2018届高三英语复习：专题四 阅读理解2.4.4 含解析
2018年英语专四真题和参考答案与解析
WORD 格式整理版2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’ s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a verypopular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of_____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football,as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17.At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive materialis altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate,only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase“ only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’ s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’ m getting terribly behind .D. I suppose I’ m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immenselyproud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of rawmaterials.A. cutB.buoy C.offer D.offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she“ has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle—or a good selfie overall—is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation ofsporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB.furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers ’ union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “ deplorable” school conditions.A.firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19thcentury cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’ s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passageif inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCEONLY. Mark the letterfor each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. Hesent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers.Although he expected somereaction,the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into theidentity of the unknown professor.They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation.The rule says that we should try to repay,in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should doher one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we shouldremember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invites us to a party,we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocityrule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompanyWORD 格式整理版the receipt of such things that a term like“much obliged” has become asynonym for“thank you,” not only in the English language but in othersas well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It isso widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener canreport that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C andD.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1 ） The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establishcolonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. Theywanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments,priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those firstsettlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character.By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy,they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americansmean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church,or any other organized authority.(2)There is,however,a price to be paid for this individual freedom:self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early asWORD 格式整理版possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity:competition.If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in orderto succeed; a person must compete with others.The pressures of competition in the lifeof an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact,any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United Statesis to have a better life.Because of its abundant natural resources,the United States appeared to be a“ land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes.The phrase “ going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Manypeople did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the Americanpeople, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hardwork has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways,material possessions are seen as evidence of people ’s abilities.Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement,but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character.Rather, they should be thought of as themes,as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41.Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining Americanvalues?WORD 格式整理版A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned,and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and—perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something goodin their countries,there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are alsothe Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prizeand the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect tosee their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the DaVinci Code for popularity.The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists whodo things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personalityof the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year.This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to peoplewho deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren ’t short of cash!WORD 格式整理版(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awardsfor“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists orscientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens.A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize,many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremonyis seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sellslots more records.(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies.This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but alsothe sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win- win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question — how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author ’ s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.WORD 格式整理版D. Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing.D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was takento break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’sfriend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office whennews of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading thelist of “killed”.He had only taken the time to assure himself of its t ruth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itselfshe went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, presseddown by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singingreached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the cloudsthat had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itselfto sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixedaway off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back withher will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)Whenshe abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under her breath:"Free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen andbright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch ofher body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray anddead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come thatwould belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she wouldlive for herself.There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon afellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter!What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15) “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will makeyourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill."No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药 ) of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, andsummer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayerthat life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. Therewas a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs.Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallardwho entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella.He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one.He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen himfrom the view of his wife.(21)But Richards was too late.(22) Whenthe doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’ s death?A. Her husband’ s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages inSection A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as themost fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “ Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ” accordingto Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard’ s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills.Whatdo you think is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her“dead ” husband.PART VI WRITING( 略 )。
2018年高考押题卷(英语4)后附答案
2018年高考押题卷(英语4）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AAmsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world and famous for its, beautiful canals, top art museums, and cycling culture. It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the North” because of its wide system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.Must-See AttractionsMost visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. The top museums to visit are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and an area for celebrity spotting and nightlife today.TransportationTravelers should be aware that Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is one of the busiest airports in the world. This airport is located about 15 kilometers southwest of the city center. You can catch a train from Schiphol to Amsterdam Central Station, which has many connecting routes. It’s typically not a good idea to drive a car to the city center. Cycling is incredibly popular here, and it’s easy to find cheap bike rentals around the town. Amsterdam has a flat terrain（地形）and it’s a good choice to explore the city on foot.Money-saving Tips●Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where ra tes are generally cheaper than in the city center.●Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.●Instead of hiring a tour guide, jump onto a canal boat. They’re inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city.1。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案.doc
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ a ncient Egypt's first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid ・A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus・A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13・ He was lured into a crime he would not _________ have committed・A.actuallyB・ accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______________ mountains behind the apple orchard・A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC・ Virginia hazy blueD・ Virginia blue hazy15.1 long to alleviate __________ , but I can not.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maimingA.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17・ At __________ , photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB・ its basicC・ the most basicD. the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed•The infi nitive verb phrase "only to learn "is used _________ ・A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what's behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C・ This work should have been finished yesterday・ 1 'm getting terribly behind・D・ I suppose Fm lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______ ・A・ a hypothesisB・ a suggestionC.a contradictionD.a surprise21 ・ When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to________________________________________________________________________________ 、their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22. _______ , the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC・ ContentiouslyD. Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to _________ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she "has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.^A.recommendationB・ recordingC・ recollectionD・ recognition25.What actually _________ a good angle 一or a good selfie overall —— is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesC・ composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program・A.finalB.furtherC・ supplementaryD. extra27.The teachersunion _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing "deplorable^ school conditions.A.firedB.filedC・ finedD. filled28・ Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team・A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She's worn his designs on __________ o ccasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD・ maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank・ The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing一holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us一the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged" has become a synonym for “thank you," not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character・ By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values・ By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority・(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independenee from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21 ・(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work・ In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5)A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a "land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase "going from rags to riches" became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success- Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status・(6)Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history・ In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of peopled abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41 ・ Para.4 seems to suggest that _______ ・A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD.Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1)The Nobels are the originals, of course・ Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and 一perhaps most importantly—peace・(2)Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opport unity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches・ As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4)But it's not only films™there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity・ The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or一this year —buildinga garden shed・(5)Awards dorf t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange一sometimes awards can be good to give recog nition to people who deserve it, or to help people who dorf t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren't short of cash!(6)Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree・ Even the British Council has its own awards for "Innovation in English Language Teaching"・(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens・(8)It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage^ form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people acrossthe world. The result? The group sells lots more records・(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies・ This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits一・but also the sponsors・ The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12)On the surface, it s eems to be a “Win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author's tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused・B.Appreciative.C・ Sarcastic・D. Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing・D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people・B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para・ 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in ___________ .A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______ .A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband^ death.(2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences・ Her husband^ friend Richards was there, too・ It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brcntly Mallard's name leading the list of "killc(T'・ He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister^s anus. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone・ She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair・ Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name・ But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have beeru(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!0 The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes・ They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead・ But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistenee with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes・ Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the sti ongest impulse of her being!(15)"Free! Body and soul free!" she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. H Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven f s sake open the door.'1(17)"Go away. I am not making myself ill.H No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window・(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long・ It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sistefs importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory・ She clasped her sistefs waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella・ He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards1 quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife・(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills-48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband's death?A.Her husband's friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she __________ ・A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time・50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband・B・ She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be in ferred from the sente nee "Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels/' according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para・ 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard's mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease 一of joy that kills. What do you think is thereal cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead" husband・PART VI WRITING（略）。
2018届高考英语二轮复习练习：专题四 阅读理解2.4.1(含解析)
阅读理解题型突破(一)直接信息理解类(2017·陕西西安九校高三年级联考)AMy elder brother Steve gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult after our father died when I was six.For instance，Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game，Steve took time to ask me what had happened.When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs Holt’s basement window，Steve encouraged me to confess to it.After all，I should have been playing in the park and not in the path between buildings.Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs Holt，I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball.I also learned from Steve that personal property (财产)is a sacred thing.After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else.I returned the pen to my teacher，Mrs Davids，and she praised me.Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me，his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind.When I was twelve，I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun.Excited with my accuracy，I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look.I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground.Then in a dead，quiet voice，he asked，“Did it hurt you first，Mark？”I didn’t know what to answer.He continued with his eyes firm，“ The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is whether it hurts you first.And then you think a long，long time.”I really felt terrible then，but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了“我”的哥哥陪伴“我”成长的经历：他鼓励“我”勇于承担打碎窗户的责任；向老师送回捡到的钢笔；他还教育“我”尊重生命。
2018年高考英语专题四 任务型阅读 第二步 真题演练(一) 含答案
真题演练(一)[2017·江苏]Population ChangeWhy is the world’s population growing？The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits，but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900，people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century，declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore，around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations)，but you’d be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance.What does it imply？First，China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Second，if other factors such as technology remain constant，economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring？Nobody is quite sure，but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don’t bend，Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India’s working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA，it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010－2030.Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.71．答案lower解析根据第一段最后一句“....declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.”可知，出生率的下降是21世纪的特征，也就是说，21世纪的出生率可能会比20世纪的更低，且much/even/far/a lot/a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。
2018届高三英语复习：专题四 阅读理解2.4.3 含解析
A(2017·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三期末)Karen，grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States，maintained high moral(道德的)standards throughout her youth.In 1984，at the age of 23，she married Bill.They were_blessed_with two children，a boy and a girl.By 1991 their love had deepened，and they were ter that year，Bill developed a white spot on his tongue.He visited a doctor.One day shortly after that，Bill called Karen to sit beside him.He said with tears in his eyes that he loved her and wanted to live forever with her.The doctor suspected that he had been infected with HIV，the virus that leads to AIDS.The family was tested.Bill and Karen’s results were positive.Bill had become infected before he met Karen; then he passed the virus on to Karen.The children’s results were negative.Within three years，Bill was dead，“I don’t know how to express what it is like to watch the once handsome man you love and intend to live with forever dying slowly.I cried many nights.He died three months short of ten years of our marriage，” says Karen.Though a doctor told Karen that she would soon follow her husband into death，she is still alive.The infection has progressed to the early stages of AIDS.Karen is one of about 30 million people now living with HIV/AIDS，a figure larger than the combined populations of Australia，Iceland and Paraguay.According to one UN report，Africa has 21 million of these victims.By the turn of the century that number could reach 40 million and the disease will bring on the greatest disaster in human history.Of the world’s sexually active adults aged 15 to 49,1 in 100 has already been infected with HIV.Of these，only 1 in 10 realizes that he or she is infected.In some parts of Africa,25 percent of adults are inflected.Since the beginning of spread of AIDS in 1981 ，about 11.7 million people have died of it.It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone，about 2.3 million people died of it.Nevertheless，there are fresh reasons for optimism in the battle against AIDS.During the past few years，there has been a drop in new AIDS cases in wealthy nations.In addition，promising drugs hold out hope of better health and longer life.语篇解读本文作者通过一个故事介绍了艾滋病所带来的痛苦以及目前医学对艾滋病防治研究的进展。
2018年高考英语二轮复习专题04阅读理解Ⅱ细节理解题(测)(含解析)
专题4 阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题班级姓名学号分数（测试时间：45分钟）1.【湖北八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】CCities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other breathing problems.Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops — a t least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person,” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”8. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?A. Planting more trees in the streets.B. Covering the streets with white paint.C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops.D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.9. What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?A. How to make the city cooler.B. Where to wear a white shirt.C. Why to coat the roads with black paint.D. When to cut off the electricity supply.10. What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?A. Increasing the indoor activities.B. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.C. Making life easier and more comfortable.D. Reducing the number of cold days.【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C9. A【名题点睛】细节理解题一一对应型。
2018高考英语阅读理解真题大全
2018高考英语阅读理解真题大全(附详解)(总47页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--2018高考英语阅读理解真题大全（附详解）1.Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their（1）Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?....（2）What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?to London.a parade and fireworks.central Paris.the WWI battlefields.（3）How long does Potty about Potter last?days.days.days.week.of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who caresHowever, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.（1）What does the author seem to like about cherries?contain protein.are high in vitamin A.have a pleasant taste.are rich in antioxidants.（2）Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?make them smell better.keep their colour.speed up their ripening.improve their nutrition.（3）What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?dessert.drink.container.machine.（4）From which is the text probably taken?biology textbook.health magazine.research paper.travel brochure.and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.（1）What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?’s reading habits.of children’s books.’s after-class activities.relationships.（2）Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"paragraph 2.paragraph 3.paragraph 4.paragraph 5.（3）Why do many parents limit electronic reading?are of poor quality.could be a waste of time.may ha rm children’s health.are expensive.（4）How should parents encourage their children to read more?as role models for them.then to write book reports.up reading groups for them.with their reading class teachers.’ve all been there: in a lift, in lin e at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problemIt’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an inv aluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.（1）What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?to smartphones.behaviours in public places.of communication between strangers.with slow service.（2）What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?good manners.to other people.on a topic.business deals.（3）What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?improves family relationships.raises people’s confid ence.matters as much as a formal talk.makes people feel good.（4）What is the best title for the text?Countsof Making Small Talkof Small TalkSilence5.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案.docx
______________. A. war
B. are war C. of war D. are of war
C. the most basic D. the basic
18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase“only to learn”is used __________.
C.otherwise
D.seldom
14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________
mountains behind the apple orchard. A. blue hazy Virginia
A. final B. further
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.
精品文档
27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing“deplorable”
school conditions.
O. widespread
A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response
2018届高三英语上学期第四次考试试题(含解析)
2018届高三英语上学期第四次考试试题（含解析）英语试题第Ⅰ卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A(You may read the questions first.)Eye for an EyeWilliam Ian MillerAnalyzing the law of the talion–an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth---William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back”.“William Ian Miller has written a marvelous book that I found absolutely attractive. ---Wendy Doniger, University of Chicago$28.00: Hardback: 0-521-85680-9:304ppHow New Language EmergeDavid LightfootIn this pioneering study, David lightfoot explains how languages come into being, arguing that children are the driving force. Engaging and original, this book offers a pathbreaking new account of language acquisition, variation and change.$75.00: Hardback: 0-521-85913-1:208pp$29.99: Paperback: 0-521-67629-0:304ppA History of Modern IndonesiaAdrian VickersAlthough Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world, its history is still relatively unfamiliar and understudied. Guided by the life and writings of the country’s most famous author, Pramoedya, Ananta Toer, Adrian Vickers takes the reader on a journey across the social and political landscape of twentieth-century Indonesia in this timely account.$70.00: Hardback: 0-521-83493-7:292pp$24.99: Paperback: 0-521-54262-6Available at better bookstores and at www. /us。
2018届高考英语二轮复习练习：专题四 阅读理解2.4.4(含解析)
A(2017·深圳第一次调研) Much information can be conveyed，purely through our eyes，so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement？On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger，but not make eye contact.If he senses that he is being stared at，he may feel uncomfortable.It is the same in daily life.If you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you.If nothing goes wrong，you will feel angry about others’ staring at you that way.Eyes do convey information，right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze (注视) ，his intentions are obvious.That is，he wishes to attract her attention，to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.However，the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time，in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking，to tell him that he is attentive.If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking，as if he tries to control you，you will feel uneasy.A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim，since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.In fact，continuous eye contact happens between lovers only，who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time，to show love that words cannot express.Evidently，eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.语篇解读本文介绍了“眼睛会说话”的观点，告诉我们不同场合眼神交流所代表的不同含义。
英语_2018年陕西省高考英语四模试卷含答案
2018年陕西省高考英语四模试卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，20小题，每题2分）第一节：阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．1. Black Bear MisunderstandingsHere, FWC （Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission） shows some common misunderstandings about Florida black bears in an effort to increase popular understanding of Florida's largest land mammal．Myth #1: Feeding black bears that wander into your yard helps the bears．The feeding of bears, raccoons, and foxes is against the Florida law． Bears are opportunistic feeders and will remember where to; find easy food and return to the location． If they continue to gain access to human provided foods, they can become food conditioned and habituated． Bears that begin to exhibit those behaviors can become a public safety risk and possibly be killed by wildlife officials． Remember "________" If a bear is seen in your yard, increase their natural fear of humans by making loud noises from a secure location．Myth #2: Black bears are strict carnivores （食肉动物）．While the bear family is part of the Order （目） Carnivora, the Florida black bear is described as an omnivore （杂食动物）, eating a diet made up of 80% vegetation, 16% insects, and 4% meat． Bears will rarely try to chase down a large animal, such as an adult deer, for a meal, because it will result in a loss of energy ﹣ a lot of energy used trying to catch the animal with very little chance of a successful catch, thus no energy gained．Myth #3: It's best to run away or climb a tree to escape a black bear．Black bears have curved toe nails, naturally making them great climbers． They will commonly climb trees or send their babies up a tree to escape an obvious danger． Nut bearing trees, like oaks, are common places to find black bears feeding in the fall． Black bears can run up to 30mph． Running from any wild animal can also cause a chase instinct, so it is best to back away slowly and find a secure location, like a vehicle or building．（1）． How can we explain the underlined sentence "A fed bear is a dead bear"？________A Bears who are fed have a sense of insecurity．B Bears who visit humans may be seen as threats．C Bears are usually killed by those who feed them．D Bears who arefed have a slower running speed．（2）． Why don't bears chase large animals？________A They are aware of the success rate．B They have no interest in theirmeat． C They are saving energy to catch insects． D They're afraid of being targeted by some other animals．（3）． What can be learned about black bear？________A They are fond of nuts．B They have straight toe nails．C They get along wellwith deer． D They have no fears of loud noises．2. Shortly after World War II, a Dutch art dealer Was arrested for secret selling paintingsby Vermeer （1632﹣1675）to the Nazis who invaded Holland during the war becauseVermeer is considered to be one of Hollan45s best painters, the dealer was charged with selling national treasures to the enemy． To avoid the punishment for this serious crime, he admitted that the paintings forgeries, （伪造品）, or fakes ﹣ he had painted them himself and fooled the art world and the Nazis． Today, experts agree that the forgeries do not look like Vermeer's Other works． Why, then, did the art world accept the fakes as real?One reason why they were accepted was that the forgeries actually looked different than Vermeer's other works． The dealer had claimed that the forgeries were from an unknown period early in Vermeer's art career． Because painters' styles often change, throughout their careers, art historians at the time did not expect the "new discoveries" to look exactly like the known works of Vermeer． In fact, because they did not look similar to the known works, experts did not bother to look at them carefully． This is because experts expect a forger to copy famous paintings as closely as possible． Once the art dealer's first forgeries were expected as real, he was free to make more． The others closely matched the first paintings in style, so they were also expected as real Vermeer paintings from the same early period．Another reason experts were fooled is what some historians call The Emperor's New Clothes effect． In Hans Christian Andersen's story, The Emperor's New Clothes, two criminals convince an emperor that he is wearing beautiful clothes, when he is actually naked． No one in the empire wants to admit that they cannot see the clothes because they believe the clothes are magic an4that only good people can see them． Similarly, the art world was influenced by a famous art historian, Wilhelm von Bode, who said the forgeries were some of Vermeer's best works． Because von Bode was highly respected, other experts began praising the "new discoveries．" At the time, this made it difficult to criticize the paintings or suggest that they were fakes．（1）． Why did the art dealer admit that he had forged paintings？________A He wanted to anger the Nazis．B He felt bad about what he had done．C He wanted to escape heavy punishment．D He wanted to prove he was a good painter．（2）． Why didn't experts expect the forgeries to look like Vermeer's known works？________A Painters' styles vary during their careers．B Painters often create forgeries to fool experts!．C The experts didn't carefully examine the paintings．D The paintings looked similar to Vermeer's early works．（3）． Why does the author mention the story The Emperor's New Clothes？________A To give an example of a forgery in the literary world．B To explain how experts were fooled by the forgeries．C To suggest that Vermeer was the emperor of the art world．D To compare the works of Vermeer with those of Andersen．（4）． What is the best title for the text？________A The Nazi invasion of Holland in WWII．B The paintings of Vermeer's early period．C How von Bode influenced the art world．D How some forgeries fooled the art world．3. For many years doctors have' warned us about the dangers of stress and have given us advice about how to cut down our stress levels． Everyone agrees that long﹣term stress, for example having to look after someone who has a chronic illness, or stressful situations where there is nothing we can do, for example being stuck in a traffic jam, should be avoided whenever possible． However, some medical experts now believe that certain kinds of stress may actually be good for us．Dr Marios Kyriazis, an anti﹣ageing expert, points out that what he． calls "good stress" is beneficial to our health and may, in fact, help us stay young and attractive and even live longer, Dr Kyriazis says that "good stress" can strengthen our natural defences which protect us from illnesses common among older people, such as Alzheimer's and heart problems． According to Dr Kyriazis, running for a bus or having to work to meet a deadline are examples of "good stress", which are situations with short﹣term or low stress． The stress usually makes us react quickly, and gives us a sense of achievement ﹣ we did it! However, in both situations, the stress damages the cells in our body or brain and they start to break down． But then the cells' own repair mechanism "switches on" and it produces proteins which repair the damaged cells and remove harmful chemicals that can gradually cause disease． In fact, the body's response is greater than is needed to repair the damage; so________ actually makes the cells Stronger than they were before．"As the body gets older, this self﹣repair mechanism of the cells starts to slow down, " says Dr Kyriazis． "The best way to keep the process working efficiently is to ‘exercise' it, in the same way you would exercise your muscles to keep them strong． This means having a certain amount of stress in our lives．" Other stressful activities that Kyriazis suggests as feeing good stress include redecorating a room in your house over the weekend, packing your suitcase in a hurry to reach the airport on time, or shopping for a dinner party during your lunch break．So next time your boss tells you that she wants to see die report finished and on her desk in 45 minutes, don't worry; just think of it as "good stress" which will benefit your long﹣term health!（28）A． The benefits of doing physical exercise．B． The relationship between stress and health/C． How to get a sense of achievement．D． How to cut down our stress levels．（29）A． The daily stress．B． Long﹣term stress．C． The increasing stress．D． Short﹣term or low stress．（30）A． Being stuck in a traffic jam．B． Being late for work for several daysC． Packing for a trip at the last minute．D． Looking after a patient with heart trouble．（31）A． Stress beats success．B． Stress attracts illness．C． Get stressed, stay young．D． Less stress, better health．For many years doctors have' warned us about the dangers of stress and have given us advice about how to cut down our stress levels． Everyone agrees that long﹣term stress，for example having to look after someone who has a chronic illness， or stressful situations where there is nothing we can do， for example being stuck in a traffic jam， should be avoided whenever possible． However， some medical experts now believe that certain kinds of stress may actually be good for us．Dr Marios Kyriazis， an anti﹣ageing expert， points out that what he． calls "good stress" is beneficial to our health and may， in fact， help us stay young and attractive and even live longer， Dr Kyriazis says that "good stress" can strengthen our natural defences which protect us from illnesses common among older people， such as Alzheimer's and heart problems．According to Dr Kyriazis， running for a bus or having to work to meet a deadline are examples of "good stress"， which are situations with short﹣term or low stress． The stress usually makes us react quickly， and gives us a sense of achievement ﹣ we did it! However， in both situations， the stress damages the cells in our body or brain and they start to break down． But then the cells' own repair mechanism "switches on" and it produces proteins which repair the damaged cells and remove harmful chemicals that can gradually cause disease． In fact， the body's response is greater than is needed to repair the damage； so ________ actually makes the cells Stronger than they were before．"As the body gets older， this self﹣repair mechanism of the cells starts to slow down，" says Dr Kyriazis．"The best way to keep the process working efficiently is to ‘exercise' it，in the same way you would exercise your muscles to keep them strong． This means having a certain amount of stress in our lives．" Other stressful activities that Kyriazis suggests as feeing good stress include redecorating a room in your house over the weekend， packing your suitcase in a hurry to reach the airport on time， or shopping for a dinner party during your lunch break．So next time your boss tells you that she wants to see die report finished and on her desk in 45 minutes， don't worry； just think of it as "good stress" which will benefit your long﹣term health!（28）A． The benefits of doing physical exercise．B． The relationship between stress and health/C． How to get a sense of achievement．D． How to cut down our stress levels．（29）A． The daily stress．B． Long﹣term stress．C． The increasing stress．D． Short﹣term or low stress．（30）A． Being stuck in a traffic jam．B． Being late for work for several daysC． Packing for a trip at the last minute．D． Looking after a patient with heart trouble．（31）A． Stress beats success．B． Stress attracts illness．C． Get stressed， stay young．D． Less stress， better health．4. People in 29 states can legally use marijuana （大麻） for a variety ofproblems, including the relief of pain, anxiety or stress． But what if they want to travel with it?Secure airport areas beyond the Transportation Security Administration （TSA）checkpoints are under federal control and the federal government classifies marijuana as a Schedule 1 （most harmful） substance, even in states where it is legal for adults to consume it．The laws conflict, but federal law ________ state law, making it illegal to fly with marijuana in carry﹣on or checked luggage． It is also illegal to transport marijuana across state lines, even if both states have legalized it．Still, some passengers, especially, on domestic flights, take the risk, because searching for marijuana is not on the TSA's to﹣do list． "The agency focuses on terrorism and security threats to the aircraft and its passengers, " a spokesman, Brace Anderson, said． "Airport screeners are looking for things that can take down an airplane, like guns or explosive, not marijuana, " he said． "But if screeners do notice marijuana in someone's carry﹣on or checked luggage, " Mr． Anderson said, "they will call in local airport law enforcement officials to deal with it．"Of the 54 million passengers who went through Denver International Airport in 2015, the TSA stopped just 29 for possession of marijuana, " an airport spokesman, Heath Montgomery, said． In those cases, ．as long as the amount was legal for personal possession in Colorado ﹣ one ounce of dried flower, for example ﹣ the local police simply asked the flier to dispose of it, either by throwing it in the trash or taking it home． All 29 obeyed, and no tickets were issued．Local airport authorities handle the situation differently in different states． In Florida where medical marijuana is legal but recreational use is not, few are stopped for possession in the airport, but, they do face penalties． "Eleven of the approximately 2.8 million passengers who were screened by the TSA at Jacksonville International Airport in 2016 were detained for possession of marijuana, " said Michael D． Stewart, the airport's director of external affairs． "All were arrested or given a notice to appear in court, " he said．（1）． Which of the following can replace the underlined word "tramps" in paragraph 3？________A Beats．B Respects．C Observers．D Explains．（2）． Which of the following is on the TSA's to﹣do list？________A To classify marijuana．B To spot items likely to blow up．C To search language for marijuana．D To legalize the transport jof marijuana．（3）． What happened in Denver International Airport in 2015？________A 29passengers in all were detained by the TSA．B It received an increasing number of security threats．C Lots of passengers with marijuana passed thecheckpoints． D No passengers were punished for possession of marijuana．（4）． What do we know about the law in Florida？________A It is the same as the law in Colorado．B Patients won't be screened by theTSA． C Marijuana can't be used for entertainment． D Doctors giving patients marijuana face penalties．第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能瑱入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项．5.Time is on your sideHow frequently do you say "I don't have time"？ Quite often， I guess． Every time we say those words， they make us feel weak and out of control． You are in control of your hours and your life．（1）_______________I know it's not as easy as simply turning off the TV． But here are two steps that will help you take back control and get time on your side．★（2）_______Be honest： do you spend an hour or two visiting Weixin and QQ every day？ Are you spending time with people that you don't really like just to please them？ Are there meetings you attend that you can politely to refuse？It's time to get real about the hours that add up to a lot of dissatisfying nothing． Think how you can cancel daily activities that are not useful．（3）_______★ Change your language．Words matter． They have power． Saying "I don't have time" is an excuse for not wanting to do something． Here are some good empowering alternatives："I choose not to start that project until next year．""（4）_______""I'd love to go out this weekend but have important work I need to do first．"Get better at saying no．（5）_______ Use little pockets of time （friend running late， car stuck in traffic， meeting ending 10 minutes early） to do some productive thinking． All these things can add up over time more than you believe!A． Identity your blocks．B． But you are likely wasting a lot of it!C． I really don't have enough time to do it．D． Replace them with things that satisfy you．E． Take no notice of all those unimportant messages on your phone．F． I'd love to read that book ﹣ I'll get to it after my homework is complete!G． When you don't have a plan for your life， someone else will plan it for you．第三部分英语知识运用（共两节）第一节完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）6. For most people, graduation day is exciting．（1）_______, my graduation day …was not． Two years ago on my graduation day, my family and friends flew in from across the country to （2）_______ me． But like everyone else in my graduating class, I had （3）_______ the economy turn from bad to worse during my senior year． We graduates had degrees, but very （4）_______ opportunities． Countless applications had been （5）_______． The weeks ahead weren't （6）_______． I drove to Southern California to find work （7）_______ I knew my small university town couldn't offer me any （8）_______． But 100job applications later． I found myself in the （9）_______ spot as I was before． And the date to begin （10）_______ my students loans was drawing ever closer．You know that feeling when you wake up and you are just filled with （11）_______? Andthe most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn't seem to （12）_______．I began to write． Something about writing gave me hope． I began to see the （13）_______． I channeled my frustration into a children's book． Beyond the "river" was the story of an unlikely hero featuring a little fish who refused to give up on his （14）_______．And then one day, （15）_______ any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world ﹣ just a lot of hard work and perseverance ﹣ I received a publishing contract for my first book! Things slowly began to fall into （16）_______ after that． I was （17）_______ a second book deal． Then a few months later, 1got an interview with The Walt Disney Company and was （18）_______ shortly after．The lesson of this story: Don't give up． Even if things look （19）_______ now, don't give up． Your luck is just （20）_______．If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always getbetter． Oftentimes our dreams lie in wait just a little further upstream． All we need is the courage to push beyond the river．（1）A ThereforeB AdditionallyC InsteadD However（2）A comfortB congratulateC surpriseD entertain（3）A smeltB letC watchedD made（4）A goodB fairC preferredD limited（5）A rejectedB writtenC examinedD processed（6）A difficultB smoothC importantD special（7）A becauseB ifC thoughD unless（8）A expectationsB ideasC opportunitiesD wishes（9）A sameB rightC onlyD opposite（10）A checking outB carrying outC taking backD paying back（11）A prideB worryC joyD anger（12）A take actionB take chancesC make progressD make sense（13）A lightB bookC degreeD day（14）A abilityB dreamC habitD attitude（15）A beyondB throughC fromD without（16）A piecesB interestC placeD love（17）A ， offeredB lentC servedD sent（18）A encouragedB valuedC challengedD employed（19）A boringB crazyC hopelessD serious（20）A in the wayB around the comerC on the decreaseD out of order第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．7. Do you know （61）________ a story gets into the newspaper？ Here is anexample． Imagine that a city bus has turned over in a ditch， injuring some of the passengers． An eyewitness calls the newspaper． Then a reporter is sent to the scene， at （62）________ he talks to passengers， driver and witnesses． He finds out what they saw，（63）________ （set） down their answers or comments． Meanwhile， a（n）（64）________（profession） photographer is busy taking pictures．Many reporters use portable computers which allow them （65）________（write） the story on the spot and then send it back to the office．Next， an editor concentrates （66）________the story， checking facts， grammar and spelling． At the same time， a picture is chosen．The story is set in print． On most newspapers today， this （67）________ （do） with a computer． The computer makes sets of columns of type， which are pasted onto a sheet of paper （68）________（exact） the same size as a newspaper page． Only after a proofreader checks the story for mistakes （69）________ the newspaper ready for printing． Then the presses （印刷机） begin to run．Miles of paper are turned into thousands of （70）________（print） newspapers． They are counted and placed in waiting trucks． Within a few hours， people can read about the bus accident in their daily newspaper．第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）8. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．Childhood is a time when there are little duties．If a child has good parents，he is fed，looked after，and loved no matter when he may do．It's impossible for him to be given such much again in his later life．But a child is not so free to do as he wishes it．He is continually being told not to do this，not to do that，or being punished for what he had done wrong．When the young man starts to make their own living，he becomes free from the rules of school and parents．Therefore，he can no longer expect others to pay his food，his clothes，and his room．He has to work hard to live comfortable．If so，he can have the great happiness of build up his own position in society．第二节书面表达（满分25分）9. 为了号召大家多读书，你校于11月25日组织了一次"亲子共读（parent﹣child reading）"活动．假设你是校英文报的记者，请根据以下要点用英语写一篇短文，报道此次活动．内容包括：1．地点：学校图书馆；2．参加者：高三年级学生与家长；3．活动内容：亲子共读一本书；分享读书体会；互相推荐优秀书籍； 4．简短评论．注意：1．词数120左右；（2）．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．________________________2018年陕西省高考英语四模试卷答案1. BAA2. CABD3. it4. ABAC5. B,A,D,F,E6. DBCDABACADBCABDCADCB7. how,which,setting,professional,to write,on,is done,exactly,is,printed8. Childhood is a time when there are little duties．If a child has good parents，he is fed，looked after，and lovedfewno matter when he may do．It's impossible for him to be given such much again in his later life．But a child is notwhat soso free to do as he wishes it．He is continually being told not to do this，not to do that，or being punished for what he had done wrong．去掉 hasWhen the young man starts to make their own living，he becomes free from the rules of school and parents．Therefore，his Howeverhe can no longer expect others to pay∧his food，his clothes，and his room．He has to work hard to live comfortable．for comfortablyIf so，he can have the great happiness of build up his own position in societybuilding1.1ittle﹣﹣few 考查形容词的形式，little修饰不可数名词，而本句中是可数名词复数，所以要用few．2．when﹣﹣what，考查状语从句．no matter…在本句中引导让步状语从句，后面do缺少宾语，所以用 no matter what．3．such﹣﹣so 考查副词． so用来修饰形容词或副词，such一般修饰名词或名词短语，但是遇到有much，many，little，few时，需要用so．4．去掉wishes后面的it，考查代词． wish的宾语已经有了，所以去掉it．5．had﹣﹣has 考查时态．本文上下文用一般现在时态，所以这里如果用完成时态的话，那么应该用现在完成时．所以用has．6．their﹣﹣his 考查人称代词，前面是the young man为主语，所以后面的物主代词应该是his．7．Therfore﹣﹣However，考查副词．前后之间是转折关系，有逗号隔开，所以用however．8．pay 后面加上for，考查介词搭配． pay for是固定短语．9．comfortable﹣﹣comfortably 考查副词．本句中是修饰动词，所以用副词形式．10．build﹣﹣building 考查动名词．介词of后面应该用动名词作宾语．9. To call on more students and their parents to read books in their spare time， an activity of parent﹣child reading was organized on November 25th in our school library．【高分句型一】 Students of Grade 3 and their parents participated in it．（活动的目的，时间，地点以及参加人员）, During the activity， each student and his or her parents were asked to choose one chapter from their book and then read it together． After that， they shared their feelings or opinions about it． Many parents said this offered a better opportunity for them to get to know each other． Finally every family recommended to others three greatbooks．（活动内容）, The activity was surely a great success． Not only did it arouse more students' interest in reading， but made more parents realize the significance of reading with their children．【高分句型二】（简短评论）。
2018年高考英语专题四 任务型阅读 第三步 模拟演练(二) 含答案
模拟演练(二)A(2017·南京四校联考)Today，knowledge can be found in any place.With the Internet having become accessible to nearly everyone，it’s now possible to study and get knowledge on any subject without having to attend college，or going for a university course.However，as convenient as it may seem，can learning on your own really match or be even better than traditional education？In the following lines，we examine the advantages of formal education as well as being self-educated.Perhaps the biggest advantage of being self-taught is that you’re able to save a lot of money.Today，to get a degree，one has to spend thousands of dollars on college fees，books，transportation，etc.However，being self-taught means that you don’t have to pay most of these expenses.You’re only required to spend on important books.Learning by oneself is quite likely to require much time.However，it’s possible to learn faster on your own，by concentrating on only those areas you’re interested in.Besides，by being self-taught，you’ll be able to avoid unimportant subjects and instead concentrate only on those that are necessary for the field you want to get into.What’s more，unlike a formal education system，there are no set rules when you choose to self-educate.You aren’t supposed to read a particular book，watch a video，take a test，etc.，at particular times.This lets you manage your study time based on your own convenience.You can thus work full-time and at the same time learn part-time，which makes you gain income as well as valuable real-time work experience.However，there are also advantages of formal education.For example，you can get a college degree which means you’ve achieved a level of knowledge in that particular field.Many companies tend to prefer those who have a college degree.So，if you possess a degree，you naturally gain an advantage over other people while looking for a job.College and university curriculums are designed to offer as complete a level of knowledge on the subject as possible.These curriculums are based on tried and tested methods，which make sure you get to learn a subject in the best，and the most complete manner.Being formally educated also means that you’ll get into a college or university，where you will be guided by learned teachers and other subject experts.Thus，both formal education and self-education have their own advantages.Neither is better than the other.In the end，the choice between the two comes down to personal preference and situation.Self-education and Formal EducationB(2017·南通一模)What have we become？A society in which someone can have hundreds of online friends and yet go for days without human contact.We scan；we click；we text people in the next room instead of speaking to them；we even check our library books out by ourselves when once we might have chatted to a friendly person with an ink pad and a date stamp.Loneliness can be dangerous.Recent research suggests that it may shorten people’s lives and make them more vulnerable to serious illness.It can distort(扭曲) senses of reality and even become an element that drives a few desperate young men to open fire on a cinema audience or a classroom full of children.Electronic voices on various devices can be the only ones some people hear.And what those voices say is not always true.No man is an island，we are frequently reminded.There are those who choose to lead solitary(孤独的) lives，and live them well，but on the whole we are sociable beings and we suffer if we are on our own too much.Human contact makes us happier，although virtual relationships can be very positive.So what could lonely people do to make real friends？An answer，among many，is to read more books.Reading begins alone but becomes a shared activity when a reader，for example，joins a book group，attends a literary festival or signs up for a continuing education course on an aspect of literature that interests them.There’s no shame in turning up to any of these alone，and fellowship is guaranteed.Fellow readers may well turn out to be like-minded；it’s a basis for new friendships and sustained relationships.Sharing an understanding of a book is a good way of sharing feelings safely.Literary characters can be useful as personas.But there is another important reason why everyone should read more books，and in particular fiction.The responsibility to fight loneliness lies with those who do not suffer from it.Lonely people often feel that there is no one who understands them or can share their point of view.They need to know that actually there are.That requires everybody else to make the imaginative leap of feeling that connection，and reading fiction helps.It makes people more empathic(移情)—sympathy for fictitious(虚构的) characters can translate into compassion(同情) in real life.The stories of strangers reach us through many means：not only news bulletins，interviews，biography and memoir(回忆录)，but also drama and fiction.Walking a mile in their shoes might help turn some of those strangers into real friends.C(2017·南京、盐城一模)Until about 18 years ago，it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life.But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans.This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones.It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don’t have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment.We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain.Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development.During the first few months or years of life，an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli(听觉刺激) for the associated brain cells and connections to develop.In this way，neuronal circuitry(神经元回路) is shaped according to the environment during “sensitive periods” of brain development.This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions.What about later development of higher-level brain regions，which are involved in decision-making，control and planning，as well as social understanding and self-awareness？We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence.However，we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain.This is something that should concern us.There’s a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games.But maybe all this worry is misplaced.After all，throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation.When the printing press was invented，there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people’s minds，and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television.Maybe we shouldn’t be worried at all.It’s possible that the developing brains of today’s teenagers are going to be the most adaptable，creative，multi-tasking brains that have ever existed.There is evidence—fromadults—that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory.Much less is known about how gaming，social networking and so on，influence the developing adolescent brain.We don’t know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive，negative or neutral.We need to find out.Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapable，and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development.However，according to UNICEF,40% of the world’s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education.The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher，and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health，population growth rates，child mortality rates，HIV rates as well as for women’s self-esteem and quality of life.Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial.I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world’s teenagers access to education.。
【高三英语试题精选】2018届高三英语阅读理解精品题练习(带答案)
2018届高三英语阅读理解精品题练习（带答案） ---真题试做(2018·湖南高考，B篇)Still seeking a destination for your weekend break？There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your collegeKing’s Art CentreA day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on shoanywhereThis weekend sees the opening of an exhibition of four local artistsYou could attend a class teaching you hoto ‘learn from the masters’ or get more creative with paint—free of charge The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small feeThe Botanic GardenThe Garden has over 8,000 plant species；it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge UniversityThe multi branched Torch Aloe here is impressiveThe African plant produces red flowers above blue green leaves，and is not one to missGet to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula，a plant more monly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animalsThe Garden is also a place for wildlife enthusiastsLook for grass snakes in the lakeA snake called ‘Hissing Sid’ is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sunByron’s Pool。
【高三英语试题精选】2018届高考英语Unit4 Wildlife protection单元知识复习题及答案
2018届高考英语Unit4 Wildlife protection单元知识复习题及答案2018届高考英语Unit4Wildlifeprotection单元知识复习题及答案 2018届高考英语Unit4Wildlifeprotection单元知识复习题及答案Unit4 Wildlife protection(30分钟限时训练)Ⅰ完形填空Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th centuryEarly in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main StreetMain Street was always in the heart of a townThis street was 1 on both sides with many 2 businessesHere，shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandiseclothing，furniture，hardware，groceries 3 ，some shops offered 4 These shops included drugstores，restaurants，shoe repair stores，and barber or hairdressing shops 5 in the 1950s，a change began to 6 Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too feparking places were 7 shoppersBecause the streets were crowded，merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 8 the city limitsOpen space is what their car driving customers neededAnd open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was builtShopping centres，or rather malls， 9 as a collection of small nestores 10 crowded city centres 11 by hundreds of free parking space，customers were drawn away from 12 areas to outlying mallsAnd the growing 13 of shopping centres led 14 to the building of bigger and better stocked storesBy。
2018届高三英语二轮复习练习：专题四 阅读理解2.4.2 含解析
A(2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷) In China，there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven’t heard for a while.The first is about New Year greetings，which are always welcome.The second reason is often unpleasant，however; people are increasingly contacting longlost friends，or even casual acquaintances，and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions.The practice，which has been growing rapidly，has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed.The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua E v ening Ne w s in East China’s Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children.The contests range from the “cutest baby”to dancing competitions，but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven’t heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved.Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun，some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children.Tang Sulan，a member of the CPPCC’s National Committee (全国政协委员会)，proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues.She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child’s personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child’s safety.Li Hongyan，the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing，said she has never urged others to vote for her children.Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents’ social networks，the competitions are also about parents seeking a“sense of victory” for themselves，she said.“It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves，rather than truly respecting their kids’ dignity and nature.”However，despite her dislike of the contests，she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．语篇解读本文介绍了最近社会上常见的一种现象，有些家长为了给孩子在网上拉票，可谓不择手段，甚至要求不常联系的朋友和不熟悉的朋友投票。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案【精选文档】
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question。
Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth—sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB。
was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U。
S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A。
maintainsB. is maintainingC。
maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed。
A. actuallyB。
accidentallyC。
otherwiseD。
seldom14。
She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB。
2018高考英语全真模拟试卷(四)(含答案解析)
高考英语全真模拟测试（四）本测试共150分，共4页。
测试时间为120分钟。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the woman feel?A. Excited.B. Sad.C. Surprised.2. When will Bill return the car to Sue?A. By 4:30 pm.B. By 5:00 pm.C. By 5:30 pm.3. Which sport does the woman like best?A. Volleyball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.4. What is the girl going to do this Saturday?A. Visit a friend.B. Buy a present.C. Attend a birthday party.5. What happened to the man?A: He caught some cats and dogs.B. He was caught in a storm.C. He caught a bad cold.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Manager and secretary.C. Brother and sister.7. What is their problem?A. They have no time to go to a movie tonight.B. Debbie has refused to babysit for them.C. They can’t find a good babysitter easily.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
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A
(2017·深圳第一次调研)
Much information can be conveyed，purely through our eyes，so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.
Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement？On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger，but not make eye contact.If he senses that he is being stared at，he may feel uncomfortable.
It is the same in daily life.If you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you.If nothing goes wrong，you will feel angry about others’ staring at you that way.Eyes do convey information，right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze (注视) ，his intentions are obvious.That is，he wishes to attract her attention，to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.
However，the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time，in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking，to tell him that he is attentive.
If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking，as if he tries to
control you，you will feel uneasy.A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim，since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.
In fact，continuous eye contact happens between lovers only，who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time，to show love that words cannot express.
Evidently，eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.
语篇解读本文介绍了“眼睛会说话”的观点，告诉我们不同场合眼神交流所代表的不同含义。
1. What may a person usually do on a bus?
A．Glance at a stranger with eye contact.
B．Use eyes to talk to a stranger politely.
C．Glance at a stranger without eye contact.
D．Talk to a stranger politely after a quick glance.
解析：细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句“On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger，but not make eye contact.”可知，在公交车上人们可能会瞥一眼陌生人，但不会有眼神交流。
答案： C
2．What does it mean if a man looks at a woman for over 10 seconds?
A．He likes her eyes.
B．He admires her.
C．He knows her well.
D．He makes contact with her.
解析：细节理解题。
根据第四段最后两句“If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze (注视) ，his intentions are obvious.That is，he wishes to attract her attention，to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.”可知，如果一位男士盯着一位女士超过10秒，他是想吸引女士的注意力，让她知道他很倾慕她。
答案： B
3．Why is a poor liar easy to be seen through?
A．He thinks that he is honest.
B．He wants to control the victim.
C．He feels uneasy about others’ eye contact.
D．He looks straight at the victim for too long a time.
解析：细节理解题。
根据倒数第三段最后一句“A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim，since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.”可知，一个差劲的说谎者通常会因为看受害者太久而暴露自己，因为他错误地认为直视对方是诚实沟通的一个信号。
答案： D
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Eyes Can Speak.
B．Eye Contact Matters.。