, parts of dogs’ left hemisphere（左半球）react to meaning and parts of their right hemisphere react to intonation（语调）--- the ___33___ content of a sound. Only a word of ___34___ said in a positive tone can really make the reword system of a dog’s brain light up.The experiment itself was something of a(n)___35___. Dr. Andics’ team trained dogs to enter a magnetic resonance imaging machine （磁共振成像机）and lie in a harness （背带）while the machine recorded their brain activity.A trainer spoke words in Hungarian --- ___36___ words used by dog owners like “good boy,” “super” and “well done.” The trainer also tried neutral words like “however” and “still.” Both the praise words and neutral words were ___37___ in positive and neutral intonations.It turned out that the positive words spoken in a positive tone prompted ___38___ activity in the canine brain’s reward system. All the other conditions resulted in significantly less action at the same level. In other words, “good boy” said in neutral tone and “however” said in positive or neutral tone got the same ___39___.The findings mean dogs are paying attention to meaning and emotion, and that owners should, too. In terms of the evolution of language, the results suggest that the ability to ___40___ meaning and emotion in different parts of the brain and tie them together is not uniquely human. This skill had already evolved in non-primates（非灵长类动物）long before humans began to talk.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A screen door（纱门）allows for an open view while at the same time affording a degree of privacy. ___41___, communication between parents and their child away at college should have openness in expressing viewpoints but, at the same time, it should demonstrate a respect for privacy. Staying in touch with each other is important because without ___42___, there is no connection and worry can take over. All involved should try to be ___43___ in listening to, understanding and dealing with special concerns or needs that arise whether they be from the student, parents or friends.For the happy student adjusting well at school, calls to home can be infrequent. This is not necessarily a cause for parents to ___44___. While parents are naturally ___45___ about what their child is up to, the majority of students are busy getting accustomed to their new home, making new friends and ___46___to new schedules and activities. The fact is that without any ill intention on purpose, they can spend little time thinking about home and they may not appreciate the degree of their parents’ ___47___curiosity.For the student who is not adjusting well at school, calls to home will probably be made more ___48___. This circumstance can bring a ____49___ period for both parent and child. For the parents at home, it can be terribly ___50___ to sense their child is unhappy. It is difficult to judge how we should react to this challenge: as ___51___, we want to bring our children home to the safety of our nest; in our parent-teacher role, we want to ___52___ the ties and allow our child the opportunity to make it on his/her own.For the student away at school, unhappiness can be lonely and frightening and in some cases, it can lead to depression and illness. There is a sense of ___53___ for some homesick students who fear that Mon and Dad will ___54___ their inability to cope with the new environment. This is especially true when the homesick one sees classmates adjusting somewhat effortlessly. No matter what the circumstances are that have created ___55___, communication between parent and child must remain open, honest and in balance.41. A. Relatively B. Contrarily C. Typically D. Similarly42. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. communication43. A. sensitive B. confident C. casual D. modest44. A. cheer B. regret C. worry D. wonder45. A. uninformed B. curious C. happy D. sensible46. A. adding B. referring C. adjusting D. leading47. A. strange B. increasing C. awakened D. normal48. A. formally B. frequently C. sincerely D. patiently49. A. disappointing B. recovering C. challenging D. training50. A. disturbing B. damaging C. demanding D. exhausting51. A. protectors B. reminders C. inspectors D. individuals52. A. maintain B. establish C. restore D. cut53. A. relief B. responsibility C. achievement D. embarrassment54. A. get bored with B. get upset with C. be ignorant of D. be honest with55. A. opportunity B. uncertainty C. unhappiness D. nervousnessSection BDirections:Read the following four passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )It was near the end of summer in my 16th year. I was riding in the back seat of a large van heading down an endless road. I was at the end of a two-week road trip with several other teenagers to visit a college in lowa. Along the way I had spent several days in Pittsburgh, Chicago, and on the road, I felt tired, solitary, and homesick. It was the longest that I had ever been away from my family.I glanced out of my window and suddenly my heart leapt. There, in the distance, I could see them: the beautiful mountains of my home. After days and days on the dry, brown plains I finally saw the green hills in which I had grown up again. As we got closer and closer to those green mountains I felt myself becoming happier and happier. My face lit up and my smile returned. Warmth filled my spirit. It felt so good to be going home. It was such a joy to be heading back to the place where I was raised. It was such a blessing to finally know that I was almost back where I belonged.Looking back on that memory makes me wonder what it will be like when I finally return to my true home. Even for the longest life, this world is just a temporary residence. It is a place that we learn, love and grow in, but it isn’t really home. Our true home lies beyond this world and its love, joy and beauty cannot be described in words. It is where our family awaits us.Until I reach that blessed place, though, I will do my best to enjoy each day of life’s journeyhere. I will do my best to use every moment to get a little closer to home. I will do my best to travel through life with a loving heart, a pleasant smile and a giving spirit.56. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Getting Closer to HomeB. A joyous SmileC. An Unforgettable JourneyD. My Beautiful Hometown57. Which of the following CANNOT describe the author’s feelings in the first paragraph?A. Worn outB. LonelyC. Missing his familyD. Pleased and happy58. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?A. The author went on the trip by bike.B. The author spent days travelling abroad.C. The author had been travelling on the plains.D. The author had once been on a longer trip than this one.59. According to the passage, what the author most values is ________.A. how long he livesB. his familyC. his hometownD. how many places he visits( B )We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.How to use your NatWest ServicecardAs a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money or an agreed overdraft（透支）to cover it. It is also a cheque guarantee card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.How to use your NatWest CashcardYou can use your Cashcard as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cashmachines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw （提取）what you have in your account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.Using your card abroadYou can also use your Servicecard and Cashcard when you’re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see the Cirrus or Macstro logo displayed. We take a commission charge（手续费）of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make (up to £4) and commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro to pay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.65%.How to use your NatWest Credit CardWith you r credit card you can do the following:✧Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days’ interest-free credit.✧Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Mastercard or Visa logos.✧Collect on AIR MILE for every £20 of spending that appears on your statement（结算单）.(This does not include foreign currency or traveler’s cheques bought, interest and other charges.)60. If you carry the Servicecard or the Cashcard, _______.A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wish.B. you can spend as much money as you like without a limitC. you can draw your money from cash machines convenientlyD. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK61. If you withdraw £200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged_______,A. £ 4B. £ 4.5C. £5.25D. £ 5.362. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.B. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.C. You can use the card in any shop across the world.D. You will gain one air mile if you spend £20 on traveller’s cheques.63. The purpose of the passage is to show you how to ________.A. play your cards rightB. draw cash with your cardsC. pay for goods with your cardsD. have your cards at your disposal( C )A simple piece of rope hangs between some environmentally-friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who have begun to see clothes dryers as wasteful consumers of energy (up to 6% of total electricity) and powerful emitters of carbon dioxide (up to a ton of carbon dioxide per household every year). As an alternative, they are turning to clotheslines as part of what Alexander Lee, an environmentalist, calls “What-I-can-do environmentalism.”But on the other side are people who oppose air-drying laundry outside on aesthetic（美的）grounds. Increasingly, they have persuaded community and homeowners associations (HOAs) across the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, which they say not only look unsightly but also lower surrounding property values. those actions, in turn, have sparked a right-to-dry movement that is pressing for legislation（立法）to protect the choice to use clotheslines. Only three states – Florida, Hawaii and Utah – have laws written broadly enough to protect clotheslines. Right-to-dry advocates argue that there should be more.Matt Reck is the kind of eco-conscious guy who feeds his trees with both water and recycles condensation drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But Otto Hagen, president of Reck’s HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, informed him that a neighbor had complained about his line. The Recks ignored the warning and still dry their clothes on a rope in the yard. “Many people claim to be environmentally friendly but don’t take matters into their own hands,” says Reck. HOAs Hagen has decided to hold off taking action. “I’m not going to go crazy,” he says. “But if Matt keeps his line and more neighbors complain, I’ll have to address it again.”North Carolina lawmakers tried and failed earlier this year to insert language into an energy bill that would expressly prevent HOAs from regulating clotheslines. But the issue remains a touchy one with HOAs and real estate agents. “Most aesthetic restrictions are rooted, to a degree, in the belief that homogenous（统一协调的）exteriors are supportive of property value,” says Sara Stubbins, executive director of the Community Association Institute’s North Carolina chapter. In other words, associations worry that housing prices will fall if prospective buyers think their would-be neighbors are too poor to afford dryers.Alexander Lee dismissed the notion that clotheslines devalue property assets, advocating that the idea “needs to change in light of global warming.” “We all have to do at least something to decrease our carbon footprint,” Alexander Lee says.64. What is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of using clothes dryers?A. Electricity consumption.B. Air pollution.C. Waste of energy.D. Ugly looking.65. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A .Opposers think air-drying laundry would devalue surrounding assets.B. Opposers consider the outdoor clothesline as an eyesore to the scenery.C. Right-to-dry movements led to the pass of written laws to protect clotheslines.D. Most of states in the US have no written laws to protect clotheslines.66. In the last paragraph Alexander Lee recommends that __________.A. we should protect the environment in the community.B. clotheslines wouldn’t lessen the property values.C. the globe would become warmer and warmer.D. clotheslines should be banned in the community.67. An appropriate title for the passage might be _________,A. Opinions on Environmental Protection.B. Opinions on Air-drying Laundry.C. What-I-Can-Do Environmentalism.D. Restrictions on Clotheslines.( D )Genetic testing offers people insights into the types of diseases they are most likely to develop --- but a new study suggests most people do not alter their lifestyles based on this information. These tests --- known as genome sequencing – analyze a person’s DNA, telling patients about their known risk for diseases like cancer or diabetes. But being told you’re at a higher risk for lung cancer doesn’t seem to motivate anyone to quit smoking or alcohol, this study suggests. Because of this, the scholars argue that genetic testing should be banned as a tool for improving people’s health.Today’s findings came from pulling data from 18 other studies that followed people afterthey received the results of genetic tests. Receiving information about genetic risks didn’t inspire people to eat differently, exercise more, or stop smoking. “Expectations have been high that giving people information about their genetic risk will empower them to change their behavior, but we have found no evidence that this is the case,” study author Theresa Marteau, director of behavior and health research said in a press release.Genetic testing, which the National Institutes of Health says costs anywhere from $100 to $2,000, has become much more accessible as commercial testing companies such as 23andMe and Sure Genomics have sprung up. These companies are not allowed to share disease risk estimates with consumers thanks to the Food and Drug Administration. However, today’s study didn’t specify whether the genetic testing were purely from academic sequencing, or if any of these companies had had a role in supplying the data.Genetic testing doesn’t get people to change their behavior for the better, but it doesn’t have any known negative effects either. Knowing the results of these tests didn’t change people’s depression or anxiety levels. And there’s no indication that testing inspires people to pick up risky or dangerous health habits either, the study found.Actually a genetic Predisposition to a certain disease is common among people. Some people are born weak in heart. Some are innately vulnerable in digestive system. But these most common risk factors usually don’t raise a person’s chances of getting the disease by a significant amount. It’s possible that some of the patients in the study had substantially high disease risks based on their DNA profile, but those patients tend to be rather rare. “It’s still likely that communicating this type of information is very valuable to some people, but it’s just that there aren’t that many of those people,” Zikmund-Fisher from the University of Michigan said, “The idea that providing genetic risk information is going to be transformative to everyone seems unlikely.”68. Why did some expert suggest stopping genetic testing?A. Genome sequencing aren’t accurate in detecting certain disease risks.B. Genetic testing results fail to encourage people to remove bad habits.C. Genetic testing does neither good nor harm to people’s behavioral improvement.D. Genetic testing results are offered by commercial testing companies.69. The underlined word predisposition to in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.A. testing onB. prediction aboutC. sensitivity toD. insight into70. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Sure Genomics is forbidden to deliver illness risk expectations to patients.B. Theresa Marteau believes genetic testing helps to change people’s behaviors.C. Genetic testing results are totally coming from academic sequencing.D. Genetic testing results in a way worsen the patients’ moods and emotions.71. People’s unconcerned response to genetic testing doesn’t cause much harm because ________.A. getting rid of bad life habits doesn’t do much good to people’s healthB. almost all people have certain disease risks based on genetic testingC. providing genetic risk information interferes with the medical treatmentD. genetic testing shows few people are at a high risk of getting certain diseasesSection CDirections:Read the following text from which four sentences are removed. Choose from the sentences A-F the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.Class Clowns PleaseWANTED: smart, fit and unflappable （临危不乱的）applicants for humanity’s first mission to Mars. Must have: craze wig, oversized boots and a big red nose.NASA plans to fly astronauts around the moon in 2023 as part of its preparation for a crewed mission to Mars as early as 2033. A mission to Mars is no easy job. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles from Earth and the travel time one way is around eight months. The distance aloneis expected to cause harm to their mental health. Astronauts must also face a time delay in communications of up to 20 minutes each way. _________72_________The crew are effectively on their own.Jeffrey Johnson, an anthropologist（人类学家）at the University of Florida, is now working with NASA to explore whether class clowns are vital for the success of long space missions. Early results suggest they are. “______73_______” said Johnson. “It’s vital that you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so that they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It’s mission-critical.”Johnson spent four years studying over wintering crews in Antarctica. _____74________ One isolated salmon fisherman he observed endured a mock（模拟的）funeral and burial in the tundra（冻原）. However, nobody ignored his important role in building bridges between researchers and contractors（承包商）.Historically, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen also appreciated the importance of the expedition clown. In 1910, he picked the large, cheerful chef Adolf Lindstrom for his attempt to reach the South Pole, knowing that Lindstrom’s joie de vivre（生活的乐趣）would relieve the stress of homesickness and the long polar nights. “He has offered greater and more valuable services to the Norwegian polar expedition than any other man,” Amundsen noted in his diary.Lindstrom was a great entertainer who helped keep up spirits and morale（士气）over the long winter. _______75_________But there is more to it than making people laugh. Being funny won’t be enough for someone to land the job, after all.Ⅱ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.76. 取决于不同的文化，你穿白色还是黑色的衣服区参加葬礼，那是大有区别的。